Teses / dissertações: "Mallard"

1

Jöbsis, Paul D. "Muscle oxygenation and blood flow during submersion in ducks (anas platyrhynchos) and seals (phoca vitulina) /". Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9907822.

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2

Davis, Jonas Ian. "Mallard nesting ecology in the Great Lakes". CONNECT TO THIS TITLE ONLINE, 2008. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-05272008-112947/.

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3

Lavretsky, Philip. "PHYLOGENETICS, POPULATION GENETICS, AND EVOLUTION OF THE MALLARD COMPLEX". Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1400160673.

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4

Shimizu, Manabu. "Acid-base balance in arterial plasma of white Pekin duck (Anas platyrhynchos) during forced submergence and recovery". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25044.

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Acid-base balance in plasma was studied in forcibly submerged Pekin ducks (Anas platyrhynchos). All important variables determining acid-base balance (arterial CO₂ tension (PαCO₂) strong ion difference ([SID]) and total protein content which approximates total weak acid concentration in plasma) were measured. During forced submergence PαCO₂ increased and pHa steadily decreased with time. There was also an increase in [lactate⁻], which was accompanied by an increase of equal magnitude in [Na⁺]. There were no significant changes in the concentrations of other strong ions (K⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ and Cl⁻). Strong ion difference did not change during the first two minutes of submergence, but there was about a 4 mequiv/L increase by the end of the four-minute dive. Theoretically an increase in [SID] should cause plasma to be alkaline, but since plasma became progressively acidic, this condition can only be due to the increase in PαCO₂. During recovery from dives, the plasma remained as acidic one minute after emersion as at the end of the dives. On the other hand, arterial pH slowly increased towards the pre-dive level during recovery. Arterial CO₂ tension decreased much more rapidly and was already at or below the pre-dive level one minute after emersion. Therefore, PαCO₂ could no longer affect plasma pH. There was, however, a great increase in [lactate-] in the first minute of recovery. Although [Na⁺] and [K⁺] were elevated, from pre-dive values after the four minute dive, the increase in [lactate⁻] resulted in a marked reduction in [SID]. Since there was no change in the total plasma protein content, the acidic condition observed in recovery could only be due to decreased [SID]. Breathing 0₂ before diving prevented circulatory adjustments and pH returned to pre-dive levels one minute after emersion, confirming that the acidic condition observed in recovery is a consequence of the lactate produced in the hypoperfused tissues during submergence.
Science, Faculty of
Zoology, Department of
Graduate

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5

Drake, Anna. "Mallard duckling care and survival at a wildlife rehabilitation center". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31563.

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Birds are by far the largest group of wildlife cared for by wildlife rehabilitators in British Columbia, Canada. Of this group, mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) are the fifth most common species brought into care. 41% of these mallards are uninjured orphans and require only supportive care until they begin to develop their flight feathers. Although these birds are precocial, and although heat and ad lib food and water are provided, deaths are common in the period between admission and release. An analysis of 937 individual ducklings representing 6 years of data from the Wildlife Rescue Association of British Columbia showed that these deaths are concentrated in the first week after birds are admitted. Logistic regression analyses showed that ducklings that were lighter, admitted with fewer siblings, and that spent longer with the individual who found them were more likely to die in the rehabilitator's care than other individuals. In an experiment, a single, older bird was added to novice broods to act as a "mentor" during the first week of care. Nine novice broods were split at admission and reared in two groups: one housed with a mentor and the other acting as a control. Body size metrics were collected at admission and again at the end of the first week in care, and ducklings in both groups were weighed twice daily during this time. There was no significant difference in mean growth or body condition between treatment and control groups and no experimental ducklings died during the first week. Treatment groups did, however, have less spread in final body weights, mainly because the final weight of the least-thriving individual in each treatment group was significantly greater than in corresponding control groups. The fact that no deaths occurred among the experimental broods in the first week indicates that the experimental housing was better for novice broods than standard facility housing. However, as low growth rates are associated with greater risk of death, the provision of mentors to new broods may reduce the number of birds dying in care where housing is less favorable.
Land and Food Systems, Faculty of
Graduate

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6

Cunningham, Emma Jane Ann. "Forced copulation and sperm competition in the mallard Anas platyrhynchos". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262851.

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7

Joyce, Peter. "The roles of heterogeneity and scale in mallard nest site selection". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ62764.pdf.

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8

Muller, Wiebke. "Hybridisation, and the Conservation of the Grey Duck in New Zealand". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Biological Sciences, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5056.

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Hybridisation is increasingly acknowledged as a conservation problem. The widespread hybridisation between grey duck (Anas superciliosa) and mallard (A. platyrhynchos) in New Zealand is a good example of a native species hybridising with a foreign one, and forms the main focus of this thesis. Mallards were introduced into New Zealand from Europe, and hybrids were soon observed. I surveyed the extent of the hybridisation on the West Coast of the South Island and found that, based on phenotype, at least half of population is now hybrids. Mallards and mallard-like hybrids dominate in the eastern South Island, while grey ducks occur only in some areas of the West Coast. Comparison with historical data suggests that the decline of the grey duck and the spread of hybrids has not stabilised and is ongoing. Contrary to expectations most grey ducks were found on agricultural land and most mallards on natural lakes or rivers, so grey ducks probably do not have an advantage over mallards on the less developed West Coast. An alternative theory is proposed here that explains the spatial distribution of hybridisation as a reflection of a temporal pattern. As mallards were first released in the east, the delay taken to cross the Southern Alps could also explain the pattern observed. This hypothesis suggests that the grey duck will persist in the southern West Coast. An analysis of the phenotypes of partners in pairs suggests that mating is positively assortative within each species and within hybrids. In fact, not a single pair of pure grey duck mated with pure mallard was observed in almost a thousand pairs, raising the question of how hybridisation started. There was a tendency for males to be more mallard-like in phenotype than their partners, suggesting there might be a selective advantage to the mallard male phenotype. This may be one factor explaining the dominance of mallards in the hybrid swarm. To analyse hybridisation at the genetic level, I analysed samples from grey ducks, mallards and domestic ducks with 11 microsatellite loci. This genotyping profile was then compared to ducks captured and shot in New Zealand. Genetic analysis confirms that the ducks in New Zealand were almost exclusively of hybrid origin. Phenotypic hybrid scores correlated with the established genotypic scores, but the correlation was imperfect, suggesting inaccuracies in either or both measures. As the spread of hybrids might be due to the differences in their fitness relative to either parent species, I compared the relative fitness of hybrid ducks using a range of health-related measures such as ecto- and endoparasite loads, immunocompetence, body condition, and heterophil to lymphocyte ratios. Overall, I found no conclusive evidence for any differences between grey duck-like and mallard-like individuals. However, as my sample consisted nearly entirely of hybrids, it is possible that fitness may differ from the parental species. To understand the outcome of hybridisation between two species, I next constructed a mathematical model to simulate hybridisation, and which allowed the specification of parameters describing mating patterns, differential survival, and differential reproductive output. The model successfully predicted the outcomes of two known hybridisation cases. In a sensitivity analysis for mallard and grey duck, the model predicted that this species pair is likely to hybridise under any set of conditions likely to be encountered across their shared range. Finally, in a study within the more general context of hybridisation, the influence of inbreeding on hybridisation rates was investigated using inbred and outbred lines of Drosophila species. I found evidence for increased hybridisation in inbred lines, and although further studies are needed to confirm the generality of this pattern, my results have implications for the management of hybridisation, and for the use of hybridisation as an adaptive strategy. In conclusion, my work suggests it is very likely that the grey duck will become extinct as a separate species in New Zealand in the near future, and that it is likely to be threatened in other areas of its range were it co-occurs with the mallard. The options for management of this situation are limited, as large areas without mallards are lacking. Captive breeding, or the management of grey duck populations on isolated islands appear the only feasible options. It seems unlikely that hybridisation can be reversed on the mainland, and a homogenous hybrid population is likely to eventually occupy the entire range of the grey duck across New Zealand.

