Bibliografias temáticas / Masks – Mali

Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Masks – Mali"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 25 de julho de 2024

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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Masks – Mali"

Bontadi, Jarno, e Mauro Bernabei. "Inside the Dogon Masks: The Selection of Woods for Ritual Objects". IAWA Journal 37, n.º 1 (1 de março de 2016): 84–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-20160122.

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At the foot of the Bandiagara cliffs in Mali lives one of the most studied and yet most mysterious ethnic groups of West Africa, the Dogon. According to their religion, masks have a key role in traditional rites, since they are the link between the earthly and the divine. The production and maintenance of such important tools have precise rules handed down by the Dogon secret society called Awa. Fifteen traditional Dogon masks were studied to ascertain the wood species selected to carve them. The analysis shows the occasional use of marula (Sclerocarya birrea, 3 masks) and African grape (Lannea spec., 2 masks) and a preference for ceiba (Ceiba pentandra, 10 masks), a tree revered as sacred by the Dogon. The results suggest potential implications concerning the use of trees and woods in Dogon tradition.

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Charry, Eric, Pierre Bois, Francois Grund e Judith Crews. "Mali: The Dogon. Music of the Masks and the Funeral Rituals". Yearbook for Traditional Music 32 (2000): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3185280.

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Mary Jo Arnoldi. "Masks, Puppets and Masquerades: Reflections on Field Research in Mali; 1978–1980". Mande Studies 20 (2018): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/mande.20.1.10.

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Arnoldi, Mary Jo. "Puppet Theatre: Form and Ideology in Bamana Performances". Empirical Studies of the Arts 4, n.º 2 (julho de 1986): 131–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/en7j-51hl-1y3d-72vd.

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The Bamana living in the Segu region in central Mali carve a range of masks and puppets for specific performance contexts. These sculptures are related to and must be interpreted in light of the community's definition of the event for which they were created. This study examines a category of sculptures which are produced for youth puppet theatre. It compares these sculptures to a second category of masks which are produced for men's initiation associations and relates both categories to the definition of their respective performance events. It then analyzes the social identity of the actors in youth theatre and the ideology which organizes the import of the puppet theatre in these communities.

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VANYUKOVA, Darya. "2022 Expedition to Mali". Oriental Courier, n.º 1 (2022): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s268684310021414-3.

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The 2022 field season (January 23 – February 23) turned out to be very productive: we managed to clarify the history of Dogon migrations from the Mande Country to the Bandiagara Highlands. We received quite complete information on the prophet Abirɛ, who predicted the return of Dogon to their historical homeland and completely new information about Bozo and Bambara puppets. Finally, we acquired many interesting artifacts for the State Museum of Oriental Arts. Due to the inability to arrive to the Dogon Country, it was decided to focus on the area of the city of Bougouni (Sikasso region) in southern Mali and on the Mande Country (regions of Koulikoro and Kayes, from the city of Kangaba in the west to Bamako in the east). Two magnificent, beautifully attributed works of traditional Bambara art were acquired in Bougouni for the collection of the State Museum of Oriental Arts: “Monkey” (Warabilen) and “Wild buffalo” (Sigi; Sigifin) masks. During the expedition, new and very significant data were obtained on the migrations of the Dogon from the Mande Country to the Bandiagara Highlands. A lot of information has now been accumulated regarding how the Dogon came to their new homeland. They were published, including in Russian. But the Manding oral traditions about the exodus of Dogon are still little known. We have partially succeeded in making up for this shortcoming. Oral historical traditions about the exodus of the Dogon from the Mande Country are changeable, internally contradictory and extremely unstable narratives with confused chronology, filled with omissions and vague allusions. However, some conclusions can still be drawn: there is almost no doubt that the root cause of the Dogon leaving for the lifeless rocks of Bandiagara was some kind of difficult and bloody conflict, accompanied by numerous victims. It is also clear that there were several waves of resettlement, and the last Dogon left for the highlands in the middle of the second half of the 19th century. It was also possible to find out that the Bambara and Bozo puppets are not at all a secularized popular theater. The puppet society is associated with the Koré secret society, and is perhaps one of the most powerful Bambara societies, which in this case refers to three ethnic groups: the Bambara proper, the Bozo (Dogon partners in a marriage-prohibitive joking relations) and the Marka (Soninké). Ceremonies involving puppets are completely sacred (only members of the Society take part in them), semi-sacred (only men take part in them), and, finally, publicly available — everyone, including women and children, takes part in them.

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Den Otter, Elisabeth. "The Legend of Biton and Faaro: A Reinterpretation of a Creation Myth from the Epic of Bamana Segu Performed with Puppets and Masks in Mali". AOQU (Achilles Orlando Quixote Ulysses). Rivista di epica 4, n.º 2 (30 de dezembro de 2023): 121–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.54103/2724-3346/22202.

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This contribution calls attention to Malian masquerades that reinterpret narrative material drawn from the epic of Bamana Segu through puppets and masks. After providing a general overview of African puppetry, the essay zooms in specifically on the Malian village of Kirango, located on the bank of the Niger River about 35 kilometers northeast of the city of Ségou. The inhabitants of this village (Bamana farmers and Bozo fishermen) celebrate masquerades in which puppets and masks are made to dance by puppeteers whose performance is accompanied by drum-mers and singers. In this context, no difference is made between puppets and masks: both are called sogo (‘animal’), because many of them represent animals such as the hippopotamus, the crocodile, various types of fish (Bozo), antelopes and the buffalo (Bamana). The essay then introduces two characters from the epic of Bamana Segu, Faaro (water spirit and creator god) and Biton (Mamari Coulibaly, a historical Bamana king who, according to a widespread legend, acquired power with the help of Faaro); and it goes on to discuss Faaro’s role in Bozo and Bamana masquerades and explain how a 2009 Bozo performance recreated the legend of Faaro and Biton. The final sections of the essay reflect on the masquerades’ significance with respect to collective memory and cultural identity as well as their possible evolution in the future.

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Zavyalova, Olga Yu. "Tradition and Literature (Culture of Laughter of Mali and Guinea)". Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, n.º 4 (2021): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080016046-7.

