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Rahardjani, Kamilah Budhi. "Hubungan antara Malondialdehyde (MDA) dengan Hasil Luaran Sepsis Neonatorum". Sari Pediatri 12, n.º 2 (23 de novembro de 2016): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/sp12.2.2010.82-7.
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Latar belakang. Sepsis merupakan penyebab morbiditas dan mortalitas terbanyak pada neonatus. Pada sepsis terjadi peningkatan stres oksidatif yang menyebabkan kerusakan jaringan dan hemolisis. Kadar MDA serum merupakan biomarker adanya stress oksidatif.Tujuan. Mengetahui hubungan antara MDA serum dengan hasil luaran sepsis pada neonatus.Metode. Penelitian observasional prospektif dilakukan pada neonatus sepsis yang dirawat di PBRT (Peawatan Bangsal Risiko Tinggi) RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang, Oktober 2007 sampai dengan Januari 2008. Diagnosis sepsis berdasar gejala klinik dan pemeriksaan laboratorium. Keluaran sepsis dikelompokkan menjadi dua yaitu perburukan (BR) dan perbaikan (BI). Kadar MDA serum diukur dua kali saat terdiagnosis sepsis (MDA1) dan pada hari ke-5 atau bila terjadi disfungsi organ / meninggal / perburukan (MDA2) dengan menggunakan metode spektofotometri. Analisis statistik menggunakan Uji Wilcoxon Signed – Rank, Mann-Whitney, ROC analysis dan Fisher-exact.Hasil. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 41 neonatus sepsis, 33 neonatus BI dan 8 neonatus BR. Rerata kadar MDA1 2,97±0,14 dan MDA2 3,05±0,34. Kadar MDA 1 kelompok BI 2,95±0,117, kelompok BR 3,08±0,172 (p=0,03). Kadar MDA2 kelompok BI 2,97±0,182, kelompok BR 3,38±0,591 (p=0,006). Kelompok BI MDA2 meningkat tak bermakna (p=0,9), kelompok BR, MDA2 meningkat bermakna (p=0,01). Kurva ROC luas area bawah kurva MDA1 0,75 (p=0,03), cut-off-point= 2,928 ng/mL. Dijumpai hubungan bermakna antara kategori MDA1 dengan luaran sepsis (p=0,02). Risiko relatif MDA1 ≥2,928 ng/mL untuk hasil luaran sepsis perburukan 7,4 X (95% CI=1,4-37,2).Kesimpulan. Terdapat hubungan antara kadar MDA serum dengan hasil luaran sepsis neonatorum. (
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El Haddad, Lynn, Cynthia P. Harb, Mark Stibich, Roy F. Chemaly e Roy F. Chemaly. "736. The Use of Bacteriophages to Inhibit Different Strains of Vancomycin-Resistant or Susceptible Enterococci". Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (outubro de 2019): S329—S330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.804.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Abstract Background Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) is a well-known infectious complication among immunocompromised patients, especially hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients. VRE colonization of the gastrointestinal tract could be associated with VRE bacteremia and worse outcomes in HCT recipients. The use of systemic antibiotics to eradicate VRE colonization is highly discouraged because of the lack of efficacy, the rapid onset of antibiotic resistance, and the disruption of the normal microbiota. Bacteriophages (phages) may constitute a good alternative to antibiotics to eliminate specific pathogens without disrupting the patient’s normal microbiota. Methods Sewage samples were collected from the City of Houston for phages isolation. Samples were centrifuged, filtered and exposed to several targeted VRE host strains. After several amplification, the final filtrate was titrated and checked for the presence of VRE-specific phages. Isolated phages were observed under electron microscopy and were tested against multiple VRE strains isolated from different sources including patients’ stool samples, patients’ room environment, sewage samples, clinical isolates of daptomycin-resistant VRE strains or vancomycin-susceptible Enterococcus faecium (VSEF) and Enterococcus faecalis (VSEf) strains. Results Four VRE-specific phages were isolated from sewage samples (MDA1, MDA2, MDA3, and MDA4). All phages belong to the Caudovirales order. Phage MDA1 belongs to the Podoviridae family, phage MDA2 is a Siphoviridae, whereas MDA3 and MDA4 belong to the Myoviridae family (Figure 1A). All phages were lytic and were able to inhibit at least four VRE strains and only MDA1 had activity against VSEF and MDA4 against VSEf. The efficacy of these lytic phages complemented one another as the combination of these four phages inhibited all different VRE strains (Figure 1B). Conclusion Our results highlight the feasibility and the potential success of these phages in inhibiting VRE in vitro. These VRE-specific phage cocktails may be used in future studies to reduce VRE colonization and subsequent infections in HCT recipients. Disclosures Roy F. Chemaly, MD, MPH, FACP, FIDSA, Chimerix: Advisory Board, Research Grant; Clinigen: Advisory Board; Merck: Advisory Board, Consultant, Grant/Research Support, Research Grant, Speaker’s Bureau; Oxford immunotec: Consultant, Grant/Research Support; Shire: Research Grant, Speaker’s Bureau; Viracor: Grant/Research Support.
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Lu, Na, Junji Li, Changwei Bi, Jing Guo, Yuhan Tao, Kaihao Luan, Jing Tu e Zuhong Lu. "ChimeraMiner: An Improved Chimeric Read Detection Pipeline and Its Application in Single Cell Sequencing". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, n.º 8 (21 de abril de 2019): 1953. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20081953.
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As the most widely-used single cell whole genome amplification (WGA) approach, multiple displacement amplification (MDA) has a superior performance, due to the high-fidelity and processivity of phi29 DNA polymerase. However, chimeric reads, generated in MDA, cause severe disruption in many single-cell studies. Herein, we constructed ChimeraMiner, an improved chimeric read detection pipeline for analyzing the sequencing data of MDA and classified the chimeric sequences. Two datasets (MDA1 and MDA2) were used for evaluating and comparing the efficiency of ChimeraMiner and previous pipeline. Under the same hardware condition, ChimeraMiner spent only 43.4% (43.8% for MDA1 and 43.0% for MDA2) processing time. Respectively, 24.4 million (6.31%) read pairs out of 773 million reads, and 17.5 million (6.62%) read pairs out of 528 million reads were accurately classified as chimeras by ChimeraMiner. In addition to finding 83.60% (17,639,371) chimeras, which were detected by previous pipelines, ChimeraMiner screened 6,736,168 novel chimeras, most of which were missed by the previous pipeline. Applying in single-cell datasets, all three types of chimera were discovered in each dataset, which introduced plenty of false positives in structural variation (SV) detection. The identification and filtration of chimeras by ChimeraMiner removed most of the false positive SVs (83.8%). ChimeraMiner revealed improved efficiency in discovering chimeric reads, and is promising to be widely used in single-cell sequencing.
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Vlasov, A. P., N. S. Sheyranov, O. V. Markin, T. I. Vlasova, T. A. Muratova, V. E. Ryazantsev, D. E. Timoshkin, K. M. Sinyavina e A. V. Kolesov. "A Method for Assessing the Severity of Obstructive Jaundice of Non-Neoplastic Origin". Russian Sklifosovsky Journal "Emergency Medical Care" 10, n.º 1 (20 de abril de 2021): 174–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.23934/2223-9022-2021-10-1-174-180.
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AIM OF STUDY To develop a method for assessing the severity of obstructive jaundice (OJ) of non-neoplastic orogin on the basis of functional parameters of the liver and the activity of pathogenetic agents of hepatodepression.MATERIAL AND METHODS Clinical and laboratory studies of 142 patients with breast cancer of non-tumor origin. The indicators of the functional state of the liver, the index of plasma toxicity for albumin, and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) were evaluated.RESUlTS Based on the assessment of a number of blood parameters - the content of total bilirubin (TB), the plasma toxicity index for albumin, the MDA level — the severity index of obstructive jaundice of non-neoplastic origin (SIOJ) was developed:SIOJ = IT1/ITn + TB1/TB + 5(MDA1/MDAn)where IT 1 is the plasma albumin toxicity index at the current moment, ITn is the normal albumin plasma toxicity index, TB1 is the current bilirubin content, TBn is the normal bilirubin content, MDA1 is the current malondialdehyde content, MDAn is the normal value. The index less than 13 indicates a mild severity, 14–21 is moderate severity, 22 and higher indicates a severe degree of OJ. The method increases the objectivity of determining the severity of non-neoplastic origin by establishing the severity of liver damage and the processes underlying it.CONClUSiON The suggested clinical and laboratory index allows the severity of obstructive jaundice to be objectively and quickly determined upon admission of a patient to the hospital and also adequate therapy to be initiated in case of severe degree for anticipation of possible post-operative complications, so the treatment should be focused on managing triggers of hepatodepression. The method is simple and available in medical institutions of various levels. The method is especially valuable when used in the dynamics of the early postoperative period.
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El Haddad, Lynn, Cynthia P. Harb, Mark Stibich, Roy F. Chemaly e Roy F. Chemaly. "735. Bacteriophage Therapy Improves Survival of Galleria mellonella Larvae Injected with Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium". Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (outubro de 2019): S329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.803.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Abstract Background Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) is a major multidrug-resistant organism which may cause infection or colonization in hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) patients. The use of VRE-specific bacteriophages (phages) may potentially help eradicate VRE colonization and subsequent infections. To test the efficacy and safety of phages against VRE in vivo, a cocktail combining four phages was used in a VRE-infected larva model. Methods The pre-screening model Greater Wax Galleria mellonella larva was used in this study. Larvae were infected with VRE by injecting a VRE strain isolated from stools of a VRE-colonized HCT patient at a concentration of 107 colony-forming units/10 μL. A single phage (MDA1) or a phage cocktail (MDA1, MDA2, MDA3, and MDA4) were also injected at a concentration of 106 colony-forming units/10 μL. Two model groups were tested; a prevention group (PG) and a treatment group (TG). For the PG, phages were administered 1 hour before bacterial injection whereas the TG were injected with phages 1 hour post bacterial injection. Control groups included larvae injected with bacteria alone, phages alone (to measure toxicity due to phage administration), sterile media (to measure any lethal effects due to physical trauma from the injection), or without any manipulation. Every group was composed of 5 larvae. The insect’s health state was observed and scored after 8 hours of incubation at 37ºC using a published health index scoring system. Results Phages improved survival of VRE-infected larvae (table). Only 32% of the VRE-infected larvae survived after 8 hours of infection whereas more than 80% survived when adding phages, whether phages were administered before or after VRE infection. The phage cocktail was shown to be more effective than the single phage MDA1 in improving survival (66% vs. 82% survival). Injecting larvae with phages alone was safe as the same survival rate was observed when compared with those injected with sterile media or those without manipulation. Conclusion The use of larva model G. mellonella allows for rapid and efficient screening of the bacterial virulence and phage efficacy and safety. Such results highlight the feasibility and the potential impact of phage therapy on VRE colonization and infections. Disclosures Roy F. Chemaly, MD, MPH, FACP, FIDSA, Chimerix: Advisory Board, Research Grant; Clinigen: Advisory Board; Merck: Advisory Board, Consultant, Grant/Research Support, Research Grant, Speaker’s Bureau; Oxford immunotec: Consultant, Grant/Research Support; Shire: Research Grant, Speaker’s Bureau; Viracor: Grant/Research Support.