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9

Lusimbo, Wanjala Simiyu. "Toxicity of Prudhoe Bay crude oil to mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos) embryos". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0019/NQ43517.pdf.

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10

Kruse, Tamara. "Field Use of Alfaxalone and Potential Complications in Mallard Ducks (Anas platyrynchos)". The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1563491829618893.

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11

Dixon, Charles E. "Evaluation of the Effects of Single Season Wild-Strain Mallard Releases on Local Breeding Population Densities". DigitalCommons@USU, 2000. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4528.

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In 1993, to determine if wild-strain mallard releases could be used as a management practice to increase local mallard breeding populations, I released 2,344,4.5- week-old mallard ducklings (1,200 females and 1,144 males) to wetlands on 12,10.4-km2 sites (approximately 200 per site, 100 females, 100 males) in the North Dakota Prairie Pothole Region. I monitored the release sites to determine if any relationship existed between site characteristics and time of release to duckling survival estimates. I conducted breeding pair surveys during 1994 and 1995 on treatment and paired control sites to compare post-release population levels. Lastly, I analyzed return data and habitat use, and conducted behavioral experiments to determine if wild-strain mallards experienced higher mortality rates and if any observed differences could be explained by behavior. In 1994,1 observed 55 of the nasal saddled ducklings returning as adult fem ale to the release sites. In 1995, only 5 nasal saddled females were observed, both on treatment and control sites. No difference was observed hi breeding pair populations on treatment and control sites in 1994 (P = 0.18) and 1995 (P = 0.59). Hard-released wild-strain mallard females had lower survival rates than wild (P = 0.01) and modified gentle-release wild-strain females (P = 0.05). Ail wild-strain females were virtually eliminated from the population by year 4. This suggests that these buds may have been more vulnerable to predation and other mortality factors than wild females. Breeding wild and wild-strain mallard females reacted similarly to human approach, but when flushed, wild females flew farther than wild-strain females (P = 0.0002). Wetlands used by wild-strain females differed from wild females during breeding by type (P < 0.0001) and cover (P = 0.0003) classification. Wild-strain females selected larger, more permanent wetlands exhibiting less emergent vegetation than did wild counterparts. These differences may help to explain why wiki-strain mallard releases did not increase local breeding populations. The lack of band recoveries for wild-strain females during the latter years when viewed in the context of the observed behavioral differences suggests that these birds were unable to adapt to conditions in the wild.

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12

Mallard, John McDevitt. "The role of stream network hydrologic turnover in modifying watershed runoff composition". Thesis, Montana State University, 2012. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2012/mallard/MallardJ0512.pdf.

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Stream networks can attenuate and modify hydrological, biogeochemical, and ecological signals generated in the terrestrial and in-stream portions of watersheds. Stream networks can modify watershed signals through spatially variable stream gains and losses to and from groundwater, described herein as hydrologic turnover. We measured hydrologic gain and loss at the reach scale using conservative tracer experiments throughout the Bull Trout Watershed in the Sawtooth Mountains of central Idaho. These experiments allowed us to track water moving into and out of groundwater from and to stream water. We extended these measured reach scale water balance components to the stream network using observed empirical relationships between 1) accumulated watershed area and stream discharge, and 2) stream discharge and percent discharge lost from the stream. We developed a watershed and stream network-scale model to simulate hydrologic turnover across stream networks to quantify its effects across watershed of varying structure and stream networks of varying geometry. These analyses elucidated the influence of watershed inputs to streams on downstream stream water composition. We determined that the magnitude of contributions to discharge from any upstream watershed input depended on the magnitude of the initial input, but also on the amount of hydrologic turnover downstream along the stream network. Downstream hydrologic turnover was a function of the intersection of watershed structure and stream network geometry. Our results suggest that a distributed representation of hydrologic turnover at the stream network scale is requisite for understanding how the stream network filters and modifies watershed inputs signals observed in streams or watershed outlets.

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13

Jax, Elinor [Verfasser]. "Immunology going wild : genetic variation and immunocompetence in the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) / Elinor Jax". Konstanz : KOPS Universität Konstanz, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1189593912/34.

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14

Dalby, Lars, Pär Söderquist, Thomas K. Christensen, Preben Clausen, Árni Einarsson, Johan Elmberg, Anthony D. Fox et al. "The status of the Nordic populations of the Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) in a changing world". Högskolan Kristianstad, Avdelningen för Naturvetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-10140.

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Dabbling ducks (Anas spp.) are importantmigratory quarry species, protected as a shared resource under international legislation. However, there is a lack of sufficient high-quality data on vital demographic rates and long-term trends in numbers to judge the conservation status of many duck populations at the flyway level. In response to reported declines in the North-West European flyway population of theMallard, we compiled available data on this species in the Nordic countries up to 2010. Generally, national breeding numbers showed increasing trends, wintering abundance showed variable trends, and productivitymeasures indicated stable or increasing trends.Major knowledge gaps were identified, namely the size of hunting bags, the influence of the released Mallards and the role of short-stopping in explaining changing patterns of wintering abundance across the North-West European flyway. Numerically the Nordic breeding population appears in “good condition”, and the wintering numbers have been either stable or increasing in the last two decades. The annual number of releases needs to be determined in order to judge the sustainability of the current levels of exploitation. Overall, none of the indicators showed alarming signs for the Mallard population in the Nordic countries when considered in isolation. However, the widespread decline in wintering numbers elsewhere across North-western Europe requires urgent pan-European action.

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15

Wille, Michelle. "Viruses on the wing: evolution and dynamics of influenza A virus in the Mallard reservoir". Doctoral thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-41431.

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This thesis explores the evolution of avian influenza A viruses (IAV), as well as host-pathogen interactions between these viruses and their main reservoir host, the Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos). IAV is a genetically diverse, multi-host virus and wild birds, particularly dabbling ducks, are the natural reservoir. At our study site, up to 30% of migratory Mallards are infected with IAV during an autumn season, and host a large number of virus subtypes. IAV diversity is driven by two main mechanisms: mutation, driving genetic drift; and reassortment following co-infection, resulting in genetic shift. Reassortment is pervasive within an autumn season, both across multiple subtypes and within a single subtype. It is a key genetic feature in long-term maintenance of common subtypes, as it allows for independent lineage turn-over, generating novel genetic constellations. I hypothesize that the decoupling of successful constellations and generation of novel annual constellations enables viruses to escape herd immunity; these genetic changes must confer antigenic change for the process to be favourable. Indeed, in an experiment utilizing vaccines, circulating viruses escaped homosubtypic immunity, resulting in the proliferation of infections with the same subtype as the vaccine. While the host plays an important role in shaping IAV evolutionary genetics, one must consider that Mallards are infected with a multitude of other microorganisms. Here, Mallards were infected with IAV, gamma coronaviruses, and avian paramyxovirus type 1 simultaneously, and we found a putative synergistic interaction between IAV and gamma coronaviruses. Mallards occupy the interface between humans, poultry, and wild birds, and are the reservoir of IAV diversity. New incursions of highly pathogenic H5 viruses to both Europe and North America reaffirms the role of wild birds, particularly waterfowl, in diffusion of viruses spatially. Using European low pathogenic viruses and Mallard model, this thesis contributes to aspects of epidemiology, ecology, and evolutionary dynamics of waterfowl viruses, particularly IAV

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16

Zuwerink, David Andrew. "Changes in the derivation of Mallard Harvests from the Northern U.S. and Canada, 1966-1998 /". Connect to resource, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1228156871.

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17

Eamer, Joan. "Winter habitat for dabbling ducks on southeastern Vancouver Island, British Columbia". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24634.

