Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Marché du travail – Burundi"
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Ndayikeza, Michel Armel. "Trois essais sur le travail et l’éducation". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UCFA0049.
Texto completo da fonteAfrica faces the challenge of generating more and better jobs to keep pace with its rapidly expanding working-age population. This entails tackling the problem of young graduates finding it difficult to secure employment that aligns with their qualifications, along with enhancing education and training systems. This thesis delves into these issues and investigates some potential solutions.The first chapter starts from the observation that limited prospects for high-skill employment and poverty push numerous college graduates into jobs which do not require a college degree. In order to examine this issue, we conducted a field experiment in Burundi which elicited preferences of employers with respect to low-skill job experience of recent college graduates. We estimate the impact of signaling various types of low-skill experiences, such as working as a phone credit sales agent, a waiter, a security guard and other positions that do not necessitate a college degree, on the hiring interest of employers in a high-skill job. Results indicate employers prefer job seekers with low-skill experience rather than individuals with no experience at all, irrespective of the quality of the job seeker.The second chapter also speaks to the problem of underemployment. More specifically, it examines the impact of underemployment on primary schooling, using individual level panel data from Ethiopia. The study exploits the variation in children’s exposure to underemployment of adults within their households using an identification strategy that takes into account the staggered nature of the treatment. The study investigates the causal effect of underemployment on school absenteeism as well as out of school activities. The empirical evidence suggests that underemployment reduces the motivation for schooling by increasing the involvement of children in out-of-school activities, namely household agricultural activities, collecting water and firewood, and other activities. These findings contribute to understanding some of the reasons behind the contemporary observation that more children in developing countries are attending school but are learning relatively less.The final chapter shifts the focus on the problem of under-training by employers in general skills. We explore this phenomenon among agricultural employers in Burundi. We investigate whether employers do not train casual laborers in improved, labor-intensive, agricultural techniques because they do not “appropriate” the returns. First, we provide empirical evidence for appropriability failures by inducing a subset of employers to train workers in some local labor markets (villages) and not others. Second, we show that by increasing the likelihood that the trained worker will work for the training employer in the future, employers’ willingness to train increases by 50 percentage points. Our findings suggest that a sizable wedge between private and social returns to training may impede on-the-job training, with meaningful consequences for worker productivity and output, especially if the education system is weak
Lapoire, Mireille. "Travail temporaire, marché durable : le travail intérimaire en France". Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DENS0024.
Texto completo da fonteThere was a fairly steady increase in temporary agency work (TAW) in France between 1972 and 2004, whereas that work was strictly regulated by rules that remained unchanged. This doctoral thesis aims at accounting for this a priori paradoxical increase. The research is based upon multilevel, strategic and systemic studies. The behaviours of individuals who are involved in the TAW system and in a similar social network were observed : temporary workers, user firms, temporary work agencies, and agents of public services who belong to 8 segments of the labour market connected to 4 sectors - logistics, transportation, architecture and call centres. The contexts of their action, employment, economic and judicial situations were examined within several conceptual frameworks : sociologies of work, employment, market and law, economic and financial analyses. Thus, the legal constraints, the high cost of TAW for workers, users and agencies and the unpredictability of their behaviours, which at first sight seemed to interfère with the development of TAW, were thoroughly analysed ; they can accotait for the way the transactions between these individuals, developed and lasted. These elements turn out to be the very conditions for this collective gaine. More legally bound and controlled than the others, the agencies know how to control their constraints and those of theirs "partners". They also manage to turn them into resources, to make temporary workers and users dependent, even though the latter seem to be a priori free. They finally manage to share out the costs of those transactions. They transfer part of the costs to the 3 main parties of the TAW system and the rest to other parties
Prina, Sophie. "Le marché du travail Rhône-Alpes/Piémont, un marché concret". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO20043.
