Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Marché électricité"
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Durand, Étienne. "Électricité de source renouvelable et droit du marché interieur européen". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE3072.
Texto completo da fonteThe European Union is pursuing an ambitious policy to develop renewable energy aimed at increasing its share to 20% in the European energy consumption by 2020. To that extent, the European legislator requests from all Member States that they implement national support for the production of renewable electricity, which may fall within the scope of the ban on restrictions and State aids. In parallel, the policy of achieving the internal energy market requires the Member States to liberate the economic sector in which renewable electricity is used. By observing the rules of the internal market, the thesis evaluates the articulation between these objectives that seem contradictory. While the environmental goal underlying the development of renewable electricity justifies an inflexion of the rules of the internal market, it promotes national separation and gives rise to normative competition between the Member States. Each of them uses the attractiveness of its own laws to persuade the economic operators to exploit national energy sources, independently of their natural distribution on a European scale. The empirical observation of this phenomenon highlights the risks it poses to the overall coherence of the European Union’s action in the field of renewable energies. By using some developments of the positive law and the practice of private actors in the market, the thesis evaluates the hypotheses to renew the market mechanisms so that the market becomes a full instrument for promoting renewable electricity in the European Union
Lambinon, Caroline. "Tarification du transport de l'électricité et pouvoir de marché". Paris 9, 2006. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2006PA090009.
Texto completo da fonteOpening the electricity market to competition requires the unbundling of the links production – transport, the transport activity being still regulated. Due to strong network externalities the notion of transport services goes behind the simple accounting framework. These externalities could be priced in real time at each node. This way the coordination of exchanges could be achieved through economic costs borne by the network’s users and not only through accounting costs or arbitrary commercial contracts. There are 2 organizational models opposing each other : a centralized model and a decentralized one. A centralized organization model is characterized by an unique company coordinating both the technical and economical questions and in charge of the pool centralizing the transactions, redistributing the misallocated resources resulting from the constraints linked to the network and guaranteing the transport rights on the supplied capacities. On the other hand, in the decentralized organization model, the economical function is separated from the technical function. Their coordination occurs through a minimum exchange of information between the network’s provider and the actors. These models provide adequate frameworks to define the competition rules given the decentralised nature of the actors’s decisions. Nonethesless they do not solve the question of the market power tentamount to the new structure’s success relying on flexibility and liquidity. In the centralized model, the actors react passively to the resources’ transfert therefore leading to tacit collusion between suppliers. The decentralized model takes into account the strategic nature of the actors’ behavior but the associated transaction costs are too high. To that regard, an intermediary solution like the « flowgates » could offer a suitable alternative. It would also be appropriate to phase up the heavy regulations relying on imperfect measure of competition and to implement instead incentive schemes favoring competitive behavior
Njoh, Samuel. "Valorisation et couverture en marché incomplet : applications aux options sur prix spot électricité". Marne-la-Vallée, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MARN0164.
Texto completo da fonteCharpentier, Bénédicte. "Le marché intérieur de l'électricité". Nancy 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN20002.
Texto completo da fonteSaguan, Marcelo. "L'analyse économique des architectures de marché électrique : application au "market design" du "temps réel"". Paris 11, 2007. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00281131.
Texto completo da fonteGoutte, Stéphane. "Couverture quadratique en marché incomplet pour des processus à accroissements indépendants et applications au marché de l'électricté". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Nord - Paris XIII, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00526383.
Texto completo da fontePallesen, Trine. "L'assemblage d'un marché de l'électricité éolienne : analyse de la construction de dispositifs de marché". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00874816.
Texto completo da fontePallesen, Trine. "L’assemblage d’un marché de l'électricité éolienne : analyse de la construction de dispositifs de marché". Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENMP0019/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis project studies the making of a market for wind power in France. Markets for wind power are often referred to as ‘political markets: On the one hand, wind power has the potential to reduce CO2-emissions and thus stall the effects of electricity generation on climate change; and on the other hand, as an economic good, wind power is said to suffer from (techno-economic) ‘disabilities', such as high costs, fluctuating and unpredictable generation, etc. Therefore, because of its performance as a good, it is argued that the survival of wind power in the market is premised on different instruments, some of which I will refer to as ‘prosthetic devices'. This thesis inquires into two such prosthetic devices: The feed-in tariff and the wind power development zones (ZDE) as they are negotiated and practiced in France, and also the ways in which they affect the making of markets for wind power. Theoretically, this dissertation mobilizes a constructivist approach according to which markets are seen as socio-technical assemblages, stressing the heterogeneous and distributed character of their constituent elements. Furthermore, the approach allows questioning the deadlocked delineation between politics and economics, a delineation that appears to underlie the idea of the political market. Based on fieldwork in France, the core of this thesis is made up of two analyses; firstly, the definition of a feed-in tariff is empirically followed as a process of valuation in which value is seen as the outcome of irregular and costly activities, rather than the identification of an inherent value.To study how value, here in the form of a price, comes about in the case of wind power, five different empirical traces are followed with each one representing a distinct approach to valuation. These valuation proposals involve qualifying and disqualifying wind power, e.g., from CO2-reducing to CO2-emitting, and they span a range of controversies. The second analysis addresses the ZDE-device. It follows the device along two phases; namely, its conception and its emerging practice in a specific case, the territory of Pays de la Serre. The first phase is discussed as a politicization of wind power, a distinct framing of location in which the possibility for local opposition is enforced. The second phase, i.e. the practice of the device in Pays de la Serre, is better described as an economization of the landscape, a process of translating the territory according to one-dimensional layers. In their final presentation, these layers are accumulated and black-boxed, and the criteria for their construction disappear
Aït, Abdeslam Samira. "Du monopole au marché : cas d'EDF une entreprise en mutation". Thesis, Nancy 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NAN22003/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe deregulation of the energy market in Europe, impelled by the European Commission to introduce competition, caused significant upheavals within EDF (Electricité De France). Indeed, managed a long time under the State monopoly, this French historical operator was brought to change its strategy, its structure and its competences management modes, in order to react quickly to the economic changes and their resulting risks. We analyzed in our thesis these transformations starting from two complementary registers: that of the strategy and that of the organization. The study of the strategic register, which was based on a "documentary" analysis through which we analyzed, on the one hand, the weight of the institutional "game" as well as the role of leaders in the EDF strategic orientation and, on the other hand, to analyze how these orientations were translated into structural changes. The study of the organisational register, which was based on two complementary analyses: a qualitative analysis, based on semi-directive talks, and quantitative analysis, based on questionnaires way. Theses analyses were particularly centred on the EDF commercial structures, which abilities of change tighten with being conditioned, as well as in private companies, by a process of internal competences accumulation. These competences depend on the capacity to promote to the collective plan individual competences, e.g. quality of organizational learning
Pilo, Francesca. "La régularisation des favelas par l’électricité : un service entre Etat, marché et citoyenneté". Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PEST1089.
