Teses / dissertações: "Materialism and Idealism"

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Eidt, Celso. "Da crítica idealista à crítica materialista = ser genérico e gênese do comunismo". [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281310.

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Orientador: Marcos Lutz Müller
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: O tema central deste trabalho é a teoria do comunismo no jovem Marx. Seu plano geral é expor, seguindo os escritos de juventude que vão da Gazeta Renana à Ideologia alemã, o percurso e o arranjo teórico-conceitual pelo qual Marx desenvolve a teoria do comunismo enquanto sociabilidade alternativa à ordem social burguesa. Nesse movimento, busca evidenciar como o pensamento de Marx parte da perspectiva hegeliana do Estado ético, avança nos debates sobre os temas da emancipação política e humana e da unidade do universal político e do particular social, até o conceito de ser genérico, retomado de Feuerbach, o qual ainda opera nos Manuscritos econômico-filosóficos, onde se encontram as primeiras teses da teoria do comunismo, que alcançará na Ideologia alemã os fundamentos do materialismo histórico
Abstract: The central theme of this work is the communism theory in the young Marx. Its general plan is to expose, following the writings of his youth ranging from Rhenish Gazette to German Ideology, the path and the theoretical-conceptual arrangement through which Marx developed the theory of communism as a alternative sociability to the bourgeois social order. In this movement, it seeks to show how Marx's thought starts from the hegelian perspective of the Ethical state, it advances in debates on issues of political and human emancipation and of the unity of the universal political and of the particular social, until it reaches the concept of generic being, taken from Feuerbach, which still operates in Economic and Philosophic Manuscript, where the first thesis of the communism theory will be found, which will reach in German Ideology the foundations of historical materialism
Doutorado
Filosofia
Doutor em Filosofia

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2

Burns, Michael. "A fractured dialectic : Søren Kierkegaard between idealism and materialism". Thesis, University of Dundee, 2014. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/c0e0aea4-33cd-42ee-aa0d-29e799f47fa6.

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This thesis aims to consider the contemporary relevance of the philosophical and religious project of Søren Kierkegaard by offering a systematic reading of his work against the backdrop of 19th century German idealism. Along with an emphasis on a systematic interpretation of a thinker usually considered to be wholly anti-systematic in aim and orientation, I also aim to show that through developing an ontological interpretation of the work of Kierkegaard the grounds are also created to develop a social and political interpretation of his work. Ultimately, I use the ontological and political reading of Kierkegaard developed in this work to not only show the relevance of this project to contemporary materialist philosophy, but equally to show how this version of Kierkegaard is capable of offering some crucial correctives to contemporary materialism.

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3

Rocha, Renato Gomes de Araujo. "Teorias da Conduta: uma análise crítica". Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2014. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7485.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Neste trabalho foram analisadas e comparadas as principais teorias da conduta. Com isso buscou-se não apenas aprofundar um debate frequentemente mediado pelos manuais, mas também, por meio do recurso aos aportes críticos da bibliografia latino-americana, verificar se a concepção ontológica de conduta é de fato a mais limitadora ao poder punitivo. Parte do eixo analítico deste trabalho passa pelo estudo da articulação entre o respeito à estrutura lógico-objetiva da conduta humana como base de sucessivas valorações e a função limitadora da conduta. Com isso, pretende-se debater se a minimização dessa estrutura lógico-objetiva, acarretando a um acréscimo potencial de uma normativização do direito penal, representaria uma maior exposição do sujeito ao poder punitivo. A partir do conceito de praxis, como desenvolvido por Lukács, busca-se paralelamente uma base filosófica que não se esgote na compartimentalização jurídica. Trata-se de uma corrente que reivindica criticamente a herança teórica das principais contribuições filosóficas ocidentais, desde proposições aristotélicas, passando pelos conceitos hegelianos, chegando ao debate sobre objetificação hegeliano-marxista.
This study analyzed and compared the major theories about human conduct. The intent behind this was to not only deepen a debate often mediated by the manuals, but also, through the use of the critical contributions of Latin-american literature, to verify if the ontological conception of conduct is indeed the most limiting of punitive power. Part of the analytical axis of this work involves the study of the relationship between the respect for logical-objective structures of human conduct, as the basis of successive value attributions, and conduct in its limiting function. With this, we intend to debate whether the reduction of recognition of logical-objective structures, leading to increased potential for normative aspects of criminal law, represents a greater exposure of the subject to punitive power. From the concept of praxis, as developed by Lukacs, we aim to find a philosophical basis that is not exhausted in legal compartmentalization. This theoretical path critically claims the heritage of major Western philosophical contributions, from Aristotelian propositions through the Hegelian concepts, reaching the debate on Hegelian-Marxist objectification.

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4

Renton, Alistair. "An apology for materialism". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/1720.

