Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Magnétismes quantiques"
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Catalano, Alberto Giuseppe. "Understanding and exploiting non-local effects in quantum spin chains". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAF022.
Texto completo da fonteAt the verge of the second quantum revolution, understanding and exploiting the phenomena resulting from the interplay between the intrinsic non-locality of quantum mechanics and purely non-local interactions is of crucial importance for the development of novel quantum technologies. In this thesis, we will mostly focus on the non-local effects introduced by topological frustration (TF), a form of weak frustration that was first introduced in the context of antiferromagnetic quantum spin chains by applying the so called frustrated boundary conditions, realized as a combination of periodic boundary conditions and odd number of spins. Our goal is double. From one side, we will further improve the theoretical understanding of topologically frustrated phases. Beyond these theoretical implications, this work will demonstrate that TF spin chains exhibit compelling technological potential, proposing them as competitive candidates for the development of robust and efficient quantum batteries
Orignac, Edmond. "Magnétisme Quantique, Bosons en interaction et basse dimensionnalité". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00964641.
Texto completo da fonteBègue, Frédéric. "Isolants topologiques et magnétisme". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30392/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe discovery of the quantum Hall effect by von Klitzing in 1980 paved the way for what is now known as topological band theory. In this theory, we are interested not only in the energy spectra of the electrons in crystals, but also in the topological structure of the bands. A new phase of matter was discovered thanks to this theory : the topological insulators. Topological insulators are unique in the sense that they behave like trivial insulators in the bulk, but possess metallic edge states. In this thesis, we are particularly interested in so-called Z2 topological insulators, whose edge states are protected by time reversal symmetry : they cannot disappear in the presence of a perturbation that respects this symmetry, without the system undergoing a quantum phase transition. For three-dimensional topological insulators, we propose an experimental criterion based on magnetic quantum oscillations to identify a special kind of topological insulators : the strong topological insulator. In two dimensions, we study the consequences of time reversal symmetry breaking due to anti-ferromagnetic order. In this case, the important symmetry is time reversal times a trans- lation. In this context, we first establish an analytical expression for systems that also have inversion symmetry. We then adapt three numerical methods usually employed for time reversal symmetric systems : the reconnection phase method, the Wannier charge center method and the explicit construction of edge states. We show that they are useful to probe the topology of models for which no methods were available ; such as non-centrosymmetric systems
Bahr, Stefan. "Dynamique Quantique des Nanoaimants Moléculaires". Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE10144.
Texto completo da fonteThe thesis deals with the quantum dynamics of the molecular magnets Fe8 and Mn6. In our experiments we use micro Hall sensors to study the spin dynamics via magnetization measurements. These sensors can operate in large area in temperature and magnetic field and they permit time resolved magnetization measurements with a temporal resolution better than a microsecond. The first part presents time resolved magnetization measurements on the single molecule magnet Fe8. We show several independent experiments which evidence different couplings of the spins and which allow to observe the quantum dynamics of the molecular spins. The study of the magnetization dynamics gives us a direct access to spin relaxation processes, in particular these experiments allow us to explore the interaction between spins and phonons. In this context we developed a « pump-probe » technique that uses two microwave pulses that are shifted in time to study the very fast spin dynamics. The second part concerns magnetization measurements on the single molecule magnet Mn6 using Hall magnetometry. A multitude of measurements with different temperatures and magnetic fields allow us to characterize the magnetic properties of the molecule. Finally, we present some numerical simulations, based on a dimeric model of the molecule (in the presence of symmetric and antisymmetric exchange interactions), that allow us to explain theoretically the observed tunnel transitions
Bahr, Stefan. "Dynamique Quantique des Nanoaimants Moléculaires". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00338458.
