Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Maritim history"
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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Maritim history"
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Maksum, Ali. "Poros Maritim dan Politik Luar Negeri Jokowi." Andalas Journal of International Studies (AJIS) 4, no. 1 (2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/ajis.4.1.1-26.2015.
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This article discusses the President Joko Widodo’s poros maritim dunia or global maritime axis and the Indonesian foreign policy. This policy optimistically to strengthen Indonesia’s maritime capability and also to reviving the country as maritime super power as in the early history. Once Joko Widodo seizes the mandate after his dramatic victory in the last presidential election 2014, political polarization becomes a serious challenge to his administration. Yet, at the same time he obtained a huge international attention. Thus, this article attempt to understand Joko Widodo’s maritime policy from foreign policy perspective. Basically, foreign policy is determined by two factors namely international and domestic. To be more systematic, this article divided into five sections i.e.; introduction, maritime axis and Jokowi’s foreign policy, maritime axis and domestic politics, maritime axis and neighboring countries, and conclusion
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Seleste, Cindy, Thomas Sumarsan Goh, Elidawati Elidawati, and Edison Sagala. "Pengaruh Debt To Equity Ratio, Working Capital Turnover, Fixed Asset Turnover Dan Gross Profit Margin Terhadap Tindakan Praktik Perataan Laba Pada PT. Global Maritim Industri." Journal of Economic, Bussines and Accounting (COSTING) 6, no. 1 (2022): 598–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.31539/costing.v6i1.4328.
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The formulation of the problem in this study is the extent to which the influence of debt to equity ratio, working capital turnover, fixed asset turnover and gross profit margin on income smoothing practices at PT. Global Maritim Industri. The research method used in this research is a quantitative approach. The population in this study is the monthly financial statements of PT. Global Maritim Industri which consists of 48 financial statements for 2017 - 2020. The sampling method is purposive sampling, a sample of 40 financial reports per month PT. Global Maritim Industri. The data analysis model used to answer the hypothesis is multiple regression. The results showed that the debt to equity ratio, working capital turnover, fixed asset turnover and gross profit margin simultaneously had a simultaneous effect on income smoothing practices at PT. Global Maritim Industri. And partially working capital turnover and fixed asset turnover affect the practice of income smoothing at PT. Global Maritim Industri. However, debt to equity ratio and gross profit margin have no effect on income smoothing practices at PT. Global Maritim Industri.
 
 Keywords : Debt to equity ratio, Working capital turnover, Fixed asset turnover, Gross profit margin and Income Smoothing Practices
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Lesmana, Moh Eka, Alvanov Zpalanzani, Riama Maslan, and Erline Anasthasia D. "Perancangan Komik Historical Fiction Berbasis Cerita Bajak Laut Nusantara." ANDHARUPA: Jurnal Desain Komunikasi Visual & Multimedia 9, no. 03 (2023): 376–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.33633/andharupa.v9i03.7653.
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AbstrakPenggunaan historical fiction pada media populer seperti komik, film, game, dan lain-lain dengan pendekatan hiburan banyak menarik minat masyarakat untuk melihat berbagai fenomena sejarah. Penyampaian dengan pendekatan hiburan ini tentunya menjadi kekuatan dari genre historical fiction untuk dapat digunakan dalam mengangkat berbagai tema-tema sejarah Indonesia. Salah satu fenomena penting dalam sejarah maritim Indonesia yang tidak umum diketahui adalah fenomena ‘bajak laut’. Fenomena bajak laut yang marak di Indonesia pada masa kolonial merupakan bagian dari sejarah Nusantara yang penting karena pada dasarnya fenomena bajak laut di Nusantara tidak sepenuhnya merupakan gejala kriminal, namun juga merupakan bentuk perjuangan masyarakat maritim terhadap para penjajah pada masa lampau. Mengangkat tema ‘bajak laut’ melalui genre historical fiction dapat menjadi upaya untuk menyampaikan peristiwa sejarah maritim melalui pendekatan hiburan dan juga dapat membuka sudut pandang baru bagi masyarakat dalam melihat fenomena ‘bajak laut’ itu sendiri. Komik sebagai media hasil perancangan dipilih dengan melihat potensi media komik dan antusiasme pembaca komik di Indonesia yang sangat tinggi. Perancangan menggunakan metode design thinking and making dari Matt Cooke mulai dari tahap definition, divergent dan transformation menjadi tahapan yang digunakan dalam proses perancangan untuk menghasilkan karya desain yang terstruktur dan bisa menjangkau audiens dengan mudah dan luas. Kata Kunci: bajak laut, historical fiction, komik, Nusantara AbstractThe use of historical fiction in popular media such as comics, films, games, and others with an entertainment approach has attracted a lot of public interest in various historical phenomena. The presentation with entertainment approach is one of the potential of historical fiction genre and can be used in conveying Indonesian history. One of the most important phenomena in Indonesia's maritime history that is not commonly known is the story of 'piracy'. Piracy that flourished in Indonesia during the colonial period was an important part of maritime history because it was not entirely a criminal phenomenon, but was also a form of the battle against the colonialists. Bringing up the theme of 'piracy' through the historical fiction genre can be an effort to convey maritime historical events through an entertainment approach and can also open new perspectives for the public in seeing the phenomenon of 'piracy' itself. Comics were chosen by considering the potential of comics media and the high enthusiasm of comic readers in Indonesia, by using the Matt Cooke’s design thinking and making method from the definition, divergent and transformation it is hoped that the comics can become a medium that can reach an audience easily and widely. Keyword: comics, historical fiction, pirates
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Novemy Dhita, Aulia, and Muhammad Reza Pahlevi. "Menulusuri Aspek Maritim Sungai Musi Untuk Pembelajaran Sejarah Lokal." Chronologia 4, no. 3 (2023): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22236/jhe.v4i3.11136.