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It is natural to suppose that mental and physical properties are importantly distinct. Yet whatever this difference is, it has to be compatible with interaction between the mind and the body. Satisfaction of these desiderata leads to a paradox. If you make the mind strongly separate from the body, then there is the problem of bringing them together. If you unite them, then there is the problem of preserving their distinctiveness. It is the aim of this thesis to resolve the paradox. From the outset, it is assumed that the nature of interaction is most satisfactorily explained by an account of mental properties in monistic terms. For reasons for space, the arguments of Materialism are concentrated upon at the exposure of Idealism. Three strategies are examined, and found wanting. First, an instance of a non-reductive account provided by Davidson's 'Anomalous Monism'. Here, mental properties seem to be left with no role in influencing behaviour. Second, a review of reductionist accounts, ranging from Identity Theories to Representationalism. Criticism focuses upon the failure of reductionism to explain the connection between the function of a conscious state and its particular character. A Materialist treats mental states as if they were part of the physical universe. This implies that the nature of these states may be understood through scientific investigation, in the same manner as all other phenomena. The third strategy is to deny the above implication: that is, deny the assertion that, by existing, all aspects of an object are thereby knowable. The ideas of Colin McGinn are discussed as an example of this position. Since his arguments are equally suitable for non-Materialist purposes, they do not constitute an exclusively Materialist solution to the above paradox. This thesis offers an alternative way of pursuing the above strategy. It argues that the relation between mental states and our ways of understanding phenomena, is such that we should not expect our theories about the nature of 'mind' and the 'physical world' to employ the same terms. These properties appear distinct, not because they are different substances, but because they occupy different sides of the ‘process of understanding’ - ‘thing understood’ relationship. For convenience, this position is referred to as ‘Agnostic Materialism’. As interaction between the mind and the body is compatible with the mind having no influence upon our behaviour, it is incumbent upon the thesis to defend Materialism against the claim that mental properties are epiphenomenal. This is achieved by teasing out two ways in which such properties are considered inert: either because the workings of the mind are independent of the body; or because the mind’s processes are irrelevant to those of the body. The first claim is seen arise from the difficulty of seeing the mind as part of the physical world - a difficulty removed by the arguments in the previous paragraph. The second claim gains plausibility through a mistaken adherence to certain models of scientific explanation.

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Al-Saffar, Ali Kamil Sadeq. "The development of the concepts of materialism and idealism in the poetical works of Samuel Taylor Coleridge". Thesis, University of Leicester, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/41083.

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The purpose of this thesis is to trace the development of the concepts of materialism and idealism in Coleridge’s poetry and philosophy. ‘Trace’, in this sense, signifies the poet’s interaction with earlier and contemporary schools of philosophy and how their thoughts and influences contributed to the gradual evolution of his poetic identity during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. As such, the study will trace Coleridge's literary and philosophical development from his early engagement with classical literature and philosophy, particularly Plato, down to Neoplatonism which will be initially represented here by the two key figures of Thomas Taylor (1758-1835) and Ralph Cudworth (1617-1688). The significance of this study lies in the renewed attention it will give to the poet’s endeavours to reform what he regarded as the constrictive influence of post-Lockean British philosophy. Furthermore, it attempts to show the poet's creative and causative abilities through which he has shown the possibility of synthesizing poetry and philosophy, mind and matter, in such a way that refutes the hypothesis of mind’s passiveness in front of mechanical nature. It will, therefore, demonstrate how Coleridge’s imagination invigorates the mind to transcend beyond the sphere of matter and nature itself.

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Roselino, Luis Felipe Martins de Salles. "Sobre alguns traços idealistas na interpretação espiritualista de Max Weber: Da fragmentação estética à crise ética moderna". Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4807.

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Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
The main subject of this investigation is concerned with the idealistic influences on Max Weber spiritualistic interpretation. The problem gained as heritage from German idealism, initially referred as an inverted world , since it can be understood as the difficulty that challenges the historic interpretation of practical values, this problem may be also identified inside Max Weber s interpretation of both, ethical and aesthetical phenomena. This investigation is twofold, as the subtitle indicates; the first part shall deal with the aesthetical fragmentation, the emergence of conflictive values in the artistic phenomena. The second part shall deal with the ethical crisis, undertaking this expression in the most literal sense, as a breakdown or a rupture of the ethical world. Both interpretations shall joint together, composing the Weberian diagnosis of an absolute polytheism and of the problem of theodicy. The Weberian theory of values once properly grasped shall finally guide us to draw a conclusion about the relation between spiritualistic and materialistic interpretations, as presented in the guidelines of Max Weber s greatest interests in the economic ethics of the world religions.
O principal tema dessa investigação está voltado para as influências idealistas na intepretação espiritualista de Max Weber. O problema adquirido por herança do idealismo alemão, denominado inicialmente de problema do mundo invertido , corresponde à dificuldade que desafia a intepretação histórica dos valores práticos. Ele será identificado no interior da interpretação de Max Weber tanto dos fenômenos éticos como estéticos. Tal como o subtítulo sugere, trata-se de uma investigação em duas instâncias; a primeira abordará a fragmentação estética, o surgimento de valores conflitantes segundo os fenômenos do campo da arte. A segunda parte abordará a crise ética, tomando essa expressão no seu sentido mais literal, como um rompimento, uma cisão no mundo ético. Essas duas interpretações poderão ser justapostas por se remeterem tanto ao diagnóstico de Weber de um politeísmo, como ao problema da teodiceia. Uma vez que a teoria weberiana dos valores for propriamente identificada, ela poderá então nos conduzir a uma conclusão acerca da relação entre a interpretação espiritualista e materialista que compõe o principal interesse de Max Weber na ética econômica das religiões mundiais.