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This article continues the topic of the previous one [Zavyalova, Kutsenkov, 2020]. It reveals how great is the role of humor in the cultures of West Africa, where it manifests itself in various spheres of life of its peoples. The Kɔ̀tɛba Folk Theater in Mali and Guinea is another traditional aspect of humor based on satire. The secret society of Kɔ̀rɛduga “jesters” is characteristic of the traditional cultures of Manden. The Dogon have guardians of brussa, alamonyou, who play the role of clowns during the release of masks, and female jesters yayeré, who are wives of the inhabitants of a given village, originating from other villages. The Manden and Dogon humor permeates all spheres of the traditional way of life, and it plays one of fundamental roles in the manner of communication, in the theater and in oral literature. Thus, satire is aimed either at resolving possible conflicts in the absence of mutual understanding between representatives of various social, age and other groups, at resolving conflicts associated with violation of etiquette. All satirical folklore genres function on this basis. Fairy tales and anecdotes ridicule violations of the norms of etiquette inherent in this particular culture. The folk theater touches on topical, actual violations of traditional norms of behavior. In conclusion, the authors note that humor is one of the foundations of the “virtual” reality of the culture created by these societies. When such regulators are violated and their semantic content changes, the whole reality and even the very existence of these peoples will change.

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Diara, Abdourahamane, Tidiane Diallo, Sanou Khô Coulibaly, Alamine Alassane dit Papa Tourè, Hinde Hami, Abdelmajid Soulaymani e Ababacar Maïga. "Knowledge, attitudes and practices of market gardeners toward pesticide use in Bamako, Mali". E3S Web of Conferences 319 (2021): 02015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131902015.

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Introduction: Pesticides are used in market gardening to meet growing consumer demand and achieve economically viable production levels. These products inevitably leave residues that could harm human health and the environment if misused. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of market gardeners toward pesticide use in Bamako. Methods: This was a prospective study conducted among 120 market gardeners randomly sampled in the district of Bamako. Results: According to the results, 56.7% of market gardeners did not have a diploma and 84% said they never read the instructions for safe use. The personal protective equipment used were: masks (58%), gloves (18%), boots (8%), safety glasses (3%) and coveralls (1%). Empty pesticide packaging, in general, is discarded in the environment (35%). Headache and flu-like symptoms (fever, runny nose, tired) were the most cited symptoms after crop treatment (29% and 27%, respectively). After suspected poisoning, market gardeners took milk in 17% of cases. Conclusion: Pesticides can cause health and environmental risks. To stem this, the use of these products must be done in accordance with good agricultural practices in order to protect the health of market gardeners and ensure the protection of the environment.

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Завьялова, О. Ю. "Марионетки и их связь с духами (Мали) / Puppets and Their Relations with Spirits (Mali)". Вестник антропологии (Herald of Anthropology), n.º 2024 № 2 (junho de 2024): 170–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.33876/2311-0546/2024-2/170-185.

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Традиция марионеток — одна из самых популярных в Мали, причем у представителей многих народов. Это живая традиция, которая является основой самоидентификации для бамана, бозо и других, как говорят сами информанты. Данная статья написана на основе бесед с известным малийским марионеточником Яя Кулибали. Марионетки Кулибали радуют всех людей, однако, основная их задача радовать духов, в частности духов воды фаро. Именно поэтому марионетки чаще всего выступают у народа рыбаков бозо, которые более других связаны с водой. Изготовление марионеток также требует исполнения определенных ритуалов, традиционно они изготавливались из конкретных видов деревьев. Внутри «костюма» марионетки могут скрываться от одного до трех кукловодов, которые манипулируют стержнями куклы. Как и о любой такого рода традиции о происхождении марионеток существуют легенды, и все они говорят о том, что люди получили знания об этом искусстве от духов. Сами марионетки бывают нескольких видов: от струнных до стержневых, разного размера; соответственно, у них всех разная роль и разные выходы. Марионетки используются как для развлечения, так и для сакральных целей. Представления марионеток называющееся sogobɔ — ритуал начала сезона дождей и жертвоприношение духам фаро, но марионетки также участвуют и в ритуалах секретных мужских союзов — это Cɛko. Представления марионеток (как и представления масок, как и другие традиционные представления) делятся на три части по степени сакральности: первая часть доступна для всех зрителей, третья же только для узкого круга посвященных. Связь людей с духами не нарушается даже в угоду исламу, так как праздники, особенно такие как выходы марионеток и масок, сами по себе являются жертвоприношением для духов. The puppet tradition is one of the most popular in Mali. This is a living tradition, which self-identification of Bamana and Bozo peoples is based, according to the informants themselves. This article is based on conversations with the famous Malian puppet master Yaya Сoulibaly. His marionettes delight all people, however, their main task is to please the spirits, in particular faro — the spirits of the water. That is why puppets are most often performed among the Bozo fishermen, who have a closer connection with water than others. Making puppets also requires the certain rituals: traditionally they were made from specific types of wood. As with any tradition of this kind, there are legends about the origin of marionettes, and according to all of them people received this art from spirits. There are several types of puppets themselves, from string marionettes to rod ones, and all of them have different roles and performances. Puppets are used for both entertainment and sacred purposes. The marionettes performance called sogobɔ is the ritual of the beginning of the rainy season and the sacrifice to the faro spirits, but marionettes also participate in the rituals of secret male unions (Cɛko). Puppet performances are divided into three parts according to the degree of sacredness: the first part is accessible to all spectators, while the third is only for a narrow circle of initiates. The connection between people and spirits is not broken even for the sake of Islam, since holidays, especially such as the appearances of puppets and masks, are themselves sacrifices for spirits.

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Sikimić, Milica, e Bojan Vujanović. "Bosnia and Herzegovina’s Peacekeepers on African Soil during COVID-19 : Procedures, Challenges, Lessons". Journal of Central and Eastern European African Studies 2, n.º 4 (2022): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.59569/jceeas.2022.2.4.124.

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Active United Nation missions on African soil are: MINURSO in Western Sahara, UNMISS in South Sudan, MINUSMA in Mali, MONUSCO in Democratic Republic of the Congo, MINUSCA in Central African Republic and UNISFA in Abyei. Peacekeeping has always been highly dynamic and has evolved in the face of new issues. But, in addition to the challenges they face while assisting host countries on the difficult path from conflict to peace, peacekeepers have recently had to deal with procedures and obstacles caused by the global COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the article is to investigate the performance of everyday tasks in the COVID-19 era with an emphasis on issues related to the availability of basic supplies for UN peacekeepers, personal protective equipment, medical services, welfare, travel restrictions, and connections with the resident population in Africa. In this paper, we will present the results of qualitative research (in-depth interviews) on the experiences of UN staff from Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) who served in the mission in South Sudan (UNMISS), in the period 2020-2022. In anticipation of malaria, typhoid, hepatitis, salmonella, etc., the peacekeepers faced a new unknown disease, a shortage of medicines, they had no access to hospitals, and personal protective masks were made from their underwear. In some areas the local population believed that COVID19 was a “mysterious disease” brought and spread by peacekeepers and this fact shed new light on (non)cooperation with UN staff. Apart from the UN, the mission staff were (not) provided with support and assistance in various ways by the countries which they came from.