Texto completo da fonteGlobalization and Europeanization are involving a more local management for the cross-border labour market. In this framework, the Interreg project between Rhone Alpes and Piemont called “working without borders” is a real interregional laboratory for the european labour market construction. The public employment services cooperation and their actors steming from a centralized model in France and from a decentralized one in Italy are participating in the social construction of the Rhone-Alpes - Piemont labour market. This is through the labour market modeling and sociografy that are pointed up the peculiar processes of the different institutions and of their protagonists. The Rhone Alpes-Piemont labour market is very specific one, due to the dynamic heritage which created it, the current structures bearing it and the expansion prospects that its cross border position enables. The specificity of the border space created in the framework of this type of cooperations is fed by the complexity of institutional meshings and the lack of synchronization of public utilities on the european field. The model provided by the analysis relies on a quadruple assumption: this is a market of professions, a market of public utilities, a transborder market and a transitional market. Consequently, this model is specific and can be transposable to any other system
Jean, Sébastien. "Commerce international et marché du travail". Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010041.
Texto completo da fonteMazerolle, Fabrice. "Echange international et marché du travail". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987IEPP0012.
Texto completo da fonteSales, Marine. "Frictions financières et marché du travail". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLN041/document.
Texto completo da fonteUnemployment rates in developed economies are now significantly different. Labor market institutions are also diverse and multifaceted. These institutions could be considered as allowing to increase or to reduce the levels of unemployment. However empirically, there is no direct and unambiguous link between unemployment rates and institutions in the labor market. By considering more precisely the way in which firms decide on their payroll, we realize that we omit, by making this simple correlation link, an essential variable that determines the hiring and firing behavior of firms, namely the funding variable. The external financing capacity of firms may determine the labor demand, conditional on the institutions in the labor market. Thus, the problem is not whether institutions in the labor market condition its relative performance but rather whether the couple of institutions in labor and credit markets determines this performance. A firm is certainly constrained by a greater or lesser flexibility in the labor market, but its computations are part of a broader perspective, which is whether or not it has access to the funding it needs. The importance of financial frictions in the credit market determines the level of the external financing constraint for firms. This could then have an impact on their hiring plans and job levels in economies depending on the prevailing labor market institutions. Financial frictions should therefore influence the main labor market macroeconomic variables, namely unemployment, wage level and the number of vacancies, conditional on existing labor market institutions
Gouider, Abdessalem. "La discrimination par genre sur le marché du travail : fondements théoriques et application au marché du travail tunisien". Paris 13, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA131021.
Texto completo da fonteMirza, Daniel. "Commerce international, structures de marché et impact sur le marché du travail". Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010052.
Texto completo da fontePochet, Buttin Christine. "Le fonctionnement réel du marché du travail". Paris 9, 1986. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1986PA090012.
Texto completo da fonteHow does the labor market actually works ? The labor market is nowadays characterized by a high rigidity of wages, which decrease very little even when the supply of labor is high. Thus, this renewed study of the labor market will mainly rely on the analysis of quantity adjustments. First, the concept of labor market is abandonned and the concept of qualification market is ontroduced. Labor is no longer considered as a homogeneous factor, as in the classical theory. This work will demonstrate that qualified labor is exchanged on the labor market i. E labor which is characterized by skills required for a job or mastered by an applicant. This market place will be called the qualification market. Then, this work will analyse how the qualification market actually works. A short-term attitude of business firms will be to take advantage of the flexibility of every employee's qualification (by in-house training) to fit the requirements of production. This phenomenom is particularly obvious at the level of local labor markets. In the long run, technical innovations and the differential development of
Fontaine, Idriss. "Essais sur les dynamiques du marché du travail". Thesis, La Réunion, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LARE0056/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis aims at understanding labor market dynamics. In order to shed light on the mechanisms at the origin of labor market stocks, e.g. the unemployment rate, this thesis studies flows of workers. Indeed, changes in stocks hide a perpetual movement of worker flows between labor market states. When some individuals are finding a job, some others are losing their, while others are withdrawing from participation. To take into account all these alternatives, this thesis proposes applied studies, based on survey data, but also theoretical analyses, based on modern macroeconomic models. The four essays of this thesis suggest that non-participation and return to job are dominant in explaining French unemployment variations. It is also shown that, in terms of worker flows, paths are multiples and depend on individual own characteristics: “unskilled” workers accumulate difficulties on the labor market; women have lower chances of participating when their family size increases. At a macroeconomic level, this thesis shows that worker flows responses to aggregate shocks differ according to their origin. Moreover, the economic environment has a direct impact on worker flows. Times of uncertainty, characterized by a high level of unpredictability, change the behavior of economic agents. As search activities have a lower probability to be successful, fewer individuals move from non-participation to participation
Campens, Étienne. "Améliorer le marché du travail des peu qualifiés". Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010057.