Texto completo da fonteLa première partie présente des mesures d'aimantation résolues en temps de l'aimant moléculaire Fe8. Nous présentons plusieurs expériences indépendantes, qui mettent en évidence les différents couplages entre les spins et qui permettent d'observer la dynamique quantique des spins moléculaires. Les études de la dynamique de l'aimantation nous donne un accès direct au processus de relaxation de spin, en particulier ces études nous permettent d'étudier l'interaction entre spins et phonons. Dans ce contexte nous avons développé une technique « pompe-sonde » avec deux impulsions de micro-ondes décalées en temps pour étudier la dynamique très rapide des spins.
La deuxième partie concerne les mesures d'aimantation de l'aimant moléculaire Mn6 par magnétométrie Hall. De nombreuses mesures dans différents régimes en température et en champ magnétique nous permettent de caractériser les propriétés magnétiques de la molécule. Finalement, des simulations numériques qui s'appuient sur un modèle dimérique de la molécule (en présence des termes d'interaction par échange symétriques et antisymétriques) nous permettent d'expliquer théoriquement les transitions par effet tunnel.
Giraud, Romain. "Effets quantiques mésoscopiques d'ions de terres rares faiblement couplés". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007452.
Texto completo da fonteLouis, Delphine. "Etude mathématique des propriétés magnétiques du gaz quantique". Toulon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOUL0005.
Texto completo da fonteAimo, Francesco. "Nouveaux états quantiques induits sous champ : étude microscopique par résonance magnétique nucléaire de l'azurite". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00576286.
Texto completo da fonteDomenge, Jean-Christophe. "Brisures de symétrie dans les Hamiltoniens de Heisenberg classiques et quantiques en deux dimensions". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010943.
Texto completo da fonteAbendschein, Andreas. "Hamiltoniens effectifs pour des aimants quantiques sous champ magnétique". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00346488.
Texto completo da fonteMisguich, Grégoire. "Modèle d'échange multiple sur le réseau triangulaire : liquide de spins quantiques en deux dimensions et magnétisme des films d'3He solide". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001115.
Texto completo da fonteAbendshein, Andreas. "Hamiltoniens effectifs pour des aimants quantiques sous champ magnétique". Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/452/.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis deals with the physics of one-and two-dimensional quantum magnets in a magnetic field. Using numerical methods, we consider coupled dimer systems which are described with models of strongly correlated electrons: namely, the spin ladder and the orthogonal dimer chain in one dimension as well as the Heisenberg bilayer and the Shastry-Sutherland lattice in two dimensions. In order to derive effective hamiltonians, we apply the method of ”Contractor Renormalization (CORE)” which is a non-perturbative real-space renormalization technique capable of reproducing the low-energy physics of a system while reducing its complexity. The analysis of the effective model – either with analytical means or numerically by solving effective systems with exact diagonalisation – allows us to conclude on the physics of the system and in particular on the existence of magnetization plateaux. We compare our results both with exact numerical studies of the microscopic model and with other theoretical approaches. Since we study models characterizing real compounds, we also discuss our results in the light of experimental data. For example, we suggest the stability of new magnetization plateaux for the Shastry-Sutherland lattice which asks for experimental clarification
Faure, Quentin. "Transitions de phases quantiques dans le composé quasi-1D antiferromagnétique de type Ising BaCo2V2O8". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAY063/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis manuscript is devoted to the study of quantum phase transitions in the BaCo2V2O8 oxide, a quasi-one dimensional antiferromagnet consisting of spin chains of cobalt magnetic ions carrying an effective spin S = 1/2 showing a strong Ising-like anisotropy. To achieve this, we have studied BaCo2V2O8 under the effect of different physical parameters.Our first study concerned the effect of a transverse magnetic field, i.e. applied perpendicularly to the Ising axis. It has been shown that when BaCo2V2O8 is subjected to such a field, an effective staggered magnetic field is induced perpendicularly to both the Ising-axis and the uniform applied field. Using neutron scattering experiments (both elastic and inelastic) compared to numerical calculations, we have proved that this staggered field competes with the Ising-like anisotropy. This leads to a very original quantum phase transition. Our system can actually be mapped onto a quantum field theory called “double sine-Gordon model”, describing the competition between two dual topological excitations. We have thus shown that BaCo2V2O8 under a transverse magnetic field is the first experimental realization of such a theory.The second study was devoted to the effect of a longitudinal magnetic field, i.e. a field applied parallel to the Ising-axis. The spin-dynamics have been investigated by means of inelastic neutron scattering experiments and it has been shown that above a critical field of 4 T, it corresponds to the one expected for a Tomonaga Luttinger liquid phase (TLL). Moreover, numerical calculations have shown that, because of the Ising-like anisotropy in this system, the majority of the spectral weight in the energy spectrum is carried by longitudinal spin fluctuations. This result is the signature of a quantum behavior without classical analogous with low energy longitudinal fluctuations driving the physics of the system. Finally, this is the first time that the dispersion spectrum for an Ising-like spin 1/2 chain could be probed in this TLL phase.The last two studies are preliminary work. The phase diagram of BaCo2V2O8 has been probed by calorimetric measurements under pressure and under a longitudinal magnetic field. Pressures up to 10 GPa have been obtained using a diamond anvil cell. We have then performed specific heat measurements allowing us to investigate the effect of pressure on the Hamiltonian of BaCo2V2O8 through its (H, P, T) phase diagram. Finally, we have also started to study the effect of the substitution of magnetic ions Co2+ by non-magnetic impurities Mg2+. The neutron diffraction experiments under a longitudinal magnetic field have shown that the critical temperature and critical field decrease proportionally to the concentration of impurities. The spin-dynamics at zero-field has also been investigated and reveals the appearance of non-dispersive magnetic modes, which possibly comes from the finite size effect of the spin chains segmented by the non-magnetic impurities.In conclusion, our experimental studies associated to numerical calculations allowed us to unveil a very rich physics in this model compound for the study of quantum magnetism and quantum phase transitions
Domenge, Jean-Christophe. "Brisures de symétrie dans les modèles de Heisenberg classiques et quantiques en deux dimensions". Paris 6, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010943.
Texto completo da fonteDe, paz Aurelie. "Échange de spin et dynamique d’aimantation d’un gaz quantique dipolaire". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCD096/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis Thesis reports on several experimental studies of magnetic properties of a Chromium Bose-Einsteincondensate loaded into a 3D optical lattice, focusing on the effects induced by dipolar interactions.We show that in a 3D lattice dipolar relaxation is a resonant process due to the reduction of the density ofaccessible orbital states. These resonances are observed for magnetic fields Bres such that the Zeeman energyreleased matches an excitation towards higher-energy bands of the lattice. We can thus inhibit those processes byapplying a field different from Bres. Analyses of the resonances allowed us to probe the lattice 3D band structureas well as to demonstrate the effects of local interactions between atoms.We study spin exchange dynamics in a 3D lattice. We especially observed for the first time spin exchangebetween atoms localized in different lattice sites mediated by dipolar interactions. These studies are the firststep toward a new exploration of magnetism in lattice. Varying the depth of the lattice we study these effects inthe superfluid regime, well described by mean filed theories, as well as in the strongly correlated regime, whosetheoretical description is still challenging.Finally, we study the evolution dynamics of two giant spins interacting through dipolar interactions. Thecondensate being initially splitted in half, atoms from the two clouds are prepared in opposite spin states thusproducing two giant spins ±3×N. We show that any spin dynamics is energetically inhibited for large spinswhich is well accounted for by a classical theory