Texto completo da fonteWith the country's hosting of a number of major international events having refocused attention on security issues, the government of the state of Rio de Janeiro introduced a new public security policy at the end of 2008 to regain territorial control over many of the city's favelas through the use of Pacifying Police Units (UPP). This programme has led to a partial revamp of the public authorities' favelas integration project. Since the 1990s, development has mainly involved improving infrastructure and access roads and, to a lesser extent, land and urban regularisation. Now, however, the authorities plan to promote ‘integration through the regularisation' of market and administrative relationships, involving various stakeholders from both the public and private spheres. This thesis examines the integration of these favelas from a relatively unexplored perspective: that of regularisation through the electricity network, the aim of which is to transform ‘illegal users' into new ‘registered customers', connected to the distribution company by a meter. In particular, we will highlight the link between the public and private approaches being used in projects to regularise the electricity service in two favelas, Santa Marta and Cantagalo. To this end, our analysis will focus on studying regularisation of the electricity service using its own tools - including socio-technical (installing meters and rehabilitating the network), commercial (billing collection methods) and controlling electricity consumption tools - and examining the ways in which customers have taken ownership of these. Research shows that regularising the electricity service tends to reshape the favelados' relationship with the state and the market; however, this has a number of limitations: it is difficult to build contractual customer relationships based on trust; activities to control consumption advocate bringing behaviours ‘up to standard' rather than supporting use; service regularisation tends to reproduce socio-economic inequalities rather than rise above them and these inequalities also gradually become less political. Thus, the aim of this thesis is to help improve understanding of the methods being used to integrate the favelas given the growing neo-liberalisation of urban policy
Jandrzejewski, Bouriga Mathilde. "Estimation de matrices de covariance : application à la gestion de risques Marché et financiers d'EDF". Paris 9, 2012. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2012PA090010.
Texto completo da fonteFontaine, Tiphanie. "Le marché de capacité français : la place des énergies renouvelables en présence d'incertitude". Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100056/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe problematic of this thesis focuses on the impacts of the French capacity marketon the deployment of renewable energies in the presence of uncertainty. This marketis set up in France in order to cover high peaks in electricity consumption. It asks suppliers to ensure the consumption of their customers at these peaks by buying guarantees from electricity producers. This mechanism compensates for theavailable capacity during periods of tension between supply and demand, and itsvaluation depends on its contribution to security of supply. Due to their intermittent nature, the remuneration of renewable energies is more uncertain than for other means of electricity production. This thesis studies the adequacy between a goal of security of supply and a goal of deployment of renewable energies, two aims of the French government
Dagot, Claire. "Recherche sur l'ordre concurrentiel du marché de l'électricité : comparaison France-Allemagne". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0307.
Texto completo da fonteThe completion of the internal electricity market depends on the effective construction of a competitive order. Competition law acts therefore as the sole market framework standard. However, the numerous competitive inefficiencies reveal a mixed record of liberalisation. These results are attributed to the existence and introduction of national regulations, such as pricing, which affect the competitive transition of the market. The electricity market is thus marked by a dispute between member states and the European Union. Twenty years after the decision was made to open the market to competition, there is not an electricity market but several electricity markets. Regulatory standards are therefore introduced to complement the opening to competition and fix the various market failures. Introduced ab initio as a transitional and supplementary law, the multiplication of regulatory standards and the enhancement of their scope of application give them a market framework role. This creates a regulation law alongside competition law on the electricity market. But this regulation also results from exogenous and endogenous imperatives to the market. Electricity is not a commodity like others. The essentiality of the electric good and its environmental externalities shape a specific market framework. Consumer protection, environmental protection and security of supply are therefore governed by regulatory standards, or even regulations, which have an impact on the competitive transition. The electricity market is thus confronted with many legal inconsistencies. The multifunctionality of electricity affects the project of a strictly competitive market order
Guillard, Quentin. "Les tarifs réglementés dans le marché de l’électricité". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0250.