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This study is an examination of the use of coastal estuaries and nearby farmland as habitat by dabbling ducks (mallard and American wigeon) during migrating and wintering periods. Its aim was to identify aspects of British Columbia coastal habitat of importance to dabblers through an analysis of the ducks' movements among habitat types and through a description of where and on what ducks feed. Data were collected in 1979 and 1980 along a 30 km stretch of coastline on southeastern Vancouver Island. Results are presented in 3 parts. Part 1 examines the relative use of farm and coastal habitat through a series of censuses conducted weekly at 8 farm and 8 coastal sites. The strong negative correlation between counts at farm and coastal sites indicates that dabblers treat them as alternative habitats. The numbers of ducks on farms was positively correlated with the area of standing water on the fields. Farm habitat, apparently preferred during warm, wet weather, was not used when fields were dry or frozen. Part 2 is a description of feeding location on fields, at estuaries and at a shallow, nonestuarine bay. It is based on observations at selected sites at high and low tide levels. Each duck in each observation period was classified as to location and activity. Both species fed primarily in shallow water, their feeding location shifting with the tides. Both marsh and marine sections of estuaries were used extensively for feeding. The shallow bay was used especially by American wigeon at low tide in fall and early winter. The high marsh areas at estuaries were particularly attractive to mallards when flooded by exceptionally high tides. Feeding intensities were consistently high at farm sites for both species. In Part 3, 23 mallards and 40 American wigeon were shot while feeding in estuarine locations commonly used for feeding. Analysis of gullet contents revealed that both species ate a wide variety of items. Main foods were, for mallards, seeds, invertebrates and green algae and, for American wigeon, green algae, roots, seeds and green vegetation. Algae and marine Invertebrates are not usually considered to be important dabbler foods in estuaries. Major conclusions and recommendations are: 1) Both farm and coastal sites are important to dabblers, with fields being favoured as feeding locations under good flood conditions and coastal habitat being vital during dry or freezing periods. As dabblers move among sites, assessment and management of wintering dabbler habitat should be by wetland complexes rather than by individual estuaries. 2) Dabblers feed in or near shallow water. Fields that do not flood are not worth maintaining as dabbler habitat. Assessment of estuarine marshes should consider the availability of food at all points of the tidal cycle. 3) As both species feed on a wide variety of items, factors affecting shallow water flooding and thus food availability are more important than plant species composition. 4) Marine deltas and beaches are important as refuges from disturbance and as feeding grounds. They form an integral part of dabbler coastal habitat.
Science, Faculty of
Zoology, Department of
Graduate

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18

Magee, Patrick A. "Influence of microclimate on waterfowl energetics in a willow roost complex in Northeastern Missouri /". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9717173.

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19

Selim, Erik. "Solid-phase synthesis of Avian β-Defensin 8". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kemi och biomedicin (KOB), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-32076.

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Differences in the expression of antimicrobial peptides in vivo have been proposed as underlying factors influencing susceptibility to infection. In this context, the role of avian b-defensins in inhibiting avian influenza infections is a study object in an ongoing collaboration with the Zoonotic Ecology and Epidemiology group at Lnu. In this report, an attempt to synthesize two variants of the peptide Anas Platyrhynchos AvBD-8, using Fmoc-based SPPS, is described. The length of AvBD-8 (43 aa) necessitated peptide synthesis in two segments to subsequently be ligated using native chemical ligation. The first component of a 19 aa segment was thus a Dbz-linker, which would allow to ligate this end with a second segment (24 aa). Halfway through the synthesis of this larger segment the batch was split into two pots, allowing the synthesis of two segments differing by one single amino acid (R for W). The composition of these segments were: Dbz-HDTSCTGGAQKCQVANNPA (Dbz-segment), SVVTRCCPIGQKCWGFARTNPPPC(boc) (W-segment), and SVVTRCCPIGQKCRGFARTNPPPC(boc) (R-segment). Crude product yields were 284,5 mg; 67,6% (Dbz-segment), 137,6 mg; 52,3% (W-segment), and 166,3 mg; 64,2%. Preliminary mass spectrometric analysis on the crude products did not indicate the presence of the desired segments in major mass peaks. Further product purification is necessary in order to allow definite conclusions, but it appears as if the synthesis has not worked. Possible explanations are either impure or degraded reactant(-s), folding or shielding effects of the growing peptide chain at some point inhibiting synthesis, or experimental errors during one or more of the many steps involved in the synthesis.

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20

Carrière, Suzanne. "Habitat selection by sympatric black ducks and mallards in Abitibi, Quebec". Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59984.

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Habitat use by sympatric black ducks (Anas rubripes) and mallards (A platyrhynchos) was studied in Abitibi, Quebec during May-August 1988 and 1989.
Black duck broods preferred emergent and shrub-rich areas in both years. Mallard broods' habitat use differed from 1988 to 1989 (from emergent to shrub-emergent areas) when average water levels were higher. Diversity of habitats seems more important to rearing black ducks than to mallards. Rearing mallards seem to modify their use of habitats according to changing habitat availability. Daily survival rates differed only slightly between "species".
Telemetry was used to study wetland use by six mallard and three black duck non-breeding females. Swamps were preferred whereas ericaceous shrub wetlands were avoided by both "species". Beaver (Castor canadensis) ponds were extensively used during the moulting period. Home ranges averaged 302.7 ha for black ducks and 201.2 ha for mallards.

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21

Tisdall, Carol. "Aggression among captive mallards and black ducks during the breeding season". Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23302.

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The behaviour of captive mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and black ducks (Anas rubripes) was studied from the end of March to mid-June in 1991 and 1992 to determine the extent of interspecific aggression exhibited and the effect of sympatry and allopatry on interactions between the two species.
Mallards were more aggressive than black ducks regardless of sex and origin, though both species were equally attacked in both years, male ducks were more aggressive and more attacked than female ducks regardless of species and origin in both years, and ducks of sympatric origin were more aggressive than ducks of allopatric origin in 1991 regardless of sex and species while the opposite was true in 1992.
Site attachment was observed in 7 of 9 experiments performed in 1992. In the experiments involving site attachment, almost all of the activity centered around the feeding stations, not around the nesting platforms.

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22

Gloutney, Mark Louis. "Nest-site selection, energetics of reproduction and comparative behaviour of mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) and blue-winged teal (A. discors)". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq24058.pdf.

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23

Sorrell, Erin Maureen. "Adaptation of A/Mallard/Potsdam/178-4/83 (H2N2) in Japanese quail leads to replication and transmission in chickens". College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2531.

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Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.
Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Animal and Avian Sciences. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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24

Rodrigue, Jean. "Utilisation du canard de Pékin (Anas platyrhynchos) comme bioindicateur de la contamination du milieu naturel par les substances bioaccumulables". Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22796.

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Eighteen-month-old adult female Peking Ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) were placed in the Ottawa, and St. Lawrence rivers for periods varying between 14 and 72 days during the summers of 1987, 1988 and 1989. Two stations located on Lake St. Francis were selected for establishing a time-curve for the accumulation of organochlorine pesticides (OC) and PCB in the liver. The ducks rapidly lost weight during their first 20 days in the natural environment but stabilised after about 40 days. This weight loss was caused by the stress of habitat, change, the energetic costs in searching for food and moulting.
There was a rapid increase in the number and concentration of contaminants detected in the livers of ducks exposed to pollutants in the natural environment. The concentrations found were low (99.9% of OC-PCB are under 1 mg/kg wet weight basis). These individuals were generally from 10 to 1000 times more contaminated than the control ducks for 40 days of exposure.
The use of domestic ducks as bioindicators has several advantages. They can be obtained readily and cheaply, and the sex and age of the individuals can be controlled. Since they are not very mobile and therefore are easy to locate, they provide information on the contamination (metals or OC-PCB) of specific sites. The use of Peking ducks has some limitations. There is a need for appropriate habitats to ensure their survival, and there is considerable stress caused by transferring the ducks from the breeding farm to the natural environment, thereby obliging them to search for food and exposing them to predators and poachers. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

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25

Gillman, Anna. "Tamiflu in the Water : Resistance Dynamics of Influenza A Virus in Mallards Exposed to Oseltamivir". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Infektionssjukdomar, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-277610.