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7

Silva, Lucas Eduardo da. "Estética e contemporaneidade: por uma outra filosofia da música nova". Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27157/tde-22092016-144019/.

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Com a finalidade de propor uma abordagem filosófica em torno de diversos problemas atuais da estética musical, em especial buscando identificar e situar uma crise existente na sua elaboração disciplinar, serão lançados nesta tese estudos sobre a problemática relação da estética com outros campos do conhecimento, tanto aqueles vinculados às ciências empírico-matemáticas quanto às ciências humanas. Questões centrais sobre a relação entre as artes e a filosofia, sobre o papel e a situação do esteta moderno, e sobre as tendências da composição musical contemporânea também serão abordadas, sempre no intuito de apresentar possibilidades epistemológicas para uma nova estética musical que sejam consubstanciais aos problemas das artes e da música contemporânea, bem como elementos para definições de arte e da música que sejam alternativas à histórica pregnância na modernidade do pensamento de vanguarda. Para tanto, esta tese se divide em quatro grandes ensaios, pretendendo-se que possam ser tomados, para além de sua unidade temática e estrutural, também isoladamente.
In this dissertation, studies about the problematic relationship of aesthetics with other fields of knowledge, as those bound to empirical-mathematical sciences as well to human sciences, will be launched with the goal of proposing a philosophical approach around various current musical aesthetics problems, specially aiming to identify and to situate an existent crisis in its disciplinary elaboration. Main questions about the relation among arts and philosophy, about the role and situation of the modern aesthete, and about trends of contemporary musical composition will be broached as well, always intending to present epistemológical possibilities to a new musical aesthetics that are consubstantial to the problems of arts and contemporary music, as well as elements for definitions of art and music which may be alternative to historical impression of modernity on avant-garde thinking. Therefore, this dissertation is divided in four great essays, with the intention that they may be taken, over and above its thematic and structural unit, also separately.

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8

Watt, Abdoulaye. "Feuerbach critique de Hegel : de l’idéel au réel". Thesis, Nice, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NICE2007.

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Ce travail propose une analyse de l’idéalisme absolu, de l’humanisme et de du matérialisme dialectique à travers les pensées respectives de Hegel, Feuerbach et Marx. Il s’agit pour nous d’étudier ici trois doctrines philosophiques qui se suivent chro- logiquement en montrant notamment comment s’est opéré le passage de l’idéalisme absolu de Hegel à l’humanisme philosophique de Feuerbach qui fera l’objet d’une critique assez sévère de la part de Marx qui par la même occasion le rejette après l’avoir intégré comme un moment dans l’élaboration de sa conception matérialiste du monde.Souvent présenté comme un penseur de second plan, dont le seul mérite est d’avoir amorcé les principes d’une critique de la pensée de Hegel dont il n’est jamais parvenu à se départir en tant qu’ancien disciple, Feuerbach occupe dans l’histoire de la philosophie une place pour le moins inconfortable. En effet, face à l’impérialisme marxien et hégélien (deux monuments de la philosophie), la pensée de Feuerbach est souvent présentée comme secondaire par les marxistes. C’est pourquoi l’un des objectifs de ce présent travail est d’étudier la pensée de Feuerbach pour ce qu’elle est et non à travers les grilles d’une lecture marxiste
This work proposes an analysis of the absolute idealism, the humanism and the dialectical materialism through the respective thoughts of Hegel, Feuerbach and Marx. It is a question for us of studying here three philosophic doctrines which follow each other chro - logically by showing in particular how took place the passage of the idealism absolved from Hegel in the philosophic humanism of Feuerbach which will be the object of a rather severe criticism on behalf of Marx who at the same time rejects him(it) having integrated(joined) him(it) as moment into the elaboration of its materialistic conception(design) of the word

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Candioti, Miguel. "Práctica y poder social : una reconstrucción de la teoría general de Karl Marx". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/285970.