Texto completo da fonteThe electricity market is an interesting paradox. Although it has been open to competition since 1996, the visible hand of the state has not disappeared. In fact, while the increasing application of competition law to this market aims to ensure that the principles it embodies reign supreme, foremost among which the free setting of prices, the electricity market resists. The existence of several regulated tariffs (TURPE, TRVE, TOA, ARENH tariff) perfectly illustrate this. This research first analyses the legal justification for maintaining these tariffs in a liberalised market. The aim is to understand whether there is any legal justification for maintaining these tariffs and if any changes to the legal regime applicable to these tariffs have been necessary. The second part of this research is devoted to analysing whether the maintenance of these tariffs could not be affected by the changes taking place in this market. These changes include the finalisation of the liberalisation of the sector and the energy transition
Diongue, Abdou Kâ. "Modélisation longue mémoire multivariée : applications aux problématiques du producteur d'EDF dans le cadre de la libéralisation du marché européen de l'électricité". Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00132732.
Texto completo da fonteCertain crucial financial time series, such as the interconnected european electricity market spot prices, exhibit long memory, in the sense of slowly decaying correlations combined with heteroskedasticity and periodic or none cycles. In modeling such behavior, we consider on one hand, the k factor GIGARCH process and additionally propose two methods to address the related parameter estimation problem. In each method, we explore the asymptotic theory for estimation. Moreover, the asymptotic properties are validated and compared via Monte Carlo simulations. On the other hand, we introduce a new multivariate long memory generalized model (kfactor MVGARMA) in order to model interconnected european electricity market spot prices. We sugger a practical framework to address the parameter estimation problem. We investigate the analytical expressions of the least squares predictors for the two proposed models and their confidence intervals. To finish, we apply the two proposed models to the french and german electricity market spot prices and a comparison is made between their forecasting abilities
Pignon, Virginie. "L' harmonisation des méthodes de tarification du transport d'électricité : une analyse économique du marché unique européen". Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010030.
Texto completo da fonteBoucher, Pierre-Olivier. "Usage des thermostats électroniques dans le marché résidentiel québécois : une analyse microéconomique". Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/23161/23161.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteSlautsky, Emmanuel. "Droit européen du marché intérieur et organisation administrative des États membres de l’Union européenne". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/231665.
Texto completo da fonteDoctorat en Sciences juridiques
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Pham, Thao. "Market power in power markets in Europe : the Cases in French and German woholesale electricity markets". Thesis, Paris 9, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA090019/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe two last centuries have witnessed an exceptional revolution in the organization of electric power markets worldwide. The industry's organization has changed from vertically integrated monopolies under regulation to unbundled structures that favor market mechanisms; known as reform process in Europe. The shift to reliance on market prices, given concentrated structures and particular characteristics of electricity industry, raises a possibility that some firms could influence the market prices by exercising their market power. The issues of "market power" in a given industry have been abundantly employed in the literatureof Industrial Organization since the late 1970s but theoretical and empirical studies of "market power in electricity markets" have only been developed recently. In this thesis, we attempt to carry out an insight research around market power questions in deregulated wholesale electricity markets in Europe, as regarding the way of defining and measuring it. We carry out empirical studies in two of the biggest liberalized electricity markets in Europe: France (2009-2012's data) and Germany (2011's data), using econometric regressions and electricity simulation models as main methodologies. The subject is particularly relevant inthe context of energy transition in Europe (transition energetique in France and Energiewende in Germany)
Boroumand, Raphaël Homayoun. "Fonction d'intermédiation et dynamique concurrentielle : le cas de la fourniture sur les marchés électriques". Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0033.
Texto completo da fonteThe thesis studies the competitive specificity of electricity intermediation in decentralized systems. First, we analyze electricity intermediation’s economics regarding to other industries. Then we compare, on a risk management perspective the efficiency of different sourcing portfolios made of financial contracts, options, and physical assets of different technologies. Finally, we study intermediation strategies in an imperfect competition configuration. We demonstrate that electricity intermediaries have strong incentives to vertically integrate in order to efficiently cover the risks inherent to their economical and institutional functions. Because of the structural dimensions of electricity's market risks, the risk exposure is unknown ex ante and will only be revealed ex post when consumption is known. Vertically integrated, intermediaries will adopt parallel pricing behaviors (tacit collusion) to maximize their profits and exercise a collective market power. They do not behave as pure retailers. The latter would symmetrically transfer downstream ail variations of their sourcing costs in a setting of price competition
Meunier, Guy. "Concurrence oligopolistique et investissement : application aux marchés électriques". Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0012.