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Oida, Yasuhisa, Began Gopalan, Ryo Miyahara, Satoshi Inoue, Cynthia D. Branch, Abner M. Mhashilkar, E. Lin et al. "Sulindac enhances adenoviral vector expressing mda-7/IL-24–mediated apoptosis in human lung cancer". Molecular Cancer Therapeutics 4, n.º 2 (1 de fevereiro de 2005): 291–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.291.4.2.
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Abstract Several studies have shown antitumor activities of the melanoma differentiation–associated gene 7 (mda-7) and the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug sulindac when used as a monotherapies against a wide variety of human cancers. However, the combined effects of mda-7 and sulindac have not previously been tested. Therefore, we tested the antitumor activity of an adenoviral vector expressing mda-7 (Ad-mda7) in combination with sulindac against non–small cell lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. When treated with Ad-mda7 in combination with sulindac, human lung cancer cells (A549 and H1299) underwent growth suppression resulting in apoptosis. The growth inhibition induced by Ad-mda7 in combination with sulindac was significantly greater than that observed with Ad-mda7 or sulindac alone. Furthermore, the degree of growth inhibition induced using this combination was dose-dependent for sulindac. Treatment with Ad-mda7 in combination with sulindac had no growth inhibitory effects on human normal lung (CCD-16) fibroblasts. We then investigated the mechanism by which sulindac enhances Ad-mda7-mediated apoptosis. Sulindac increased expression of ectopic MDA-7 protein in tumor cells, thereby increasing the expression of downstream effectors RNA-dependent protein kinase, p38MAPK, caspase-9, and caspase-3 and enhancing apoptosis of non–small cell lung cancer cells. Pulse-chase experiments showed that the increased expression of MDA-7 protein in sulindac-treated cells was due to increased half-life of the MDA-7 protein. Finally, treatment of human lung tumor xenografts in nude mice with Ad-mda7 plus sulindac significantly suppressed growth (P = 0.001) compared with Ad-mda7 or sulindac alone. Our results show for the first time that combined treatment with Ad-mda7 plus sulindac enhances growth inhibition and apoptosis of human lung cancer cells. The increased antitumor activity observed with the combination treatment is a result of increased half-life of MDA-7 protein. Regulation of protein turnover is a heretofore-unrecognized mechanism of this nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.
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Fuentes, Yihajara, Claudia Giovagnoli-Vicuña, Mario Faúndez e Ady Giordano. "Microencapsulation of Chilean Papaya Waste Extract and Its Impact on Physicochemical and Bioactive Properties". Antioxidants 12, n.º 10 (23 de outubro de 2023): 1900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox12101900.
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The microencapsulation of bioactive extracts of Chilean papaya waste, including both seeds and skin, was investigated. Papaya waste extract microcapsules utilizing maltodextrin at 10% (MD10), 20% (MD20), and 30% (MD30) (w/v) as the wall material through the freeze-drying process were obtained, and subsequently their physicochemical, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties were evaluated. The TPC efficiency and yield values achieved were more than 60% for the microencapsulated seed and skin extracts, respectively. The best results for phenolic and antioxidant compounds were found in the microencapsulated seed extract with MD20, with a value of 44.20 ± 3.32 EAG/g DW for total phenols and an antioxidant capacity of 12.0 ± 0.32 mol ET/g DW for the DPPH and 236.3 ± 4.1 mol ET/g DW for the FRAP assay. In addition, the seed and skin samples reduced ROS generation in H2O2-treated Hek293 cells. In terms of antimicrobial activity, values ranging from 7 to 15 mm of inhibitory halos were found, with the maximum value corresponding to the inhibition of S. aureus, for both microencapsulated extracts. Therefore, the successful microencapsulation of the waste bioactive extracts (seed and skin) with the demonstrated antimicrobial and antioxidant properties highlight the bioactivity from Chilean papaya waste resources.
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Makris, P. E., D. A. Tsakiris, A. Papadopoulos e A. Balias. "The Ratio MDA/MDAa as a New Index of Platelet Hyperactivity". Pathophysiology of Haemostasis and Thrombosis 15, n.º 5 (1985): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000215168.
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Shin, Sehee, So Hui Park, Jong-Hyeon Park, Su-Mi Kim e Min Ja Lee. "Age-Dependent Dynamics of Maternally Derived Antibodies (MDAs) and Understanding MDA-Mediated Immune Tolerance in Foot-and-Mouth Disease-Vaccinated Pigs". Vaccines 10, n.º 5 (24 de abril de 2022): 677. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10050677.
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Vaccine-induced active immunity in young animals may be compromised via interference caused by maternally derived antibodies (MDAs). Since the level, titer, and half-life of MDAs vary per individual, it is difficult to determine the appropriate timing of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccination in the field. In order to better understand the age-dependent characteristics of MDA in sows and piglets as well as the phenomenon of reduced vaccine-mediated active immunity due to MDAs, this study sought to determine antibody titers through structural protein (SP) O, A ELISA analyses, and virus-neutralizing (VN) antibody titers as well as their half-lives in the sera of sows and piglets derived from FMD-vaccinated mother. Furthermore, immunoglobulin (Ig) subtypes, such as IgG, IgM, and IgA, in serum were also evaluated. To understand the correlation between the inhibition of vaccine-mediated active immunity by MDA-mediated passive immunity and regulatory T (Treg) cells, Treg-related cytokine levels were explored. Our findings will help to predict the optimal timing of vaccination for overcoming MDAs and inducing a robust vaccine-mediated immune response in young individuals vaccinated against FMD. They also add to our understanding of MDA characteristics and interference, providing insight for the development of innovative strategies and novel FMD vaccine for overcoming such interference.
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Shin, Sehee, So Hui Park, Jong-Hyeon Park, Su-Mi Kim e Min Ja Lee. "Age-Dependent Dynamics of Maternally Derived Antibodies (MDAs) and Understanding MDA-Mediated Immune Tolerance in Foot-and-Mouth Disease-Vaccinated Pigs". Vaccines 10, n.º 5 (24 de abril de 2022): 677. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10050677.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Vaccine-induced active immunity in young animals may be compromised via interference caused by maternally derived antibodies (MDAs). Since the level, titer, and half-life of MDAs vary per individual, it is difficult to determine the appropriate timing of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccination in the field. In order to better understand the age-dependent characteristics of MDA in sows and piglets as well as the phenomenon of reduced vaccine-mediated active immunity due to MDAs, this study sought to determine antibody titers through structural protein (SP) O, A ELISA analyses, and virus-neutralizing (VN) antibody titers as well as their half-lives in the sera of sows and piglets derived from FMD-vaccinated mother. Furthermore, immunoglobulin (Ig) subtypes, such as IgG, IgM, and IgA, in serum were also evaluated. To understand the correlation between the inhibition of vaccine-mediated active immunity by MDA-mediated passive immunity and regulatory T (Treg) cells, Treg-related cytokine levels were explored. Our findings will help to predict the optimal timing of vaccination for overcoming MDAs and inducing a robust vaccine-mediated immune response in young individuals vaccinated against FMD. They also add to our understanding of MDA characteristics and interference, providing insight for the development of innovative strategies and novel FMD vaccine for overcoming such interference.
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Stepanova, N., L. Korol, O. Burdeyna e L. Snisar. "The relationship between overhydration, increased oxidative stress and peritoneal dialysis adequacy". Ukrainian Journal of Nephrology and Dialysis, n.º 2(62) (3 de fevereiro de 2019): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31450/ukrjnd.2(62).2019.02.
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The present study was undertaken to investigate the association of hydration status measured by bioimpedance analysis with oxidative stress biomarkers and peritoneal dialysis (PD) adequacy.
Methods. It was a case-control study involved 85 PD patients from 2 dialysis centers in Ukraine. Among the examined patients, there were 56/85 (65.9%) men and 29/85 (34.1%) women. All patients had been undergoing PD for more than 3 months (median was 25.4 [14.0-49.5] months). Average age was 48.8 ± 12.5 years.
Fluid compartments [extracellular water (ECW) and overhydration index (OH)] were measured using Multifrequency bio-impedance (BCM®, Fresenius Medical Care, Germany). Overhydration was defined as OH/ECW> 15%.
Malondialdehyde concentration in serum (MDAs) and erythrocytes (MDAe) was defined as an indicator of lipid peroxidation. Such parameters as the concentration of ceruloplasmin (CP), transferrin (TR) and sulfhydryl groups (SH-groups) in the blood and total peroxidase activity in erythrocyte (TPAe) were studied as the indicators of antioxidant system. Moreover, to determine the intraperitoneal oxidative stress induction, we studied MDA and TPO in PD effluent.
Results. Among 85 PD participants, there were 38(44.7%) patients in normohydration range and 47 (55.3%) overhydrated pаtients according to the OH/ECW ratio. There were a significant increase in serum and PD effluent MDA (p = 0.01 and p = 0.001, respectively) in overhydrated PD patients whereas the concentrations of serum CP and TPA in PD effluent were significantly lower compared with normohydrated patients (p = 0.008 and p = 0.04, respectively). In addition, ECW had an inverse correlation with SH-groups (r = -0.37; p = 0.003) and MDAs (r = -0.48; p = 0.004). An odds ratio of PD inadequacy was 3.6 times higher among overhydrated patients than in normovolemic one: OR = 3.6 (95% CI 1.3-10.3; p = 0.01).
Conclusions. Extracellular fluid overload promotes intraperitoneal and systemic oxidative stress which could be one of the pathway explanations of technique survival failure and cardiovascular mortality in overhydrated PD patients.