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Mais fontes

Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Masks – Mali"

Devineau, Camille. "En présence des génies : musique, danse et joie rituelles dans la performance des Masques Blancs chez les Bwaba du Burkina Faso". Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100162.

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Le fonctionnement du rituel de la danse des masques blancs chez les Bwaba du Burkina Faso est sous-tendu par l’articulation de trois modes d’expression (musical, dansé et émotionnel) qui mettent en forme son enjeu principal : rendre manifeste une relation entre humains et génies. Bien que rattaché au culte principal des Bwaba, le do, c’est son affiliation au groupe des griots et le lien qui y est développé avec les génies qui priment. En offrant un espace intermédiaire d’interaction entre les dimensions du visible et de l’invisible, ce rituel rend perceptibles certains aspects de la relation qu’entretiennent les griots avec les génies. En mettant conjointement en œuvre les systèmes musicaux et dansés auxquels sont adjoints plusieurs types de manifestations émotionnelles de joie stipulées par le rituel, les participants peuvent faire l’expérience de la présence et de l’implication bienveillante des génies dans le rituel. Tandis que la musique ancre le rituel dans la dimension visible, la danse masquée permet l’intrusion de l’invisible dans la dimension visible des humains. Pour sa part, l’expression émotionnelle de joie garantit l’aspect bienveillant, recherché dans ce rituel, de la relation entre humains et génies. Musique, danse et expressions émotionnelles forment alors un ensemble qui garantit la réussite plus ou moins grande d’une danse de masques blancs par un ressenti concret
The interplay of three expressive modes (music, dance and emotional display) underlie the workings of the White Mask dance ritual among the Bwaba people of Burkina Faso, giving shape to its main concern which is to make manifest a relationship between humans and bush spirits. Although tied to the principal Bwaba cult of the do, it is this ritual’s close association with griots and the connection with bush spirits that it puts into effect counts the most. By providing an intermediary space allowing for interactions between visible and invisible realms, this ritual renders certain aspects of the relationship between griots and bush spirits perceptible. By jointly implementing musical and dance forms, as well as a number of stipulated expressions of delight, White Mask performances allow participants to experience bush spirits’ presence and their benevolent involvement. While music anchors the ritual in the visible realm, the masked dance allows the invisible to intrude into the visible, human one. As for expressions of delight, they bear witness to the benevolent nature of the relationship between humans and bush spirits that this ritual seeks to bring about. Music, dance and emotional expression, then, compose a totality whereby the greater or lesser success of a White Mask performance can be appreciated in terms of concrete feelings

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Kempka, Martin. "Improved mass accuracy in MALDI-TOF-MS analysis". Licentiate thesis, Stockholm : Division of Analytical Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-313.

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Rodrigues, Lívia Riberti 1988. "Análise de impurezas de formas farmacêuticas sólidas por MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging (MALDI-MSI)". [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/312437.

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Orientador: Rodrigo Ramos Catharino
Texto em português e inglês
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T05:33:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigues_LiviaRiberti_M.pdf: 1203619 bytes, checksum: a17baf81fa013532bd6c9d451b2336f2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Resumo: Atualmente, as doenças cardiovasculares constituem uma das primeiras causas de mortes no Brasil e no mundo. Neste cenário, as estatinas constituem uma notável classe de medicamentos redutores de colesterol e têm sido associadas com uma expressiva diminuição da morbidade e mortalidade cardiovascular para pacientes em prevenção primária ou secundária da doença coronariana. Elas agem inibindo competitivamente a enzima HMG-CoA redutase, através da afinidade destes fármacos pelo sítio ativo da enzima. Esta enzima é responsável por catalisar a conversão do substrato HMG-CoA em mevalonato, um dos precursores do colesterol. A crescente necessidade e busca por medicamentos cada vez mais efetivos traz a preocupação na segurança destes produtos para seus usuários. Neste sentido, o conhecimento das impurezas e produtos de degradação torna-se necessário para garantir sua qualidade. Uma técnica muito utilizada para análises de impurezas e degradantes é a espectrometria de massas, pois é uma técnica sensível e seletiva e permite elucidar as estruturas químicas presentes na formulação do medicamento. Sendo assim, amostras de Atorvastatina cálcica foram analisadas pela técnica de espectrometria de massas por imagem (MALDI-MSI), permitindo a quantificação de impurezas do medicamento através da imagem da distribuição dessa impureza no comprimido. Dessa forma, é possível minimizar o preparo de amostra e obter um melhor conhecimento da formulação
Abstract: Currently, cardiovascular diseases constitute one of the first causes of deaths in Brazil and in the world. In this scenario, the statins are a notable class of medicines and cholesterol reducers have been associated with a significant reduction in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality for patients in primary or secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. They act by inhibiting competitively the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase, through the affinity of these drugs by the active site of the enzyme. This enzyme is responsible for catalyzing the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate substrate, one of the precursors of cholesterol. The growing need and search for increasingly effective drugs brings the concern on the safety of these drugs for their users. In this sense, the knowledge of the impurities and degradation products becomes necessary to ensure their quality. A widely used technique for analysis of impurities and degrading is mass spectrometry, because it is a sensitive and selective technique and allows elucidating the chemical structures of the present formulation of the medicinal product. Thus, samples of Atorvastatin calcium were analyzed by the technique of mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI), which allows the quantification of impurities from the medicine through the image of the distribution of impurity in the tablet. That way, it is possible minimize sample preparation and get a better understanding of the formulation
Mestrado
Ciencias Biomedicas
Mestra em Ciências Médicas

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Grace, Philip Barry. "The detection and determination of saccharides by mass spectrometric methods". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287374.

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uk, siricordcc@yahoo co, e Cornelia Charito Siricord. "Detection of Phytophthora species by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry". Murdoch University, 2005. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20070717.125452.