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The natural reservoir of influenza A virus (IAV) is wild waterfowl, and all human IAVs have their genetic origins from avian viruses. Neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) are currently the best drugs for treatment of human influenza; therefore, the orally available NAI oseltamivir (Tamiflu®) has been stockpiled worldwide as part of pandemic preparedness planning. Re-sistance to NAIs is related to worse clinical outcomes and if a new pandemic influenza virus would be oseltamivir-resistant its public health impact would be substantially worsened. The active metabolite oseltamivir carboxylate (OC) is not removed by sewage treatment and ends up in river water, where OC-concentrations up to 0.86µg/L have been detected. We hypothesize that occasional OC exposure of wild waterfowl carrying IAVs may result in circulation of resistant variants that may potentially evolve to become human-pathogenic. We tested the hypothesis in an in vivo Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) model in which birds were infected with avian IAVs and exposed to OC. Excreted viruses were analyzed regarding genotypic and phenotypic resistance by neuraminidase (NA) sequencing and a functional NA inhibition assay. Two viruses with NAs of the phylogenetic N2-group, H6N2 and H7N9, acquired the NA substitutions R292K and I222T when host ducks were exposed to 12µg/L and 2.5µg/L of OC, respectively. Drug susceptibilities were at previously described levels for the substitutions. To test persistence of resistance, an OC resistant avian H1N1/H274Y virus (with a group N1 NA-protein) from a previous study, and three resistant H6N2/R292K variants were allowed to replicate in Mallards without drug pressure. Resistance was entirely maintained in the H1N1/H274Y virus, but the H6N2/R292K variants were outcompeted by wild type virus, indicating retained fitness of the resistant H1N1 but not the H6N2 variants. We conclude that OC in the environment may generate resistant IAVs in wild birds. Resistant avian IAVs may become a problem to humans, should the resistance trait become part of a new human pathogenic virus. It implies a need for prudent use of available NAIs, optimized sewage treatment and resistance surveillance of avian IAVs of wild birds.

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Smith, Randolph V. "Evaluation of waterfowl habitat and spring food selection by mallard and lesser scaup on the Swan Lake, Illinois Habitat Rehabilitation and Enhancement Project /". Available to subscribers only, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1400953611&sid=4&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Sell, Cameron W., University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College e School of Environment and Agriculture. "An investigation into the Australian duck industry with particular reference to the energy and amino acid requirements of commercially farmed Australian pekin ducks (Anas Platyrhynchos)". THESIS_CSTE_EAG_Sell_C.xml, 2003. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/522.

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Limited published data exists on the Australian duck industry, particularly in relation to the nutritional requirements of the commercial duck (Anas Platyrhynchos). A series of seven experiments was designed to determine whether current nutritional recommendations for energy, lysine, methionine, threonine and tryptophan were sufficient to optimise growth, feed efficiency, and carcass characteristics of the duck. The ability of the duck to perform diet self selection was then examined for its potential use in the Australian industry. The outcome of the diet self selection experiments showed that ducks sometimes self select diets when offered choices from four diets differing in nutrient density. A key outcome of this research was the development of a revised set of nutrient specifications designed to maximise the performance of the Australian commercially grown duck. These proposed specifications could be economically beneficial to the expanding Australian duck industry
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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Cabral, Liliane Ferreira. "Vacinação de patos-reais (Anas platyrhynchos) contra a gripe aviária em Portugal". Bachelor's thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/1243.

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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Na última década, a estirpe asiática H5N1 de alta patogenicidade disseminou-se rapidamente pela Ásia, Europa e África, resultando no morticínio de mais de 250 milhões de aves domésticas e na morte de mais de duas centenas de pessoas, representando uma séria ameaça à Saúde Pública. Os patos, especialmente o pato-real (Anas platyrhynchos), desempenham um papel importante na amplificação e na disseminação do vírus. Por conseguinte, a disponibilização de vacinas que sejam eficazes nesta espécie em condições “de campo” constitui-se como uma ferramenta importante no controlo do vírus. O presente estudo baseia-se no programa de monitorização serológica incluído nos planos de vacinação de emergência e de vacinação preventiva implementados na sequência de um foco de gripe aviária de baixa patogenicidade, subtipo H5N2, ocorrido numa exploração cinegética nacional em Setembro de 2007. A vacinação com duas vacinas inactivadas bivalentes, H5N9/H7N1 e H5N6/H7N7, foi realizada em dois grupos de patos-reais. Posteriormente, foi realizada uma revacinação semestral num destes grupos. A vacinação induziu um título de anticorpos específicos para a hemaglutinina H5 similar nos dois grupos de patos primovacinados, acima do limiar considerado de protecção (4 log2) até pelo menos 16 semanas após a administração do reforço da vacina, tendo-se atingido uma taxa de imunização inicial superior a 80%. A revacinação semestral com o antigénio H5N6 induziu uma resposta humoral pouco exuberante, com persistência de anticorpos protectores apenas até 6 semanas após vacinação. O antigénio de subtipo H7N7 não estimulou o desenvolvimento de uma resposta imunitária humoral protectora para a hemaglutinina H7. Pelo contrário, o antigénio H7N1 induziu um título médio de anticorpos ligeiramente acima do limiar de protecção, que persistiu até pelo menos 26 semanas após o reforço da vacina. Os resultados observados sugerem que numa exploração cinegética deste tipo, em que o risco de contacto com o vírus “de campo” é muito elevado, a revacinação semestral com uma vacina adequada é uma medida complementar importante para limitar a ocorrência de focos secundários da infecção/doença.
ABSTRACT - Vaccination of Mallard Ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) against Avian Influenza in Portugal -- During the last decade, HPAI H5N1 has rapidly spread across Asia, Europe and Africa, leading to the culling of more than 250 million birds and the death of more than two hundred people, posing a serious threat to public health. Ducks, particularly, mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), play an important role in the amplification and spread of the virus. Vaccines that are effective in this species in field conditions will provide an important tool for control of the disease. This study is based on a serological monitoring programme included in the emergency and preventive vaccination plans applied following a LPAI H5N2 outbreak in a game bird holding in Portugal, in 2007. Vaccination with two bivalent, H5N9/H7N1 and H5N6/H7N7, inactivated vaccines was carried out in two groups of mallard ducks. A second vaccination, six months later, was also carried out in one of these groups. The first vaccination induced a similar mean antibody titer specific for H5 hemagglutinin in both groups, above the protective threshold (4 log2) and persistent for at least 16 weeks after the vaccine boost. The proportion of immunized ducks was initially above 80%. Ducks revaccinated six months later with the H5N6 vaccine showed a lower antibody response, which persisted for only 6 weeks after vaccination. The H7N7 vaccine antigen did not simulate a protective immune humoral response specific for H7 hemagglutinin. On the contrary, the mean antibody titers following vaccination with the H7N1 vaccine were slightly above the threshold, persisting for at least 26 weeks after the boost. These results suggest that semestral vaccination with an adequate vaccine is as important additional measure to limit secondary AI outbreaks in this type of farming system, which is at a particularly high risk of exposure to the field virus.

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Bengtsson, Daniel. "Stopover Ecology of Mallards : Where, when and how to do what?" Doctoral thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-49801.