Orain, Jean-Christophe. "Frustration géométrique et nouveaux états quantiques de spins dans les composés vanadates fluorés à géométrie kagomé". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS113/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe search for quantum liquid state is a very active field in condensed matter research. In two dimensions, the antiferromagnetic spin 1/2 kagome lattice seems to be the most able to stabilize such a ground state. Indeed, from recent theoretical investigations, we are now quite sure that this model has a quantum spin liquid ground state. However, we still do not know its nature, in particular the nature of its correlations. They could be short ranged with a gap in the excitation spectrum, or long ranged with a gapless excitation spectrum. On the experimental side, only few materials exist and only one possesses a geometrically perfect lattice, the Herbertsmithite. All the experiments that have been done on this compound reveal a gapless spin liquid state along with deviations to the spin 1/2 Heisenberg hamiltonian which could be responsible of the gap closure.This thesis deals with the experimental study, mainly by NMR and µSR, of new vanadium based kagomé compounds which are part of a newly synthesized family, the kagome fluoride vanadates. The material that we studied the most is a spin 1/2 kagomé compound based on V4+, (NH4)2[C7H14N][V7O6F18] (DQVOF). The magnetic model of this compound can be decomposed in two rather independent parts, trimerized kagome planes and quasi paramagnetic V3+ ions. The µSR studies, showing the absence of frozen moment down to 20 mK, reveal a spin liquid ground state in DQVOF. The heat capacity and the NMR experiments point out a gapless behavior despite trimerization and likely weak Dzyaloshinskii Moriya interactions. Our results demonstrate that the gapless ground state, whether intrinsic or due to deviation to the ideal hamiltonian, is a rather robust characteristic of kagome materials.Furthermore, we studied another compound of this family, (NH4)2[C2H8N][V3F12] (DDVF), which magnetic lattice is made of uncoupled kagomé planes based on V3+ (S = 1). The lattice shows large deviations to the ideal kagomé and the thermodynamic experiments and the µSR studies reveal a magnetic transition to a frozen state at 10 K with a long distance order which is effective only below 6 K
Lavarelo, Arthur. "De la frustration et du désordre dans les chaînes et les échelles de spins quantiques". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00923197.
Texto completo da fonteBarthélemy, Quentin. "Etudes par RMN, µSR et chaleur spécifique de liquides de spins quantiques dans des matériaux à géométrie kagome". Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASP065.
Texto completo da fonteThe kagome Heisenberg antiferromagnet decorated with quantum spins is a fascinating model where to look for exotic quantum states including the elusive spin liquids. Despite its apparent simplicity, there is still no consensus on the exact nature of the ground state and of the excitation spectrum. The current availability of quantum kagome materials, each with their own deviation to the pure Heisenberg model, allows to confront a fair amount of experimental results to theoretical predictions and study the effect of perturbations inherent to real materials. The experimental work presented in this manuscript examines two directions.First, we focus on the emblematic herbertsmithite ZnCu₃(OH)₆Cl₂, with perfect kagome planes. It is the closest materialization of the pure Heisenberg model so far (J~180 K) and exhibits attributes of a quantum spin liquid at low temperatures, with the absence of magnetic long-range order and the persistence of spin dynamics. As main perturbations, we can mention magnetic impurities between the kagome planes and a finite out-of-plane Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya component (Dz~0.06J). With a comprehensive ¹⁷O NMR study on a high-quality single crystal, we were able to measure the intrinsic (kagome) low-temperature static spin susceptibility and spin dynamics, and we show unambiguously that the excitation spectrum is gapless, at variance with valence bond crystal states and numerous spin liquid candidates that are characterized by gapped excitations. Moreover, the disclosed static spin susceptibility restores some convergence with a fermionic Dirac cone model now advocated for in most numerical works. To shed another light on the low energy density of states, we measured the specific heat on high-quality single crystals. The kagome intrinsic specific heat is obtained in high magnetic fields only: at low magnetic fields, another dominant contribution prevents any conclusive