Texto completo da fonteLiberalisation of electricity markets is a major reform of a key sector of modem economies. One motivation behind the market reforms in electricity industries is to encourage efficient investment in the optimal mix of technologies. But there are growing concerns about the ability of the new liberalized market regime to induce sufficient investment in building capacity, in the optimal technology mix. The thesis deals with the issue of investment by an oligopoly of producers in an electricity market. It is composed of four chapters. The first chapter analyzes the strategic choice of capacity with several technologies and heterogeneous producers when demand is variable. The second chapter analyzes how economies of scale interact with imperfect competition emphasizing the difficulty to invest in nuclear capacity. The third chapter analyzes the intervention of a public firm that aims to compensate a lack of private investment. And finally the forth chapter deals with the issue of emissions permits markets. It is stressed that an integrated emissions market creates relation between markets initially isolated
Pinto, Marinho Nuno. "Réduction d'un modèle de système électrique pour des études technico-économiques". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLC051/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe simulation of complex processes in large scale power systems needs the reduction of the problem. How to reduce the spatial complexity of a large scale power network while minimizing information loss? To answer this question we have divided this work in three main steps: 1) network buses aggregation; 2) modelling of the clusters' links; 3) defining the equivalent branches maximum exchange capacity.The bus aggregations in a cluster implies that it will be treated as a coppper-plate by the market model. Therefore, the most frequent network congestions must be identified ideally placed at the clusters frontiers. After the reduction, the same power flow repartition must be found in both reduced and complete model. To do that, a methodology to define a PTDF matrix was developed. For economic purpose studies, the branches maximum capacity is a key parameter, to define this value, a methodology is proposed that estimates the equivalent transmission capacities using historical system operating set points.These approaches were applied to the European transmission network and allowed to define a reduced model that minimises the information loss
Porkar, Koumleh Siyamak. "Planification technico-économique de la production décentralisée raccordée aux réseaux de distribution". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10021.
Texto completo da fonteIn the recent years, there is a worldwide wave of considerable changes in power industries, including the operation of distribution networks. Deregulation, open market, alternative and local energy sources, new energy conversion technologies and other future development of electrical power systems must pursue different goals. Also growth in the demand and change in load patterns may create major bottlenecks in the delivery of electric energy. This would cause distribution system stress. The complexity of the problems related to distribution systems planning is mainly caused by multiple objectives. It is predicted that Distributed Generation (DG) will play an increasing role in the electrical power system of the future, not only for the cost savings but also for the additional power quality. Careful coordination and placement of DGs is mandatory. Improper placement can reduce DGs benefits and even jeopardize the system operation and condition. This thesis discusses the effects of DG implementation under different distribution system conditions and states not only to decrease system costs and losses but also to improve power quality, system voltage and line congestion. Three methodologies included mathematical model to obtain the optimal DG capacity sizing and sitting investments with capability to solve large distribution system planning problem. These frameworks have allowed validating the economical and electrical benefits of introducing DG by solving the distribution system planning problem and by improving power quality of distribution system. DG installation increases the feeders’ lifetime by reducing their loading and adds the benefit of using the existing distribution system for further load growth without the need for feeders upgrading. More, by investing in DG, the DISCO can minimize its total planning cost and reduce its customers’ bills
Foucault, Fiona. "Optimisation de l’implantation de centrales éoliennes dans l’environnement d’un marché à prix locaux". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM079/document.
Texto completo da fonteElectricity markets are in a period of intense change. This is notably due to liberalization efforts to increase the extent of electricity system’s management carried out through market operations. One such example is the implementation of nodal prices for network constraints. Moreover, the surge for electricity from renewable sources questions the operation of the electricity system. In this framework, the investment issue for wind producers is becoming more complex. Its income may go from a subsidy-based scheme to a full market participation in the short term, and more volatile according to time and location (in a nodal-pricing scheme). Bearing all this in mind, this PhD work first analyzes the impact of potential installation sites’ characteristics: load factor, and predictability (a site’s ability to enable reliable predictions), on investment. To this end, we carry out a statistical analysis on historical data from several markets, then we suggest an estimator of wind producers revenue, to carry out the same work with a less costly approach than exhaustive calculation. Then, in order to carry out the same kind of analysis, this time in a customizable framework, we build an algorithm to solve the problem of Optimal investment planning of wind turbines within a nodal price market environment. It takes into account the participation in the Day-ahead market as well as penalties paid for imbalances between the energy contracted and injected in real-time (due to forecasting errors). We assume renewable production is important enough to influence market prices which are also generated with our model, and we integrate scenarios for wind production and demand. Therefore we have a stochastic problem which we solve using Benders decomposition. Ultimately we analyze the impact of load factor and predictability on optimal investment according to the chosen setting for regulation cost, line capacities and wind data correlation
Isidoro, Cécile. "L'ouverture communautaire du marché de l'électricité à la concurrence et sa mise en oeuvre (Allemagne, France, Italie, Royaume-Uni)". Paris 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA020098.