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The Musi River has an important role in historical periodization in Palembang, especially during the Srivijaya period. However, the role of the Musi river has not been conveyed so often in the concept of learning local history and its relation to maritime affairs. Based on these conditions, this study aims to examine the maritime aspects of the Musi River as a means of learning local history. The method used is a qualitative method using a historical approach. The role of the Musi river in Indonesian maritime needs to be developed for learning local history. This is very important because Sriwijaya's maritime glory was also influenced by the Musi river. This role can be explained through maritime aspects, namely trade, shipping, shipping, maritime traditions, sea mythology, piracy, fisheries, law of the sea. Based on exploring these maritime aspects, the material on the Musi river becomes broader and contextual to be applied in learning local history based on the basic competencies of the curriculum.
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Mahamid, Mochammad Nginwanun Likullil. "Belajar dari Sejarah Maritim Mandar (1900-1980): Mulai dari Terbentuknya Jaringan hingga Keberadaan Pelabuhan Kembar." Fajar Historia: Jurnal Ilmu Sejarah dan Pendidikan 8, no. 2 (2024): 361–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.29408/fhs.v8i2.26468.
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This article aimed to review a book that explained maritime affairs entitled Jaringan Maritim Mandar: Studi tentang Pelabuhan “Kembar” Pambauwang dan Majene di Selat Makassar 1900-1980 written by Abd. Rahman Hamid in 2021. The book, an important contribution to national historiography, discussed maritime history and networks in Indonesia. In the Mandar case study, it had two “twin” ports, namely Pambauwang and Majene. This was based on the author's experience working in the maritime field from 2010 to 2020. However, the book, originally the author’s dissertation in the History Program at the University of Indonesia and was compiled two years ago, was still deemed necessary for review to provide an assessment of the book and other matters related to the structure of the writing. This book review article was written using the descriptive-analytic method, which began with an explanation of the background of the book’s writing, a review of previous works, the sources used, and the systematics of the book. Then, an analysis was carried out with various other sources in the form of books, journals, and final assignments, which had the same material. Other important aspects included the relationship between chapters, the advantages and disadvantages of books, and their academic benefits.
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Elia Kadang, Yegar Sahaduta, and Alvin Hadiwono. "PENERAPAN KONSEP ARSITEKTUR NARATIF PADA EKSTENSI MUSEUM BAHARI." Jurnal Sains, Teknologi, Urban, Perancangan, Arsitektur (Stupa) 6, no. 2 (2024): 1087–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/stupa.v6i2.30897.
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The Maritime Museum plays a crucial role in preserving and disseminating knowledge about maritime culture and history. In an effort to expand the functions and appeal of this museum, the application of the right architectural concept is paramount. This research explores how the application of the narrative architecture concept can be used to design an extension of the Maritime Museum. Narrative architecture, which incorporates storytelling elements into its design, allows visitors to experience and understand maritime history more deeply and interactively. Through case study analysis and field observations, this research identifies key elements that must be considered in the design of the extension. The research findings show that integrating elements of maritime culture and history into architectural design can enhance visitor experience, strengthen the museum's identity, and support cultural conservation efforts. The narrative architecture approach not only enriches the aesthetic value of the building but also significantly contributes to the education and preservation of maritime heritage. Recommendations include involving the local community and maritime experts in the design process, as well as adopting new technologies to create more interactive and engaging spaces for various visitor groups. Additionally, education programs and community-based activities focused on maritime culture are suggested to increase public engagement and support the preservation of maritime heritage. Thus, the Maritime Museum can become a dynamic, relevant, and inspiring center for education and cultural preservation for all generations. This inclusive and collaborative approach will not only enhance the museum's appeal but also ensure that the values of maritime culture and history remain alive and understood by the wider society. Keywords: extension; maritime culture; maritime history; narrative architecture Abstrak Museum Bahari memegang peran penting dalam pelestarian dan penyebaran pengetahuan mengenai budaya dan sejarah bahari. Dalam upaya untuk memperluas fungsi dan daya tarik museum ini, penerapan konsep arsitektur yang tepat menjadi sangat krusial. Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi bagaimana penerapan konsep arsitektur naratif dapat digunakan untuk merancang ekstensi Museum Bahari. Arsitektur naratif, yang menggabungkan elemen-elemen cerita dalam desainnya, memungkinkan pengunjung untuk merasakan dan memahami sejarah bahari secara lebih mendalam dan interaktif. Melalui analisis kasus studi, observasi lapangan, penelitian ini mengidentifikasi elemen-elemen kunci yang harus dipertimbangkan dalam perancangan ekstensi tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa integrasi elemen-elemen budaya bahari dan sejarah bahari dalam desain arsitektur dapat meningkatkan pengalaman pengunjung, memperkuat identitas museum, dan mendukung upaya konservasi budaya. Pendekatan arsitektur naratif tidak hanya memperkaya nilai estetika bangunan, tetapi juga memberikan kontribusi signifikan terhadap edukasi dan pelestarian warisan bahari. Saran yang diberikan mencakup melibatkan komunitas lokal dan pakar maritim dalam proses desain, serta mengadopsi teknologi baru untuk menciptakan ruang yang lebih interaktif dan menarik bagi berbagai kalangan pengunjung. Selain itu, program pendidikan dan aktivitas berbasis komunitas yang berfokus pada budaya bahari juga disarankan untuk meningkatkan keterlibatan publik dan mendukung pelestarian warisan maritim. Dengan demikian, Museum Bahari dapat menjadi pusat edukasi dan pelestarian budaya yang dinamis, relevan, dan menginspirasi bagi semua generasi. Pendekatan yang inklusif dan kolaboratif ini tidak hanya akan memperkuat daya tarik museum tetapi juga memastikan bahwa nilai-nilai budaya dan sejarah bahari tetap hidup dan dipahami oleh masyarakat luas.
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SVD, Gregor Neonbasu. "PERSPEKTIF BUDAYA MARITIM INDONESIA (Sebuah Refleksi Sejarah Antropologi Oseania)." ETNOREFLIKA: Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya 11, no. 2 (2022): 152–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33772/etnoreflika.v11i2.1264.