analysis. Remarkably, the kagome specific heat is found to be almost field-independent up to 34 T. This seems to be at odds with a fermionic nature for the excitations, which in such a case would form field-induced Fermi pockets. Yet, as expected for Dirac particles, the density of states appears to vanish in the zero-temperature limit. Although the exact nature of the excitations remains unclear, our results severely constrain future theoretical developments. Further, thanks to NMR and specific heat, we were also able to identify field-induced transitions or crossovers at very low temperatures, and we present a tentative phase diagram. We also used µSR to investigate the robustness of the spin liquid state, which extends at least up to 28 kbar. Second, we introduce two new closely related materials, that implement interesting variants of herbertsmithite: the insulating yttrium kapellasites YCu₃(OH)₆OxCl₃-x, with compositions x=0 and x=1/3. These two compounds are fortuitous outcomes of the ongoing – and still unsuccessful – effort for doping herbertsmithite, by replacing the divalent zinc cations by monovalent or trivalent cations. In yttrium kapellasites, copper ions also build a kagome lattice with antiferromagnetic in-plane couplings, and the structure forbids interlayer impurities. The ground state properties are determined using bulk thermodynamics and µSR on powdered samples. The x=0 compound has a perfect kagome geometry but displays an ordered ground state, which is attributed to a large Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya anisotropy. The x=1/3 compound has a slightly distorted kagome geometry displaying anisotropic interactions, but exhibits features of spin liquid physics. Yet, we show with a comparative ³⁵Cl NMR study, that single crystal samples of the latter material actually develop static magnetism at variance with the polycrystalline samples. We conclude that Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya anisotropy and/or the modified kagome magnetic lattice in the x=1/3 compound are likely at the origin of the low-temperature magnetic transition
Zitoun, David. "Synthèse et magnétisme de nanoparticules de cobalt/rhodium et cobalt/ruthénium". Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30078.
Texto completo da fonteHenry, Louis-Paul. "Glace bidimensionnelle classique et quantique : phases de Coulomb et phases ordonnées". Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00932367.
Texto completo da fonteGodfrin, Clément. "Quantum information processing using a molecular magnet single nuclear spin qudit". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAY015/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe application of quantum physics to the information theory turns out to be full of promises for our information society. Aware of this potential, groups of scientists all around the world have this common goal to create the quantum version of the computer. The first step of this ambitious project is the realization of the basic block that encodes the quantum information, the qubit. Among all existing qubits, spin based devices are very attractive since they reveal electrical read-out and coherent manipulation. Beyond this, the more isolated a system is, the longer its quantum behaviour remains, making of the nuclear spin a serious candidate for exhibiting long coherence time and consequently high numbers of quantum operation.In this context I worked on a molecular spin transistor consisting of a TbPc2 singlemolecule magnet coupled to electrodes (source, drain and gate) and a microwave antenna. This setup enabled us to read-out electrically both the electronic and the nuclear spin states and to coherently manipulate the nuclear spin of the Terbium ion. I focus during my Ph.D. on the study of the spins dynamic and mainly the 3/2 nuclear spin under the influence of a microwave pulse. The first step was to measure the energy difference between these statesleading in a second time to the coherent manipulation of the three nuclear spin transitions using only a microwave electric field. To further characterize the decoherence processes that break the phase of the nuclear spin states, I performed Ramsey and Hahn-echo measurements. These preliminary results show that we were in presence of three qubits with figure of merit higher than two thousands, thus meeting the expectations aroused by the use of a nuclearspin as the basic block of quantum information.More than demonstrating the qubit dynamic, I demonstrated that a nuclear spin embedded in the molecular magnet transistor is a four quantum states system that can be fully controlled, a