Texto completo da fonteDubreuil, François. "Recruter sur un marché interne : les justifications des décisions d'attribution d'emploi de cadre, au sein d'une entreprise française de distribution d'énergie". Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23947/23947_1.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteDubreuil, François. "Recruter sur un marché interne : les justifications des décisions d'attribution d'emploi de cadre, au sein d'une entreprise française de distribution d'énergie". Thesis, Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100062.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis is a study of how managers justify their staffing decisions. We spent three years at the distribution management branch of two French energy companies. We investigated the staffing tools, performed 65 formal interviews with recruiting managers, HR people and internal staff candidates and analysed data on job placement for the 6500 staff. Theoretically, we rely on the conventionalist and institutionalist approach. Studying the debates in the literature on competency, we show that while some specialists want to acknowledge competency, others want to manage it, others to certify it and others still to create networks of competencies. These specialists put emphasis on official, managerial, technical and relational competencies. Empirically, we show that there are four ways to staff positions: career path planning, recruiting on the internal market, human resources management and networking. Between 1980 and 2004, the career path planning approach is progressively replaced by the human resources management approach. The internal market looses its fluidity
Porkar, Koumleh Siyamak. "Planification technico-économique de la production décentralisée raccordée aux réseaux de distribution". Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10021/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn the recent years, there is a worldwide wave of considerable changes in power industries, including the operation of distribution networks. Deregulation, open market, alternative and local energy sources, new energy conversion technologies and other future development of electrical power systems must pursue different goals. Also growth in the demand and change in load patterns may create major bottlenecks in the delivery of electric energy. This would cause distribution system stress. The complexity of the problems related to distribution systems planning is mainly caused by multiple objectives. It is predicted that Distributed Generation (DG) will play an increasing role in the electrical power system of the future, not only for the cost savings but also for the additional power quality. Careful coordination and placement of DGs is mandatory. Improper placement can reduce DGs benefits and even jeopardize the system operation and condition. This thesis discusses the effects of DG implementation under different distribution system conditions and states not only to decrease system costs and losses but also to improve power quality, system voltage and line congestion. Three methodologies included mathematical model to obtain the optimal DG capacity sizing and sitting investments with capability to solve large distribution system planning problem. These frameworks have allowed validating the economical and electrical benefits of introducing DG by solving the distribution system planning problem and by improving power quality of distribution system. DG installation increases the feeders’ lifetime by reducing their loading and adds the benefit of using the existing distribution system for further load growth without the need for feeders upgrading. More, by investing in DG, the DISCO can minimize its total planning cost and reduce its customers’ bills
Camós, Daurella Daniel. "Essays on the electricity sector in developing countries". Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0086.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis focuses on the electricity sector in developing economies. This is an important sector given the well-documented contribution of high quality electricity services to economie growth and social welfare. Yet, today, 1. 2 billion people Worldwide lack access to electricity - half of them in sub-Saharan Africa. The sector is characterized by the high cost of electricity investments combined with the tight fiscal constraints often faced by developing countries' governments. In this PhD thesis, I focus on three specifie aspects that may not have received enough attention in the literature. The findings from these three chapters contribute to a better understanding of some aspects of electricity policies in the developing world. I do not attempt to provide a framework from which a unique recipes. The first chapter is called "Procuring the right supervisors for infrastructure investments in developing countries". The second chapter is called "Does size matter for performance? Evidence from Brazilian electricity distribution utilities". The third and last chapter is called "When and how does rural electrification increase labor supply?"
Cateura, Olivier. "Dynamique des stratégies concurrentielles dans un contexte de libéralisation : le cas de l'industrie électrique en France". Phd thesis, Université Montpellier I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00257414.
Texto completo da fontePour conduire cette recherche, nous avons choisi d'étudier une série de cas d'entreprises (EDF, Electrabel, Endesa, Enel, Gaz de France, Poweo, Direct Energie...), actives sur le marché français de l'électricité actuellement en cours de libéralisation (1996 – 2006). Cette recherche qualitative conduite par études de cas longitudinales, s'inscrit dans le cadre d'une convention CIFRE (entre le Ministère de la Recherche & la société Electrabel France) incluant une implication forte dans la vie de l'entreprise et du secteur.
Grâce à l'utilisation des séquences stratégiques multidimensionnelles, nous avons identifié deux périodes stratégiques, caractérisées pour la première, par une logique d'affrontement puis la seconde par une logique de retenue mutuelle. Nous défendons l'idée qu'après une première phase d'apprentissage des règles d'un nouveau marché libéralisé (affrontement, diversification, internationalisation), les opérateurs ont rapidement et collectivement repositionné leurs priorités sur une stratégie européenne focalisée sur la convergence gaz – électricité. La mise en place d'une compétition multimarchés a entraîné l'apparition d'une retenue mutuelle, particulièrement profitable pour les grands acteurs. La conduite d'une stratégie intégrée (marché & hors marché) ressort comme une variable importante dans la conduite et la légitimation de ces comportements.
Vergnol, Arnaud. "Intégration dans le réseau électrique et le marché de l’électricité de production décentralisée d’origine renouvelable : gestion des congestions locales". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ECLI0014/document.
Texto completo da fonteDevelopment of wind generation is a mean towards global warming reduction. However, in some parts of the electrical grid, the massive integration of renewable generation can lead to congestion problems. These congestions are related to the impossibility for the power grid to transport the generation. Nowadays, congestion management methods are based on day(s)-ahead computation of generation restriction which leads to important production losses for renewables. Based on this context, it’s therefore important to develop a methodology which is optimal, reliable and non-discriminatory for renewable.In this work, the proposed congestion management method is based on corrective actions. These actions are computed in real-time using regulation loops and Petri net-based algorithms. A stability study proved that gain margins are sufficient to assure the stability of the corrective actions. The algorithm allows an optimal selection of the generators than will participate in the congestion management. This selection is based on their cost and efficiency for congestion alleviation. Simulation results using the software EUROSTAG have shown the efficiency of the method and its adaptability to different generator types. Furthermore, general conclusions on congestions costs according to different regulations on the renewable generation were obtained
Seck, Babacar. "Optimisation stochastique sous contrainte de risque et fonctions d'utilité". Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004576.
Texto completo da fonteLopez, Hechem Ana Margarita. "Contribution à l'étude du financement de la transition énergétique : l'exemple des centrales électriques marines au Mexique". Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010284.