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En el presente trabajo se intenta reconstruir la teoría general de Karl Marx tomando como eje la concepción específicamente materialista de “práctica” que dicho autor introduce a través de una original traducción histórico-social de las críticas feuerbachianas de la religión y de la filosofía hegeliana. Este nuevo materialismo, que se centra en la práctica entendida como la actividad humana objetivamente transformadora de la realidad natural y social –y, por tanto, como un elemento material que condiciona profundamente a la actividad cognitiva–, es presentado como una inversión de la tradicional subordinación de la práctica al conocimiento. Se analiza también de qué maneras ese materialismo práctico atraviesa toda la teoría marxiana –desde antes de las equívocas Tesis sobre Feuerbach–, y cómo va enriqueciéndose y complejizándose notablemente a lo largo de los años, sin perder su sentido original de crítica a la “enajenación real” de la práctica social y su poder.
This thesis aims to reconstruct Karl Marx’s general theory starting from the specifically materialist conception of “practice” introduced by this author through an original translation of Feuerbachian criticism of religion and Hegelian philosophy into historical-social terms. This new materialism, which focuses on practice understood as the human activity that objectively transforms natural and social reality –and hence, as a material element that deeply determines cognitive activity– is presented as an inversion of the traditional subordination of practice to knowledge. The present work examines the ways in which this practical materialism forms a thread that runs throughout the whole Marxian theory –since before the ambiguous Theses on Feuerbach–, and how it gets significantly richer and more complex over the years, but without losing its original sense of criticism of "real alienation" of social practice and its power.

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Jonsson, Kjell. "Vid vetandets gräns : om skiljelinjen mellan naturvetenskap och metafysik i svensk kulturdebatt 1870-1920". Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Humanistiska fakulteten, 1987. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-61928.

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The object of this dissertation is to describe the opinions about the limits of natural science in their social and cultural context There exist two antagonistic positions to this matter restrictionism and expansionism. Restrictionism assumes that the natural sciences have no influence on metaphysics. Expansionism, on die other hand, argues that the natural sciences can legitimise the positions of beliefs and values. During the 1870b a restrictionist attitude on scientific knowledge established itself among influential German and British scientists. Emil Du Bois-Reymond, Rudolf Virchow, Hermann von Helmholtz and Thomas Henry Huxley were some of the famous scientists who rejected attempts to adduce science in religious and metaphysical matter. This restrictionism was rejected by other scientists and philosophers who believed that the modern natural sciences constituted a complete Weltanschauung, hostile to obsolete Christianity and philosophy. The thesis primarily deals with the debate on the limits of scientific knowledge in Sweden. We follow the development of the discussion from the 1870's to the years after the First World War. At the end of the 19th century Swedish scientists freed themselves from dominant natural philosophy and natural theology. Restrictionism was later on supported, in different ways, by recognized scientists, theologians, conservative critics, and philosophers. At the turn of the centuiy the restrictionist view of science was turned against metaphysical materialism, monism, naturalism, and an emergent, radical counter-culture. The controversies continued as long as the mechanical world picture dominated the natural sciences. With social and cultural changes, and the new physics of Rutherford, Einstein, Bohr, and Heisenberg, the debate slowly faded.
digitalisering@umu

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Novelli, Pedro Geraldo Aparecido. "O idealismo de Hegel e o materialismo de Marx : demarcações questionadas". [s.n.], 1998. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/251086.

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Orientador: Hermas Gonçalves Arana
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação
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Barros, Lucas Camarotti de. "Quid jus? : investigação sobre o a-fundamento ideológico da filosofia moderna do direito". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2013. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/13281.

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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Direito, 2013.
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Este escrito é uma investigação inicial sobre os pressupostos filosóficos idealistas do direito moderno como um todo, e sobre seu processo de a-fundamento em vista dos desafios que se assomam nos horizontes da contemporaneidade. Pensar a filosofia moderna (enquanto filosofia e jusfilosofia) como uma totalidade é algo que será elaborado a partir do que aconteceu ao pensamento após a revolução transcendental kantiana e sua radicalização no idealismo dialético hegeliano. Partindo de Hegel, sobretudo da compreensão da ‘realidade humana’ como ‘astuta’ Ideia divina, procurar-se-á tecer a linha de continuidade que desemboca na filosofia do século XX, não apesar, mas precisamente através da fragmentação do idealismo e sua estruturação paradoxal possível-impossível. Buscaremos então expor o básico sobre a moderna questão do fundamento, para então pensar, de um lado, a heteronomia enquanto ideologia jurídica da modernidade, e de outro a autonomia enquanto objeto frustrado do pensamento de Marx – mas que precisará ser repensado. Finalmente, tendo em conta as insinuações ontológicas materialistas que serão destiladas ao longo do trabalho, os desafios que evidenciam as limitações da filosofia e jusfilosofia moderna serão esclarecidos como a questão da natureza. ______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
This writing is an initial investigation into the idealistic philosophical presuppositions of modern law as a whole, and its process of abgrounding in face of the challenges that loom on the horizons of contemporaneity. To think modern philosophy (as philosophy and law philosophy) as a whole is something that will be drawn from the thought of what happened in philosophy after Kantian transcendental revolution and its radicalization in the Hegelian dialectic idealism. Beginning with Hegel, especially with the understanding of 'human reality' as 'cunning' Divine Idea, we will seek to underline the thread of continuity that leads to the philosophy of the twentieth century, not despite but precisely through the fragmentation of idealism and its possible-impossible paradoxical structure. Then we will try to put some light on the modern question of ground, and then think, on the one hand, heteronomy as the ideology of modern law and on the other hand autonomy as the frustrated object of Marx's thought – but that will need to be rethought. Finally, taking into account the ontological materialist insinuations that are distilled throughout the work, the challenges that highlight the limitations of philosophy and modern law philosophy will be clarified as the question of nature.