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Phytophthora diseases have caused worldwide economic, social and environmental impacts for decades. Once their presence is confirmed, they are difficult to eradicate. To reduce and manage the damage inflicted by the pathogen, fast and reliable disease management protocols are required. Tests that enable the rapid and reliable identification of the pathogen assist greatly in disease management. Phytophthora species are traditionally not only detected by baiting but also by plating of symptomatic tissue on selective media. Species can be identified by the characteristics of the mycelium growing out of the bait. However, the method is low throughput, labour intensive, and prone to false negatives. An alternative approach would be to detect the pathogen by the presence of its DNA. This involves amplification of the pathogen DNA using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and detection of the amplification product. Detection is usually by agarose gel electrophoresis. However, this is also a labour intensive process involving pouring, loading, running, and staining of the gels. The aim of this thesis is to explore the use of Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/ Ionisation Time-of-Flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry for detection of PCR products. This procedure enables the analysis of large numbers of samples within a very short time-frame as the average time for analysis of each sample is in the order of milliseconds. The assay involves annealing an extension (genotyping) primer to the PCR product and its extension by a single nucleotide. The nature of the nucleotide added differentiates species as does the site to which the primer anneals. Multiple extension (genotyping) primers can be used together in a single reaction for detection of multiple species. In this project four genotyping primers (GPs) were designed from the ITS regions of Phytophthora palmivora, Phytophthora cinnamomi, Phytophthora citricola, and Phytophthora cambivora. The extension primers were tested for their specificity on the DNA of the target species. The four primers designed were specific for their intended targets except for GPpalm3 which in addition to being extended by ddT when tested with DNA from P. palmivora, was also extended by ddC when tested with DNA from other species of Phytophthora or Pythium. These primers were also tested for their ability to detect multiple Phytophthora species in a single reaction (multiplexing). Mixtures of primers were added to mixed DNA templates and the primer extension reaction carried out. The primers were designed so that their masses were sufficiently different for them to be identified from a mixture. Six replicates were analysed for each reaction. In general only about 1-3 of the six replicates gave a positive reaction. This indicates that there may be some interference between primers, or that the presence of all four nucleotides interfered with the primer extension reaction. Increasing either the amount of enzyme, the amount of nucleotides or both did not improve the results. The sensitivity of detection was tested by the addition of different amounts of mycelium to soil. The detection sensitivity depended on the primer pair used for PCR amplification. The ITS1/2 primer pair was more sensitive than the ITS1/4 pair. The limit of detection was 1 ìg mycelium g soil-1. However using nested PCR, levels of sensitivity comparable to those obtained using the ITS1/2 primer pair could be achieved. Primers to other regions of the genome such as the beta cinnamomin elicitin gene gave very low levels of sensitivity compared to the ITS primers. In comparison with DNA detection we found that the limit of detection using baiting was 4 ìg mycelium g soil-1. Results below this limit were unreliable. The method suffered from the additional disadvantage that it took a long time in comparison to DNA detection. DNA detection methods do not distinguish between living and dead organisms in the soil. However it can be hypothesised that DNA is unlikely to persist for any significant length of time in soil. To test this, we added plasmid DNA to soil and tested the persistence of this DNA using a variety of methods such as precipitation of labelled DNA, southern blotting and PCR amplification. It was found that in general, in soils from different ecosystems, the bulk of the DNA was undetectable after 24 hours. The rate of DNA breakdown differed with the soil type. In some soils, the added DNA was not detected even after 2 hours, whereas in others it could be observed after 10 hours. The detection depended on the method. Southern blotting showed that although DNA could be observed at 10 hours, by 24 hours it was completely degraded. In contrast a PCR product could be obtained from the soil extracts up to 24 hours. In a separate experiment, plasmid DNA was detectable over a 24 hour incubation period in 5 soil samples from 5 different sites. The results suggest that DNA is degraded rapidly in soil and is unlikely to persist longer than 24 hours. The results in this thesis demonstrate that MALDI-TOF MS is a suitable alternative to agarose gel electrophoresis for analysis of PCR products. The technique is rapid, differentiates species from mixtures, is high-throughput and amenable to automation. Implementation will require further research to automate the primer extension assay to reduce the sensitivity to impurities in the DNA and to design parameters for sampling asymptomatic material.

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Wyatt, Mark Francis. "Analysis of acrylic polymers by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry". Thesis, Durham University, 2001. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3962/.

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Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) homopolymers synthesised using 'classical' anionic methods and subsequently studied by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) are discussed. Specifically, the attempts at different end-group functionalisation reactions, their varying degrees of success, and the characterisation of these functionalized polymers via MALDI are reported. Extra peaks were observed in the spectra of samples containing a tertiary amine end-group. A mechanism for the in situ elimination of H(_2)(g) involving these end-groups, which would fit the observations, is proposed. Two alternative, 'non-classical' routes to the desired materials were investigated, as difficulties in successfully performing capping reactions to give end functionalised PMMA were noted. The first method was a variation of standard anionic polymerisation that involved the use of lithium silanolates, which could be performed at a higher temperature than normal. The second was a controlled free-radical technique known as Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT). A lack of control of the polymerisation to the desired degree was observed with the former method. A well-defined RAFT sample was observed to undergo in situ eliminadon also, for which a mechanism involving the dithioester end-group is proposed, and which is supported by MALDI-collision induced dissociation (CID) evidence. The synthesis of block copolymers of various compositions of MMA with r-butyl methacrylate (t-BMA) and hexyl methacrylate (HMA), along with their homopolymers, and their subsequent characterisation is reported. PHMA was analysed easily, in contrast to Pt-BMA. Only copolymers with a high PMMA content were analysed successfully and this has been rationalised in terms of the factors that affect cationisation. The characterisation of equimolar blends of various end-functionalised PMMA samples is reported also. Samples that favour the binding of a metal ion over protonation appear to have a higher ion yield. Once more, these observations are rationalised in terms of the factors that affect cationisation.

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Siricord, Cornelia Charito. "Detection of Phytophthora species by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry". Thesis, Siricord, Cornelia Charito (2005) Detection of Phytophthora species by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2005. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/314/.