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This article discusses two basic points: firstly, Indonesian Maritime Trade and secondly, Oceanic Anthropological History. The first point will be studied in classical comprehension spectrum related to maritime wealth and the image of Indonesians’ competency image in the past all at once. The second point focuses on anthropological speculation concerning unity and wholeness of various lands in Oceania. Some official sources become the reference in this article, including our study that has been conducted for almost 6 years, since 2015 – today (2020) and is still continued. Specific source becoming special reference in this article is the application of historical reflection by Bernard H.M. Vlekke entitled Nusantara: A History of Indonesia (1961), a work revealing the historical evidence of Archipelagic (Indonesian) civilization in the past.
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Baco, Zainuddin, Baszley Bee B. Basrah Bee, and Stephen Chia. "Arkeologi Maritim: Kapal Karam Di Semenanjung Malaysia." Kajian Malaysia 40, no. 2 (2022): 169–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/km2022.40.2.8.
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This article discusses archaeological research of shipwrecks as a form of underwater cultural heritage with special reference to ancient shipwrecks and their cargoes discovered in Peninsular Malaysia from 1907 to 2019. The discussion will include the formation process of underwater cultural heritage, especially the discoveries of shipwreck sites and cargoes which have connections as well as trade, cultural and political relationships with early maritime kingdoms in Southeast Asia. The significance of shipwreck sites in the development of archaeological shipwrecks in Peninsular Malaysia will also be discussed in the contexts of research and education of our national history. This is important for the early development of maritime archaeology’s potential, particularly on shipwrecks from the 1990s to the early first decade of the 21st century.
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Wira Bima Wikrama, Anak Agung Ngurah Agung. "Pusaka Rempah Di Negeri Maritim." Jurnal Ilmiah Cakrawarti 2, no. 1 (2020): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.47532/jic.v2i1.118.
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Spice inheritance in the oceanic country affairs can be used as a mirror for us,because the storyline of the Republic of Indonesia in facing future challenges wich is verymulti-dimensional seems to fade away, there fore many groups lately often discuss backto the 1945 Constitution. In fact, many of them rolled out “NKRI Harga Mati”. So far,all efforts have been made is a productive or preventive action in compousting together astring of reunion a sovereign country, which is always on the moves in an atmosphere ofopposition and full of competitions. It seems that this nation and country have not beenable to utilize the cultural and scientific treasures, local and national wisdom to appearcreative in solving their problems and dare to take the greatest risks and formulate uniqueenigmatic solutions into a large current in preserving the history of maritime culture.Starting from the philosophy that our beaches face each other and the islands are ours. Sothat the palace and the traditional institutions contained inside running to regulate the people.Secondly Pamalayu Expedition is a military diplomatic expedition carried out by theSingasari Kingdom during The King Kertanagara’s dated 1275-1293 against the Malay’sKingdom (also known as the Kingdom of Dharmasraya or the Kingdom of Jambi). At thattime, the Singasari Kingdom wanted the entire Southeast Asian region to be ruled. Surelythey already understood the maritime, defense equipments and the shipping knowledge. The thirdly Srivijaya as the monumenthal of the first millennium in the maritime world,was able to remove the silk’s journey which was originally by land, then changed by seaand cancelled the Tordesilas Agreement made by the Papacy which divided the sea intotwo regions namely the western and eastern regions. Srivijaya could prove and dismissthe notion that parts of the sea after India were apparently not ruled by hooligans, pirates,and etc. The fourthly Majapahit Kingdom was able to unite and organize all the maritimeelements in the archipelago led by the sea commander in comand named Ranggalawe andsupported by the national shipping conglomerate at the time named Nyai Kanggotan whohad a shipping industry centered in Tuban with the strength of forces more than 3200 Javajung or Javanese tradicional ships.
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Noerwidi, Sofwan. "GLOBALISASI, PELAYARAN-PERDAGANGAN DAN DIVERSITAS POPULASI: STUDI SISA MANUSIA SITUS LERAN, REMBANG, JAWA TENGAH." Berkala Arkeologi 37, no. 2 (2017): 103–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.30883/jba.v37i2.175.
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The issue of globalization is booming recently, but it is not really a new thing in the history of human civilization. However, the issue of globalization in the past, -particularly in Archaeological perspective- is not too much discussed among social sciences in Indonesia. This paper aims to open the isolation by understanding the processes of globalization and its correlation to the maritime trade through archaeological data based on human remains from Leran burial site, Rembang, Central Java. Research method used in this paper is Bioarchaeological approach based on dental metric and non-metric characters analysis which performed to determine the biological affinity of Leran people in comparison with some samples from surrounding area. The result could be seen that the Leran population has a fairly diverse biological affinity which correlated to the strategic position of this site in the ancient global network of maritime trade.Isu globalisasi yang saat ini sedang marak dibicarakan, sesungguhnya bukan hal yang baru dalam sejarah peradaban manusia. Namun, studi mengenai globalisasi dalam perspektif masa lampau khususnya arkeologi, sampai saat ini tidak banyak didiskusikan di antara ilmu-ilmu sosial di Indonesia. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk memahami proses globalisasi yang berhubungan dengan pelayaran dan perdagangan maritim melalui data arkeologis, berupa sisa rangka manusia dari situs Leran, Rembang, Jawa Tengah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan bioarkeologis melalui analisis karakter metrik dan non-metrik gigi geligi untuk mengetahui afinitas biologis manusia Leran dalam perbandingannya dengan beberapa sampel populasi dari kawasan sekitarnya. Hasilnya dapat diketahui bahwa populasi Leran memiliki diversitas afinitas biologis yang cukup beragam berhubungan dengan posisi strategis situs tersebut dalam jaringan perdagangan maritim global masa lampau.
Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Maritim history"
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Le, suun Anne. "Les douaniers français et la côte atlantique (1926-1946)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nantes Université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NANU2007.