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Martínez, Carrillo Francisco Noé. "La enajenación desde la perspectiva de Marx". Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/110315.

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En el trabajo de investigación, se desarrolló el tema de la enajenación, desde el punto de vista de Marx. En este sentido, el análisis fue detallado, desde el origen, en la época de la barbarie, pasando por la civilización en este caso comienza con el pueblo griego, la cultura grecorromana, la edad media, la época moderna hasta llegar a nuestros días. Cabe mencionar, hay ejemplos tomados de referencia en la actualidad, sólo para ser más claro el tema a tratar, en este caso los ejemplos son breves, pero ejemplifican el problema, por tal motivo es importante analizar de igual manera la propiedad privada, la cual está muy relacionada con el fenómeno de la enajenación. Unas de las principales ideas que se pude percatar en la mayoría de los capítulos es; la propiedad privada y la enajenación están muy relacionadas, me atrevería a decir, tanto la una como la otra, crecen y se desarrollan conjuntamente, la enajenación es la consecuencia de la propiedad privada. Por lo tanto, en la investigación se presenta el desarrollo de ambas y al mismo tiempo su relación. Por otro lado, en la investigación se hace de igual manera un análisis de los conceptos como; historia, consciencia e ideología. Los cuales nos ayudan a tener una mejor apertura del pensamiento de Marx y al mismo tiempo del concepto de enajenación, en otras palabras, con la comprensión de estos conceptos, nos ayuda a tener un análisis completo del fenómeno de la enajenación, en este caso, no sólo analizar el concepto aislado, sino investigarlo desde otros conceptos para que la compresión sea total. Sin embargo, otro elemento importante de la investigación es, “el trabajo enajenado”, la cual nos ayuda a comprender el contexto de la época moderna y al mismo tiempo el papel del trabajador dentro de un sistema social y político, que lo somete y lo domina a través del dinero. En pocas palabras lo que se analiza en la investigación es el desarrollo del sistema de producción capitalista, desde el origen hasta nuestros días, es decir, ¿Cómo es que llego a ser el sistema de producción más dominante entre todos, ¿Cómo llego a dominar tanto al ser humano que, hasta en su vida individual se puede ver reflejado? Prácticamente el sistema, llega a dominar cualquier aspecto de su vida, donde el dinero es lo más importante dentro de la vida de los seres humanos.

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Belfiori, Francesco <1989&gt. "Sacra dell'Italia medio adriatica in età repubblicana. Aspetti materiali, profili ideali, interazioni culturali". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/9710/1/Belfiori_Francesco_tesi.pdf.

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La ricerca tenta di descrivere le fisionomie storico-archeologiche della colonizzazione romano-latina dell’Italia medio adriatica dalla prospettiva dei fenomeni religiosi e delle dinamiche attinenti al culto. Ci si interroga, in particolare, sui rapporti tra romanizzazione e sfera del “sacro” e su quali siano stati gli esiti e i riflessi sul piano religioso della dialettica culturale tra Tirreno e Adriatico in età repubblicana. Ovvero, su come le dinamiche proprie del culto e del rito fossero coinvolte, riflettendoli, nei più ampi processi di scambio e di interazione culturale correlati alla colonizzazione romano-latina del comparto medio adriatico della Penisola tra III e I secolo a.C. Partendo dalla sistematizzazione razionale di una base documentaria significativa e attraverso il riesame critico di un dossier storico-archeologico eterogeneo, la ricerca procede con taglio tematico verso la ricostruzione dei cd. “sacra coloniali” e dei principali aspetti che concorrono alla definizione di una fenomenologia del sacro della colonizzazione romano-latina dell’Italia medio adriatica.
The study focuses on religious dynamics and cultic processes in the broader context of Roman-Latin Republican Colonization of Middle Adriatic Italy (current southern Romagna, Marche, northern Abruzzo regions; Regiones V and VI of the administrative partition of Augustan Italy). Relationships between either ‘Romanization’ and Religion are discussed, within the wider panorama of historical changes and cultural interactions enacted by Roman and Latin Republican Colonization of this part of Italian peninsula. The work moves from the rational systematization of a significant and heterogeneous data set and, through the critical and thematic re-examination of the whole dossier, attempts to define archaeological and historical features of Roman Religion within colonial milieu, with particular attention reserved to dynamics and processes of cultural interaction between Rome, Latium, and local frameworks in Republican period (3rd – 1st centuries BC).

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Sousa, Luís Francisco Aguiar de. "O autoconhecimento da vontade. Um estudo sobre o conceito de subjectividade no sistema filosófico de Schopenhauer". Doctoral thesis, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/10956.