Texto completo da fonteAit, Soudane Jalila. "Secteur informel et marché du travail au Maroc". Montpellier 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON10031.
Texto completo da fonteHaywood, Luke Timothy. "Qualité de l'emploi dans le marché du travail". Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010035.
Texto completo da fonteGaumont, Damien. "Marché interne du travail, effort et information asymétrique". Paris 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA020135.
Texto completo da fonteHow it is possible to induce to effort heterogeneous workers with a unic labour contract ? answering to this question, this thesis presents a first step in the integration of a flow theory of the firm within an optimal incentives framework. In all chapters, we provide some evidences that at equilibrium, the firm finds too costly to raise the wage high enough to elicit effort from all their employees. These results are take the counterpart of the efficiency wage theory. The modelisation use game theory tools, which is particulary relevant to describe the internal labor market when information is asymmetric. After a survey of literature in the first chapter, we presents some some new theoretical results and test them empirically on panel data. First part is devoted to "post and incentive". The theoretical model, (chap. 2), shows that it may subsist shirkers at equilibrium. Wage and dismissals are negatively correlated. Chapter 3 tests this last proposition on panel data. The second part studies job and incentive, and shows (chap. 4) that it exists moral hazard and adverse selection in training. But the firm cannot always resolve this problem. The fird part is consacrated to "office and incentive". Chap. 5 describe how difficult it is for the firm to induce wealthy top executives officers, because it they are supposed to be able to manage correctly the firm, then they can also correctly manage their own portfolio. The very high wage
Coquet, Bruno. "L'assurance-chômage et le marché du travail contemporain". Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX24007.
Texto completo da fonteUnemployment Insurance (UI) is a key labour market policy.A comprehensive survey of UI literature assesses what we know about UI optimality and its relevance regarding present labour market conditions. Despite of being its founding rationale, jobseekers’ consumption smoothing is rarely assessed, as well as other UI gains. In contrast research has long focused on UI adverse effects, namely recipients’ moral hazard, and on benefits optimization to control it. Recent literature better integrates firm and economic dynamics, thus being richer regarding the way UI benefits and financing rules could be more optimal.Do UI regimes build on this knowledge? An historical approach of French UI rules, and up to date descriptions of 5 other UI regimes, show an extreme diversity of UI arrangements, raising doubts about their optimality. Comprehensive analysis of social transfers to unemployed should be preferred to analysis restricted to UI benefits, because less misleading about unemployed real situation and behaviour.An in depth analysis of French UI rules illustrates that numerous reforms didn’t solve structural problems. The regime suffered increasing spending due to labour market changes, but it also stimulated adverse expensive behaviours among specific groups and short term contracts, both leading to heavier taxes and reduced efficiency for the bulk of workers and firms. In France as elsewhere, UI systems’ funding is a forsaken part of reforms. Yet regarding justice, incentives, financial stability, etc. reviewing rules governing resources could be more rewarding than implementing usual UI benefits reforms
Jones, Emilia. "Discriminations, lieu de résidence et marché du travail". Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST0053/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn most of the developed societies, in France too, we are now witnessing an increase of the social and economic disparities between regions, an occurrence and persistence of neighborhoods "in difficulty", concentrating the most vulnerable populations. "Spatial segregation" appears as a norm of urban organization and territory as an issue of social cohesion. Many economic and sociological studies have sought to explain the differentials observed between these populations, particularly in the labor market. Three main mechanisms explain the impact of the place of residence on the individuals' labor market achievement: the spatial mismatch, the social environment and the discrimination based on place of residence. In this doctoral dissertation we focus on this last mechanism through which the place of residence affects the individuals' labor market achievement. Across three studies covering three chapters, we highlight three important elements in the analysis of discrimination related to place of residence: the feeling of discrimination, wage discrimination and employment discrimination. These are illustrated by different methods: an analysis of subjective survey data, an analysis of objective survey data and, finally, an analysis of experimental data. The main results are as follows. We have shown that there are specific effects of place of residence on the feeling of discrimination among young people. We have shown that the place of residence has a direct influence on the probability of finding a job after the school as well as on the salary associated with the job. Using a decomposition of wage differentials we have shown that there is a potential discrimination related to the place of residence that affects especially young women. We found a major impact of the residential county on the individuals’ chances of access to hiring. The same effect also exists, more weakly, at the level of the neighborhood reputation. An analysis of the order of answers to job candidates confirmed these results and revealed an even stronger discrimination. On the basis of these results, we propose policy recommendations related to different aspects of discrimination based on place of residence
Aeberhardt, Romain. "Mesurer la discrimination sur le marché du travail". Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01022111.