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The mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) is the most numerous and widespread duck in the northern hemisphere and a model species in ecology and harvest management. Migration is a crucial life stage for many birds and understanding the drivers of migration has important implications for conservation biology and assessment of animal population responses to global changes. Furthermore, mallard migration is a fundamental determinant of the epidemiology of many diseases of major relevance for both animal and human health. For example, it is the reservoir host for influenza A viruses (IAV), a widespread zoonosis causing mortality and economic damage. Improved knowledge of mallard behaviour during migration and the impacts of infection in mallards is needed to determine the role of wild birds in global IAV dynamics. This thesis focuses on mallard stopover ecology, an explicitly important part of the annual life cycle that is not well understood. The study area was southern Öland, SE Sweden, where mallard stopover behaviour was scrutinized by a combination of telemetry and ringing data analyses. Specifically, habitat preferences, movements, and emigration decisions were studied in-depth. Potential effects of low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAIV) infection on movement parameters were also investigated. Radio-tracking revealed that stopover mallards adhered to a strict diel pattern, in which they spent the days resting along the coast, visited crop fields at dawn and dusk, and foraged on inland water bodies during the darkest night hours. Notably, the importance of residual maize, as well as small ephemeral wetlands on the unique alvar steppe habitat that predominates on Öland, was previously unknown. LPAIV infection status did not affect movement behaviour, highlighting the possible risk of spread of IAV from wild mallards to poultry along the migratory flyway. Through capture-mark-recapture modelling, it was confirmed that weather, particularly wind direction, was the most important determinant of departure from the stopover site. In contrast, the body condition of departing mallards was less crucial. Taken together, the research presented in this thesis contributes to improved knowledge about mallard stopover ecology and its role in LPAIV disease dynamics.

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Sell, Cameron W. "An investigation into the Australian duck industry with particular reference to the energy and amino acid requirements of commercially farmed Australian pekin ducks (Anas Platyrhynchos)". Thesis, View thesis, 2003. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/522.

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Limited published data exists on the Australian duck industry, particularly in relation to the nutritional requirements of the commercial duck (Anas Platyrhynchos). A series of seven experiments was designed to determine whether current nutritional recommendations for energy, lysine, methionine, threonine and tryptophan were sufficient to optimise growth, feed efficiency, and carcass characteristics of the duck. The ability of the duck to perform diet self selection was then examined for its potential use in the Australian industry. The outcome of the diet self selection experiments showed that ducks sometimes self select diets when offered choices from four diets differing in nutrient density. A key outcome of this research was the development of a revised set of nutrient specifications designed to maximise the performance of the Australian commercially grown duck. These proposed specifications could be economically beneficial to the expanding Australian duck industry

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Sell, Cameron W. "An investigation into the Australian duck industry with particular reference to the energy and amino acid requirements of commercially farmed Australian pekin ducks (Anas Platyrhynchos) /". View thesis, 2003. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20051007.105841/index.html.

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Varna, Klaidas. "Pienarūgščių bakterijų paieška ir jų identifikavimas migruojančių didžiųjų ančių (Anas platyrhynchos) žarnyne naudojant dalinių 16S rRNR geno sekų analizę ir kultivavimu paremtus metodus". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20090908_194033-88862.

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Pienarūgščių bakterijų paieška ir jų identifikavimas migruojančių didžiųjų ančių (Anas platyrhynchos) žarnyne naudojant dalinių 16S rRNR geno sekų analizę ir kultivavimu paremtus metodus Klaidas VARNA Vilniaus Universiteto Ekologijos Institutas, Hidrobiontų Ekologijos ir Fiziologijos Laboratorija bei Populiacinės Genetikos Laboratorija, Akademijos-2, Vilnius-21, 08412, Lietuva. Šiame tyrime pavasarinių ir rudeninių didžiųjų ančių (Anas platyrhynchos) migrantų iš Nemuno deltos virškinamojo trakto pieno rūgšties bakterijų įvairovė buvo ištirta naudojant molekulinius metodus (polimerazės grandininės reakcijos amplifikacija ir dalinių 16S rRNR geno sekų sekvenavimas) ir kultivavimu paremtus metodus. Migruojančių didžiųjų ančių (Anas platyrhynchos) pieno rūgšties bakterijų paieška buvo atlikta pirmą kartą. Rudeniniai didžiųjų ančių migrantai plonojo žarnyno sienelėse (1.2×107 iki 2.1×107 k.f.v./g) ir jų turinyje (nuo 3.4×107 iki 1.1×108 k.f.v./g) turi didesnį pieno rūgšties bakterijų skaičių nei pavasariniai migrantai (atitinkamai nuo 3.2×106 iki 4.8×106 k.f.v./g ir nuo 1.0×107 iki 2.2×107 k.f.v./g). Tiek rudeninių tiek ir pavasarinių didžiųjų ančių migrantų plonojo žarnyno sienelėse ir jų turinyje dominavo kokinės pieno rūgšties bakterijų formos (atitinkamai 65% ir 83.5% bei 81.4% ir 91.6%), o lazdelių buvo mažiau (atitinkamai 35% ir 16.5% bei 18.6% ir 8.4%). Manoma, kad minėtus skirtumus įtakoja keli veiksniai: ilgai trunkanti migracija, perėjimo periodas, skirtingas maistas ir... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Identification of lactic acid bacteria in the migrant mallard ducks Anas platyrhynchos intestinal tract by partial 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and using culture-based techniques Klaidas VARNA Institute of Ecology of Vilnius University, Laboratory of Hydrobionts Ecology and Physiology, Laboratory of Population Genetics, Akademijos-2, Vilnius-21, 08412, Lithuania. In this study the lactic acid bacteria diversity of the intestinal tract content of the vernal and autumnal migrant mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) from Nemuno delta has been investigated by molecular methods: polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequencing of partial 16S rRNA genes and using culture-based techniques. The investigation of the lactic acid bacteria of the migrant mallard ducks has been performed the first time. Autumnal migrant mallard ducks in the small intestine walls (from 1.2×107 until 2.1×107 c.f.u./g) and in their content (from 3.4×107 until 1.1×108 c.f.u./g have the greatest number of the lactic acid bacteria then vernal migrants (respectively from 3.2×106 until 4.8×106 c.f.u./g and from 1.0×107 until 2.2×107 c.f.u./g). In the small intestine walls and in their content of the autumnal and vernal migrant mallard ducks, dominated cocci-shaped lactic acid bacteria (respectively 65% and 83.5%, 81.4% and 91.6%), whereas rod-shaped was under (respectively 35% and 16.5%, 18.6% and 8.4%). Supposedly, that these defferences determine some factors: a long migration, period of incubate... [to full text]

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Järhult, Josef D. "Tamiflu® - Use It and Lose It?" Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Infektionssjukdomar, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-160974.

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Influenza A viruses cause seasonal and pandemic outbreaks that range from mild infections to the disastrous Spanish Flu. Resistance to neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) is a growing problem as these drugs constitute a vital part of treatment strategies and pandemic preparedness plans worldwide. Oseltamivir (Tamiflu®) is the mostly used NAI. Its active metabolite, oseltamivir carboxylate (OC), is excreted from treated patients and degrades poorly in sewage treatment plants and surface water. Thus, OC can enter aquatic environments where the natural influenza reservoir, dabbling ducks, can be exposed to the substance and resistance could develop. If NAI resistance is established in influenza viruses circulating among wild birds, the resistance can form part of a virus re-entering the human population either by reassortment or by direct transmission. In this thesis, evidence is presented that OC is present in the waterways during a seasonal influenza outbreak in Japan, a country in which oseltamivir is liberally used. Furthermore, when mallards were infected with an influenza A/H1N1 virus and subjected to low, environmental-like concentrations of OC, resistance developed through acquisition of the well-known resistance mutation H274Y. The influenza infection in the mallards was mainly intestinal, had a rapid onset and was progressing in a longitudinal fashion in the intestine. Finally, influenza A viruses isolated from wild mallards in Sweden and containing resistance-related mutations were examined by a neuraminidase inhibition assay. The viruses did not have a decreased sensitivity to NAIs, but had mutations with a resistance-enhancing potential. Thus, OC is present in the environment and environmental-like concentrations of OC induce resistance in influenza viruses of dabbling ducks. The present resistance situation among wild birds is not well understood but the existence of H274Y among wild birds, though rare, and the spread of the former seasonal A/H1N1 virus containing H274Y among humans indicate that resistance mutations could establish themselves also among wild birds. An oseltamivir-resistant pandemic or a human-adapted highly-pathogenic avian influenza virus are frightening scenarios as oseltamivir is a cornerstone in the defense in those situations. There is a need for further studies, surveillance in wild birds and for a prudent use of antivirals.