Texto completo da fonteThe complexity of infrastructural offshore projects, in particular the installation of electric utilities, as a consequence of a non-adapted legal framework applicable to both electricity and to the exploitation of the maritime space and of marine resources, as well as the complexity of bilateral relations existing between the neighboring countries of the Gulf of Mexico, should be seen as an argument in favor of the use of public private partnerships rather than traditional forms of partnerships, especially because the Mexican energy market's structure has just been reformed, giving thus place to changes in existing paradigms, in the applicable legislation and regulation and in the role of existing authorities. Nevertheless, in its current state, the Mexican electricity market remains likely to impede a free and healthy competition, situation that emphasizes the importance of preserving investors' legal security, especially in the case of complex infrastructural projects. Conceived within the framework of public private partnerships, it is proposed a financial scheme based on the use of financial derivatives having for underlying asset electricity indexes, accompanied by its legal framework conceived on the basis of European texts. In fact, because of the cross-cutting nature that characterizes the right of electricity, its study should not be limited to the mere installation of material infrastructures, but should also justify the creation of a wholesale electricity market and the setting of bases for the negotiation of new financial instruments
Li, Yuanjing. "New dynamics in the electricity sector : consumption-growth nexus, market structure and renewable power". Thesis, Paris 9, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA090041/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe objective of this thesis is to study the new dynamics and their impacts in the electricity sector. It discusses the critical issues from the perspectives of macroeconomics, structural configuration, and a transition to renewable energy sources. More precisely, three topics emerge: the nexus between electricity consumption and economic growth, the impacts of vertical integration between power generators and retailers, and the market impacts and integration issues of intermittent renewable generation. By studying these three topics, it provides answers to the key challenges of supply security, competitiveness and sustainable development in the energy sector. By giving new research directions of energy economics, it serves to inspire related policy debates
Rious, Vincent. "Le développement du réseau de transport dans un système électrique libéralisé, un problème de coordination avec la production". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00218150.
Texto completo da fonteStaropoli, Carine. "Conception des marchés efficaces pour les secteurs déréglementés : le cas des marchés de gros d'électricité". Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010067.
Texto completo da fonteConcettini, Silvia. "Competition in electricity markets : retailers, generators and technologies". Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100033/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe objective of this thesis is to answer to three questions raised by the wave of reform in electricity industries: has retail liberalization achieved its objectives in European Union? How traditional and renewable generators compete in a liberalized market? What is the impact on congestion and zonal price differences of increased production from renewable intermittent sources in Italy? The first chapter provides a mid-term evaluation of liberalization of electricity retailing in Europe. We propose a comprehensive theory on retail liberalization and test its consistency with the practice in European Union. The analysis highlights the presence of an oligopolistic supply structure, a limited level of customer engagement in the market and asymmetries in the rate and speed of cost-pass through. The attribution of the Default/Last Resort service through an auction mechanism seems the best solution to favor the development of competition. In the second chapter we study the strategic interactions between a traditional generation technology and a renewable one characterized by an intermittent availability of capacity. We employ a modified version of the Dixit model for entry deterrence with two post entry competition settings: the Cournot framework in a two stage game and the dominant firm-competitive fringe setting in a three stage game. In both cases, the analysis suggests that the renewable generator exploits the merit order rule to crowd out the production of its rival. In the third chapter we analyze the impact of renewable generation on congestion and zonal price differences in Italy. Using a unique database we estimate two econometric models on five zonal pairings: a multinomial logit model for the occurrence and direction of congestion and an OLS model for the size of paired-price differences. The analysis shows that in an importing region the effect of a larger local renewable supply is to decrease (increase) the probability of congestion in entry (exit). Increasing renewable generation seems to have a significant impact on the islander zones, decreasing (increasing) the level of positive (negative) price differences
Rouveyrollis-Roussel, Nicolas. "Etude et modélisation des prix sur les marchés de l'électricité en Europe". Paris, ENMP, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENMP1380.
Texto completo da fonteSince a dozen years, the structure of the energy trading in Europe was deeply restructured. In particular, since the adoption in December 1996 then in June 1998 of two historical directives, the European Union wished to set up a large domestic market of electricity and gas. Consequences of these directives, organized markets for long and short term are now a reality. Currently the modelling of the dynamic of spot and forward prices of electricity is a real challenge in the fields of quantitative finance. The research task which we concretize by this thesis is cut out according to the following structure:Towards the modeling of the price of electricity. Modelling spot price of electricity : the case of Powernext. Backtesting and empirical validation. Modeling of forward prices the case of EEX
Baudesson, Philippe. "Sûreté de fonctionnement, reconfiguration et marches dégradées des onduleurs multiniveaux à IGBT". Toulouse, INPT, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPT027H.