qudit. Theoretical proposal demonstrated that quantum information processing such as quantum gates and algorithms could be implemented using a 3/2 spin. I focused on a research algorithm which is a succession of an Hadamard gate, that creates a coherent superposition of all the nuclear spin sates, and an unitary evolution, that amplified the amplitude of a desired state. It allows a quadratic speed-up to find an element in an unordered list compared to classical algorithm. During my Ph.D., I demonstrated the experimental proof of feasibility of this Grover like algorithm applied to a multi-levels system. The first step was to experimentally create coherent superposition of 2, 3 and 4 states. Then I measured coherent oscillations inbetween a 3 state superposition and a selected state which is the signature of the research algorithm implementation.In summary, this Ph.D. exposed the first quantum search algorithm on a single-molecule magnet based qudit. These results combined to the great versatility of molecular magnet holds a lot of promises for the next challenge: building up a scalable molecular based quantum computer
Plat, Xavier. "Étude de modèles magnétiques frustrés sous champ en basses dimensions". Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2523/.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis deals with the physics of magnetic systems in an external field and when frustration, arising either from the geometry or from competing interations, is present. We have studied several models in low dimensions, where the effects of the quantum fluctuations are more important and can lead to the apparition of new intersting quantum phases. This manuscript is divided in three parts, each one being dedicated to a given model. In the first two parts, we consider two one-dimensional spin tube models, respectively made of three and four coupled spin chains, that we study by using various analytical and numerical methods. We show that, beyond the appearance of magnetization plateaux, a rich physics can emerge, with the role of the non magnetic modes for the first model, or, in the second case, the consequences of a continuous degeneracy at the classical level on the quantum phase diagram. In the third part, we use numerical Quantum Monte-Carlo simulations to study an anisotropic spin model on the two-dimensional Kagomé lattice, designed for the search of topological phases. We obtain the phase diagram on one of the magnetization plateaux of this model, and use this example to discuss the relevance of the computation of the entanglement entropies in order to identify phases in numerical simulations
Kermarrec, Edwin. "Nouveaux états quantiques de spin induits par frustration magnétique sur le réseau kagome". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00783605.
Texto completo da fonteRota, Jean-Baptiste. "Description ab initio de propriétés magnétiques d'édifices d'architectures variées à base de radicaux verdazyles". Lyon, Ecole normale supérieure, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ENSL0567.
Texto completo da fonteMolecular magnetism lies at the frontier of theory and experiments. Synthetised magnetic objects find applications in information storage and miniaturization of existing systems. This domain calls for rationalisation to optimise the properties of the designed objects and to prepare systems with ever more amazing behaviour. Recently, the metal – radical approach has opened a new route breaking the metal-centered vision of molecular magnetism. Different materials have been considered, considering a pure organic structure or an association of the radical with a d or f metal. However, few theoretical studies have been performed on these objects. Thus, we felt that futher inspection should be carried out. Using wavefunction theory, this PhD work focuses on three original families of magnetic compounds. Results show that the verdazyl radical is very efficient to build magnetic compounds holding controlled properties. The versatile electronic structure gives birth to intriguing magnetic mechanisms which are affected to the substituant structures. The verdazyl substituant can be seen as a magnetic « modulateur ». Finally, we show that the verdazyl radical could be used for the synthesis of organic spin-crossover compounds
Chiorescu, Irinel. "Effets quantiques magnétiques dans deux cas limites : molécules à haut spin et à bas spin". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10198.
Texto completo da fonteDerr, Julien. "Valence, magnétisme et conduction dans les composés à valence intermédiaire : Le cas SmB6". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00133598.