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Hwang, Cheng-Shine. "Molecular cloning and sequencing of thioesterase B cDNA and hormonal induction of this thioesterase in the uropygial gland of mallard duck, and molecular cloning of genes whose expression are triggered uniquely during appressorium formation... /". The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148778039326527.

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Fries, Anthony Charles. "The effect of migratory activity of waterfowl on the evolution and ecology of influenza A viruses". The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1439893550.

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Nilsson, Susanne, e Marina Wikström. "Bildskapande i en förskola och förskoleklass : Mallar eller inte mallar - det är frågan". Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Education and Psychology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-3456.

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Denna studie innefattar mallarnas vara eller inte vara i barnens kreativa bildskapande i en förskola och förskoleklass. Avsikten med denna undersökning var att studera om mallar förekommer ofta i bildskapandet samt mallarnas funktion, dess syfte och om det fanns någon forskning kring detta. Hur påverkar mallar, schabloner och målarblad barnens utveckling i bildskapande? Vi anser att det är av stor vikt att lyfta fram denna undersökning för att bildskapandet har betydelse för barnets fortsatta utveckling. Det är väsentligt att de som arbetar med barn och har barn kan ta del av denna studie av barnens utveckling i ritandet. Vi vuxna bör beakta barnens användande av mallar för att inte hämma deras utveckling i att rita.

Vi har studerat litteratur såsom läroplaner, historiken kring bildskapande, vad forskare säger om mallar, schabloner och målarblad och barns utveckling i bildskapande. Forskare är mycket negativa till mallar/schabloner/målarblad för att det hämmar barnens ritutveckling. Vi har även undersökt vad pedagogen bör tänka på när det gäller bildskapande och till sist lärarnas arbete med bildskapande. Det är viktigt att pedagogen har kunskap i att lära barnen tekniker i att rita utan att vara utbildad bildlärare och hur det kan göras med enkla medel. Som metod har vi valt att observera genom filmning när förskollärare har bildskapande verksamhet tillsammans med barnen samt intervjuat förskollärare. Utifrån syftet och frågeställningarna har vi kommit fram till i studien att förskollärarnas uppfattningar kring bildskapande är lite olika. Mallar, schabloner och målarblad förekommer ofta och syftet med mallar är att barnen får träna klipptekniken. Mallar, schabloner och målarblad ska inte användas i tidiga åldrar för barnen måste lära sig att först och främst rita på egen hand.

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Hwang, Eui-Jo. "Mallarmé signifiant : l'historicité ou l'intersubjectivité dans le langage de Mallarmé". Paris 8, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA081246.

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Cette these prend la forme d'une argumentation epistemologique qui concerne l'orientation de la lecture de mallarme. Par la, donnant la priorite a l'ecoute des autres, elle met en jeu un mallarme signifiant, qui change et bouge avec le temps, par la situation, par l'actualisation du je-ici-maintenant. Effectivement, ce pari, presume par le sous-titre, l'historicite ou l'intersubjectivite dans le langage de mallarme, entre en conflit avec la regle du jeu quasiment institutionnalisee d'une part par l'autorite de la culture du dualisme, et d'autre part par l'effet de l'enonce mallarmeen, un mallarmeisme, pour ainsi dire, par un certain mythe de la difficulte, par une modernite du langage poetique collee au negativisme de rupture, par une poetique purifiee, essentialisee et absolutisee par le daltonisme esthetique portant sur le rapport ethique. Or il est inevitable de maintenir l'allure critique pour donner de la pertinence a la problematisation. Mais ce proces radicalement critique ne consiste ni a idealiser l'indecidabilite du sens mallarmeen, soulignant, comme valery, +un immense travail d'idees a l'ombre de son oeuvre ;, ni a imposer une autre regle d'or de la poesie a quoi on s'attendrait par une galvanisation scientiste. Il faut bien degager la specificite subjective du langage du mysticisme sceptique ainsi que du scientisme utopique. Or, beaucoup plus qu'une simple interpretation ou une structuration formelle, lire mallarme est un travail pour organiser les valeurs par l'observation de l'acte de parole que notre systeme de la langue, notre culture du sens ne cesse de manquer. C'est pourquoi, vis- a-vis du mallarme dramatise par sa mission solennelle pour l'absolu, cette these propose un autre mallarme qui sait vivre a travers le langage de l'humour
This thesis takes the form of an epistemological argument that concerns the orientation of the reading of mallarme. Thus, giving the priority to listening to others, it presents a mallarme as signifier, that changes and moves with time, by the situating and actualizing the i-here-now. Indeed, this challenge, implied by the subtitle, the historicity or the intersubjectivity in the language of mallarme, comes into conflict with the " rule of the game " nearly institutionalized on the one hand by the authority of the culture of dualism and on the other hand by the effect of the mallarmean utterance, a mallarmeism as it were, through a certain myth of the difficulty, through a modernity of the poetical language pasted to the negativism of rupture, through a poetics purified, essentialized and absolutized by the aesthetic daltonism on the ethical relationship. One cannot indeed fail to maintain the critical appearance to make the problematic relevant. But this radically critical process does not claim either to idealize the indecisiveness of the mallarmean meaning, underlining, like valery, " an immense labour of ideas in the shadow of his work ", or to impose another golden rule of poetry which one anticipates through a scientist galvanization. It is necessary to disengage the subjective specificity of the language from the skeptical mysticism as well as from the utopian scienticism. Then, far more than a simple interpretation or a formal structuring, to read mallarme is a work aimed at organizing the values by the observation of speech as an act which our system of language, our culture of meaning misses continuously. And that's why, beside the mallarme dramatized by his solemn mission for the absolute, this thesis offers another mallarme that comes alive through the language of humor

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Hulam, R. A., e O. H. Edafejimue. "Mallory-Weiss syndrom". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/27519.

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Stroparo, Sandra Mara. "Cartas de Mallarmé". Florianópolis, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/96426.

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Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Literatura
Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-26T11:55:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 302798.pdf: 1616890 bytes, checksum: 1a0430d247e17e403ae55af618a082d5 (MD5)
Esta tese parte da leitura das cartas de Stéphane Mallarmé - com especial atenção ao que se poderia chamar de período de formação do poeta - com o objetivo de averiguar os elementos que esse conjunto pode revelar para, de um lado, fundamentar o que hoje reconhecemos como um contexto de "modernidade" da produção literária e, de outro, investigar as abordagens empregadas pela crítica literária posterior ao buscar, a partir dessas cartas, entender o autor e os dados que compunham toda uma nova linguagem poética. Figura essencial para o nascimento da poesia moderna, Mallarmé teve uma recepção por vezes algo tortuosa, que em grande medida só pôde se estabelecer mais inquestionavelmente a partir da publicação de suas cartas e do acesso que elas permitiram a todo um discurso do autor sobre seus ideais e sua produção poética. Como não há em português uma seleção extensa dessas cartas, o trabalho apresenta, também, uma discussão da recepção de Mallarmé no século XX brasileiro e uma significativa amostra traduzida das cartas daquele período fundamental
This thesis proposes a reading of the letters of Stéphane Mallarmé - with special attention being given to what one could call his formative years - in the search for those elements that can be taken from these texts to ground, on the one hand, what we now recognize as a "modernity" context in our literary production, and, on the other, to examine the approaches chosen by the literary critics who, in reading these letters, have tried to understand the author and the data that amounted to a whole new poetic language. A founding figure in the beginnings of modern poetry, Mallarmé has had something of an erratic reception, a reception which could only be fully stabilized through the publication of his letters and the access they gave to a whole discourse, by the author himself, dealing with his ideals and his poetical production. Since there is no large selection of the letters available in Portuguese, the thesis also offers a discussion about the reception given to Mallarmé during the XXth century in Brazil and the translation of a significant sample of the letters written during those fundamental years

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Wahlström, Simon, e Jakob Arosenius. "Emfio : Enhetliga mallar för IT-forensiska operationer". Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-15278.