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L’administration des douanes fut, depuis sa création officielle le 23 avril 1791, par l’Assemblée Nationale, soumise aux événements politiques, aux accords diplomatiques, à des frontières mouvantes ainsi qu’aux fluctuations de la conjoncture économique. Néanmoins, les recherches universitaires consacrées à ce corps étatique constituent une des lacunes de l’historiographie française et les douaniers qui la composent sont considérés comme des « oubliés ». L’objectif de notre thèse est donc de venir combler ce manque historiographique en contribuant à l’histoire d’une profession, mais aussi d’hommes et de femmes. En s’appuyant sur des sources diverses et protéiformes, cette thèse évoque les conséquences des évolutions du contrôle aux frontières maritimes sur les douaniers. L’adoption d’une méthode prosopographique permet, tout en mettant en lumière des trajectoires individuelles, de dresser une vue d’ensemble du personnel des douanes (origines sociales, recrutement, mobilités, avancement, sociabilités, etc.). Ce travail cherche aussi à comprendre comment ces agents constituent un véritable corps, en présentant les éléments de leur identité collective. Une partie de la thèse est par ailleurs dédiée à l’étude des restructurations intervenues durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Il faut les étudier, les replacer dans des évolutions de longue durée, dans la lignée des travaux portant sur l’histoire de l’administration sous Vichy. Cette étude se prolonge jusqu’à la fin de l’année 1946 pour suivre l’épuration touchant l’administration, mais aussi la reprise de la navigation maritime, la suppression de l’impôt sur le sel et la fermeture officielle de la frontière franco-espagnole dans le département des Basses-Pyrénées<br>Since its official creation on April 23, 1791, the customs administration has been subject to political events, diplomatic agreements, moving borders and fluctuations in the economic situation. Nevertheless, the academic research devoted to this public sector is one of the shortcomings of French historiography and the customs officers who compose it are considered « forgotten ». The aim of our thesis is therefore to fill this historical weakness by contributing to the history of a profession and of men and women. Based on various and protean sources, this thesis evokes the consequences of the evolutions of the customs control at the maritime borders on the customs officers. The adoption of a prosopographic method will allow, while highlighting individual trajectories, to draw an overview of customs personnel (social origins, recruitment, mobility, advancement, sociabilities, etc.). This work also seeks to understand how these agents constitute a real corps, presenting the elements of their collective identity. Part of the thesis is also dedicated to the study of the restructuring that took place during the Second World War. It will be necessary to study it, to place it in long-term evolutions and, in line with the work on the history of the administration under Vichy. This study continued until the end of 1946 to follow the clear-out affecting the administration, but also the resumption of shipping, the abolition of the tax on salt and the official closure of the Franco-Spanish border in the department of Basses-Pyrénées
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Denis-Delacour, Christopher. "Entre normes et pratiques.Les étrangers des trafics maritimes romains (1742-1797)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3029.
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Si l'institution d'un Consulat de la mer à Civitavecchia en 1742 s'inscrivait avec retard dans un mouvement de réappropriation de l'exercice de la justice, l'événement symbolisait à la fois les prétentions romaines en matière de mercantilisme et les contradictions de son application pratique. Cette création institutionnelle devait en effet composer avec une ambigüité propre aux ports francs : être à la fois une porte d'entrée au commerce international et le filtre des échanges étrangers. Dans un contexte où le commerce ‘actif' devenait la ligne politique du pouvoir, le quotidien des acteurs économiques s'apparentait plutôt à une réinterprétation sociale des règles locales. Les agents institutionnels étaient en effet très souvent liés aux protagonistes du commerce. Acteurs économiques et institutions étaient alors à même d'incarner les normes avec un haut niveau de flexibilité. À ce titre, dans un contexte de création et d'affirmation d'une identité ‘étatique', l'insertion initiale des capitaines étrangers par l'intermédiaire de l'appareil normatif réglant les trafics maritimes romaines concrétisait la patiente accumulation de savoirs informels et la construction d'un réseau d'intermédiaires stratégiquement positionnés. Des savoirs qui furent un tremplin professionnel et économique mêlant pluriactivité et stratégies d'interprétation institutionnelle. Jouant en effet sur leur condition de stranieri ayant la capacité d'agir comme sudditi pontifici, ces capitaines et marins devinrent par la suite des opérateurs marchands économiquement profitables et incontournables<br>If the creation of the Consolato del mare court of Civitavecchia in 1742 was the late expression of an ancient and global movement for the restoration of a State-controlled justice, it also epitomizes the pontifical contradiction in the application of mercantilism. This institution was however facing the free ports ambiguity: at the same time opened to international trade and supposed to screen foreign activity. Above all, the mercantilist political context pushed the economic actors to a daily reinterpretation of local rules. Indeed, institutional agents were usually connected with the protagonists of trade. Therefore, economic actors and institutions were able to enforce justice with a high degree of flexibility. As such, in a context of creation and assertion of a State identity, the initial insertion of foreign captains by the means of normative apparatus regulating papal maritime trade gave concrete expression to the slow accumulation of informal skills and the development of a network of strategically positioned go-betweens. Such skills revealed to be a professional and economic stepping stone, combining diversified activities and institutional interpretation strategies. Using their condition of stranieri, with the ability to act as sudditi pontifici, these captains and seamen became economically profitable and crucial merchant actors
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Buchanan, Elizabeth Anne. "Early maritime Scotland." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14224.
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This thesis provides a general view of maritime Scotland from c. 10.000BP, the retreat of the last glacier of the Loch Lomond Stadial, until 1018AD, the first formal agreement upon the River Tweed as Scotland's southern border following the Battle of Carham. The thesis shows the importance of water upon the physical landscape and man's dependence upon water, and his ability to travel on it, to facilitate survival, social development, development of trade and to aid immigration throughout prehistoric and early mediaeval Scotland. Emphasis is given to the geomorphology of Scotland and the development of water transport throughout the time period covered.
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Carolan, Victoria Diane. "British maritime history, national identity and film, 1900-1960." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2012. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8375.