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Chang, Chia-Yi, Kuo-Jung Tsai, Ming-Chung Deng, Fun-In Wang, Hsin-Meng Liu, Shu-Hui Tsai, Yang-Chang Tu, Nien-Nong Lin e Yu-Liang Huang. "Transmission of Classical Swine Fever Virus in Cohabitating Piglets with Various Immune Statuses Following Attenuated Live Vaccine". Animals 13, n.º 3 (21 de janeiro de 2023): 368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13030368.
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Classical swine fever (CSF) is a systemic hemorrhagic disease affecting domestic pigs and wild boars. The modified live vaccine (MLV) induces quick and solid protection against CSF virus (CSFV) infection. Maternally derived antibodies (MDAs) via colostrum could interfere with the MLV’s efficacy, leading to incomplete protection against CSFV infection for pigs. This study investigated CSFV transmission among experimental piglets with various post-MLV immune statuses. Nineteen piglets, 18 with MDAs and 1 specific-pathogen-free piglet infected with CSFV that served as the CSFV donor, were cohabited with piglets that had or had not been administered the MLV. Five-sixths of the piglets with MDAs that had been administered one dose of MLV were fully protected from contact transmission from the CSFV donor and did not transmit CSFV to the piglets secondarily exposed through cohabitation. Cell-mediated immunity, represented by the anti-CSFV-specific interferon-γ-secreting cells, was key to viral clearance and recovery. After cohabitation with a CSFV donor, the unvaccinated piglets with low MDA levels exhibited CSFV infection and spread CSFV to other piglets through contact; those with high MDA levels recovered but acted as asymptomatic carriers. In conclusion, MLV still induces solid immunity in commercial herds under MDA interference and blocks CSFV transmission within these herds.
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Bocciarelli, Paolo, Andrea D’Ambrogio, Tommaso Panetti e Andrea Giglio. "E-MDAV: A Framework for Developing Data-Intensive Web Applications". Informatics 9, n.º 1 (12 de fevereiro de 2022): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/informatics9010012.
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The ever-increasing adoption of innovative technologies, such as big data and cloud computing, provides significant opportunities for organizations operating in the IT domain, but also introduces considerable challenges. Such innovations call for development processes that better align with stakeholders needs and expectations. In this respect, this paper introduces a development framework based on the OMG’s Model Driven Architecture (MDA) that aims to support the development lifecycle of data-intensive web applications. The proposed framework, named E-MDAV (Extended MDA-VIEW), defines a methodology that exploits a chain of model transformations to effectively cope with both forward- and reverse-engineering aspects. In addition, E-MDAV includes the specification of a reference architecture for driving the implementation of a tool that supports the various professional roles involved in the development and maintenance of data-intensive web applications. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed E-MDAV framework, a tool prototype has been developed. E-MDAV has then been applied to two different application scenarios and the obtained results have been compared with historical data related to the implementation of similar development projects, in order to measure and discuss the benefits of the proposed approach.
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Boros, R., László Farkas, Károly Nehéz, Béla Viskolcz e Milán Szőri. "An Ab Initio Investigation of the 4,4′-Methlylene Diphenyl Diamine (4,4′-MDA) Formation from the Reaction of Aniline with Formaldehyde". Polymers 11, n.º 3 (1 de março de 2019): 398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11030398.
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The most commonly applied industrial synthesis of 4,4′-methylene diphenyl diamine (4,4′-MDA), an important polyurethane intermediate, is the reaction of aniline and formaldehyde. Molecular understanding of the 4,4′-MDA formation can provide strategy to prevent from side reactions. In this work, a molecular mechanism consisted of eight consecutive, elementary reaction steps from anilines and formaldehyde to the formation of 4,4′-MDA in acidic media is proposed using accurate G3MP2B3 composite quantum chemical method. Then G3MP2B3-SMD results in aqueous and aniline solutions were compared to the gas phase mechanism. Based on the gas phase calculations standard enthalpy of formation, entropy and heat capacity values were evaluated using G3MP2B3 results for intermediates The proposed mechanism was critically evaluated and important side reactions are considered: the competition of formation of protonated p-aminobenzylaniline (PABAH+), protonated aminal (AMH+) and o-aminobenzylaniline (OABAH+). Competing reactions of the 4,4′-MDA formation is also thermodynamically analyzed such as the formation of 2,4-MDAH+, 3,4-MDAH+. AMH+ can be formed through loose transition state, but it becomes kinetic dead-end, while formation of significant amount of 2,4-MDA is plausible through low-lying transition state. The acid strength of the key intermediates such as N-methylenebenzeneanilium, PABAH+, 4-methylidenecyclohexa-2,5-diene-1-iminium, and AMH+ was estimated by relative pKa calculation.
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Choe, SeEun, Jihye Shin, Ki-Sun Kim, Sok Song, Ra Mi Cha, Byung-Il Jung, Bang-Hun Hyun, Bong-Kyun Park e Dong-Jun An. "Protection of Piglets with Maternally Derived Antibodies from Sows Inoculated with an Attenuated Live Marker Classical Swine Fever Vaccine (Flc-LOM-BErns)". Pathogens 9, n.º 8 (27 de julho de 2020): 608. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9080608.
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Here, we investigated the protective efficacy provided by passive immunity induced by a classical swine fever (Flc-LOM-BErns) vaccine with the newly developed DIVA (Differentiating Infected from Vaccinated Animals) function. Ten pigs (aged 40–60 days) with maternally derived antibodies (MDAs) obtained from sows inoculated with the Flc-LOM-BErns vaccine were challenged with virulent classical swine fever virus (CSFV). Pigs with an MDA titer of 6 log2 induced by the Flc-LOM-BErns vaccine were fully protected against virulent CSFV challenge but not the pigs with an MDA titer under 5 log2. In addition, Flc-LOM-BErns vaccine-derived MDAs successfully differentiated vaccinated pigs by bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) Erns/CSFV Erns antibody detection, functioning as a DIVA.
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Korol, L., N. Stepanova, O. Ablogina e L. Migal. "ALPHA–LIPOIC ACID ANTIOXIDANT EFFICIENCY IN TREATMENT OF PERITONEAL DIALYSIS PATIENTS". Ukrainian Journal of Nephrology and Dialysis, n.º 2(46) (12 de janeiro de 2015): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31450/ukrjnd.2(46).2015.07.
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The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the antioxidant alpha–lipoic acid in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients taking into account the state of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidant protection (AOP) before and after treatment.
Patients and methods. The research revealed the intensity of oxidative processes in 20 patients treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) on the basis of а–lipoic acid applied parenterally in a dose of 600 mg for 2–weeks followed by a transfer to the 6 weeks of oral reception.
The intensity of oxidative processes was evaluated before and after treatment through determining the content of MDA in serum (MDAs) and erythrocytes (MDAe). AOP activity was evaluated by the content of the antioxidant enzyme ceruloplasmin (CP), transferrin (Tr), SH–groups and total peroxidase activity (TPA) of red blood cells. The control group consisted of30 individuals comparable on for age and sex.
Results. The effects on the study of PD patients (positive decrease of MDAs, increase in CP higher than control group, a significant increase in the content of SH–groups (p=0,04), TPA (p=0,009), Tr (p=0,002) and catalase serum) demonstrated a considerable positive dynamics of LPO /AOP influenced by the use of а–lipoic acid.
Conclusions. The research opens up the prospect for further study ofLPO /AOP blood in PD patients and proves the
application expediency of alpha–lipoic acid for this group. Use of the latter lowers the activity of oxidative processes significantly and restores AOP indicators substantially, which in turn minimizes the negative influence of oxidative stress on a patient’s body.
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Lincez, Pamela, Iryna Shanina e Marc Horwitz. "The RNA virus sensor melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 mitigates protection from Coxsackievirus B4 and type 1 diabetes in non-obese diabetic mice. (P5211)". Journal of Immunology 190, n.º 1_Supplement (1 de maio de 2013): 68.33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.190.supp.68.33.
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Abstract Type 1 diabetes is a pancreatic autoimmune disease affecting children and results from both genetic and environmental factors where coxsackievirus B4 (CB4) is the most associated pathogen. Genome-wide association studies have linked variants in MDA5, an RNA virus sensor, with T1D protection. As CB4 is an RNA virus and a likely factor in T1D etiology, we chose to use CB4 to study the role of MDA5 in T1D. CB4 infection enhances T1D in NODs through activation of autoreactive T cells. We hypothesized that MDA5 signals the strength, polarization and regulation of the T cell response after stimulation by agents like CB4 and dampening MDA5 function would alter the T cell response to favour T1D protection. MDA5ko(-/-) were backcrossed to the NOD background and confirmed by SNP analysis. NOD-MDA5ko(10/10) failed to develop spontaneous T1D by 24 weeks when T1D occurred in MDA5het(+/-)(2/10) and wt(+/+)(9/33). While decreased MDA5 expression (confirmed by Western) in MDA5het did not affect spontaneous T1D, it protected MDA5het(4/4 ) from CB4 induced T1D compared to infected wt(2/4). FACS analysis revealed significantly fewer activated effector CD4+ T cells in the spleen and PLNs of MDA5hets. Further, MDA5het PLNs had increased numbers of natural Tregs. These results support our premise that reduced MDA-5 expression alters the T cell response limiting the development of autoreactive effectors and T1D and suggests that dampening MDA-5 function could be a key therapeutic target.
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Fuller, Brian B., Vance Harris, Caleb Parker, Andres Martinez, Emily Toubali, Blandine Clarisse Ebene, Kofi Asemanyi-Mensah et al. "Contextual determinants of mass drug administration performance: Modelling fourteen years of lymphatic filariasis treatments in West Africa". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 17, n.º 2 (24 de fevereiro de 2023): e0011146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0011146.
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Background Effective mass drug administration (MDA) is the cornerstone in the elimination of lymphatic filariasis (LF) and a critical component in combatting all neglected tropical diseases for which preventative chemotherapy is recommended (PC-NTDs). Despite its importance, MDA coverage, however defined, is rarely investigated systematically across time and geography. Most commonly, investigations into coverage react to unsatisfactory outcomes and tend to focus on a single year and health district. Such investigations omit more macro-level influences including sociological, environmental, and programmatic factors. The USAID NTD database contains measures of performance from thousands of district-level LF MDA campaigns across 14 years and 10 West African countries. Specifically, performance was measured as an MDA’s epidemiological coverage, calculated as persons treated divided by persons at risk. This analysis aims to explain MDA coverage across time and geography in West Africa using sociological, environmental, and programmatic factors. Methodology The analysis links epidemiological coverage data from 3,880 LF MDAs with contextual, non-NTD data via location (each MDA was specific to a health district) and time (MDA month, year). Contextual data included rainfall, temperature, violence or social unrest, COVID-19, the 2014 Ebola outbreak, road access/isolation, population density, observance of Ramadan, and the number of previously completed MDAs. Principal findings We fit a hierarchical linear regression model with coverage as the dependent variable and performed sensitivity analyses to confirm the selection of the explanatory factors. Above average rainfall, COVID-19, Ebola, violence and social unrest were all significantly associated with lower coverage. Years of prior experience in a district and above average temperature were significantly associated with higher coverage. Conclusions/Significance These generalized and context-focused findings supplement current literature on coverage dynamics and MDA performance. Findings may be used to quantify typically anecdotal considerations in MDA planning. The model and methodology are offered as a tool for further investigation.