Texto completo da fonteLarquier, Guillemette de. "Dynamique du marché du travail et processus d'appariement". Paris 10, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA100020.
Texto completo da fonteThe aim of the labour market is the formation of employment relations between workers and employers, thus its dynamics have to be studied in terms of matching process. The thesis contains three parts. The first one begins the analysis within the scope of the matching co-operative games (the information on the quality of employment relations is perfect). This approach makes it possible to formalize the matching procedure as an algorithm and to diagnose different factors of instability which are inherent in the structure of the game. The second part is devoted to the investigation of a particular factor of instability : the one generated by risk and incertitude affecting the quality of employment relations. In a non-co-operative perspective, after the exposition of jovanovic's model of job matching (1979) in which worker and employer jointly experiment the productivity of their match, other models of match experimantation are submitted. Some are based on bayesian principles (the environment of agents is a world of probability), some are based on the use of conventions (agents have to co-ordinate each others without probability). The third part finishes the analysis by integrating the previous models of match experimentation in a macroeconomic context and in a dynamic way, with the aim of reproducing the shiftings of the beveridge curve. Finally, the thesis emphasizes the stress on the plurality of matching processes in action on the market
Aeberhardt, Romain. "Mesurer la discrimination sur le marché du travail". Phd thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0085.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis is composed of three mostly empirical papers related to discrimination on the French labor market and one methodological paper using American data. The first one focuses on the wages and the employment status of French workers of Maghrebian origin, the second one focuses on their wages and hierarchical positions, the third one focuses on the heterogeneity of their employment gap relative to French workers whose parents were French at birth, and the fourth one re-examines the data from a controlled experiment assessing the impact of a criminal record on the probability of being hired. The value added of these papers is twofold. First they provide new evidence regarding the situation of second generation immigrants on the French labor market. Differences in wages and employment are high. However, once taken into account individual characteristics (age, qualification, etc. ), most of the wage gaps disappear, but substantial differences in employment and hierarchical positions remain. Moreover we provide an original description of the heterogeneity of the employment gap showing that it is wider for the individuals whose characteristics are associated to the lower employment probabilities (as identified in the reference population) than for those with the higher ones. Second, these papers bring methodological material to study discrimination. The first three papers try to incorporate notations and ideas which are now standard in public policy evaluation and consequently raise new issues regarding the decompositions of wage and employment gaps. The fourth article tries to discuss the methods commonly used in paired audit studies
Le, Barbanchon Thomas. "Evaluation de politiques publiques sur le marché du travail". Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00720999.
Texto completo da fonteChartrand-Beauregard, Julie. "La demande de travail et les rigidités du marché". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq33596.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteKamionka, Thierry. "Analyse microéconométrique des transitions sur le marché du travail". Toulouse 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU10038.
Texto completo da fonteIn this work we present estimates of reduced form transition models and of a dynamic random utility model. These models provide a unified framework allowing studying relationships existing between stocks, flows and mean sojourn durations in labour market states. To analyse the development of unstable job patterns, we consider the French labour force surveys panel collected by the French national institute for statistics and economic studies (INSEE) for the period 1986-1988. Particular attention is paid to the problem of the estimation of continuous-time Markov models using discrete-time panel data. We also study the existence of individuals confined out of stable jobs and alternating between unstable jobs, unemployment and nonparticipation, using a mixture of time-homogeneous Markov processes
Lages, dos Santos Pedro. "Impôt négatif, appariement et performances du marché du travail". Le Havre, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LEHA0023.