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This thesis examines the creation, transmission and preservation of the idea of Britain as a 'maritime nation' on film from 1900 to 1960. By placing an analysis of maritime films' frequency, content and reception into the broader maritime sphere and the British film industry, this thesis explores how maritime symbols functioned to project national identity. Films are used as the major source to provide an evidential frame through which to assess the depth and functioning of maritime culture in mass culture. The thesis traces the origins of key concepts associated with a maritime identity to establish the configuration of maritime history in popular culture by 1900. It then examines the importance of maritime film production during the period 1900-1939; the representation of shipbuilding from the 1930s; maritime scenarios in Second World War film; maritime comedies; and post-war maritime films. It concludes by suggesting the reasons for the decline in the frequency of maritime film after 1960. The thesis argues first, that the relationship established in the Victorian period between the nation and the maritime sphere endured with remarkable strength. Only after 1960 was the contemporary element of this connection broken by a combination of the decline of the subject matter and by political and social change. The second argument is that to understand these films it is essential to consider them as a complete body of evidence as well as individual films in discrete time periods. By setting these films back into the tradition from which they came is it possible to understand how symbols of national identity became so embedded that they became unquestioned: the most powerful level at which such symbols operate.
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Kyte, Shelley. "V-8, or, Make and break, an investigation of the development of tourism in Canada : a case study of Nova Scotia." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq22335.pdf.
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Gibson, Andrew Edward. "The abandoned ocean : a history of failed U.S. maritime policy." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336505.
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Carnell, Monique Marie. "The life and works of Maritime architect J. C. Dumaresq (1840-1906)." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1993. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq23851.pdf.
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Oldcorn, Megan Lowena. "Falmouth and the British Maritime Empire." Thesis, University of the Arts London, 2014. http://ualresearchonline.arts.ac.uk/13354/.
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At the beginning of the nineteenth century, the Cornish port of Falmouth was an important base within an ever-expanding British empire. From here, people, letters, goods and information travelled back and forth from Cornwall to the rest of the world. This thesis investigates the extent to which Falmouth was a significant part of Britain’s maritime empire during the period 1800-1850, looking specifically at four areas of interest. First, it argues that Falmouth’s Packet Service played a significant role in intelligence gathering during the Napoleonic Wars, victory in which led to major expansion of the British empire. Second, that the town developed Cornwall’s mining expertise to the extent that it could be exported to new colonies, or become instrumental in spreading the influence of informal empire. Third, that the import of plant specimens from the colonies had a direct effect on class-based hierarchies of power in and around the town. And finally, that contact between the British and foreigners in and from the port led to renegotiations of identity based on race that were inextricably tied into colonialism. The role of Cornwall in the dialogue between Britain and its colonies, and the importance of Falmouth as a port within the British empire, have previously been neglected in academic study, with attention given to larger metropolitan locations such as Liverpool and Southampton. This thesis continues work exploring imperialism within one specific locality, shifting in focus from the urban to the rural. In doing this, a diversity of written and archival sources are used to discuss how several elements of empire came together in one place. The work demonstrates that Falmouth was a site clearly affected by colonialism, and was to a certain extent influential within it due to its maritime significance.
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Lepp, Annalee E. "Dis/membering the family, marital breakdown, domestic conflict, and family violence in Ontario, 1830-1920." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ56087.pdf.
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Twohig, Peter L. "Organizing the bench, medical laboratory workers in the Maritimes, 1900-1950." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0018/NQ49295.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteLivros sobre o assunto "Maritim history"
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Hamid, Abd Rahman. Sejarah maritim Indonesia. Penerbit Ombak, 2013.
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Bachik, Burhanuddin, and Perbadanan Muzium Melaka, eds. Melaka dalam dunia maritim. Perbadanan Muzium Melaka, 2004.
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Åhlund, Bertil. Svensk maritim säkerhetspolitik 1905-1939. Marinlitteraturföreningen, 1992.
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Horvath, Michael. Österreich maritim: Die frühen Jahre. Edition S, 1995.
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author, Mihei Andrian 1956, ed. Terorismul maritim: Mit şi realitate. Editura Centrului Tehnic-Editorial al Armatei, 2010.
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Salim. Kodrat maritim Nusantara: Catatan strategis kemaritiman. Leutikaprio, 2014.
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Poelinggomang, Edward L. Makassar abad XIX: Studi tentang kebijakan perdagangan maritim. KPG (Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia) bekerjasama dengan Yayasan Adikarya IKAPI dan the Ford Foundation, 2002.
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Bandung, A. B. Takko. Berkarakter nilai maritim: Sawerigading meraih cita dan cinta. Penerbit Ombak, 2014.
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Wiebeck, Erno. Indiens Schifffahrt in fünf Jahrtausenden: Ein maritim-ethnologisches Sachbuch. Koch, 2003.
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Østergaard, Martin K. Under fællesskabets sejl: Partrederier, selvstændighed og maritim identitet i Marstal. Kontaktudvalget for Dansk Maritim Historie- og Samfundsforskning, 2011.
Encontre o texto completo da fonteCapítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Maritim history"
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Swanson, Carl E. "Maritime History." In Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30018-0_620.
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Swanson, Carl E. "Maritime History." In Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology. Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2_620.
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Biancardi, Enrico, Leonard W. Panella, and Robert T. Lewellen. "History and Current Importance." In Beta maritima. Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0842-0_1.
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Biancardi, Enrico, and Robert T. Lewellen. "History and Current Importance." In Beta maritima. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28748-1_1.
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Brodie, Nicholas Dean. "Maritime Encounters and Global History." In The Routledge History of Emotions in Europe. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315190778-27.
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Yang, Guozhen. "The Maritime History of China." In China Academic Library. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-7612-2_3.
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Matsuda, Takuma, and Masato Shinohara. "History of the Japanese maritime industry." In Maritime business and economics. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315270869-2.
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"Maritime History." In The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Imperialism and Anti-Imperialism. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29901-9_300607.
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"History." In Maritime Piracy. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203144817-10.
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Polónia, Amélia. "Maritime History: A Gateway to Global History?" In Maritime History as Global History. Liverpool University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9780986497339.003.0001.