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Al-Jarf, Reima. "Specialized Dictionary Mobile Apps for Students Learning English for Engineering, Business and Computer Science". Journal of Humanities and Education Development 4, n.º 1 (2022): 01–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/jhed.4.1.1.
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Use of dictionaries is an integral part of language learning and teaching. With the availability of smartphones, EFL, ESL and ESP students can access and download a variety of specialized mobile dictionaries Apps (MDAs). Specialized MDAs are of special importance for students learning English for engineering, business, and computer science purposes. They contain thousands of essential specialize technical terms covering several sub-categories within the engineering, business and computer science fields. They are a good tool for enriching the students’ specialized vocabulary and helping them learn faster and remember more in a shorter time. This article aims to show ESP instructors examples of engineering, computer science and business MDAs available in the Google Play or Apple Stores; how specialized MDAs can be located; criteria for selecting specialized MDAs; the lexicographical features of specialized MDA and instructional stages with MDAs. Instruction with MDAs goes through three stages: pre-task, task, and post-task phases. The instructor serves as a facilitator. She can help students find and download MDAs that meet their needs and purposes and match their proficiency level; gives pre-questions; and follows the students up to make sure they are making the best use of MDAs. The article concludes with some recommendations for ESP pedagogy with MDAs.
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Herriott, Trystan M., James L. Crowley, Mark D. Schmitz, Marwan A. Wartes e Robert J. Gillis. "Exploring the law of detrital zircon: LA-ICP-MS and CA-TIMS geochronology of Jurassic forearc strata, Cook Inlet, Alaska, USA". Geology 47, n.º 11 (23 de setembro de 2019): 1044–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g46312.1.
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Abstract Uranium-lead (U-Pb) geochronology studies commonly employ the law of detrital zircon: A sedimentary rock cannot be older than its youngest zircon. This premise permits maximum depositional ages (MDAs) to be applied in chronostratigraphy, but geochronologic dates are complicated by uncertainty. We conducted laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and chemical abrasion–thermal ionization mass spectrometry (CA-TIMS) of detrital zircon in forearc strata of southern Alaska (USA) to assess the accuracy of several MDA approaches. Six samples from Middle–Upper Jurassic units are generally replete with youthful zircon and underwent three rounds of analysis: (1) LA-ICP-MS of ∼115 grains, with one date per zircon; (2) LA-ICP-MS of the ∼15 youngest grains identified in round 1, acquiring two additional dates per zircon; and (3) CA-TIMS of the ∼5 youngest grains identified by LA-ICP-MS. The youngest single-grain LA-ICP-MS dates are all younger than—and rarely overlap at 2σ uncertainty with—the CA-TIMS MDAs. The youngest kernel density estimation modes are typically several million years older than the CA-TIMS MDAs. Weighted means of round 1 dates that define the youngest statistical populations yield the best coincidence with CA-TIMS MDAs. CA-TIMS dating of the youngest zircon identified by LA-ICP-MS is indispensable for critical MDA applications, eliminating laser-induced matrix effects, mitigating and evaluating Pb loss, and resolving complexities of interpreting lower-precision, normally distributed LA-ICP-MS dates. Finally, numerous CA-TIMS MDAs in this study are younger than Bathonian(?)–Callovian and Oxfordian faunal correlations suggest, highlighting the need for additional radioisotopic constraints—including CA-TIMS MDAs—for the Middle–Late Jurassic geologic time scale.
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Shahrestani, Morteza, Mohammad Saber Tehrani, Shahram Shoeibi, Parviz Aberoomand Azar e Syed Waqif Husain. "Comparison between Different Extraction Methods for Determination of Primary Aromatic Amines in Food Simulant". Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2018 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1651629.
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The primary aromatic amines (PAAs) are food contaminants which may exist in packaged food. Polyurethane (PU) adhesives which are used in flexible packaging are the main source of PAAs. It is the unreacted diisocyanates which in fact migrate to foodstuff and then hydrolyze to PAAs. These PAAs include toluenediamines (TDAs) and methylenedianilines (MDAs), and the selected PAAs were 2,4-TDA, 2,6-TDA, 4,4′-MDA, 2,4′-MDA, and 2,2′-MDA. PAAs have genotoxic, carcinogenic, and allergenic effects. In this study, extraction methods were applied on a 3% acetic acid as food simulant which was spiked with the PAAs under study. Extraction methods were liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME), and solid-phase extraction (SPE) with C18 ec (octadecyl), HR-P (styrene/divinylbenzene), and SCX (strong cationic exchange) cartridges. Extracted samples were detected and analyzed by HPLC-UV. In comparison between methods, recovery rate of SCX cartridge showed the best adsorption, up to 91% for polar PAAs (TDAs and MDAs). The interested PAAs are polar and relatively soluble in water, so a cartridge with cationic exchange properties has the best absorption and consequently the best recoveries.
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Benoit, L. "‘Maisons Des Adolescents’, Youth Mental Health in France". European Psychiatry 65, S1 (junho de 2022): S47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.159.
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Since 1999, more than 100 “Maisons des Adolescents” (MDAs) - “House of Adolescents” - have been developed in France. These integrated youth-friendly facilities enabled young persons to gain access to specific care. The various medical programs of MDAs depend on the priorities of local communities rather than on official regulations. Most MDAs offer the following essential services: a “Health and Prevention Space” open daily; multidisciplinary consultations; consult liaison for youths hospitalized in medical units; a home visiting service; outpatient clinic including art workshops; refresher courses for school work; peer and parent support groups. The MDAs from the start addressed an age group (young people aged 11-21 years) rather than an illness. They thus provide primary prevention for young persons according to the World Health Organization definition of health as “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being.” The success of the MDA network is already widely acknowledged by users, professionals, and policymakers. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Buskiewicz, Iwona A., e Sally A. Huber. "MDA5". Circulation: Heart Failure 6, n.º 2 (março de 2013): 153–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circheartfailure.113.000137.
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Yu, Xiaofei, Paul Fisher e Xiang-Yang Wang. "Inhibition of tumor growth by targeting the MDA5-IPS-1 pathway requires coordinated induction of cancer cell death and immune activation (TUM2P.891)". Journal of Immunology 192, n.º 1_Supplement (1 de maio de 2014): 71.15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.192.supp.71.15.
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Abstract Melanoma differentiation-associated antigen 5 (MDA5), a cytosolic innate pattern recognition receptor for sensing double-stranded RNA, functions as a first line of defense against viral infection. Here we report that ectopic expression of MDA5, mediated by a replication incompetent adenovirus (Ad.Mda5), results in prostate cancer cell death and concomitant innate immune activation, e.g., production of type I interferons (IFNs). IFN-β promoter stimulator (IPS)-1, a downstream adaptor protein, is critical for MDA5-stimulated cancer cell apoptosis and type I IFN response. While MDA5-regulated IFN regulatory factor 3-IFN-β signaling cascade remains intact in nontransformed normal cells, these cells are less sensitive to MDA5-induced apoptosis compared with cancer cells. Intriguingly, intratumoral delivery of Ad.Mda5 preferentially remodels the tumor environment toward Th1 polarization, indicated by marked elevation of cytokine IFN-β, IL-12, and IFN-gamma. As a result, in situ overexpression of MDA5 leads to strong suppression of established mouse prostate tumors, which is associated with activation of natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes. Genetic ablation or antibody neutralization reveals that antitumor effect of MDA5 therapy depends on IPS1, IFN-β, and IL-12. Therefore, the intrinsic capabilities of ‘danger’ sensing MDA-5 in simultaneously promoting cancer cell death and immune augmentation may be exploited to develop novel cancer therapeutics.
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Toppi, Arianna, e Martin Dufva. "Accessible, fast and easy fabrication of hydrophilic-in-hydrophobic microdroplet arrays". PLOS ONE 17, n.º 2 (25 de fevereiro de 2022): e0263282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263282.
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Microdroplet arrays (MDAs) are powerful tools for digital immunoassays, high-throughput screening and single cell analysis. However, MDAs are usually produced with cleanroom processes, which are associated with high costs and low availability. Furthermore, in order to obtain robust and stable MDAs based on hydrophilic spots surrounded by a hydrophobic background, the chemistry must be strictly controlled, which is challenging using shared equipment. Here, we developed a new method to fabricate MDA substrates independently from the cleanroom. A small and low-cost in-house built system to collimate the light source was assembled for photopatterning a negative resist, and spots with diameters down to 4 μm were obtained, with only 3% to 5% spot-to-spot variation across the same sample and high batch-to-batch reproducibility. The use of a negative photoresist enabled the formation of a hydrophobic coating in solution which yielded high-quality MDAs. The feasibility for carrying out digital assays was demonstrated by measuring anti-Tau antibody in sample buffers containing bovine serum albumin, with no noticeable surface fouling. The reported, robust, cost-effective, and fast process could hence lower the threshold to fabricate and use MDAs for digital immunoassays and other microcompartmentalization-based applications.
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Alqahtani, Nouf, e Majed Aleissa. "Cutaneous Features of Anti-MDA-5 Antibody-Positive Amyopathic Dermatomyositis in a Sudanese Patient". Case Reports in Dermatology 13, n.º 3 (28 de setembro de 2021): 481–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000519104.