Texto completo da fonteThe objective of this thesis is to propose a contribution to the reflexion on the reform of the socio-tax system and, more particularly, to the analysis of the effects of measures such as "Basic Income" and "Negative Income Tax" on unemployment, labour market efficiency and agents well-being. To this purpose, we retain a formalization à la Marimon and Zilibotti (1999) where the differentiation of workers and jobs are made explicit (not like standard matching models). Within this framework, it appears that Earned Income Credit systems can present interesting effects in terms of employment, reduction of inequalities and poverty. However, the efficiency of these systems can depend considerably, on the one hand, on labour market conditions (like, for example, the effectiveness or not of a minimum wage) and, on the other hand, on the variables concerned. Indeed, the fall on participation to the labour market as well as the reduction of job productivity belong to the negative effects that can generate such systems
Plassard, Jean-Michel. "Information imparfaite et discrimination sur le marché du travail". Toulouse 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU10069.
Texto completo da fonteThe aim of this study is to develop a reflexion on the labour market. The approach is theoretical concerning guidance, the considered problematics is market off from a traditional scheme of the discrimination which aimed at previleging an exogenous interpretation of the phenomenon. The statistical discrimination depends on the theory of information. It is based upon a rational behaviour of the employers who are in a state of doubt regarding the economic features of the potential workers. The appeal to variables which are easily observable as sex, race and diplomas may reduce this doubt in a cheap manner. The analysis of discrimination is made by studying the consequences of the employers' behaviours under much diversified theories
Selwaness, Irène Nabil Wahib. "Trois essais empiriques sur le marché du travail égyptien". Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010048.
Texto completo da fonteChoulet, Céline. "Créations d'emplois publics et performances du marché du travail". Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010056.
Texto completo da fonteKoné, Koko Siaka. "Pauvreté, marché du travail et genre en Côte d'Ivoire". Bordeaux 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR40004.
Texto completo da fonteBrocard, Jean-François. "L' intermédiation du marché du travail des sportifs professionnels". Limoges, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIMO1010.
Texto completo da fonteThe dissertation consists of three self -contained papers presented in three chapters. In chapters 1, we perform a critical review of the internediation of the labor market of professional athletes. We first provide theorical justifications for the emergence of intermediaries in markets and specify the role they are assigned in the literature. From the case study of sportts agents activity, we show that the observed abuses indicate the inefficiency of the current regulatory frame work. We propose a reform of the sports agents' status sustained by a improvement of the regulation of the market in which they operate. In the chapter 2, we study the effects of completing the legal frale work of matchmakers with a rule designating which party must the commission. We examine the two rules currently open to debate at the international level in sport : the "player-pays" principle and the "club-pays" principle. We find that the most appropriate measure entails designating the party with the lesser bargainning power to pay the intermediary's fee. However, our main result indicates that the appropriateness of imposing an additional rule in the legal frame work is a preliminary issue. Chapter 3 proposes a test for the power of sports agents to distort the talent allocation in French professional basketball leagues over the period 2002-2011, using an original database. Sports agents can be said to have market power if clubs dealing with an abve-average proportion of top agent systematically outperform clubs with a below-average proportion of which is found to be a very good indacator of clubs'performance in professional basketball leagus in France over the relevant time period. Statistically significant evidence of sports agents'market power in this sense is found. The regulation needs to adapt in order to enhance the transpareny of relationship between clubs and sports agents and clarify sports agents' missions, which would give greater responsability to players in their agent' s selection
Decreuse, Bruno. "Exclusion du marché du travail dans les modèles d'appariement". Aix-Marseille 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX24003.