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This chapter introduces the structure and content of the volume and provides an overview of each chapter. It also provides definitions of maritime history, globalisation, and the differences between the study of maritime history and the study of global history. It gives an overview of recent maritime historiography and the existing intersection between maritime history and global history. It concludes by claiming that the dynamics of global trade - competition and cooperation in past and present alike - have become central to to the study of maritime history, and asserts that the contributions to this volume reflect the hypothesis.
Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Maritim history"
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Roddy, Robert Forrest. "TITANIC - The Design History, Forensic Analysis of the Sinking, and Aftermath." In SNAME Maritime Convention. SNAME, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/smc-2021-015.
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After more than one hundred years the Titanic is still probably the most remembered ship in the world. This paper briefly discusses the history of the Titanic from why the White Star Line decided to build the Olympic class ships through the recently signed treaty protecting the ship. It is shown that many of the design features of the ship were far ahead of the rest of the industry but that some compromises were against the naval architect’s desires. A number of myths concerning the ship are dispelled. The circumstances leading up to the collision with the iceberg and the sinking of the ship are examined followed by an analysis of the sinking; the discovery of the ship; and finally after almost thirty-five years, a treaty to protect the ship.
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Garzke, William H., and Kenneth M. Smith. "RMS Lusitania - A Design History and Forensic Analysis of Her Sinking." In SNAME Maritime Convention. SNAME, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/smc-2022-064.
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This paper represents a final report of the review of evidence from wreck site of the RMS Lusitania based on material compiled by the late Gregg Bemis, owner of the wreck. It also discusses new evidence from the cargo manifest of Lusitania that was classified for almost 100 years as well as survivor’s accounts from several different sources and the results from previous expeditions to the wreck site. In this forensics analysis several considerations will be made from the study of the documents, testimony, and wreckage: 1. The conclusions will be consistent with witnesses and survivors during the sinkage of this ship 2. The probable cause will be consistent with the normal laws of physics 3. The cause reported is what actually happened, to a reasonable degree of engineering certainty.
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Wylson, J. C. S. "The Risk to Traditional Maritime Skills." In Historic Ships 2007. RINA, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3940/rina.hist.2007.17.
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Yang, Y. P., H. Castner, and N. Kapustka. "Development of Distortion Modeling Methods for Large Welded Structures." In SNAME Maritime Convention. SNAME, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/smc-2010-p09.
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Two distortion modeling methods, mapping plastic strain and lump-pass modeling, were developed and validated for predicting distortion on large welded structures to reduce the computation time. The mapping plastic-strain method requires two kinds of models, local models and a global model. The local models are analyzed to predict plastic strains and the global model is analyzed by mapping the plastic strains to predict distortions. The lump-pass modeling method includes two kinds of analyses: a thermal analysis and a thermomechanical analysis. The thermal analysis is conducted to predict temperature history. The thermomechanical analysis is performed to predict distortion by inputting the predicted temperature history.
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Hayden, William M., Allen Pac, and Julius M. Taylor. "Reconstruction of the Historic Battleship TEXAS." In SNAME Maritime Convention. SNAME, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/smc-2014-t07.
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Commissioned in 1914 as the most powerful weapon in the world, the Battleship TEXAS (BB-35) is the last surviving Dreadnought and the only battleship left in existence today, which fought in both World War I and World War II. Time and nature have taken a major structural toll on the ship; she is in immediate need of critical repairs, as well as a long-term solution for her continued preservation. Although a major shell restoration project was completed in 1990, the internal structure of the inner bottom has continued to deteriorate. In 2012, Texas Parks and Wildlife issued a Request for Proposals to solicit bids to perform an in-situ repair of the deteriorated frames, longitudinals, and inner-bottom plating. This phase of structural repairs is largely complete and has employed some novel techniques to restore the strength of the structural members while retaining as much of the historic fabric as possible. Additionally, the restoration presented an unusual scenario of needing to support the original triple expansion steam engines from overhead deck structure while renewing the foundation supports. This paper will describe the engine support system and the structural analysis used to design the system as well as details of the repair procedures to replacing or doubling the existing keel, longitudinals, and framing throughout the aft end of the ship
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Bailey, Jonathan W. "An Introduction to NOAA’s Ship Acquisition Program (2010)." In SNAME Maritime Convention. SNAME, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/smc-2010-pan03.
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This paper presents a brief introduction to NOAA’s Ship Acquisition Program. The paper touches on the history and current state of NOA’s Fleet Recapitalization Plan. The challenges of acquiring small numbers of ships with unique requirements are also discussed.
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Adams, S. W. "Managing Floating Heritage: Historic Ships At the Australian National Maritime Museum." In Historic Ships 2007. RINA, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3940/rina.hist.2007.10.
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Lim, Chia Pei, Chih-Ming Chen, and Chung Chang. "Exploring Maritime History through Digital Humanities: The Southeast Asian Maritime Travelogues Corpus (SEA-MTC)." In 2023 Pacific Neighborhood Consortium Annual Conference and Joint Meetings (PNC). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/pnc58718.2023.10314982.
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Ayers, William Norris. "Batteries and DC Shore Charging for High-Speed Electric Vessels." In SNAME Maritime Convention. SNAME, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/smc-2024-072.
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Marine lithium-ion batteries have enabled zero emission plug-in operations. However, most initial projects involve car ferries with short repetitive routes, larger machinery spaces to locate batteries and longer loading periods for slower recharging. High-speed passenger craft consume significantly more power with typically shorter docking times. This paper will explore their recent history. An examination of lithium-ion technologies will highlight areas for improvement and safety design options. The paper will then tackle DC rapid charging. Charging transformers and power converters can be placed shoreside representing a significant vessel weight savings. Finally, the development of DC charging standards trying to catch up to AC ones will be explored.
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Afonin, I. L., G. V. Bokov, P. A. Bugayov, and V. V. Lemesh. "History of formation of global maritime and safety system." In 2010 20th International Crimean Conference "Microwave & Telecommunication Technology" (CriMiCo 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/crmico.2010.5632759.
Texto completo da fonteRelatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Maritim history"
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Fernández-Armesto, Felipe. Amerigo and America? Inter-American Development Bank, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0007957.