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Clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis (CADM) is a rare form of DM characterized by unique cutaneous and pulmonary features with no muscle involvement. A subset of patients with CADM has a specific antibody known as anti-melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5). The systemic associations of anti-MDA-5 CADM warrant an early recognition and management to prevent fetal sequelae. It is seen more commonly in white and Asian female individuals. The clinical features of anti-MDA5 antibody-positive CADM in other ethnic groups are not well reported. Here, we describe a case of CADM with identified autoantibodies against MDA5 in a Sudanese female patient presenting with characteristic cutaneous features in association with MDA5 autoantibodies: ulcerated Gottron’s papules, painful palmar papules, shawl sign, and heliotrope sign. No evidence of pulmonary or systemic involvement was identified. Treatment with prednisolone and mycophenolate mofetil was initiated. This case emphasizes the importance of keeping a high level of suspicion and to recognize the unique clinical feature of this type of DM aiding in early treatment and preventing fatal outcomes.
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Campo Fernández, Mercedes, Donna Fiorella Granja Rizzo, Nubia Lisbeth Matute Castro, Osmany Cuesta Rubio e Ingrid Márquez Hernández. "Microencapsulación mediante secado por atomización a partir de un extracto de los cálices de Hibiscus sabdariffa L." Revista Colombiana de Química 50, n.º 1 (25 de março de 2021): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/rev.colomb.quim.v50n1.88424.
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La investigación tuvo como objetivo definir las mejores condiciones de extracción asistida por ultrasonido de los cálices de H. sabdariffa L. y la obtención de polvos microencapsulados, mediante secado por aspersión. Los extractos fueron analizados, considerando como variables: disolvente (agua y agua/etanol) y la relación temperatura/tiempo de extracción (25 ºC/60 min y 60 ºC/30 min). Para el secado se evaluaron las variables temperatura de entrada (150 ºC; 190 ºC) y la mezcla de encapsulantes goma arábiga (G) y maltodextrina (MD) (G40/MD60; G60/MD40). Los parámetros utilizados para el análisis fueron: rendimiento, pH, °Bx, composición química (fenoles y antocianinas totales, CLAE-EM) y capacidad antioxidante (DPPH). La mejor condición para la extracción de polifenoles resultó ser con agua:etanol (80:20), a 60 °C y durante 30 min. Se identificó la presencia de ácidos fenólicos, glicósidos de flavonoles y las antocianinas (delfinidina-3-sambubiósido y cianidina-3-sambubiósido), como las señales de mayor intensidad. Con el secado por atomización a 150 °C y con G60/MD40, se logró el mayor contenido de fenoles totales y antocianinas, sin embargo, la capacidad antioxidante se favoreció a 150 °C y con G40/MD60. Las micropartículas obtenidas podrían valorarse como materia prima para la elaboración de fitofármacos o alimentos funcionales, considerando su fácil manipulación, posible estabilidad y su valor antioxidante.
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Katoch, Tanvi, e Manvi Katoch. "Atypical presentation and complications of term pregnancy with Mullerian duct anomaly: two case reports". International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 10, n.º 6 (27 de maio de 2022): 1368. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20221496.
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Mullerian duct anomalies present as vague and overlapping features with other gynaecological conditions or may remain asymptomatic. These can lead to various obstetrical complications such as miscarriage, fetal growth restriction, preterm birth, abnormal placental implantation, malpresentation, increased risk of cesarean section, retained placenta and others. We hereby presented two cases with term pregnancy in women with Mullerian duct anomaly and the obstetrical complications they had. The first case landed up in a cesarean section at term due to breech presentation as a result of MDA. The second case had a vaginal delivery followed by entrapped retained placenta due to MDA, which had to be removed in piece meal. We hereby discussed the possible pathophysiology leading to these obstetrical complications in MDA pregnancies. MDA can lead to complications in pregnancy and previously undiagnosed women when detected with MDAs should be informed about complications and treatment options before and during pregnancy, for better maternal and neonatal outcomes.
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Kaehler, Nils, Bipin Adhikari, Phaik Yeong Cheah, Nicholas P. J. Day, Daniel H. Paris, Marcel Tanner e Christopher Pell. "The promise, problems and pitfalls of mass drug administration for malaria elimination: a qualitative study with scientists and policymakers". International Health 11, n.º 3 (3 de novembro de 2018): 166–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihy079.
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Abstract Background The emergence of artemisinin resistance in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) has prompted urgent containment measures. One possible approach is mass drug administration (MDA). This article explores attitudes towards and perceptions of MDA for malaria elimination among policymakers and leading malariologists. Methods Thirty-two semistructured interviews (SSI) were conducted with policymakers (n=17) and principal investigators (n=15) selected based on their involvement in malaria prevention, control and elimination in the GMS. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed for qualitative content (thematic) analysis using NVivo (QSR International, Doncaster, Victoria, Australia). Results Researchers and policymakers described reluctance and consequently delays to pilot MDA for malaria elimination. Most policymakers and some researchers reported concerns around the evidence base, citing a lack of data on its effectiveness and appropriate target populations. There were also worries about promoting resistance. Other issues included a previous lack of support from the World Health Organization, past MDAs, the remoteness of target populations and challenges explaining the rationale for MDA. Conclusions The complex rationale for MDA for malaria elimination, mistaking pilot studies for implementation, past experiences with MDA, difficulties in selecting appropriate sites and the WHO’s lack of clear backing undermined the support for MDA for malaria elimination.
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Peto, Thomas J., Rupam Tripura, Nou Sanann, Bipin Adhikari, James Callery, Mark Droogleever, Chhouen Heng et al. "The feasibility and acceptability of mass drug administration for malaria in Cambodia: a mixed-methods study". Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 112, n.º 6 (1 de junho de 2018): 264–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/trstmh/try053.
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Abstract Background Mass drug administrations (MDAs) are part of the World Health Organization’s Plasmodium falciparum elimination strategy for the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS). In Cambodia, a 2015–2017 clinical trial evaluated the effectiveness of MDA. This article explores factors that influence the feasibility and acceptability of MDA, including seasonal timing, financial incentives and the delivery model. Methods Quantitative data were collected through structured questionnaires from the heads of 163 households. Qualitative data were collected through 25 semi-structured interviews and 5 focus group discussions with villagers and local health staff. Calendars of village activities were created and meteorological and malaria treatment records were collected. Results MDA delivered house-to-house or at a central point, with or without compensation, were equally acceptable and did not affect coverage. People who knew about the rationale for the MDA, asymptomatic infections and transmission were more likely to participate. In western Cambodia, MDA delivered house-to-house by volunteers at the end of the dry season may be most practicable but requires the subsequent treatment of in-migrants to prevent reintroduction of infections. Conclusions For MDA targeted at individual villages or village clusters it is important to understand local preferences for community mobilisation, delivery and timing, as several models of MDA are feasible.
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Ellerhorst, Julie A., Victor G. Prieto, Suhendan Ekmekcioglu, Lyle Broemeling, Sandra Yekell, Sunil Chada e Elizabeth A. Grimm. "Loss of MDA-7 Expression With Progression of Melanoma". Journal of Clinical Oncology 20, n.º 4 (15 de fevereiro de 2002): 1069–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2002.20.4.1069.
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PURPOSE: Ectopic transfer of the melanoma differentiation-associated gene-7 (mda-7) has been shown in vitro to suppress growth and induce apoptosis in a variety of human tumor cell lines; similar effects are not elicited in normal cells. Thus, the mda-7 gene seems to function as a novel tumor suppressor, and there is interest in the potential of mda-7 gene transfer as cancer therapy. The objective of this study was to determine if MDA-7 protein is lost during primary melanoma progression from superficial to invasive stages and from localized to metastatic tumor. As a secondary objective, we analyzed MDA-7 protein expression in primary melanomas for correlation with predictors of outcome and with survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MDA-7 protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 41 primary melanomas and 41 metastases, including 24 paired samples. Each sample was scored for the percentage of positive cells and the overall intensity of immunolabeling. RESULTS: Significant decreases in MDA-7 immunostaining, reflected in both number and intensity scores, were observed when comparing the intraepidermal and superficially invasive portions with the deeply invasive portions of primary tumors. Significant differences were also observed when comparing primary tumors to paired metastases. CONCLUSION: Downregulation of MDA-7 expression in primary melanomas facilitates progression to invasive and metastatic stages. These data support the development of Ad-mda7 as gene therapy for advanced melanoma.
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Galatas, Beatriz, Hoticha Nhantumbo, Rodolfo Soares, Helder Djive, Ilda Murato, Wilson Simone, Eusebio Macete et al. "Community acceptability to antimalarial mass drug administrations in Magude district, Southern Mozambique: A mixed methods study". PLOS ONE 16, n.º 3 (23 de março de 2021): e0249080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249080.
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Background This study aimed to capture the acceptability prior to, during and after the implementation of the first year of MDA rounds conducted under the Magude project, a malaria elimination project in southern Mozambique. Methods This was a mixed-methods study, consisting of focus group discussions (FGDs) prior to the implementation of MDA rounds (September 2015), non-participant observations (NPOs) conducted during the MDA rounds (November 2015 –beginning of February 2016), and semi-structured interviews (SSIs) after the second round (end of February 2016). Community leaders, women in reproductive age, general members of the community, traditional healers and health professionals were recruited to capture the opinions of all representing key members of the community. A generic outline of nodes and codes was designed to analyze FGDs and SSI separately. Qualitative and quantitative NPO information was analyzed following a content analysis approach. Findings 222 participants took part in the FGDs (n = 154), and SSIs (n = 68); and 318 household visits during the MDA underwent NPOs. The community engagement campaign emerged throughout the study stages as a crucial factor for the acceptability of MDAs. Acceptability was also fostered by the community’s general will to cooperate in any government-led activity that would reduce malaria burden, the appropriate behavior and knowledge of field workers, or the fact that the intervention was available free of charge to all. Absenteeism of heads of households was identified as the main barrier for the success of the campaign. The most commonly reported factors that negatively affected acceptability were the fear of adverse events, rumors of deaths, being unable to drink alcohol while taking DHAp, or the fear to take DHAp while in anti-retroviral treatment. Pregnancy testing and malaria testing were generally well accepted by the community. Conclusion Magude’s community generally accepted the first and second antimalarial MDA rounds, and the procedures associated to the intervention. Future implementation of antimalarial MDAs in southern Mozambique should focus on locally adapted strategies that engage the community to minimize absenteeism and refusals to the intervention.
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Korol, L., L. Mygal, O. Burdeyna e M. Kolesnyk. "OXIDATIVE STRESS AND RESISTANCE OF ERYTHROCYTES MEMBRANES IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE STAGE VD DEPENDING ON MODALITY OF RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY". Ukrainian Journal of Nephrology and Dialysis, n.º 2(50) (29 de maio de 2016): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31450/ukrjnd.2(50).2016.01.