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Phytophthora diseases have caused worldwide economic, social and environmental impacts for decades. Once their presence is confirmed, they are difficult to eradicate. To reduce and manage the damage inflicted by the pathogen, fast and reliable disease management protocols are required. Tests that enable the rapid and reliable identification of the pathogen assist greatly in disease management. Phytophthora species are traditionally not only detected by baiting but also by plating of symptomatic tissue on selective media. Species can be identified by the characteristics of the mycelium growing out of the bait. However, the method is low throughput, labour intensive, and prone to false negatives. An alternative approach would be to detect the pathogen by the presence of its DNA. This involves amplification of the pathogen DNA using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and detection of the amplification product. Detection is usually by agarose gel electrophoresis. However, this is also a labour intensive process involving pouring, loading, running, and staining of the gels. The aim of this thesis is to explore the use of Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/ Ionisation Time-of-Flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry for detection of PCR products. This procedure enables the analysis of large numbers of samples within a very short time-frame as the average time for analysis of each sample is in the order of milliseconds. The assay involves annealing an extension (genotyping) primer to the PCR product and its extension by a single nucleotide. The nature of the nucleotide added differentiates species as does the site to which the primer anneals. Multiple extension (genotyping) primers can be used together in a single reaction for detection of multiple species. In this project four genotyping primers (GPs) were designed from the ITS regions of Phytophthora palmivora, Phytophthora cinnamomi, Phytophthora citricola, and Phytophthora cambivora. The extension primers were tested for their specificity on the DNA of the target species. The four primers designed were specific for their intended targets except for GPpalm3 which in addition to being extended by ddT when tested with DNA from P. palmivora, was also extended by ddC when tested with DNA from other species of Phytophthora or Pythium. These primers were also tested for their ability to detect multiple Phytophthora species in a single reaction (multiplexing). Mixtures of primers were added to mixed DNA templates and the primer extension reaction carried out. The primers were designed so that their masses were sufficiently different for them to be identified from a mixture. Six replicates were analysed for each reaction. In general only about 1-3 of the six replicates gave a positive reaction. This indicates that there may be some interference between primers, or that the presence of all four nucleotides interfered with the primer extension reaction. Increasing either the amount of enzyme, the amount of nucleotides or both did not improve the results. The sensitivity of detection was tested by the addition of different amounts of mycelium to soil. The detection sensitivity depended on the primer pair used for PCR amplification. The ITS1/2 primer pair was more sensitive than the ITS1/4 pair. The limit of detection was 1 mcg mycelium g soil-1. However using nested PCR, levels of sensitivity comparable to those obtained using the ITS1/2 primer pair could be achieved. Primers to other regions of the genome such as the beta cinnamomin elicitin gene gave very low levels of sensitivity compared to the ITS primers. In comparison with DNA detection we found that the limit of detection using baiting was 4 mcg mycelium g soil-1. Results below this limit were unreliable. The method suffered from the additional disadvantage that it took a long time in comparison to DNA detection. DNA detection methods do not distinguish between living and dead organisms in the soil. However it can be hypothesised that DNA is unlikely to persist for any significant length of time in soil. To test this, we added plasmid DNA to soil and tested the persistence of this DNA using a variety of methods such as precipitation of labelled DNA, southern blotting and PCR amplification. It was found that in general, in soils from different ecosystems, the bulk of the DNA was undetectable after 24 hours. The rate of DNA breakdown differed with the soil type. In some soils, the added DNA was not detected even after 2 hours, whereas in others it could be observed after 10 hours. The detection depended on the method. Southern blotting showed that although DNA could be observed at 10 hours, by 24 hours it was completely degraded. In contrast a PCR product could be obtained from the soil extracts up to 24 hours. In a separate experiment, plasmid DNA was detectable over a 24 hour incubation period in 5 soil samples from 5 different sites. The results suggest that DNA is degraded rapidly in soil and is unlikely to persist longer than 24 hours. The results in this thesis demonstrate that MALDI-TOF MS is a suitable alternative to agarose gel electrophoresis for analysis of PCR products. The technique is rapid, differentiates species from mixtures, is high-throughput and amenable to automation. Implementation will require further research to automate the primer extension assay to reduce the sensitivity to impurities in the DNA and to design parameters for sampling asymptomatic material.

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Siricord, Cornelia Charito. "Detection of Phytophthora species by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry". Siricord, Cornelia Charito (2005) Detection of Phytophthora species by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2005. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/314/.

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Phytophthora diseases have caused worldwide economic, social and environmental impacts for decades. Once their presence is confirmed, they are difficult to eradicate. To reduce and manage the damage inflicted by the pathogen, fast and reliable disease management protocols are required. Tests that enable the rapid and reliable identification of the pathogen assist greatly in disease management. Phytophthora species are traditionally not only detected by baiting but also by plating of symptomatic tissue on selective media. Species can be identified by the characteristics of the mycelium growing out of the bait. However, the method is low throughput, labour intensive, and prone to false negatives. An alternative approach would be to detect the pathogen by the presence of its DNA. This involves amplification of the pathogen DNA using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and detection of the amplification product. Detection is usually by agarose gel electrophoresis. However, this is also a labour intensive process involving pouring, loading, running, and staining of the gels. The aim of this thesis is to explore the use of Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/ Ionisation Time-of-Flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry for detection of PCR products. This procedure enables the analysis of large numbers of samples within a very short time-frame as the average time for analysis of each sample is in the order of milliseconds. The assay involves annealing an extension (genotyping) primer to the PCR product and its extension by a single nucleotide. The nature of the nucleotide added differentiates species as does the site to which the primer anneals. Multiple extension (genotyping) primers can be used together in a single reaction for detection of multiple species. In this project four genotyping primers (GPs) were designed from the ITS regions of Phytophthora palmivora, Phytophthora cinnamomi, Phytophthora citricola, and Phytophthora cambivora. The extension primers were tested for their specificity on the DNA of the target species. The four primers designed were specific for their intended targets except for GPpalm3 which in addition to being extended by ddT when tested with DNA from P. palmivora, was also extended by ddC when tested with DNA from other species of Phytophthora or Pythium. These primers were also tested for their ability to detect multiple Phytophthora species in a single reaction (multiplexing). Mixtures of primers were added to mixed DNA templates and the primer extension reaction carried out. The primers were designed so that their masses were sufficiently different for them to be identified from a mixture. Six replicates were analysed for each reaction. In general only about 1-3 of the six replicates gave a positive reaction. This indicates that there may be some interference between primers, or that the presence of all four nucleotides interfered with the primer extension reaction. Increasing either the amount of enzyme, the amount of nucleotides or both did not improve the results. The sensitivity of detection was tested by the addition of different amounts of mycelium to soil. The detection sensitivity depended on the primer pair used for PCR amplification. The ITS1/2 primer pair was more sensitive than the ITS1/4 pair. The limit of detection was 1 mcg mycelium g soil-1. However using nested PCR, levels of sensitivity comparable to those obtained using the ITS1/2 primer pair could be achieved. Primers to other regions of the genome such as the beta cinnamomin elicitin gene gave very low levels of sensitivity compared to the ITS primers. In comparison with DNA detection we found that the limit of detection using baiting was 4 mcg mycelium g soil-1. Results below this limit were unreliable. The method suffered from the additional disadvantage that it took a long time in comparison to DNA detection. DNA detection methods do not distinguish between living and dead organisms in the soil. However it can be hypothesised that DNA is unlikely to persist for any significant length of time in soil. To test this, we added plasmid DNA to soil and tested the persistence of this DNA using a variety of methods such as precipitation of labelled DNA, southern blotting and PCR amplification. It was found that in general, in soils from different ecosystems, the bulk of the DNA was undetectable after 24 hours. The rate of DNA breakdown differed with the soil type. In some soils, the added DNA was not detected even after 2 hours, whereas in others it could be observed after 10 hours. The detection depended on the method. Southern blotting showed that although DNA could be observed at 10 hours, by 24 hours it was completely degraded. In contrast a PCR product could be obtained from the soil extracts up to 24 hours. In a separate experiment, plasmid DNA was detectable over a 24 hour incubation period in 5 soil samples from 5 different sites. The results suggest that DNA is degraded rapidly in soil and is unlikely to persist longer than 24 hours. The results in this thesis demonstrate that MALDI-TOF MS is a suitable alternative to agarose gel electrophoresis for analysis of PCR products. The technique is rapid, differentiates species from mixtures, is high-throughput and amenable to automation. Implementation will require further research to automate the primer extension assay to reduce the sensitivity to impurities in the DNA and to design parameters for sampling asymptomatic material.