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Felipe Fernández-Armesto (1950-), distinguished British scholar of global environmental history, comparative colonial history, topics in Spanish and maritime history and the history of cartography; Principe de Asturias Chair at Tufts University.
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Atkinson, Dan, and Alex Hale, eds. From Source to Sea: ScARF Marine and Maritime Panel Report. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.126.
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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under four headings: 1. From Source to Sea: River systems, from their source to the sea and beyond, should form the focus for research projects, allowing the integration of all archaeological work carried out along their course. Future research should take a holistic view of the marine and maritime historic environment, from inland lakes that feed freshwater river routes, to tidal estuaries and out to the open sea. This view of the landscape/seascape encompasses a very broad range of archaeology and enables connections to be made without the restrictions of geographical or political boundaries. Research strategies, programmes From Source to Sea: ScARF Marine and Maritime Panel Report iii and projects can adopt this approach at multiple levels; from national to site-specific, with the aim of remaining holistic and cross-cutting. 2. Submerged Landscapes: The rising research profile of submerged landscapes has recently been embodied into a European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action; Submerged Prehistoric Archaeology and Landscapes of the Continental Shelf (SPLASHCOS), with exciting proposals for future research. Future work needs to be integrated with wider initiatives such as this on an international scale. Recent projects have begun to demonstrate the research potential for submerged landscapes in and beyond Scotland, as well as the need to collaborate with industrial partners, in order that commercially-created datasets can be accessed and used. More data is required in order to fully model the changing coastline around Scotland and develop predictive models of site survival. Such work is crucial to understanding life in early prehistoric Scotland, and how the earliest communities responded to a changing environment. 3. Marine & Maritime Historic Landscapes: Scotland’s coastal and intertidal zones and maritime hinterland encompass in-shore islands, trans-continental shipping lanes, ports and harbours, and transport infrastructure to intertidal fish-traps, and define understanding and conceptualisation of the liminal zone between the land and the sea. Due to the pervasive nature of the Marine and Maritime historic landscape, a holistic approach should be taken that incorporates evidence from a variety of sources including commercial and research archaeology, local and national societies, off-shore and onshore commercial development; and including studies derived from, but not limited to history, ethnology, cultural studies, folklore and architecture and involving a wide range of recording techniques ranging from photography, laser imaging, and sonar survey through to more orthodox drawn survey and excavation. 4. Collaboration: As is implicit in all the above, multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross-sector approaches are essential in order to ensure the capacity to meet the research challenges of the marine and maritime historic environment. There is a need for collaboration across the heritage sector and beyond, into specific areas of industry, science and the arts. Methods of communication amongst the constituent research individuals, institutions and networks should be developed, and dissemination of research results promoted. The formation of research communities, especially virtual centres of excellence, should be encouraged in order to build capacity.
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Yagci, Mustafa, and Mohamed Noordali. Maritime Trade: Riding the Waves of Commerce and Weathering the Storms of Disruption. Islamic Development Bank Institute, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55780/re24043.
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Throughout history, expansive oceans have served as viable trade routes, facilitating the interconnectedness and exchange of cultures among nations through the movement of goods and intellectual interchanges. The revolutionary introduction of containerized shipping in 1956 laid the groundwork for the profound integration of global economies, culminating in the phenomenon we now describe as globalization. By 2020, maritime trade had risen to an estimated value of USD12.3 trillion, representing approximately 70% of global trade. Containerized shipping dominated this sector, accounting for 66% of maritime trade volume, largely driven by the increasing prevalence of high-value commercial goods shipped in standardized containers. In today’s world, maritime transport serves as the lifeblood of international trade and the global economy, with over 80% of the global volume of goods traded by sea in 2021. This reliance on maritime trade is particularly pronounced for most developing countries, for whom seaborne-transported goods and services represent an even higher share of their trade activity. The heightened visibility of disruptions to maritime trade since the COVID-19 pandemic has underscored its critical role in the global economy and its profound impact on Emerging Market and Developing Economies (EMDEs).
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Buchanan, Riley, Daniel Elias, Darren Holden, Daniel Baldino, Martin Drum, and Richard P. Hamilton. The archive hunter: The life and work of Leslie R. Marchant. The University of Notre Dame Australia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32613/reports/2021.2.
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Professor Leslie R. Marchant was a Western Australian historian of international renown. Richly educated as a child in political philosophy and critical reason, Marchant’s understandings of western political philosophies were deepened in World War Two when serving with an international crew of the merchant navy. After the war’s end, Marchant was appointed as a Protector of Aborigines in Western Australia’s Depart of Native Affairs. His passionate belief in Enlightenment ideals, including the equality of all people, was challenged by his experiences as a Protector. Leaving that role, he commenced his studies at The University of Western Australia where, in 1952, his Honours thesis made an early case that genocide had been committed in the administration of Aboriginal people in Western Australia. In the years that followed, Marchant became an early researcher of modern China and its relationship with the West, and won respect for his archival research of French maritime history in the Asia-Pacific. This work, including the publication of France Australe in 1982, was later recognised with the award of a French knighthood, the Chevalier d’Ordre National du Mèrite, and his election as a fellow to the Royal Geographical Society. In this festschrift, scholars from The University of Notre Dame Australia appraise Marchant’s work in such areas as Aboriginal history and policy, Westminster traditions, political philosophy, Australia and China and French maritime history.
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Boyle, Maxwell, and Elizabeth Rico. Terrestrial vegetation monitoring at Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve: 2019 data summary—Version 2.0. National Park Service, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrds-2290196.