Texto completo da fonteSanta, brigida pimentel Isaque. "Valorisation optimale asymptotique avec risque asymétrique et applications en finance". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLX059/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis is constituted by two parts that can be read independently.In the first part, we study several problems of hedging and pricing of options related to a risk measure. Our main approach is the use of an asymmetric risk function and an asymptotic framework in which we obtain optimal solutions through nonlinear partial differential equations (PDE).In the first chapter, we focus on pricing and hedging European options. We consider the optimization problem of the residual risk generated by a discrete-time hedging in the presence of an asymmetric risk criterion. Instead of analyzing the asymptotic behavior of the solution to the associated discrete problem, we study the integrated asymmetric measure of the residual risk in a Markovian framework. In this context, we show the existence of the asymptotic risk measure. Thus, we describe an asymptotically optimal hedging strategy via the solution to a fully nonlinear PDE.The second chapter is an application of the hedging method to the valuation problem of the power plant. Since the power plant generates maintenance costs whether it is on or off, we are interested in reducing the risk associated with its uncertain revenues by hedging with forwards contracts. We study the impact of a maintenance cost depending on the electricity price into the hedging strategy.In the second part, we consider several control problems associated with economy and finance.The third chapter is dedicated to the study of a McKean-Vlasov (MKV) problem class with common noise, called polynomial conditional MKV. We reduce this polynomial class by a Markov embedding to finite-dimensional control problems.We compare three different probabilistic techniques for numerical resolution of the reduced problem: quantization, control randomization and regress later.We provide numerous numerical examples, such as the selection of a portfolio under drift uncertainty.In the fourth chapter, we solve dynamic programming equations associated with financial valuations in the energy market. We consider that a calibrated underlying model is not available and that a limited sample of historical data is accessible.In this context, we suppose that forward contracts are governed by hidden factors modeled by Markov processes. We propose a non-intrusive method to solve these equations through empirical regression techniques using only the log price history of observable futures contracts
Roncoroni, Andrea. "Essais en finance quantitative : modélisation et calibrage dans les marchés de taux d'intérerêt et d'électricité". Paris 9, 2002. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2002PA090007.
Texto completo da fonteBassiere, Alicia. "Powering the Future : the Decarbonization of the Electricity Industry under Uncertainty". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024IPPAG006.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis examines the integration of uncertainty in long-term electricity investment modeling, focusing on public policies that support the transition to decarbonized electricity. It is structured around two main areas : probabilistic investment modeling and policy analysis, using stylized cases inspired by Germany's energy transition.The first chapter presents a centralized probabilistic model for investment under uncertainty, including extreme shocks. This model assesses the impact of policies like carbon taxes and renewable capacity targets on costs, emissions, and reliability. It shows that deterministic approaches can increase electricity costs and CO2 emissions, especially under shock conditions.The second chapter employs a mean-field game model to analyze the entry and exit decisions of electricity producers. This model innovates by incorporating factors like plant age and fuel prices. It demonstrates the equivalence between centralized planning and a decentralized market, enabling a comprehensive study of policies. Simulations reveal that while carbon taxes and subsidies are effective, their combination proves most optimal for decarbonization, despite a long-term price increase driven by gas usage
Beyrière, Loïs. "EDF face à la montée de la précarité énergétique : Quelle(s) posture(s) stratégique(s) pourrait adopter l’entreprise ?" Thesis, Pau, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PAUU2015/document.
Texto completo da fonteSince the beginning of the economic crisis in 2008, poll and sociological studies have shown that the fear of entering into a precarious situation is widespread in French society. Ever though, historical energy suppliers (EDF and GDF) have established systems of solidarity for poor people, they do not seem to have taken into account, for the time being, the potential fear of some consumers to fall into precarious situation. This observation has led us to pose the following research question: what strategic position(s) could EDF adopt in order to deal with the customer’s fear to fall into precariousness? To answer this question, we have mobilized three theoretical fields. The first one concerns the concept of market orientation defined by Day (1990) as the ability to understand and satisfy customers ‘needs. The market orientation is divided into two types of strategy: the market driven type for reacting to market movements, and the market driving type for creating a new market. Considering that energy supplier do not take any action regarding the fear of non precarious customer, related to precariousness, we are committed to studying the possible existence of a new market. This led us to study a second field of theory on the emergence of needs. To anticipate consumer reaction toward a certain position of an energy supplier, we focused on a last theoretical part dealing with the behavior of consumer response to companies offers. To determine whether a position in relation with the fear of entering in precariousness would be possible, we investigated whether needs linked with this fear exist. To this purpose, we used the projective method of narrative immersion. This method consists in immersing the person in the story of a fictional character facing a series of events introducing him in a precarious situation. This research has highlighted the existence of three groups, characterized by special needs: families with children, retired and young workers. We also showed that consumer attitudes to a simulated position of an energy supplier about this fear were nuanced, even negative. This could leave little scope for defining the position of energy supplier on this issue
Vassilopoulos, Philippe. "Les prix des marchés de gros de l'électricité donnent-ils les bons signaux et les bonnes incitations pour l’investissement en capacité de production électrique ?" Paris 9, 2007. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2007PA090053.