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The aim of the research was to study the effect ofoxidative factors impact and modality of renal replacement therapy (BBT) on indices ofoxidative stress (OS) and resistance of erythrocytes membranes in patients with chronic kidney disease stage V(CKD VD) and anemie.
Material and methods. The study involved 68 patients with CKD VD: 14 patients were treated by hemodiafiltration (HDF), 25 patients by hemodialysis (HD) and 29 patients by peritoneal dialysis (PD). The severity ofanemia was assessed according to the KDIGO (2012) criteria. The control group consisted of 30 healthy people of the same age and sex. Along with the standard diagnostic methods, we defined the content of malonic dialdehyde in serum (MDAs) and in erythrocytes (MDAe), the content of ceruloplasmin (CPs), transferrin (TBs) and SH-groups in the blood serum, the index of the OS (IOS), catalase activity in serum (CATs), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDHe) and total peroxidase activity (TPA) in erythrocyte, peroxide resistance (PR) of red blood cells and erythrocyte membrane permeability (EMP). Statistical analysis was performed using the programs of Microsoft Excel 7.0.
Results. It has been stated that in the CKD VD patients in compatison with control group the MDAs content increased by 3.3 times and MDAe - 1.2 times, TBs content reduced by 34%, SH-groups - by 31%, TPAe - by 41% and G- 6-FDGe - by 58%, PB-by 60%; 4.6 times increased CATs activity and OSI; 2 times grew peroxide hemolysis (PH) and 1.3 times - EMP. The analysis (depending on the BBT modality) showed that the patients treated by HDF had typical MDAs increase by 3.9 times on a background of CPs by 24%, TBs - 33%, SH-groups - 25%, TPAe - 51%, G-6-PDHe - 42%; the increase in serum OSI - 5.4 times and 2.6 times in erythrocytes, PB - by 3.6 times and CATs activity by 3.5 times; HD group was characterized by the highest value of MDAe, OSI, PH and CATs, along with more expressed decrease of TBs indices, SH-groups, TPA and G-6-FDHe activity compared with rates in patients with HDF. The patients treated with PD had the lowest content of MDAs and the highest values on the background ofTPAe, the significant increase of CPs by 1.7 times and lowest TBs and G-6-PDHe. The patients with PD showed twice lower OS activity by OSI.
Conclusion. Thus, in patients with CKD VD, who had HD, HDF or PD an anemie was associated with high OS activity and the increased degree of hemolysis. These changes are stipulated by BBT methods: for patients receiving HDF were typical the lowest rates of hemolysis and the highest degree ofprotection for erythrocytes, and for patients treated with HD - the highest OS.
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Kolesnyk, M., L. Korol, L. Migal, O. Burdeyna e V. Novakivskyy. "INDICATORS OF OXIDATIVE STRESS AND RESISTANCE OF ERYTHROCYTES IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE STAGE VD DEPENDING ON MODALITY OF RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY". Ukrainian Journal of Nephrology and Dialysis, n.º 3(47) (25 de agosto de 2015): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31450/ukrjnd.3(47).2015.10.
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The object was to study the effect of oxidative factors and methods of renal replacement therapy (RRT) on indices of oxidative stress (OS) and resistance cells in blood in patients with chronic kidney disease stage V(CKD VD) and anemic syndrome.
Material and methods. The study involved 47 patients with CKD VD: 14patients were treated by hemodiafiltration (HDF), 14 patients by hemodialysis (HD) and 19 patients by peritoneal dialysis (PD). The severity ofanemia was assessed according to the KDIGO (2012) criteria. The control group consisted of30 healthy people of the same age and sex. Along with the standard diagnostic methods, we defined the content of malonic dialdehyde in serum (MDAs) and in erythrocytes (MDAe), the content of ceruloplasmin (CPs), transferrin (TRs) and SH - groups in the blood serum, the index of the OS (IOS), catalase activity in serum (CTs), glucose - 6 - phosphate dehydrogenase (G - 6 - PDHe) and total peroxidase activity (TPA) in erythrocyte, osmotic (OR) and peroxide resistance (PR) of red blood cells and erythrocyte membrane permeability (EMP). Statistical analysis was performed using the programs Microsoft Excel 5,0 and MedStat.
Results. It has been stated that in the CKD VD patients agains the rates in control group the MDAs content increased by 3.3 times and MDAe - 1.2 times, TRs content reduced by 34%, SH - groups - by 31%, TPAe - by 41% and G - 6 - FDGe - by 58%, marcers of OR by 30%, PR - by 60%; 4.6 times increased CTs activity and OSI; 2 times grew peroxide hemolysis (PH) and 1.3 times - EMP. The analysis (depending on the RRT modality) showed that the patients treated by HDF had typical MDAs increase by 3.9 times on a background of CPs by 24%o, TRs - 33%, SH - groups - 25%, TPAe - 51%, G6 - PDHe - 42%; the increase in serum OSI - 5.4 times and 2.6 times in erythrocytes, PR - by 3.6 times and CTs activity by 3,5 times; HD group were characterized by the highest value of MDAe, OSI, PH and CTs, along with more expressed decrease of indices TRs, SH - groups, TPA and G - 6 - FDHe activity compared with rates in patients with HDF. The patients treated with PD had the lowest content of MDAs and the highest values on the background ofTPAe, the significant increase of CPs by 1.7 times and lowest TRs and G - 6 - PDHe. The patients with PD showed twice lower OS activity by OSI.
Conclusion.Thus, in patients with CKD VD, who had HD, HDF or PD an anemic syndrome was associated with high OS activity and the increased degree of hemolysis. These changes are stipulated by RRT methods: for patients receiving HDF were typical the lowest rates of hemolysis and the highest degree of protection for erythrocytes, and for patients treated with HD - the highest OS.
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Zoerhoff, Kathryn L., Pamela S. Mbabazi, Katherine Gass, John Kraemer, Brian B. Fuller, Lynsey Blair, Roland Bougma et al. "How well do coverage surveys and programmatically reported mass drug administration coverage match? Results from 214 mass drug administration campaigns in 15 countries, 2008–2017". BMJ Global Health 8, n.º 5 (maio de 2023): e011193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2022-011193.
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IntroductionDelivering preventive chemotherapy through mass drug administration (MDA) is a central approach in controlling or eliminating several neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). Treatment coverage, a primary indicator of MDA performance, can be measured through routinely reported programmatic data or population-based coverage evaluation surveys. Reported coverage is often the easiest and least expensive way to estimate coverage; however, it is prone to inaccuracies due to errors in data compilation and imprecise denominators, and in some cases measures treatments offered as opposed to treatments swallowed.ObjectiveAnalyses presented here aimed to understand (1) how often coverage calculated using routinely reported data and survey data would lead programme managers to make the same programmatic decisions; (2) the magnitude and direction of the difference between these two estimates, and (3) whether there is meaningful variation by region, age group or country.MethodsWe analysed and compared reported and surveyed treatment coverage data from 214 MDAs implemented between 2008 and 2017 in 15 countries in Africa, Asia and the Caribbean. Routinely reported treatment coverage was compiled using data reported by national NTD programmes to donors, either directly or via NTD implementing partners, following the implementation of a district-level MDA campaign; coverage was calculated by dividing the number of individuals treated by a population value, which is typically based on national census projections and occasionally community registers. Surveyed treatment coverage came from post-MDA community-based coverage evaluation surveys, which were conducted as per standardised WHO recommended methodology.ResultsCoverage estimates using routine reporting and surveys gave the same result in terms of whether the minimum coverage threshold was reached in 72% of the MDAs surveyed in the Africa region and in 52% in the Asia region. The reported coverage value was within ±10 percentage points of the surveyed coverage value in 58/124 of the surveyed MDAs in the Africa region and 19/77 in the Asia region. Concordance between routinely reported and surveyed coverage estimates was 64% for the total population and 72% for school-age children. The study data showed variation across countries in the number of surveys conducted as well as the frequency with which there was concordance between the two coverage estimates.ConclusionsProgramme managers must grapple with making decisions based on imperfect information, balancing needs for accuracy with cost and available capacity. The study shows that for many of the MDAs surveyed, based on the concordance with respect to reaching the minimum coverage thresholds, the routinely reported data were accurate enough to make programmatic decisions. Where coverage surveys do show a need to improve accuracy of routinely reported results, NTD programme managers should use various tools and approaches to strengthen data quality in order to use data for decision-making to achieve NTD control and elimination goals.
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Eko, Ewa Uket. "Forensic Accounting and Fraud Management in Nigeria". Journal of Accounting, Business and Finance Research 14, n.º 1 (15 de março de 2022): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.55217/102.v14i1.505.
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The study evaluated forensic accounting techniques on fraud management in the public sector MDAs in Nigeria. Arising from the rise in corruption in Nigeria evidenced in the Transparency International latest corruption perception index of Nigeria and the fact that the public sector constitutes a larger part of the economy in Nigeria, the study was undertaken to ascertain the operation-ability of forensic accounting techniques in public sector accounting departments. The study investigated Data mining, accounting ratios and trend analysis tools to detect or to prevent fraudulent activities in MDAs. Survey research design was adopted for the study. The study applying multiple regression analysis technique (OLS) revealed the adoption of forensic accounting tools (data mining, accounting ratios and trend analysis) will significantly enhance ability to detect and or prevent fraud in MDAs. Also revealed knowledge gap in the application of these preventive control techniques and the usefulness of trend analysis as a technique for detecting fraudulent practices in public service operations. It is thus recommended to develop the human capital of MDAs by making professional qualification and knowledge of information technology mandatory requirements for staff working in the accounts department and robust IT facilities in each MDA.
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Yuslianti, Euis Reni, Afifah B. Sutjiatmo, Florence Meliawaty e Mega Zhafarina. "EFEK APLIKASI GEL MADU RAMBUTAN PADA MUKOSA LABIAL INFERIOR TERHADAP KADAR MALONDIALDEHID (MDA) SALIVA". Cakradonya Dental Journal 12, n.º 2 (28 de outubro de 2020): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/cdj.v12i2.18442.