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Borsani, M. "BIOINFORMATICS APPROACHES TO MALDI-TOF MASS SPECTROMETRY DATA ANALYSIS". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/221050.

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Despite the increasing performance of Mass spectrometry (MS) and others analytical tools, only few biomarkers have been validated and proved to be robust and clinically relevant; indeed a large numbers of proteomic biomarkers have been described, but they are not yet clinical implemented [1]. MALDI-TOF MS seems one of the more powerful tool for biomarkers discovery [2, 3], and shows interesting clinical properties, for instance the possibility to directly search in peripheral fuids for proteins related to an altered physiological state: samples (urine, plasma, serum, etc.) can be collected easily and cheaply by non-invasive, or very low-invasive, methods [4]. The combination of some biomarkers is actually considered more informative than a single biomarker [5, 6], and the improvement in the bioinformatics analysis of MS data could probably help this investigation, decreasing costs and time necessary for each discovery [7]. It is possible to approach the problems related to the analysis of (MALDI-TOF) MS data in two ways, either trying to increase the number of available samples or by reducing the complexity of the problem [8]: in the first case, we developed an approach to compare small datasets from different sources (i.e. hospitals), based on mutual information and mass spectra alignment, that showed significant performance increase compare to the competing ones tested. In the latter case, we developed novel methods and approaches to compare MALDI-TOF MS profiles of normal and Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) patients, with the goal of isolating the more interesting subset of small proteins and peptides from the whole analysed peptidome. MS-based profiling is in fact able to detect differently expressed proteins or peptides during physiological and pathological processes. Every MALDI-TOF MS spectrum, that reports the relative abundance of sample analytes, could be considered as a snapshot of samples peptidome in a definite mass range. The relationship between mass/charge ratio, or m/z, and concentration of detected peptides can be represented by networks. Tumor case and control subjects show different peptidome profiles, due to differences in biomolecular and/or biochemical features of cancer cells: they will show some changes in the networks that describe them. We use graphs to create networks representation of data and to evaluate networks properties. We explore the networks properties comparing cases versus controls datasets, and subdividing cases in the different histological subtypes of RCC, clear cell RCC (ccRCC) and not-ccRCC, using different methods both for networks creation and analysis, and for results evaluation. We identify, for each datasets (controls, ccRCC and not-ccRCC) some interesting mass ranges within which we believe biomarkers signals should be searched. In conclusion, we have developed a set of methods which we believe improve the current computational approaches for the analysis of mass spectrometry data. These results have been published or presented at workshops and conferences.

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DONG, YONGHUI. "Mass spectrometry imaging: looking fruits at molecular level". Doctoral thesis, country:IT, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10449/24270.

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Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a MS-based technique. It provides a way of ascertaining both spatial distribution and relative abundance of a large variety of analytes from various biological sample surfaces. MSI is able to generate distribution maps of multiple analytes simultaneously without any labeling and does not require a prior knowledge of the target analytes, thus it has become an attractive molecular histology tool. MSI has been widely used in medicine and pharmaceutical fields, while its application in plants is recent although information regarding the spatial organization of metabolic processes in plants is of great value for understanding biological questions such as plant development, plant environment interactions, gene function and regulatory processes. The application of MSI to these studies, however, is not straightforward due to the inherent complexity of the technique. In this thesis, the issues of plant sample preparation, surface properties heterogeneity, fast MSI analysis for spatially resolved population studies and data analysis are addressed. More specifically, two MSI approaches, namely matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) imaging and desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) imaging, have been evaluated and compared by mapping the localization of a range of secondary and primary metabolites in apple and grapes, respectively. The work based on MALDI has been focused on the optimization of sample preparation for apple tissues to preserve the true quantitative localization of metabolites and on the development of specific data analysis tool to enhance the chemical identification in untargeted MSI (chapter 3). MALDI imaging allows high-spatial localization analysis of metabolites, but it is not suitable for applications where rapid and high throughput analysis is required when the absolute quantitative information is not necessary as in the case of screening a large number of lines in genomic or plant breeding programs. DESI imaging, in contrast, is suitable for high throughput applications with the potential of obtaining statistically robust results. However, DESI is still in its infancy and there are several fundamental aspects which have to be investigated before using it as a reliable technique in extensive imaging applications. With this in mind, we investigated how DESI imaging can be used to map the distribution of the major organic acids in different grapevine tissue parts, aiming at statistically comparing their distribution differences among various grapevine tissues and gaining insights into their metabolic pathways in grapevine. Our study demonstrated that this class of molecules can be successfully detected in grapevine stem sections, but the surface property differences within the structurally heterogeneous grapevine tissues can strongly affect their semi-quantitative detection in DESI, thereby masking their true distribution. Then we decided to investigate this phenomenon in details, in a series of dedicated imaging studies, and the results have been presented in chapter 4. At the same time, during DESI experiments we have observed the production of the dianions of small dicarboxylates acids. We further studied the mechanism of formation of such species in the ion source proposing the use of doubly charged anions as a possible proxy to visualize the distributions of organic acid salts directly in plant tissues (chapter 5). The structural organization of the PhD thesis is as below: Chapter one and Chapter two describe the general MSI principle, compare the most widely used MSI ion sources, and discuss the current status in MSI data pre-processing and statistical methods. Due to the importance of sample preparation in MSI, sample handling for plant samples is independently reviewed in chapter two, with all the essential steps being fully discussed. The first two chapters describe the comprehensive picture regarding to MSI in plants. Chapter three presents high spatial and high mass resolution MALDI imaging of flavonols and dihydrochalcones in apple. Besides its importance in plant research, our results demonstrate that how data analysis as such Intensity Correlation Analysis could benefit untargeted MSI analysis. Chapter four discusses how sample surface property differences in a structurally/biologically heterogeneous sample affect the quantitative mapping of analytes in the DESI imaging of organic acids in grapevine tissue sections. Chapter five discusses the mechanism of formation of dicarboxylate dianions in DESI and ESI Chapter six summarizes the work in the thesis and discusses the future perspectives.