Texto completo da fonteGoudet, Olivier. "La modélisation multi-agent du marché du travail français". Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066631/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis presents an agent-based model of the labor market. The model simulates the market at the aggregate level and at the level of the principal manpower categories, on the basis of the decisions of heterogenous agents, firms and individuals, who interact. These decisions rely on computations of profits and utilities in a context of bounded rationality. The theoretical structure that underlies the decisions is the search concept. We apply this framework to the case of France in 2011. The model is at a scale of 1/4700. It is fairly detailed on the institutions of the labor market which constrain the agents’ decisions. Subsequently, it is calibrated by a powerful algorithm to reproduce a large number of variables of interest. The calibrated model presents a coherent accounting system of the gross flows of the individuals between the main states, employment, distinguishing open ended contracts and fixed duration contracts, unemployment and inactivity. The simulation of the gross flows enables us to analyse the patterns of mobility and to characterize the nature of the labor market under study, reproducing the high proportion of the fixed duration contracts in the hiring flows, and it points to a dualism of the French labor market. Modeling crowding out of some categories of workers (for instance the youths) by others is then a main contribution of the model to the labor market analysis. Finally, we study economic policies according to various indicators. We show that it is difficult to find a public policy which provides good results for all criteria and which is beneficial both for firms and individuals. It is all a question of compromise and political choice
Goudet, Olivier. "La modélisation multi-agent du marché du travail français". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066631.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis presents an agent-based model of the labor market. The model simulates the market at the aggregate level and at the level of the principal manpower categories, on the basis of the decisions of heterogenous agents, firms and individuals, who interact. These decisions rely on computations of profits and utilities in a context of bounded rationality. The theoretical structure that underlies the decisions is the search concept. We apply this framework to the case of France in 2011. The model is at a scale of 1/4700. It is fairly detailed on the institutions of the labor market which constrain the agents’ decisions. Subsequently, it is calibrated by a powerful algorithm to reproduce a large number of variables of interest. The calibrated model presents a coherent accounting system of the gross flows of the individuals between the main states, employment, distinguishing open ended contracts and fixed duration contracts, unemployment and inactivity. The simulation of the gross flows enables us to analyse the patterns of mobility and to characterize the nature of the labor market under study, reproducing the high proportion of the fixed duration contracts in the hiring flows, and it points to a dualism of the French labor market. Modeling crowding out of some categories of workers (for instance the youths) by others is then a main contribution of the model to the labor market analysis. Finally, we study economic policies according to various indicators. We show that it is difficult to find a public policy which provides good results for all criteria and which is beneficial both for firms and individuals. It is all a question of compromise and political choice
Moguérou, Philippe. "Les évolutions du système d’innovation et le marché du travail des jeunes scientifiques". Dijon, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00005204.
Texto completo da fonteIn France, as in many other OECD countries, a sharp increase in the number of Ph. D. Graduates in S&E fields from the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s was followed by a decrease in the enrolments in Ph. D. Studies. Important transformations in the innovation processes were also observed on the same period. Our hypothesis is that we assist to the emergence of an intermediate scientific labour market between the traditional academic sector and the private research sector. A detailed analysis of the production processes of scientists and of the scientific careers of young scientists is first carried out in the perspective of labour economics. Then, in the perspective of the economics of innovation and technical change, the characteristics of young researchers’ jobs and R&D activities are studied. We try to isolate three scientific communities: academics and researchers in the public sector of research, researchers in the private sector and researchers in the intermediate research sector
Lecoutre, Marc. "Capital social, école et entreprises sur le marché du travail". Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00719714.
Texto completo da fonteBonnard, Claire. "Le marché du travail des scientifiques : capital humain, incitations, proximité". Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00655967.
Texto completo da fontePoncon-Beffy, Magalie. "Mobilités et dynamiques salariales sur le marché du travail français". Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00407679.
Texto completo da fonteLe deuxième chapitre étend le modèle du premier chapitre en incorporant des effets entreprises inobservés et cette extension permet de confirmer les résultats précédemment obtenus. Le troisième chapitre s'intéresse à la différence de structures des salaires entre le secteur public et le secteur privé. Sont modélisés de façon jointe, la participation, le choix de secteur, et les salaires des différents secteurs. Est aussi prise en compte une hétérogénéité individuelle. Par cette méthode, les différences de salaires entre les deux secteurs sont décomposées en la constante (plus élevée dans le public que dans le privé), les rendements des variables explicatives observées (les diplômes sont par exemple mieux rémunérés dans le privé) et enfin une habilité inobservée qui mesure la spécificité du travail humain des personnes employées dans le secteur public. Le dernier chapitre enfin s'intéresse à la place du contrat de travail en France. Certaines personnes sont-elles confinées dans des trajectoires précaires ? 5% des personnes âgées de 30 à 49 ans seraient confinées contrairement aux 13% observés sans tenir compte de la censure des observations
Aboulkacem, El Mehdi. "Infrastructures de transport urbain et frictions du marché du travail". Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL12021/document.