Texto completo da fonteWe look at how prices from energy-only power markets can send the right signals and give the correct incentives for investments in production capacity. Through numerical simulations of spot prices over 2003-2005 we compare the investment signal sent by observed electricity prices in France and what would be competitive prices with an optimal mix and with the installed capacity. The observed prices tend to overestimate profitability for the baseload and underestimate profitability for the peak load. However, as a large share of consumers is still paying regulated tariffs, scarcity rents are capped. We simulate future prices for France for 2010 to 2020 to understand the incentives to invest. When the entry is free, the incentives to invest given by the future prices are consistent with the optimal mix including the interconnections and nuclear build is strong. With barriers for new entrants (i. E. Finding new sites), there are no incentives for the incumbent to add more nuclear capacity unless units are bid strategically. Moreover, it can also be profitable to limit prices and entry in order to increase future revenues. When the baseload is less concentrated and instead of a dominant firm the nuclear capacity is divided into five (equal share) firms, incentives to invest reappear
Mkireb, Chouaïb. "Optimisation et gestion des risques pour la valorisation de la flexibilité énergétique : application aux systèmes d’eau potable". Thesis, Compiègne, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019COMP2492/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn a context of demographic growth in which natural resources are more and more limited, optimized management of water and power networks is required. Changes in electricity markets regulation in several countries have recently enabled effective integration of Demand Response mechanisms in power systems, making it possible to involve electricity consumers in the real-time balance of the power system. Through its flexible components (variable-speed pumps, tanks), drinking water systems, which are huge electricity consumers, are suitable candidates for energy-efficient Demand Response mechanisms. However, these systems are often managed independently of power system operation, for both economic and operational reasons. In this thesis, the objective is the evaluation of the economic and the ecological values related to the integration of drinking water systems flexibility into power system operation through french demand response mechanisms. An analysis of the architecture of french electricity markets is first conducted, allowing to target the most suitable demand response mechanisms considering water systems operating constraints. Some mathematical models to optimize water systems flexibility are then proposed and solved through original heuristics, integrating uncertainties about water demands, market prices and pumping stations availability. Numerical results, which are discussed using three real water systems in France, integrate the economic aspects inclunding risks, operational and ecological aspects. Significant reductions in water systems operating costs are estimated through the optimization of demand response power bids on the French spot power market during peak times. In parallel, uncertainties consideration secures the operation of water systems in real time, and makes it possible to manage economic risks related to the power grid balancing. In addition, significant savings in CO2 emissions, estimated to around 400 tons per day in France, can be achieved by reducing electricity production from fossil sources
Nait, Meziane Mohamed. "Identification d’appareils électriques par analyse des courants de mise en marche". Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE2063/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe related field to this work is called “energy disaggregation" where the main concern is to break down, or disaggregate, the global electrical energy consumption (e.g. wholehouse consumption) into a detailed consumption given as end-use (e.g. appliance-level) consumption information. This latter gives consumption feedback to consumers and electricity providers and is helpful for energy savings. Three main questions have to be answered in the energy disaggregation field : who is consuming ? when ? and how much ? The research conducted in this thesis focuses on electrical appliances identification, i.e. the who question, considering particularly home appliances. For this purpose, we use the turn-on transient current signal which we model using a new model we proposed and use its estimated model parameters for the identification task
Benhassine, Wassim. "Le processus de libéralisation des industries électriques et gazières européennes à travers les stratégies de fusion acquisition et d'investissement des firmes : propositions pour une sécurité énergétique renforcée". Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00408083.
Texto completo da fonteHary, Nicolas. "Analyse quantitative des architectures des marchés électriques : illustration des dynamiques de court et long termes". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEM007/document.
Texto completo da fonteFollowing power market reforms, market design, i.e. the study of new markets to replace efficiently the previous monopoly, becomes central in the economic literature. However, due to several technical characteristics of electricity, this task is complex. A third party is then required to help design these markets in an efficient way and to set the rules under which private decentralized market players will interact. This complexity explains why market design remains a work in progress. This thesis contributes to the current discussions by giving insights on the most efficient market designs to implement to ensure the reliability of power systems.A first focus is made on the short-term dimension of reliability, i.e. the security of power systems. To maintain a balanced system, the system operator has to ensure the availability of a sufficient level of reserves in real time: this is the aim of the security model. In this thesis, a quantitative assessment of the economic impacts that a transition to a different security model would have for the French power system is carried out. An agent-based modelling is developed to simulate the decisions of profit-maximizing players on several short-term markets. Simulations show that the current French security model results in lower costs than the alternative one implemented in several European countries, and should therefore be maintained for the French power system.A second focus is made on the long-term dimension of reliability, i.e. the adequacy. The economic performances of a capacity market and a strategic reserve mechanism, two mechanisms designed to solve the adequacy issue, are compared. In order to capture the cyclical nature of investments, these mechanisms are studied from a dynamic point of view. To this end, a long-term model is developed based on a System Dynamics approach. It simulates the investment and shutdown decisions made by market players considering their imperfect behaviours. Main results show that the capacity market solves the adequacy issue at a lower cost than the strategic reserve mechanism
Khalfallah, Haikel. "Etude quantitative et expérimentale des mécanismes d'incitation aux investissements dans les marchés d'électricité : Analyse à court terme et à long terme des stratégies des acteurs". Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00942300.
Texto completo da fonteVanet, Emmanuelle. "Distribution de l'intelligence et approche hétérarchique des marchés de l'énergie distribués dans les Smart Grids". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAT112/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn close relationship with the European project DREAM, this doctoral thesis focus on operational evolutions in tomorrow’s distribution networks wich will integrate a larger amount of distributed renewable resources. A centralized control of all the entities (from controllable loads to embedded generators) is overall optimal but complex and not so reliable. This study addresses the feasibility of a distributed control, autonomous, self-learning and real time operation of local resources and network’s components. The main concern to explore will be the creation of ad-hoc federations of agents that will flexibly adjust their hierarchy to current needs. These collaborative structures will use different coordination strategies ranging from market-based transactions, to balancing optimization market (ancillary services) and to local control (frequency control and self-healing)