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Saliva dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif dalam penegakan diagnosis, prognosis, dan rencana perawatan. Variasi konsentrasi saliva dapat digunakan sebagai biomarker stres oksidatif. Radikal bebas adalah suatu senyawa atau molekul dengan elektron tunggal atau tidak berpasangan. Ketidakseimbangan kadar radikal bebas dan antioksidan sel akan menyebabkan stres oksidatif, untuk meredam radikal bebas dibutuhkan antioksidan. Stres oksidatif dapat dilihat dengan mengukur perubahan kadar MDA (Malondialdehyde). Gel madu rambutan merupakan bahan alami yang sudah banyak digunakan, karena memiliki banyak manfaat dan kandungan. Flavonoid merupakan salah satu kandungan madu rambutan, fungsi flavonoid sebagai antioksidan peredam radikal bebas MDAs. Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat efek aplikasi gel madu rambutan terhadap kadar malondialdehyde (MDA) saliva. Metode penelitian ini merupakan quasi eksperimental pre-post design dengan jumlah responden 30 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel penelitian menggunakan consecutive sampling. Responden diminta mengumpulkan saliva sebelum dan setelah pengaplikasian gel madu rambutan pada mukosa mulut bagian labial inferior. MDA saliva diukur dengan menggunakan TBARs metode spektrofotometri. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Wilcoxon (p0,05). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat efek pengaplikasian gel madu rambutan terhadap kadar malondialdehyde (MDA) saliva. Kesimpulan penelitian ini bahwa gel madu rambutan mengandung antioksidan yang dapat menurunkan kadar MDA.
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Crampton, Steve, Jonathan Deane, Karen Hasty, Owokunile Otubusin e Silvia Bolland. "Transgenic Expression of the RNA-sensing Molecule MDA-5 Accelerates Autoimmunity in the Lupus-prone FcgammaR2-Deficient Mouse (93.20)". Journal of Immunology 184, n.º 1_Supplement (1 de abril de 2010): 93.20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.184.supp.93.20.
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Abstract Nucleic-acid sensing molecules provide a first line of defense against microbial infections, but recent studies have shown that their inappropriate activation could promote autoimmunity. MDA-5 senses virally-derived RNA in the cytoplasm, which leads to type one interferon (IFN) production, recently shown to be associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. Here, we have generated mice with multiple copies of Ifih1, the gene that encodes MDA-5, and crossed them to the lupus-prone FcgammaRIIB-/- mouse. Mice with enhanced MDA-5 expression and FcgammaRIIB deficiency have accelerated autoimmunity with splenomegaly and anti-nuclear antibodies in their serum compared to FcgammaRIIB-deficient mice alone. They also display elevated levels of splenic plasma and germinal center B cells, indicating possible early autoreactive B cell formation. Bone marrow and splenic macrophage/monocytes from MDA5 transgenic animals also display an activated phenotype, characterized by elevated Ly6A/E, PDCA-1 and CD80 expression. B cells from MDA-5-transgenic animals also express elevated levels of type one IFN signature genes. These results suggest that increased expression of MDA-5 could exacerbate lupus, possibly through the early production of type one IFN.
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Le, Vuong Quang, Nguyen Hoang Vo, Chuong Dinh Huynh, Phuc Minh Lau, Thanh Thien Tran e Tao Van Chau. "Study of the minimum detectable activity in gamma-ray spectrometry with various shielding configurations". Science and Technology Development Journal - Natural Sciences 1, T4 (31 de dezembro de 2017): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjns.v1it4.496.
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In the environmental radioactivity analyzing methods using gamma-ray spectrometry, the natural activities of radionuclides were required to be higher than the minimum detectable activity (MDA). To reduce MDA, one of the popular methods is to improve the ability of reducing the background radiation of the gamma-ray spectrometry. In this work, we designed the shielding configuration with 5 cm lead and 2 mm copper (thickness of walls and top). The MDAs of gamma-ray spectrometer were 2.6–4.24 times times for 40K (1460.8 keV), 232Th (208Tl- 2614.5 keV) and 238U (214Pb- 352 keV; 214Bi- 609.3 keV, 214Bi- 1764.5 keV). In the other hand, MDA for 238U with this shielding configuration is smaller than the activity of 238U inside surface soils in Vietnam. These results showed that the gamma spectrometer with NaI(Tl) detector and this shielding configuration was suitable for measurements activity of 238U in the environmental samples.
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Kulkarni, Kaustubh N., e Mysore A. Dayananda. "Evolution of Concentration Profiles and Diffusion Paths in Single-Phase Multicomponent Multilayered Assemblies". Defect and Diffusion Forum 289-292 (abril de 2009): 593–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.289-292.593.
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An analysis of multilayered assemblies set up with multicomponent alloys selected in a single phase field has been recently developed on the basis of a matrix of constant interdiffusion coefficients. This analysis employs a transfer matrix method and is applicable to a study of evolution of concentration profiles and diffusion paths as a function of time for multilayered diffusion assemblies (MDAs) where any number of finite layers is sandwiched between two bulk terminal alloys. The analysis is utilized in this study to simulate concentration profiles and diffusion paths for MDAs assembled with (fcc) Cu-Ni-Zn alloys with two terminal alloys, A and B, sandwiching an alloy layer C in the middle. For short diffusion times the diffusion path of the ternary MDA, A/C/B, corresponds to two segments corresponding to the diffusion paths of the infinite diffusion couples, A/C and C/B. At longer times the diffusion zones of the two individual couples overlap and the diffusion path of the MDA varies continuously with time. The evolution of the concentration profiles and diffusion paths is presented and each intermediate path configuration is associated with a unique ratio of the middle layer thickness to the square root of diffusion time. The simulated concentration profiles clearly show the development of uphill diffusion and zero-flux planes (ZFP) for the individual components due to diffusional interactions among the components. At very long times, the diffusion path of the MDA approaches that of the infinite couple A/B between the two terminal alloys.
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Stashevskyi, N. V., L. V. King, L. Myhal e N. M. Stepanova. "THE ROLE OF GUT INDIGENOUS MICROBIOTA IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF OXIDATIVE STRESS IN WOMEN WITH RECURRENT PYELONEPHRITIS". Ukrainian Journal of Nephrology and Dialysis, n.º 1(53) (15 de fevereiro de 2017): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31450/ukrjnd.1(53).2017.05.
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The aim of our study was to investigate the oxidative stress intensity depending on the content of Lactobacillus spp. in the colon of patients with recurrent pyelonephritis.
Material and methods. The observational study involved 60 women with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage I-II: uncomplicated pyelonephritis, aged 39.5 ± 3.2 years. According to the quantitative content ofLactobacillus spp. in the patients’ intestine, the women were allocated into two groups: the first group of the patients (n = 34) had a deficit ofLactobacillus spp. in the intestine, and the second one (n = 26) had a normal content of Lactobacillus spp. Along with the standard diagnostic methods, we defined the content of malondialdehyde levels in the serum (MDAs) and erythrocytes (MDAe) spectrophotometrically as an indicator of lipid peroxidation. Such parameters as the concentration of ceruloplasmin (CP), transferrin (TR) and sulfhydryl groups (SH-groups) in the blood and total peroxidase activity (TPA) in erythrocyte were studied as the indicators of antioxidant system. In addition, we calculated of oxidative stress index (OSI).
Results. The analysis of lipid peroxidation defined a significant increase of MDA level in the serum (p = 0.008) and urine (p = 0.003) ofpatients with deficit of intestine lactobacillus spp. Moreover, in the patients ofGroup II we observed the high level of serum OSI (p = 0.03). By contrast, the TPA level was significantly reduced (p = 0.02).
Conclusions. The results of our work confirm the experimental studies data, which demonstrate the leading role of gut indigenous microbiota in the development of oxidative stress.
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Nazer, Ahmed, Ahmed Abu-Zaid, Osama AlOmar, Hany Salem, Ayman Azzam e Ismail A. Al-Badawi. "Bilateral Ectopic Hypoplastic Uteri Attached to Bilateral Pelvic Sidewalls in a 21-Year-Old Patient with Primary Amenorrhea: The First Published Report". Case Reports in Obstetrics and Gynecology 2013 (2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/450165.
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Müllerian duct anomalies (MDAs) encompass a group of anatomical malformations resulting from defective development, fusion, migration, or resorption of Müllerian (paramesonephric) ducts during embryonic life. Herein, we report the first case of an exceedingly uncommon MDA (bilateral ectopic hypoplastic uteri attached to bilateral pelvic sidewalls) in a 21-year-old woman who was referred to our tertiary care center as a case of primary amenorrhea for workup and further management.
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Wein, Yossi, Virginie Loeb, Aderajew Asmare, Saar Tal, Avner Finger e Aharon Friedman. "Immunization and Host Responses to MB-1, a Live Hatchery Vaccine against Infectious Bursal Disease". Vaccines 11, n.º 8 (2 de agosto de 2023): 1316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11081316.
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MB-1 is an attenuated infectious bursal disease virus vaccine. Previously, we observed a temporal delay of vaccine virus replication in the bursae of chicks due to maternally derived antibodies (MDAs). The mechanism that allowed its survival despite MDA neutralization remained unclear. We hypothesized that after vaccination at 1 day of age (DOA), the MB-1 virus penetrates and resides in local macrophages that are then distributed to lymphoid organs. Furthermore, MB-1’s ability to survive within macrophages ensures its survival during effective MDA protection. PCR analysis of lymphoid organs from chicks with MDA, vaccinated on 1 DOA, demonstrated that the MB-1 virus was identified at low levels solely in the spleen pre-14 days of age. Fourteen days after vaccination, the virus was identified using PCR in the bursa, with viral levels increasing with time. The possible delay in viral colonization of the bursa was attributed to the presence of anti-IBDV capsid VP2 maternal IgA and IgY in the bursa interstitium. These indicate that during the period of high MDA levels, a small but viable MB-1 viral reservoir was maintained in the spleen, which might have served to colonize the bursa after MDA levels declined. Thereafter, individual immunization of chicks against Gumboro disease was achieved.
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Yun, Hong-ran, e Jae-nyun Park. "A Web Service Development Process with MDA Applied". KIPS Transactions:PartD 12D, n.º 4 (1 de agosto de 2005): 583–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3745/kipstd.2005.12d.4.583.
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Fontes, Gilberto, Eliana Maria Mauricio da Rocha, Ronaldo Guilherme Carvalho Scholte e Rubén Santiago Nicholls. "Progress towards elimination of lymphatic filariasis in the Americas region". International Health 13, Supplement_1 (22 de dezembro de 2020): S33—S38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihaa048.