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Polisens it-forensiska avdelning har bl.a. i uppgift att säkra bevis från datorer som tillhör personer misstänkta för brott. Det polisen gör är att använda en mängd olika program som producerar loggar med webbhistorik, e-post och meddelanden från en mängd program som används vid chatt. Det den här rapporten kommer fokusera på är framtagningen av en applikation som kan ta in alla dessa typer av loggar och rensa bort onödig information. Den återstående informationen struktureras om för att kunna generera en rapport med enhetligt utseende. Den genererade rapporten kommer även följa polisens grafiska profil. Denna renskrivning är något polisen idag måste göra för hand när dessa loggar tas fram vilket gör att mycket tid går åt på något en dator kan göra på några sekunder.
The police it-forensics department has a lot of different tasks. One of them is to secure evidence from computers confiscated from a person of interest. What the police do is that they use different kinds of programs that extracts web history, mail and chat-messages. This thesis will focus on developing an application to read all these different types of logs and remove obsolete information. The remaining data will be re-structured in a way that enables a report to be generated with a uniform layout. The generated report will also follow the graphical profile of the police. Right now this removal of obsolete data and re-structuring is something the police will have to do by hand. Because of this, a lot of time is spent on doing something a computer can do in seconds.

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Schildt, Fanny, e Iris Lindholm. "Mellan mallar och magkänslor : Rekryterares praktiska yrkeskunskaper". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik, didaktik och utbildningsstudier, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-414403.

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This essay is about practical professional knowledge among recruiters in Swedish staffing companies. The purpose is to contribute to a better understanding of practical professional knowledge in the job interview and in the assessment of candidates. The questions that formed the basis of the empirical study were "How do recruiters feel that they have developed their skills in conducting job interviews?" and "How do the recruiters feel that they have developed a familiarity in the assessment of candidates during interviews?". Qualitative interviews were conducted with four experienced recruiters from the staffing industry and after a narrative process, the material was analysed focusing on the tacit knowledge. The results show that the recruiters have developed their skills by learning from colleagues in practical contexts and that they are currently skilled at, among other things, asking follow-up questions and allocating time during the interviews. The recruiters have also developed their skills in assessments of candidates. However, their experiences differ whether templates and gut feelings are helpful or limiting in the process.

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Yağcioğlu, Ali Haydar. "Edinilmiş mallara katılma rejiminde eşlerin yasal alım hakkı /". Îzmir : Güncel Yayınevi, 2007. http://swbplus.bsz-bw.de/bsz26112045xinh.htm.

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Chokeepermal, Kendy. "Mallarmé : littérature et philosophie au XXème siècle : évanouissement du sujet, évanescence du monde et éventail des concepts". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3098/document.

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L’objectif de ce travail est de mettre en exergue non seulement la réception philosophique des écrits de Mallarmé ayant eu lieu dans les années 1950, 1960 et 1970, mais aussi le facteur qui agit en eux comme un moteur de production théorique. La poétique mallarméenne est un mouvement de production de nouvelles possibilités, que nous appelons des potentialités représentationnelles, qui sont des inventions fictives du langage poétique ouvrant la voie à de nouvelles dispositions linguistiques et à de nouvelles possibilités de représentation. La poétique de Mallarmé est doublement inventive : dans le langage lui-même, et dans la réception théorique comme moteur de production. Pour rendre compte du facteur hautement productif du langage poétique mallarméen, nous introduisons la notion de virtualité dans notre étude, qui se manifeste dans une dynamique insaisissable où aucun sens unique et déterminé ne peut s’établir. Ainsi, les potentialités représentationnelles sont multiples et irréductibles à quelque unité atomique déterminée. Toute tentative de réduction qui tend à rompre le mouvement des potentialités compromet la poéticité chez Mallarmé. Nous montrons, en ce sens, que si le langage poétique mallarméen donne lieu à une production théorique à travers des lectures philosophiques, il ne se laisse pas encercler et déterminer par celles-ci, mais maintient une continuité dynamique des potentialités
This work’s aim is to draw attention not only to the philosophical reception of Mallarmé’s writings during 1950’s, 1960’s and 1970’s, but also to the factor which acts as an engine of theoretical production in them. Mallarmé’s poetics is a production movement of new possibilities, which we call representational potentials, which are fictional inventions of the poetic language, opening on new linguistic layouts and on new representational possibilities. Mallarmé’s poetics is twice inventive : in the language itself, and in the theoretical reception, as an engine of production. To give account of the highly productive factor of Mallarmé’s poetics, we introduce the concept of virtuality in our study, which expresses itself in an elusive dynamic, where no unique and specific sense can establish itself. Thus, the representational potentials are multiple and irreducible to some specific atomic unity. Any reduction attempt stretching to break the movement of the potentials compromises Mallarmé’s poetics. We show, in that direction, that if the poetic language gives way to a theoretical production through the philosophical readings, it does not get surrounded, nor determined by these readings, but maintains a dynamic continuity of the potentials

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Bakken, Arild Michel. "La présence de Mallarmé". Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040097.

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Dans sa thèse intitulée La présence de Mallarmé, Arild Michel Bakken interroge la présence de Mallarmé dans son œuvre. Contre l’idée dominante qui fait de Mallarmé le poète de l’absence, Bakken montre que la figure du poète est très présente dans le texte, et que c’est en réalité cette figure qui assure la cohérence de l’œuvre. Utilisant une méthode rhétorique centrée sur l’expérience du lecteur, la thèse montre comment Mallarmé se met en scène. La figure de l’auteur est bien ancrée dans la société de son temps, comme Français, comme petit-bourgeois, comme mari et père. Cette figure apparaît clairement comme une figure de poète, mais aussi comme « homme de lettres » et comme journaliste. La thèse montre aussi que le lecteur peut suivre la vie intérieure de la figure comme voyant et comme penseur. Même dans les textes les plus impersonnels, l’auteur n’est pas absent, mais assume la posture de la mystérieuse « Figure que Nul n’est », qui représente l’essence de la subjectivité humaine. Par la mise en scène de sa figure dans l’œuvre, Mallarmé cherche à séduire le lecteur, à obtenir une « gloire », à conférer à son œuvre une valeur. La figure de l’auteur, son ethos, est aussi un moyen efficace pour transmettre les valeurs du poète, sa vision du monde. Mais la vision du monde qui apparaît chez Mallarmé est constamment minée par l’ironie du poète, qui est le trait le plus caractéristique de sa présence
In his doctoral thesis La présence de Mallarmé, Arild Michel Bakken investigates Mallarmé’s presence in his work. Against the common view of Mallarmé as the poet of absence, Bakken shows that the figure of the poet is very present in the text, and that this figure is in fact what gives the work its unity. Through a rhetorical method focused on the reader’s experience, Bakken shows how Mallarmé stages himself throughout the work. The figure of the author is anchored in the society of his time, as a Frenchman, as a petit-bourgeois, as a father and a husband. It is clearly a poet figure, but also an “homme de lettres” and a journalist. The thesis also shows that the reader can follow the inner life of the figure, as a seer and as a thinker. Even in the most impersonal texts, the author is not absent, but adopts the posture of the mysterious “Figure that No One is”, representing the essence of human subjectivity. Through the staging of his figure in the work, Mallarmé seeks to seduce the reader, to obtain “glory”, to give his work value. It is also an effective instrument for transmitting the poet’s values, his world view. But the world view which appears in Mallarmé’s work is constantly undermined by the poet’s irony, which is the most characteristic feature of his presence

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Vikström, Emil. "Generera mallar för insamling av statistikdata över SNMP". Thesis, KTH, Data- och elektroteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-173931.

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Kumagai, Kensuke. "La "fête" chez Stéphane Mallarmé". Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040088.