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Tese apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Doutor em Antropologia Filosófica
Schopenhauer parte de uma concepção de sujeito de origem kantiana: o sujeito é, antes de mais, o sujeito transcendental da experiência. Contudo, esta concepção é gradualmente enriquecida no decurso do sistema por uma perspectiva empírica e materialista da cognição, mas também por uma concepção da natureza do sujeito como essencialmente volitivo e prático, perspectiva que, aliás, está na base da metafísica de Schopenhauer. No entanto, o modo como Schopenhauer desenvolve e enriquece a noção kantiana de sujeito gera uma série de paradoxos e contradições que se reflectem no seu sistema filosófico como um todo. Assim, logo no início do sistema, a filosofia transcendental aparece intrinsecamente associada a descrições de carácter empírico e fisiológico das funções cognitivas do cérebro. Por sua vez, com a introdução da metafísica, é apresentada uma noção de sujeito cuja identidade reside na vontade e no corpo, e a consciência é reinterpretada como uma função da vontade inconsciente, que constituiria o núcleo do si próprio. A perspectiva transcendental do sujeito volta, no entanto, a fazer valer os seus direitos, na terceira e quarta parte do sistema, isto é, nas partes dedicadas à estética e à ética. A percepção estética é explicada a partir da possibilidade de o sujeito se libertar da vontade e passar a percepcionar os objectos de modo desinteressado. Na parte ética, por sua vez, a acção compassiva e o ascetismo são interpretados como expressão de uma negação da vontade, mediada por um conhecimento intuitivo da essência dos outros e do mundo respectivamente. Este trabalho propõe-se precisamente fazer luz sobre todas estas perspectivas aparentemente desencontradas e contraditórias da subjectividade. Para tal, será apresentada uma leitura integral do sistema filosófico de Schopenhauer a partir da ideia de que o seu “único pensamento” se pode condensar na fórmula: “o mundo é o autoconhecimento da vontade”. Esta interpretação porá em evidência que, ao contrário do que é sugerido pela auto-interpretação de Schopenhauer e por muitos dos seus comentadores, a problemática da subjectividade está no cerne do seu sistema filosófico. Em lugar de se tratar de um pensamento onde se salienta o carácter a-subjectivo e irracional do mundo, iremos demonstrar que o sistema de Schopenhauer, no seu todo, reflecte uma determinada compreensão da estrutura da subjectividade, que se confunde, simultaneamente, com a estrutura do próprio mundo. No curso da interpretação, teremos ainda oportunidade de debater muitas das posições de Schopenhauer relativas a problemas, que mantêm a sua relevância no debate filosófico actual: a relação entre a mente, a vontade e o corpo; a contraposição entre idealismo e materialismo; a relação entre a filosofia transcendental e a investigação empírica da cognição; a consciência e o inconsciente; e, por fim, o papel da consciência e da racionalidade na acção humana.

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Gullu, O., S. Ruzgar, S. Asubay, E. Ozerden, T. Kilicoglu e A. Turut. "Electrical Properties of Al/p-Si Structures with Colchicine Organic Thin Film". Thesis, Sumy State University, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35140.

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In this study, we have fabricated an Al/Colchicine/p-Si structure and have investigated its current– voltage (I–V) and capacitance–voltage (C–V) characteristics at room temperature. The barrier height and ideality factor values of 0.68 eV and 3.22, respectively, have been obtained from the I-V plot. The value of the barrier height was compared with the barrier height value of 0.50 eV of a conventional Al/p-Si diode. This was attributed to the Colchicine organic film modifying the effective barrier height by affecting the space charge region of the inorganic Si semiconductor substrate. By using C – 2-V characteristics the diffusion potential value has been extracted as 1.32 V. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35140

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KAO, RUEY-CHU, e 高瑞珠. "How to Analyze Innovation Diffusion of Environmental Burial by Materialism and Idealism". Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/d6ffcb.

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碩士
國立臺南大學
經營與管理高階經營碩士在職專班(EMBA)
107
Zhuangzi is so open-minded about life and death, I regard the heavens and the earth as a beggar, the sun and the moon as a pair of jade walls, and the stars as treasures. Everything is my funerary. In that era, the spirit of burial in the heavens and the earth spread to modern times and became the cornerstone of the "environmental funeral" policy. This study is based on how the Chinese people's development of environmental burial and the acceptance of environmental burial by the Chinese people can overcome the gap and enable it to be widely promoted. Environmental protection, this innovative approach has many advantages. But still unable to carry out effective innovation diffusion, From traditional burial to environmental burial is the first gap that must be crossed .on the other hand. Environmental burial in the spread of innovation, from early adopters to early masses. Then the second gap that must be crossed. Therefore, This study is based on the diffusion of innovation. And introduce the philosophical point of view of materialism and idealism. And introduce the philosophical point of view of materialism and idealism. How can effective innovation spread? From the deep-rooted traditional burial of the Chinese to the current environmental burial. Always. Are looking for a funeral model suitable for my Taiwanese. People have a day of death. And after death, I can’t take anything that I have in my life. But, You can leave a better environment for future generations by environmentally burial. This study hopes that this paper can provide a reference for the conception and practice of traditional funeral conversion to environmental protection.