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Abstract In South and Central America, lymphatic filariasis (LF) is caused by Wuchereria bancrofti, which is transmitted by Culex quinquefasciatus, the only vector species in this region. Of the seven countries considered endemic for LF in the Americas in the last decade, Costa Rica, Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago were removed from the World Health Organization list in 2011. The remaining countries, Brazil, Dominican Republic, Guyana and Haiti, have achieved important progress in recent years. Brazil was the first country in the Americas to stop mass drug administration (MDA) and to establish post-MDA surveillance. Dominican Republic stopped MDA in all LF-endemic foci: La Ciénaga and Southwest passed the third Transmission Assessment Survey (TAS) and the Eastern focus passed TAS-1 in 2018. Haiti passed the TAS and interrupted transmission in >80% of endemic communes, achieving effective drug coverage. Guyana implemented effective coverage in MDAs in 2017 and 2018 and in 2019 scaled up the treatment for 100% of the geographical region, introducing ivermectin in the MDA in order to achieve LF elimination by the year 2026. The Americas region is on its way to eliminating LF transmission. However, efforts should be made to improve morbidity management to prevent disability of the already affected populations.
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DESTRIANI, SRI NENGSI, ASRI IMAN SARI, DENI PARLINDUNGAN, DENI MARYANI, DARA HIMALAYA e TASYA DWI DAMAYANTI. "PENGARUH KITOSAN TERHADAP KADAR MALONDIALDEHID (MDA) PADA OVARIUM TIKUS (RATTUS NORVEGICUS) BETINA GALUR WISTAR YANG TERPAPAR TIMBAL ASETAT (PB)". Journal of Nursing and Public Health 11, n.º 1 (20 de maio de 2023): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37676/jnph.v11i1.4104.
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Pendahuluan: Biomarker untuk melihat terjadinya stress oksidatif akibat proses peroksida lipid yang berlebihan yaitu peningkatan kadar MDA. Untuk menghambat agar stress oksidatif tidak terjadi maka kita harus meningkatkan antioksidan didalam tubuh. Salah satu bahan makanan yang mengandung antioksidan yaitu kitosan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kitosan terhadap kadar Malondialdehid (MDA) pada ovarium tikus yang terpapar timbal asetat (Pb). Metode: Sampel dipilih secara acak sebanyak 25 ekor tikus (Rattus norvegicus) betina Galur Wistar. Tikus dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok yang terdiri dari 5 ekor. 4 dari 5 kelompok diberi timbal asetat sebanyak 175 mg/Kg/BB. Kelompok P1, P2 dan diberi kitosan yang dicairkan dengan asam asetat 2% sebanyak 16, 32 dan 64 mg/Kg/BB. Aklimatisasi dilakukan 7 hari, lalu diberi perlakuan selama 30 hari. Tikus di swab vagina. Jika tikus masuk pada fase proestrus maka dilakukan pembedahan untuk mengambil ovarium kanan. Ovarium diperiksa dengan metode spektrofotometri dengan menggunakan Kid MDAANWLSSTM Malondialdehyd Assay, Product NWK-MDA01. Data yang didapat dianalisis menggunakan uji one way ANOVA dan LSD (Least Significant Different). Hasil dan Pembahasan: menunjukan kelompok perlakuan yang diberikan kitosan berbagai dosis memiliki perbedaan kadar MDA yangberbeda signifikan dengan kelompok kontrol negatif. Kesimpulan: Pemberian kitosan dapat memulihkan kadar MDA pada ovarium tikus galur wistar (Rattus norvegicus) betina yang terpapar timbal asetat (Pb).
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Puligari, D. R., e S. C. Veeravalli. "AB1716 TREATMENT MODALITIES IN ANTI-MDA5 DERMATOMYOSITIS: A CASE SERIES FROM SOUTH INDIA". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 82, Suppl 1 (30 de maio de 2023): 2094.2–2095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2023-eular.6307.
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BackgroundAnti-MDA 5 antibody – associated DM presents with rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (RP-ILD), and is known to have poor prognosis. Early detection of ILD,given the risk of rapid deterioration and best treatment guidelines are of extreme importance due to high disease burden and mortality. As we encountered different cases of DM in our OPD at a renowned tertiary care centre in Hyderabad, India, we too had tailor-made diverse treatment regime based on patients’ condition and their circumstances, and henceforth we present 10 of such cases wherein the customized treatment plan brought about significant relief in their condition.ObjectivesTo study and report 10 cases of Anti -MDA5 ILD and treatment outcomes.MethodsAmong 10 patients newly diagnosed with Anti- MDA5 ILD at our hospital, 5 patients had RP-ILD, out of which 3 suffered with refractory ILD. Among the varied treatments given 2 patients required IVIG and Plasma Exchange was used as an adjunct to standard treatment in 1 refractory ILD patient as salvage therapy. All patients were followed at least for six months post management and 7 patients reported significant improvement with maximum reversal of HRCT findings.Results:Figure 1.Figure 2.ConclusionTaking into account the clinical features with which patients presented to our OPD as well as our personal experience in managing such troublesome cases, we also had to custom-make the therapeutic regimes and include different therapeutic modalities, so as to not only relieve them of their symptoms but to also ameliorate their quality of life as well as afford them with an early and sustained period of remission.References[1]Nombel A, Fabien N, Coutant F. Dermatomyositis With Anti-MDA5 Antibodies:Bioclinical Features, Pathogenesis and Emerging Therapies. Front Immunol.2021;12:773352. Published 2021 Oct 20. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.773352[2]DeWane ME, Waldman R, Lu J. Dermatomyositis: Clinical features andpathogenesis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020;82(2):267-281.doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2019.06.1309[3]Bolko L, Gitiaux C, Allenbach Y. Dermatomyosites Nouveaux anticorps, nouvelle classification [Dermatomyositis: new antibody, new classification]. Med Sci (Paris).2019;35 Hors série n° 2:18-23. doi:10.1051/medsci/2019178[4]Case RA, Patel V, Mejia-Otero C, Siroy AE, Patel DC. Anti-MDA-5 Dermatomyositis With Development of Drug-Mediated Necrolytic Skin Lesions. JInvestig Med High Impact Case Rep. 2020;8:2324709620940496.doi:10.1177/2324709620940496[5]Gupta R, Kumar S, Gow P, Hsien-Cheng Chang L, Yen L. Anti-MDA5-associateddermatomyositis. Intern Med J. 2020;50(4):484-487. doi:10.1111/imj.14789[6]Dick M, Martin J, Tugnet N. Management of MDA-5 antibody-positive dermatomyositis with interstitial lung disease-an Auckland case series. RheumatolAdv Pract. 2021;5(1):rkab024. Published 2021 Apr 7. doi:10.1093/rap/rkab024Acknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of InterestsNone Declared.
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Jorgensen, Colin, e Monika Lusiak. "Didelphys Uterus in Pregnancy, an Uncommon Mullerian Duct Anomaly: A Case Report". Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine 5, n.º 4 (19 de outubro de 2021): 447–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5811/cpcem.2021.7.53212.
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Introduction: Didelphys uterus, or “double uterus,” is one of the rarest Müllerian duct anomalies (MDA). Due to its rarity, data are sparse on overall outcomes associated with this congenital defect, but it may be associated with several complications, both pregnancy and non-pregnancy related. Case Report: In this case, a pregnant 35-year-old female with vaginal bleeding was subsequently diagnosed with uterus didelphys by transvaginal ultrasound imaging. Conclusion: Despite its rarity, clinicians should be aware of MDAs and their associated complications with pregnancy.
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Zong, Yuan, Hailun Lian, Hongli Chang, Cheng Lu e Chuangao Tang. "Adapting Multiple Distributions for Bridging Emotions from Different Speech Corpora". Entropy 24, n.º 9 (5 de setembro de 2022): 1250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24091250.
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In this paper, we focus on a challenging, but interesting, task in speech emotion recognition (SER), i.e., cross-corpus SER. Unlike conventional SER, a feature distribution mismatch may exist between the labeled source (training) and target (testing) speech samples in cross-corpus SER because they come from different speech emotion corpora, which degrades the performance of most well-performing SER methods. To address this issue, we propose a novel transfer subspace learning method called multiple distribution-adapted regression (MDAR) to bridge the gap between speech samples from different corpora. Specifically, MDAR aims to learn a projection matrix to build the relationship between the source speech features and emotion labels. A novel regularization term called multiple distribution adaption (MDA), consisting of a marginal and two conditional distribution-adapted operations, is designed to collaboratively enable such a discriminative projection matrix to be applicable to the target speech samples, regardless of speech corpus variance. Consequently, by resorting to the learned projection matrix, we are able to predict the emotion labels of target speech samples when only the source label information is given. To evaluate the proposed MDAR method, extensive cross-corpus SER tasks based on three different speech emotion corpora, i.e., EmoDB, eNTERFACE, and CASIA, were designed. Experimental results showed that the proposed MDAR outperformed most recent state-of-the-art transfer subspace learning methods and even performed better than several well-performing deep transfer learning methods in dealing with cross-corpus SER tasks.
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Chebbi, Donia, Mouna Snoussi, Chifa Damak, Mouna Guermazi, Hend Hachicha, Faten Frikha, Raida Ben Salah, Hatem Masmoudi, Sameh Marzouk e Zouhir Bahloul. "Clinical and therapeutic features of myositis associated with anti-MDA5 antibodies: three new cases". Pneumologia 70, n.º 4 (1 de dezembro de 2021): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pneum-2023-0007.
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Abstract Purpose To assess clinical features, therapy, and outcome of the myositis associated with anti-MDA5 antibodies, and to propose a successful therapeutic protocol for rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (RP-ILD) in anti-MDA5 dermatomyositis (DM). Methods A retrospective and descriptive study of three cases of anti-MDA5 associated myositis was conducted in the Department of Internal Medicine in the University Hospital Hedi Chaker, Sfax, Tunisia, between 1996 and 2016. Results From a series of 115 cases of myositis, three cases of anti-MDA5-positive DM were identified. They were three men with a mean age of 63 years. They manifested specific cutaneous manifestations including ulcers and palmar papules, mild muscular involvement, and RP-ILD. The severity of the disease was correlated to the ILD in all patients. Aggressive therapies were tried including high-dose corticoids, cyclophosphamide (CYC) cures, intravenous immunoglobulins, and rituximab (RTX), with a good outcome in the patient who received combined high steroids, CYC, and RTX pulses. The two other patients died because of a rapid worsening of their respiratory condition. Conclusion Anti-MDA positive myositis is characterised by a specific cutaneous phenotype, the discretion of muscular signs, and the correlation with RP-ILD. The poor prognosis of this entity is correlated to the high resistance of pulmonary involvement despite aggressive therapeutics. The combination between high-dose steroids, CYC, and RTX has shown good results in many reports, as well as in one of our patients.