Texto completo da fonteWe explore in this thesis some aspects of the role played by the urban transport infrastructures in reducing the labor market frictions caused by the spatial separation between the places of residence and the job opportunities locations. To do so, this thesis is written in three chapters.In the first, we build a series of spatial matching functions linking jobless workers to vacant positions. These functions depend on the transport infrastructures parameters and are not conditional on the structure of the city in which the matching process occurs. In the second chapter we present an innovative public policy evaluation instrument used for measuring the impact of the Paris region transport infrastructures performances on the local unemployment rates and for predicting the impact of the Grand Paris Express on these rates. This instrument can be used in other contexts and for other regions. Last but not least, the third chapter analyses the determinants of the home-workplace distance of two-worker households' workers living in Paris region. The objective is to provide some clues to understand the transportation demand generated by the constant growth of the part of this kind of households and to anticipate it while designing the future planning policies
Doré, Antoine. "Le métier d’auteur dramatique : travail créateur, carrières, marché des textes". Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0079.
Texto completo da fonteThe thesis considers and explores dramatic writing as a profession belonging both to the creative writing and performing arts sectors rather than as a literary genre, nor as a mere cultural practice. Despite the complexity characterising the skills range of playwrights, studying their creative process reveals common practices and shared methodologies. The study of individual careers shows that besides writing, the majority of French playwrights also work as stage directors, actors and/or have another professional activity providing them with an income more regular than copyright fees and royalties. Therefore when evaluating the level of integration of the playwright as a professional into the art worlds, it is key to recognise the importance of recognition over income. This work attempts to identify the regulation modes and underlying logics in plays selection process by the publishers, by the reading committees and by the main segments of theatre production market (subsidised theatres, independent theatre companies, commercial theatres, non professional groups). This research is based on a series of 150 personal interviews with playwrights and professionals based in France and in Europe as well as on the constitution and statistical analysis of several demographic and economic databases (SACD database, Electre database, Didascalies database, reading committees directory)
Ponçon-Beffy, Magali. "Mobilité et dynamiques salariales sur le marché du travail français". Paris 1, 2008. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005067.
Texto completo da fonteJoseph, Gilles. "Activation des dépenses passives et performances du marché du travail". Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010070.
Texto completo da fonteCarcillo, Stéphane. "Appariements sur le marché du travail et salaires : quelques interactions". Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010065.
Texto completo da fonteBlache, Guillaume. "Flexicurité et dynamiques du marché du travail : une perspective danoise". Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010008.
Texto completo da fonteCharbonneau, Alexandre. "Marché international du travail maritime : un cadre juridique en formation". Nantes, 2008. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01652177.
Texto completo da fonteHerault, Arnaud. "Intégration et ségrégation des immigrés sur le marché du travail". Thesis, Angers, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ANGE0004.
Texto completo da fonteThe questions related to the integration of immigrants in host countries are positioned in an international context characterized by an increase in population flows in recent decades. The mechanisms determining the integration of immigrants into the labor market depend on individual, social and economic characteristics. Based on this observation, we analyze in this thesis the role of social relations as a determinant influencing both the integration of immigrants on the labor market and the occupational mismatch of immigrants. Concerning the role of social networks as a means of job search, we analyze, using French data, the relationship between network effect and economic cycle. Our results show that the network effect is countercyclical. The use of referrals to find a job is stronger during recessions than during expansion periods. We extend our analysis by studying the relationship between occupational mismatch and the network effect. Beyond individual characteristics that may contribute to explain the probability of being over/undereducated, we hypothesize that finding a job through a referral influences the educational match between immigrants and the jobs held. We observe an ambiguous effect between the role of referrals and occupational mismatch according to the origin of immigrants
Theiss, Ulrich. "L'entreprise et le double marché du travail : étude de cas". Paris 9, 1988. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1988PA090052.