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The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) conducts long-term terrestrial vegetation monitoring as part of the nationwide Inventory and Monitoring Program of the National Park Service (NPS). The vegetation community vital sign is one of the primary-tier resources identified by SECN park managers, and it is currently conducted on 15 network parks (DeVivo et al. 2008). Monitoring plants and their associated communities over time allows for targeted understanding of ecosystems within the SECN geography, which provides managers information about the degree of change within their parks’ natural vegetation. 2019 marks the first year of conducting this monitoring effort on four SECN parks, including Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve (TIMU). A total of 23 vegetation plots were established in the park in May and June. Data collected in each plot include species richness across multiple spatial scales, species-specific cover and constancy, species-specific woody stem seedling/sapling counts and adult tree (greater than 10 centimeters [3.9 inches (in)]) diameter at breast height (DBH), overall tree health, landform, soil, observed disturbance, and woody biomass (i.e., fuel load) estimates. This report summarizes the baseline (year 1) terrestrial vegetation data collected at Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve in 2019. Data were stratified across three dominant broadly defined habitats within the park (Coastal Plain Nonalluvial Wetlands, Coastal Plain Open Uplands and Woodlands, and Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands) and three land parcels (Cedar Point, Theodore Roosevelt, and Thomas Creek). Noteworthy findings include: A total of 157 vascular plant taxa (species or lower) were observed across 23 vegetation plots, including nine species not previously known from the park. Three plots were located in the footprint of the Yellow Bluff Fire, and were sampled only two weeks following the fire event. Muscadine (Muscadinia rotundifolia), cat greenbrier (Smilax glauca), water oak (Quercus nigra), and swamp tupelo (Nyssa biflora) were the most frequently encountered species in Coastal Plain Nonalluvial Wetland habitat; saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), slash pine (Pinus elliottii), and gallberry (Ilex glabra) were the most frequently encountered species in Coastal Plain Open Upland and Woodland habitat; and Darlington oak (Quercus hemisphaerica), Spanish moss (Tillandsia usenoides), and red bay (Persea borbonia) were the most frequently encountered species in Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands. There were no exotic species of the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council list of invasive plants (FLEPPC 2020) observed on any of these plots. Both red bay and swamp bay (Persea palustris) were largely absent from the tree stratum in these plots; however, they were present (occasionally in high abundance) in the seedling and sapling strata across all habitat types. Buckthorn bully (Sideroxylon lycioides)—listed as Endangered in the state of Florida by the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS 2020)—was observed in three Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland plots. The tree strata in each broadly defined habitat were dominated by the following species: Coastal Plain Nonalluvial Wetlands-loblolly bay (Gordonia lasianthus) Coastal Plain Open Uplands and Woodlands-longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands-oaks (Quercus sp.) Most stems within the tree strata exhibited healthy vigor and only moderate dieback across all habitat types. However, there was a large amount of standing dead trees in plots within Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands. Downed woody biomass (fuel loads) were highest in the Cedar Point and Thomas Creek land parcels.
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Westrick-Payne, Krista, and Wendy Manning. Recent Marriages to Same-Sex and Different-Sex Couples: Marital History and Age at Marriage, 2022. National Center for Family and Marriage Research, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.25035/ncfmr/fp-23-27.
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Payne, Krista, and Wendy Manning. 2019 Marriages to Same-Sex and Different-Sex Couples: Marital History, Age at Marriage and Presence of Children. National Center for Family and Marriage Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25035/ncfmr/fp-21-19.
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Pulido, José. Domestic Effects of the Pandemic-Induced Container Freight Disruption in a Globalized World. Banco de la República, 2024. https://doi.org/10.32468/be.1288.
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The Covid-19 pandemic severely disrupted the maritime transportation industry, leading to historic surge in container freight rates, which only returned to normal in 2023. In this paper I examine the welfare effects on a particular country, Colombia, of the observed disruption in international freight rates during the 2020-2023 period. For this, I use a quantitative model of international trade with out-of-steady-state transitional dynamics and a global production network, along with an instrumental variable approach to estimate a trade elasticity to freight. I quantify both the direct effects of freight increases on goods transported to and from Colombia, as well as the indirect impact of heightened rates on routes across the rest of the world. The freight disruption caused a welfare loss of 0.4%, attributable solely to the direct effects, as the indirect impact simultaneously enhances Colombia’s relative trade openness, thereby compensating for the increased shipping costs globally.
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Progress Report (2013-2014) of the MDB Working Group on Sustainable Transport. Inter-American Development Bank, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006460.
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1. In June 2012, at the Rio+20 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, our eight Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) delivered a joint statement Commitment to Sustainable Transport (hereafter the Rio+20 Commitment). The aim was to draw attention to the critical role that transport plays in sustainable development, and to make clear our commitment to increase support for more sustainable transport in developing countries. 2. Building on our collective history of support for transport, the Rio+20 Commitment outlined our expectation to provide more than $175 billion of loans and grants for transport in developing countries over the coming decade (2012-2022). Increasingly, this funding will support more sustainable transport projects transport that is accessible, affordable, efficient, financially sustainable, environmentally friendly, and safe. 3. In the second year of the Rio+20 Commitment (2013), our eight MDBs approved approximately $25 billion for transport projects. Combined with the $20 billion approved in the first year of our Commitment (2012), we are on target to meet our goal of $175 billion in support for more sustainable transport in developing countries over the ten-year commitment period. 4. This $25 billion in funding represented more than 200 approvals, including: 115 for roads; 39 for urban transport; 24 for rail; 13 for airports; 5 for inland waterway and maritime projects. 5. In addition, more than 90 technical assistance projects were approved. These efforts seek to support policy development, research, and capacity building efforts. 6. The Rio+20 Commitment includes a commitment to report annually on our sustainable transport-related lending. Under a common reporting framework, our institutions have made progress in assessing the sustainability of our transport lending, in economic, social and environmental terms. 7. For 2013, four of our eight MDBs have completed the assessment of the sustainability of their entire transport lending, up from two in the year before. Other MDBs have conducted sustainability assessments for a number of projects, in preparation for wider application in subsequent years. 8. 2015 marks several important milestones in international processes, which are directly relevant to sustainable transport. These include completion of the Post-2015 Development Agenda, the 21st Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, and the Second Global Ministerial Conference on Road Safety to mark the mid-year of the United Nations Decade of Action on Road Safety. Our MDBs, in close coordination with our client countries and development partners, will work further in support of these processes.