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Livros sobre o assunto "Masks – Mali"

Walter, Jean-François. La vie religieuse chez les Dogons du Mali: Témoignages recueillis en 1952 : masques pour danses rituelles et peintures rupestres votives. Paris: L'Harmattan, 2016.

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Favreau, Amaëlle. Un art de la fête au Mali: Masques et marionnettes dans le théâtre traditionnel des peuples bamana, malinké et bozo. Paris: École du Louvre, 2014.

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Porta Siegel, Tiffany, ed. MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781839165191.

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Cole, Richard B., ed. Electrospray and MALDI Mass Spectrometry. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470588901.

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Li, Liang, ed. Maldi Mass Spectrometry for Synthetic Polymer Analysis. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470567234.

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Pasch, Harald, e Wolfgang Schrepp. MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry of Synthetic Polymers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05046-0.

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Pasch, Harald. MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry of Synthetic Polymers. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003.

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Liang, Li, ed. MALDI mass spectrometry for synthetic polymers analysis. Hoboken: Wiley, 2010.

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Maiga, Ibrahim Abdoulaye. Politiques environnementales et médias au Mali: Le traitement médiatique de l'information environnementale dans la presse écrite quotidienne d'information générale au Mali (2000-2015). Bamako, Mali: La Sahélienne, 2021.

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Ruggieri, Giuseppe. Questo mondo, il male, l'Apocalisse. Catania: Studio teologico S. Paolo, 2010.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Masks – Mali"

O'Connor, Peter B., Klaus Dreisewerd, Kerstin Strupat e Franz Hillenkamp. "MALDI Mass Spectrometry Instrumentation". In MALDI MS, 41–104. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527335961.ch2.

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Spengler, Bernhard. "MALDI-Mass Spectrometry Imaging". In MALDI MS, 133–67. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527335961.ch4.

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Goto-Inoue, Naoko, Takao Taki e Mitsutoshi Setou. "TLC-Blot-MALDI-IMS". In Imaging Mass Spectrometry, 169–77. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-09425-8_13.

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Cohen, Lucinda H., Fangbiao Li, Eden P. Go e Gary Siuzdak. "Small-Molecule Desorption/Ionization Mass Analysis". In MALDI MS, 367–409. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527335961.ch9.

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Lagarrigue, Mélanie, Mira Merdas e Charles Pineau. "Chapter 16. MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging for Toxicological Evaluation of Environmental Pollutants". In MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging, 387–407. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781839165191-00387.

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Cillero-Pastor, Berta, e Eva Cuypers. "Chapter 5. Sample Preparation of Biological Tissues for MALDI-MSI". In MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging, 87–104. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781839165191-00087.

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Marchetti-Deschmann, Martina. "Chapter 19. Correlative Multimodal Mass Spectometry Imaging – Imaging Across the Scales". In MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging, 457–76. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781839165191-00457.

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Porter, Jacob E., e Laura M. Sanchez. "Chapter 13. MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging for Microbiology". In MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging, 291–320. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781839165191-00291.

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Soltwisch, Jens. "Chapter 3. Instrumentation for MALDI-MSI – Part I Ionization Sources and Design". In MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging, 39–58. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781839165191-00039.

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Campbell, Anahit, e Jonathan Stauber. "Chapter 6. Quantitative MSI: A Review of Biomarker and Drug Quantifications Using Mass Spectrometry Imaging". In MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging, 105–30. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781839165191-00105.

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Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Masks – Mali"

Berezinskaya, I. S., S. A. Nagorniy, А. V. Aleshukina e I. B. Martyusheva. "MODIFICATIONS OF THE ASCARIS IDENTIFICATION METHOD BASED ON MASS SPECTROMETRY". In THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL. All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Fundamental and Applied Parasitology of Animals and Plant – a branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Centre VIEV”, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6048555-6-0.2023.24.78-84.

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Currently, the diagnosis of helminthic diseases is based on microscopic observation of various stages of parasites, but microscopy is subjective and directly related to the competence of the researcher. Against this backdrop, researchers have described laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) as a potential innovative proteomic analysis tool for helminth identification and differentiation. The purpose of the research is to search for alternative consumables (lysis buffers) in connection with import substitution. For the study, the head ends of Ascaris lumbricoides, male and female (5 specimens each) were taken. The comparative protein profile of the ascarids by mass/charge ratio in the Flex analysis program revealed similar graphs of the head parts of the askaris (male and female) processed with lysis buffer from the Sepsityper Kit 50 and with buffer from the PCR kit. The results of the study show the possibility of species differentiation of nematodes using the MALDI-TOF MS method. Coincidences of informational data were found, which makes it possible to subsequently replace the lysis buffers. New approaches have been studied for more thorough processing of spectra and their visualization using the MALDI Biotyper software. The probability of replacing the lysis buffer from the Sepsityper Kit 50 with the lysis buffer used in PCR was shown.

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Puapaiboon, Uraiwan, Jaran Jai-nhuknan e James A. Cowan. "Exonuclease reactivity using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry". In BiOS 2000 The International Symposium on Biomedical Optics, editado por Darryl J. Bornhop e Kai Licha. SPIE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.384247.

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Ding, Li, Eizoh Kawatoh, Koichi Tanaka, Alan J. Smith e Sumio Kumashiro. "High-efficiency MALDI-QIT-ToF mass spectrometer". In SPIE's International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation, editado por Eric Munro. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.370125.

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Iossifov, Rumen, e Mihail Kachaunov. "OXYGEN CONSUMPTION IN SHORT-, MIDDLE- AND LONG-DISTANCE YOUNG SWIMMERS". In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS “APPLIED SPORTS SCIENCES”. Scientific Publishing House NSA Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37393/icass2022/81.