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Mowat, Carol. "Stephan G. Stephansson : an idealist or a materialist". 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/9655.

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White, Andrew. "Counterfeit arcadias : Nathaniel Hawthorne's materialist response to the culture of reform". Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/33693.

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Nathaniel Hawthorne lived and wrote in an age of reform efforts, and the progressive movement with which he was most familiar was Transcendentalism. However, he was not sympathetic with Emerson's idealism, a sentiment which comes out in his fiction in way of critique. Throughout Hawthorne's work there is an emphasis on human limitation, in stark contrast to the optimism that characterized his time a "materialist" response to idealism (as defined by Emerson in "The Transcendentalist"). And one important vehicle of this critique of human possibility is his shrewd use of biblical motif particularly the tropes of Eden and the Promised Land, which were adopted by the Transcendentalists. Although these allusions can be traced through much of Hawthorne's work, they are especially apparent in two novels: The Blithedale Romance (1852) and The Scarlet Letter (1850). Hawthorne exposes the irony behind the use of these biblical motifs by the Blithedale community (in their effort to create a utopian society) and the Puritan community, which looked to its religious leaders as the embodiment of its ideals.
Graduation date: 1999

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Roese, Jill. "A Case of Canonical Limbo: Idealist and Materialist Interplay in Marietta Shaginian's "Hydrocentral"". Thesis, 2017. https://doi.org/10.7916/D80P14QC.

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Marietta Shaginian’s Soviet production novel, Hydrocentral (Gidrotsentral’), represents a case of canonical limbo. Without exception, the novel is listed as a Soviet literary classic in reference works and compendia of Russian literature since the time of its publication in 1931 up to the present day, and yet its fame as an exemplary work of socialist realism (the officially mandated artistic and literary method established by the Soviet government in 1934) was extremely short-lived. This dissertation attempts to explain the reasons for the novel’s “in-between” status as a Soviet “classic” work of literature, but not an exemplar of socialist realism. Although Hydrocentral was published three years prior to the adoption of socialist realism, this dissertation argues that there is little doubt that Hydrocentral was one of a handful of Soviet literary works contributing to the formulation of its central tenets. Per the official definition, socialist realism “demands from the artist the truthful, historically concrete depiction of reality in its revolutionary development. At the same time, truthfulness and historical concreteness of the artistic depiction of reality must be combined with the task of ideologically remolding and educating [the working people] in the spirit of socialism.” Shaginian’s novel did, in fact, fulfill all the official requirements of socialist realism: it is a concrete, historically-grounded portrayal of life in rural Armenia at the inception of the first Five-Year Plan (1928-1932) in which objective reality (bytie) is characterized as unceasing dialectical movement. As a paean to inspired, creative socialist labor, Hydrocentral was also written with the express purpose of inculcating a socialist work ethic in Soviet citizens. Part I of this dissertation offers a structural explanation of the novel’s limbo status by demonstrating how the principle of multiplicity undergirds the novel’s structure at every level. Shaginian uses two types of multiplicity, conventional, as in artistic, not true-to-life (uslovnaia) and real, everyday (bytovaia) multiplicity, combining them in a way that achieves Shaginian’s to achieve unique vision of objective reality (bytie) as unceasing dialectical development. Part II of the dissertation demonstrates how the nature of this objective reality (bytie) has its philosophical underpinnings in German Idealism as espoused by Hegel and Goethe, as well as in the dialectical materialism of Karl Marx. At the phenomenological level, Hydrocentral is, a Marxist, materialist philosophical overlay that conceals deeper Idealist – and even Modernist – epistemological undercurrents.

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Watkins, Gary Ross. "Idealist versus historical materialist approach to the analysis of social change (the rise of Nazism in Germany: 1919-1933)". 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/23623.

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Pato, Ana Henriques. "Materialismo e idealismo na física do final do século XIX e início do século XX a partir de Materialismo e Empiriocriticismo de Lénine. O caso exemplar da interpretação bohriana da mecânica quântica". Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/9485.