Texto completo da fonteRecource to subcontracting, that is the distribution of tasks between principal and subcontractors, does not result in discrepancy of social and professionnel conditions. The integration of subcontractors into the principal's production process favors the formation of an integrated, coherent group do to certain unifying factors. The social conditions of the internal labor market, as seen in the study of aeroports de paris, eventually find their way into the subcontracting firms thanks to legislative and trade union pressure, collective bargaining, and to demands for higher quality of production. Thus, the subcontractors are led to a greater rigor in personnel management. Under the stimulus of rising salaries, subcontractors, following the lead of principals, are seeking increased stability and qualification in their personnel. In fact, they are aligning themselves with the internal labor market
Roger, Muriel. "Politiques de l'emploi et transitions sur le marché du travail". Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010016.
Texto completo da fonteLainé, Guillaume. "La segmentation de la gestion des ressources humaines au sein des entreprises françaises : recherche et analyse des facteurs déterminants". Paris 9, 2000. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2000PA090062.
Texto completo da fonteMaillefert, Muriel. "Fonctionnement contemporain du marché du travail et transformation de la norme d'emploi : contribution à une définition de la norme d'emploi". Paris 10, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA100026.
Texto completo da fonteVoudouris, Irini. "Les emplois atypiques comme mode de flexibilité des organisations". Paris 10, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA100097.
Texto completo da fonteHennig, Jakob. "Three essays in Applied Microeconomics". Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU10018/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis dissertation consists of three chapters studying global trends in the world of labour markets and social relations. Two of the chapters use the refugee immigration wave in Germany, 2014-2016, as a natural experiment. The first paper takes a local perspective, investigating the areas around refugee shelters in Berlin. These areas have experienced a decline in perceived neighbourhood quality, as represented by real estate prices and by ratings on an online review site. At the same time, there was increased support for right-wing parties. In the second, I show the effect of aggregate refugee immigration on labour market regions in Germany. Employment and GDP have benefited from the immigration wave, due to the additional demand generated by refugees. The third paper is a cautionary look at the digitalization of labour relations - my coauthor Milena Petrova and I use data from an online labour market to show how the reputation mechanism can fail to incentivize seller effort when the returns to reputation fluctuate. The dissertation is mainly empirical in nature. I use a variety of different data sources - administrative and aggregated data, as well as rich datasets from online platforms. Common to all three chapters is the attempt to find novel natural experiments in observational data. In the chapter on local labour markets, I exploit local policy differences and infrastructure constraints to construct new instrumental variables, creating exogenous variation in local immigration. The other chapter on immigration is equally careful to establish the exogeneity of refugee shelter locations. And in the third chapter, we show that it is seasonal variation in the value of reputation, rather than for example seller characteristics and selection, that systematically induce undesirable outcomes
Henguelle, Valérie. "Les transformations du processus de rencontre entre l'offre et la demande sur le marché du travail : Le rôle des séquences d'emploi". Lille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL12001.
Texto completo da fonteOver the 80s, the transformations in the meeting process of supply and demand of labour have affeced its modalities as well as its forms : the increazsing intervention of public power in favour of young people has concurred with the expansion of temporary jobs in emoployment flows. Temporary jobs usually represent insecure and perspectiveless jobs. In the dualistic theses, they are the jobs of the external labour market, the jobs of the secondary market. The statistical analysis of temporary jobs, and, more generally, the results of a survey on the recruitment pratices of the firms, and the results of an analysis in terms of groups based on the insee survey on employment, specify the dissatisfying dualistic interpretation of temporary jobs, including in its later developments : in dynamics, some stated divisions are not suitable any longer. We propose to approach temporary jobs in terms of job sequences in order to represent a stage inscribed in larger sets : - the set composed of the period of the job carried out in the firm, and which may lead to a secure job, or even to the elaboration of intermittent relation of employment ; - the set composed of the individual trajectory in which the work period constitutes a moment before stabilisation, or an interval in a path of instability, of unemployment