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ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to compare the maximal oxygen consumption of highly trained adolescent swimmers competing in short, middle, and long distances, taking into account their skeletal muscle mass and body fat mass. These data may be useful for better assessing the aerobic capacity of young swimmers and better planning their training loads. A total of 92 swimmers (31 girls and 61 boys) aged 15–17 years who were part of the Bulgarian Youth National Swim-ming Team were included in the study. The participants were divided into groups according to the distance of their main event: short (50 and 100 m), middle (200 and 400 m), and long (800 and 1500 m) distances. Height, weight, muscle mass, and body fat mass of swimmers were measured to assess their physical development and body composition. Maximal aerobic test was performed on a cycle ergometer. There was only one statistically significant difference between female groups – in maximal oxygen consumption per body weight between short- and middle-distance female swimmers. There was a difference in muscle mass in percentages between short- and long-distance male swimmers. Differences between the means of three variables from the maxi-mal aerobic capacity test were revealed: between maximal workload per body weight of short-distance swimmers and middle-distance swimmers, between maximal oxygen consumption per body weight of short-distance swimmers and middle- and long-distance swimmers, and between maximal oxygen consumption per muscle mass of short-distance swimmers and middle- and long-distance swimmers. In summary, short-distance swimmers had lower maximal oxygen consumption than middle- and long-distance swimmers. The results suggest that maximal oxygen consumption per muscle mass can be used to assess the aerobic capacity of swimmers. The differences in this variable were more pronounced compared to the differences in maximal oxygen consumption per body weight, and in boys, they were even more statistically significant.

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Vadlamudi, Ayyappa, Shao-Hui Chuang, Xiaoyan Sun, Lisa Cazares, Julius Nyalwidhe, Dean Troyer, O. John Semmes, Jiang Li e Frederic D. McKenzie. "Prostate cancer region prediction using MALDI mass spectra". In SPIE Medical Imaging, editado por Nico Karssemeijer e Ronald M. Summers. SPIE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.844494.

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Nelson, Christine M., Lin Zhu, Wei Tang, Lloyd M. Smith, Kevin Crellin, Jamal Berry e Jack L. Beauchamp. "Fragmentation mechanisms of oligonucleotides in MALDI mass spectrometry". In Photonics West '96, editado por Gerald E. Cohn, Steven A. Soper e C. H. Winston Chen. SPIE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.237612.

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Hunter, Joanna M., Hua Lin, Kristin A. Sannes e Christopher H. Becker. "Frozen-solution MALDI mass spectrometry studies of DNA". In Photonics West '96, editado por Gerald E. Cohn, Steven A. Soper e C. H. Winston Chen. SPIE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.237627.

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Williams, Betsy, Shannon Cornett, Benoit Dawant, Anna Crecelius, Bobby Bodenheimer e Richard Caprioli. "An algorithm for baseline correction of MALDI mass spectra". In the 43rd annual southeast regional conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1167350.1167394.

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Kim, Hark Kyun, e In-Hoo Kim. "Histology-directed MALDI mass spectrometry for the diagnostic pathology". In SPIE Nanosystems in Engineering + Medicine, editado por Sang H. Choi, Jin-Ho Choy, Uhn Lee e Vijay K. Varadan. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.1000001.

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Bahrke, Sven, Jon M. Einarsson, Johannes Gislason, Sophie Haebel, Matthias C. Letzel, Jasna Peter-Katalinic e Martin G. Peter. "SEQUENCE ANALYSIS OF CHITOOLIGOSACCHARIDES BY MALDI PSD MASS SPECTROMETRY". In XXIst International Carbohydrate Symposium 2002. TheScientificWorld Ltd, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2002.544.

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Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Masks – Mali"

Wahl, Karen L., Kristin H. Jarman, Nancy B. Valentine, Mark T. Kingsley, Catherine E. Petersen, Sharon C. Wunschel e Adam J. Saenz. Analysis of Hazardous Biological Materials by MALDI Mass Spectrometry. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), dezembro de 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15002705.

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Samaraweera, Himali, Sun Hee Moon e Dong U. Ahn. Characterization of Phosvitin Phosphopeptides using MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, janeiro de 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-1389.

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KL Wahl, KH Jarman, NB Valentine, MT Kingsley, CE Petersen, ST Cebula e AJ Saenz. Analysis of hazardous biological material by MALDI mass spectrometry. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), março de 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/752459.

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Yang, Jung-ha, e Jessie Chen-Yu. An Examination of Male Consumers’ Attitude toward Using Fit Mass-customization and Intention of buying Fit Mass-customized Apparel. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-527.

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Feenstra, Adam D. Technological Development of High-Performance MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging for the Study of Metabolic Biology. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), dezembro de 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1409181.

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Hanna, Rema, Bridget Hoffmann, Paulina Oliva e Jake Schneider. Research Insights: What will People Pay for SMS Air Quality Alerts and Will They Avoid Air Pollution in Response? Inter-American Development Bank, outubro de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003731.

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Male, younger, and higher-income respondents as well as those who perceived high pollution in recent days showed greater willingness to pay for SMS air quality alerts. Willingness to pay was uncorrelated with actual recent high pollution. Recipients of SMS alerts indicated having received air pollution information via SMS, along with reporting a high-pollution day in the past week and having stayed indoors on the most recent day they perceived pollution to be high. However, alert recipients were not more accurate in identifying which specific days had high pollution than other respondents. Households that received a free N95 mask were more likely to report utilizing a mask with a filter during the past two weeks but not more likely to report using a mask with a filter on the specific days with high particulate matter.

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Korte, Andrew R. Development of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) for plant metabolite analysis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), dezembro de 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1226566.

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Sriram, Subramaniam. MALDI/Mass Spectrometry of Normal Appearing and Dystrophic Axons in Spinal Cord of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, setembro de 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada582356.

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Sriram, Subramaniam. MALDI/Mass Spectrometry of Normal Appearing" and Dystrophic Axons in Spinal Cord of Multiple Sclerosis (MS)". Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, setembro de 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada592436.

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Comola, Margherita, Rokhaya Dieye e Bernard Fortin. Heterogeneous peer effects and gender-based interventions for teenage obesity. CIRANO, setembro de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/tqag9043.

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This paper explores the role of gender heterogeneity in the social diffusion of obesity among adolescents and its policy implications. We propose a generalized linear social interaction model which allows for gender-dependent heterogeneity in peer effects through the channel of social synergy. We estimate the model using data on adolescent Body Mass Index and network-based interactions. Our results show that peer effects are gender-dependent, and male students are particularly responsive to the weight of their female friends. Our simulations indicate that female-tailored interventions are likely to be more effective than a gender-neutral approach to fight obesity in schools.

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