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Tese de mestrado em História e Filosofia das Ciências, apresentada à Universidade de Lisboa, através da Faculdade de Ciências, 2012
Lenine expos e desenvolveu um conjunto de aspectos da teoria do conhecimento na sua obra Materialismo e Empiriocriticismo. Nela, o autor analisa o confronto entre as correntes materialistas e idealistas na ciência do seu tempo. Em particular, analisa aquilo a que chama “idealismo físico”, isto é a tendência de alguns físicos para interpretarem de forma idealista os resultados de um ramo das ciências. Lenine apontou como uma das razoes para a crise da física a negação do valor objectivo das suas teorias: “a matéria desaparece, restam apenas as equações”. O confronto entre estas duas linhas filosóficas fundamentais, o materialismo e o idealismo, permaneceu ao longo dos tempos. Para compreender as formas que esse confronto assume na ciência actual, estudar Materialismo e Empiriocriticismo e da maior relevância. Por todas estas razões, procede-se a uma recensão do conteúdo desta obra. Pretende-se, assim, expor as principais posições da teoria do conhecimento materialista e dialéctica para, então, melhor compreender a relação entre aquelas linhas filosóficas e a ciência de hoje. Verifica-se que a interpretação ortodoxa da mecânica quântica – tomada a partir dos textos de Bohr – esta profundamente marcada por tendências agnósticas e idealistas. Em particular, conclui-se que Bohr antepõe, como condição de possibilidade, uma correlação entre objecto e instrumento de medida que e, no fundo – para além de um limite epistemológico inultrapassável –, a negação da independência ontológica do ser face a pratica (do ente quântico face a experiencia): trata-se de um “idealismo da praxis”. Conclui-se que Bohr não pode resolver o problema central da mecânica quântica, o dualismo onda-corpúsculo, porque não considerou dialecticamente a unidade e a contradição do ser, acabando por “desmaterializar” a teoria, negando assim a teoria científica como reflexo aproximadamente verdadeiro da realidade objectiva – o que é uma condição de cientificidade.
Lenin expounded and developed a number of aspects of the theory of knowledge in his work Materialism and Empirio-Criticism. In it, the author analyzes the confrontation between materialism and idealism in the science of his time. In particular, he examines what he calls "physical idealism", ie, the tendency of some physicists to interpret in a idealistic fashion the results of a branch of science. Lenin pointed out as one of the reasons for the crisis of physics the denial of the objective value of its theories: "matter disappears, there remain only the equations. The confrontation between these two fundamental philosophical lines, materialism and idealism, remained throughout the ages. To understand the ways that this confrontation takes on science today, to study Materialism and Empirio-Criticism is of utmost importance. For all these reasons, I proceed to a recension of the content of this book. The aim is thus to disclose the main positions of the dialectical materialist theory of knowledge and therefore to better understand the relationship between those philosophical lines and science nowadays. I verify that the orthodox interpretation of quantum mechanics – as it is given by Bohr's writings – is deeply marked by idealistic and agnostic tendencies. In particular, I conclude that Bohr gives the precedency, as a condition of possibility, to a correlation between object and measuring instrument that is, essentially – and beyond being an insurmountable epistemological limit –, the denial of the ontological independence of the being in relation to practice (of the quantum entity in relation to the experience): this is an “idealism of praxis”. I conclude that Bohr could not solve the central problem of quantum mechanics, the wave-corpuscle dualism, because he did not consider the dialectical unity and contradiction of the being, ultimately "dematerializing" the theory, thus denying the scientific theory as a true reflection of objective reality – which is a condition of scientificity.

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Antunes, Paulo Fernando Rocha 1985. "O substrato idealista no programa de filosofia do ensino secundário e nas posteriores orientações". Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/18001.

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Relatório da prática de ensino supervisionada, Mestrado em Ensino de Filosofia no Secundário, Universidade de Lisboa, 2014
O Relatório de Prática de Ensino Supervisionada procurará, a um primeiro tempo, surpreender um substrato dominante, embora latente, no Programa de Filosofia do Ensino Secundário, confirmado pelas posteriores Orientações. Como o título indica, tal substrato sobressairá como idealista. Esta primeira parte, guardada para a anunciada investigação crítica, arrepiará caminho através da chamada “questão fundamental da filosofia”, das teses sobre a chamada “terceira via”, e por intermédio de um posicionamento adverso – materialista. Buscar-se-á, então, relevar as principais consequências derivadas de um tal substrato idealista (de um matiz ético-performativo) e a importância de um outro posicionamento face à realidade. Na segunda parte, o Relatório procurará refletir a prática de estágio dado o contexto programático e escolar, destacando a subunidade que versa sobre o Conhecimento (René Descartes). Visa uma prática e reflexão que dimana das laborações contidas na primeira parte, isto é, não deixando de se espelhar nas aulas. E procura, num momento final, destacar a importância do ensino da Filosofia no Ensino Secundário como corolário consequente de uma tal reflexão ao longo da investigação. Palavras-chave Idealismo; Materialismo; Práxis; Epistemologia; Educação
The Report of Supervised Teaching Practice endeavors, firstly, to come upon a latent but dominant substrate of the Philosophy Program for Secondary Education, confirmed by subsequent guidelines. As the title indicates, this substrate emerges as idealistic. This first part, left for the critical research announced, will make way through the so-called “fundamental question of philosophy”, through theses on the so-called “third way”, and through an adverse position – a materialistic one. We will then try to identify the main consequences of such an idealistic substrate (of an ethical-performative hue) and the importance of having a different positioning in view of the reality. In the second part, the report will seek to mirror the Practice, given its programmatic stage and school context, highlighting the subunit on the Knowledge (René Descartes). It aims at a practice and reflection that emanates from what is worked upon in the first part, but always being mirrored in the lessons. Finally, it seeks to highlight the importance of teaching Philosophy in Secondary Education as a consequent corollary of such a reflection throughout the research. Keywords Idealism; Materialism;

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