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La visée de ce travail est d'analyser la réflexion de Mallarmé dans de multiples domaines (art, société, religion) à la lumière de la fête. La fête mallarméenne ne se réduit pas à une rêverie du théâtre idéal qui se dévoilera dans l'esthétique théâtrale du XXe siècle, mais elle s'inscrit bien dans l'ambition festive de l'époque post-révolutionnaire, depuis l'attaque rousseauiste contre l'institution théâtrale jusqu'au Festspiel de Wagner, en passant par la fête révolutionnaire, l'Exposition universelle et la fête commémorative. Sous l'angle du rapport de l'art avec le public, de la conscience historique, et du mode de représentation, nous traçons le parcours de la méditation mallarméenne sur la cérémonie, depuis l'échec des projets théâtraux de Hérodiade et du Faune jusqu'au " Tombeau " commémoratif de Verlaine, depuis la quête de la demeure idéale jusqu'à la vision du palais en verre au cœur de la cité. S'y révèle une série des conflits de sa vision du faste futur avec la société contemporaine. Entre la représentation théâtrale depuis la tragédie grecque et la dramaturgie de la Présence réelle de la messe catholique, entre un lien abstrait du peuple établi par le suffrage universel de la Troisième République et l'attraction de la figure charismatique comme Boulanger, Mallarmé propose une poétique du " simulacre " qui convoque le public dans la place publique par le pouvoir de la fiction, de la suggestion du langage. En se fondant sur l'analyse chronologique des articles des Divagations et sur une réinsertion dans le contexte, cette étude espère également apporter sa contribution à une histoire de la symbolique sociale qu'on pourrait nommer le " spectacle "
The purpose of the present study is to analyze the Mallarmé's reflection in the various fields (art, society, religion) in the light of the festival. We don't reduce Mallarmé's festival to a mere dream of the ideal drama which appears in the theater aesthetic of the 20th century, but place this in the attempts of festival in the after-Revolution epoch, from Rousseau's attack against the theatrical institution to the Wagner's Festspiel, via the Revolutionary festival, the universal Exposition, and the commemoration. From point of view of the relation of art with public, of the historic conscienceness, and of the mode of representation, we mark out the path of the Mallarmé's meditation about ceremony, from his failure of the theatrical projects of Hérodiade et of the Faun to " Tombeau " commemorative of Verlaine, from the pursuit of the ideal room to the vision of crystal palace at the heart of city. It shows that a series of conflicts of his vision of future festival against the society. Between the theatrical representation from the Greek tragedy and the dramaturgy of the real Presence of the catholic ritual, between a abstract relationship of people formed by the universal suffrage of The Third Republic and the attraction of the charismatic figure as Boulanger, Mallarmé propose a poetic of " simulacra " which call the public on the public square by means of the power of fiction of suggestion of language. On the chronological analyze of articles of Divagations, and on the reintroduction in the context, we hope that this study makes a contribution to a history of the social symbolic called " spectacle "

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47

Bohac, Barbara. "L’esthétique du quotidien chez Mallarmé". Paris 4, 2006. http://ezproxy.normandie-univ.fr/login?url=http://www.classiques-garnier.com/numerique-bases/garnier?filename=BbcMS01.

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Cette thèse vise à définir les principes d’une esthétique du quotidien dans l’œuvre de Mallarmé, pour dépasser l’opposition généralement admise entre œuvres futiles et œuvres profondes. L’enjeu est d’évaluer l’unité de cet œuvre en s’attachant autant à des écrits « mineurs », textes sur les arts décoratifs ou Vers de circonstance, qu’à des écrits « majeurs », comme certains poèmes des Poésies. Il y apparaît que le poète prend ses distances avec la hiérarchie traditionnelle des arts et des genres, qui marginalise l’esthétique du quotidien. L’objet décoratif cristallise à ses yeux une beauté faite de rapports nécessaires susceptibles de le spiritualiser et de le rendre suggestif. Par ses couleurs et son éclat, il rappelle le drame solaire, symbole de la condition humaine, et sert d’instrument à un culte domestique de l’esprit humain. L’image du drame solaire, les correspondances suggestives, se retrouvent dans de nombreux textes poétiques, où le quotidien devient rêve et chant et fonde souvent une dimension métapoétique. Elles permettent de penser l’unité d’une esthétique du quotidien
The goal of this thesis is to define the principles of an aesthetics of the everyday in Stéphane Mallarmé’s work so as to go beyond the opposition often put forward between frivolous and deep literary works. More specifically, the aim is to evaluate the unity of the poet’s work by examining the writings usually considered minor, such as his texts on decorative art or his so-called Vers de circumstance, no less than the writings considered major, such as the poems of the Poésies. It becomes evident that the poet distances himself from the traditional hierarchy of arts and genres that tends to assign a low value to an aesthetics of the everyday. For Mallarmé, the decorative object embodies a beauty consisting of a series of necessary relations that spiritualise it and confer on it a suggestive power. Its shine and colours reflect the solar drama that is a symbol of man’s condition on earth, and it serves as an instrument of a domestic cult of the human spirit. The image of the solar drama and its suggestive associations can be found in many poetic texts, where the everyday is transmuted into dream and music and grounds a « metapoetic dimension », facilitating a conception of the unity of an aesthetics of the everyday

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Mensah, P. N. A., e N. M. Mercy. "Mallory-Weiss syndrome in Ghana". Thesis, Sumy State University, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/58359.

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Mallory-Weiss syndrome (MWS) is gastro-esophageal laceration, which complicated bleeding. The most common cause of MWS is severe or prolonged vomiting. While this type of vomiting occurs with illness, pregnancy, it also frequently occurs due to chronic alcohol abuse. Aim: to study frequency and results of surgical treatment of MVS in Ghana.

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Denk, Angelika. "Male and Female Reproductive Tactics in Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos L.)". Diss., lmu, 2005. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-42673.

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Lancaster, Joseph David. "Winter Ecology of Radiomarked Female Mallards in Mississippi's Alluvial Valley". Thesis, Mississippi State University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10745443.

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Interactions between animal populations and their environment form the foundation of wildlife management, and provision of resources that enhance fitness produce effectual management. Hunting is a selective force that shapes behavior and other adaptations of harvested species and may subsequently impact diel habitat use. Moreover, linking habitat use to biological outcomes, such as survival, is needed to evidence habitat suitability because of equivocal relations among population density, habitat correlations, or energy availability to population dynamics. The mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) is among the most coveted and harvested waterfowl in North America and is a migratory species of ecological, economic, and social importance. The Mississippi Alluvial Valley (MAV) is an ancestral and continentally important wintering area for North American mallards despite significant anthropogenic wetland transformation. Through targeted objectives and consequence of soil and water conservation, financial assistance programs have expanded waterfowl habitat on private lands in Mississippi. I radiomarked 265 female mallards and tracked their diel habitat use in winters 2010-2015 to evaluate objectives related to their wintering ecology in the MAV of Mississippi. Specifically, I investigated whether waterfowl hunting influenced use of some habitats during hunting season, the effectiveness of financial assistance programs in providing habitat, and habitat suitability through habitat specific survival rates. Females made greatest use of forested and emergent wetlands diurnally and emergent wetlands and flooded cropland at night. Results suggested that mallards did not avoid flooded cropland or emergent wetlands diurnally during hunting season, but conclusions were complicated by significant use of inviolate sanctuaries. Mallards used numerous incentivized conservation program wetlands, but use was less than public and privately managed wetlands. Among conservation programs, those with large enrollment and a focus on restoration (i.e., Wetlands Reserve Program) were most used by mallards. Apparent survival was independent of diurnal habitat use suggesting that mallards use of wetland complexes leads to their winter survival. Restoration of forested wetlands should be a management focus and easement programs provide such inroads on private lands. Public wetlands are an important source of habitat and inviolate sanctuary should be considered where waterfowl hunting is a predominate activity.

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