Texto completo da fonteDareau, Alexandre. "Manipulation cohérente d'un condensat de Bose-Einstein d'ytterbium sur la transition "d'horloge" : de la spectroscopie au magnétisme artificiel". Thesis, Paris, Ecole normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSU0018/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn this thesis, we report on the construction of an experiment aimed at trapping andcooling an ytterbium gaz, in order to realize artificial gauge fields. In the long term, thissetup will allow the study of strongly correlated quantum states which are atomic analogsof integer or fractional quantum Hall systems.We will first present the building of our experimental apparatus, and the optical coolingof ytterbium (174Yb). In particular, we will report on the design of a Zeeman slower,allowing for the direct loading of a magneto-optical trap operated on ytterbium’s intercombinationtransition 1S0 ! 3P1. The atomic cloud is then transported in an opticaldipole trap. A subsequent evaporative cooling stage results in the production of Bose-Einstein condensates of about 5 × 104 atoms.We then describe the construction of an ultra-narrow laser system at 578nm, able todrive ytterbium’s « clock » transition 1S0 ! 3P0. The laser frequency is stabilized using ahigh-finesse Fabry-Perot cavity, whose properties are precisely characterized in this work.Specifically, we present a method to calibrate the absolute frequency of the cavity bycomparison with an optical transition of molecular iodine.Finally, we show the results of spectroscopic measurements done on ytterbium condensatesusing the ultra-narrow laser. We also report on the coherent manipulation of thecondensate on the clock transition, consisting in the observation of Rabi oscillations.These preliminary experiments should allow for a measurement of ytterbium’s scatteringproperties.Keywords : cold atoms, optical lattices, Bose-Einstein condensates, ultra-stable lasers,clock transition, quantum simulation
Notter, François-Paul. "Etude théorique de composés de coordination : Propriétés structurales, magnétiques et réactionnelles". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2008/NOTTER_Francois-Paul_2008.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteThe contents of this thesis is plural and refers to different themes - spectroscopy, magnetism and reactivity - accessible by methods of quantum chemistry. The issues are:- « Excited states of AmO2q+ (q =2, 3 et 4) ». We compare different methods (4c-CISD, SOCASSCF/CASPT2 and 2c-DFT) to describe ground state and first excited states of americyl. - « Magnetic properties of actinide compounds ». We reproduce g-factors and effective moment of neptunyl complexes and hexahalide actinide complexes. Results are interpreted using model. - « Asymmetric hydrosilylation of ketones catalyzed on chiral copper complexes ». In collaboration with experimentalists, we propose a reaction path of copper-catalyzed hydrosilylation of ketones; we establish the criteria inducing enantioselectivity
Ohm, Thorsten. "Effet tunnel quantique de l'aimantation dans un aimant moleculaire, Fe8". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10187.
Texto completo da fonteYaacoub, Nader. "Nouveaux états du Si dans les multicouches Co/Si". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2007/YAACOUB_Nader_2007.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteIn this work we studied the structural and physical properties of the Co/Si multilayers deposited by sputtering at 90 K with the aim of limiting the interdiffusion at interfaces. We have obtained very well crystallized multilayers although polycristalline, formed of very big grains > 300 nm with limited interfacial mixing as compared to that of multilayers deposited at 300 K. It allowed us to observe new, original and spectacular physical phenomena in these multilayers: (1) Oscillation of the interlayer exchange coupling in agreement with ab-initio calculations, (2) Oscillation of the multilayer resistance from weak to strong and (3) Oscillation of the roughness of the interface, according to the thickness of Si. The period of these oscillations, which are well correlated between them, is short of the order of 0. 4 nm (2 ML). This led to us to propose a common interpretation of these results, based on the periodic passage at the Fermi level of a quantum well state in the Si layer
Alet, Fabien. "Etude numérique de systèmes magnétiques et supraconducteurs". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002275.
Texto completo da fonteGamboa, Ramirez Stefani. "Structure-function relationship in polynuclear bio-inspired copper complexes : combined experimental and computational studies". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2023. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/230201_GAMBOARAMIREZ_549h879lvul851osvjs537pe_TH.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteMagnetic systems are crucial in many applications, such as data storage, energy conservation, quantum computing, and telecommunications. In this context, polynuclear complexes featuring magnetic interaction between metal ions are a central topic in molecular magnetism. A magnetic interaction becomes operative when the unpaired electron of two or more open-shell centres are in close proximity. This is described by the exchange coupling constant, J, which reports the strength and nature of the interaction. While this observable can be experimentally measured by SQUID, the correct interpretation of the magnetic properties becomes problematic for large systems. In this regard, quantum chemistry has become a crucial tool for the accurate and unique assignment of electronic structures, and Broken-Symmetry (BS) Density Functional Theory (DFT) appears as the method of choice to predict the magnetic interactions due to its applicability for large systems with a low computational cost. Understanding how the structure shapes the exchange interaction in small systems is a first step to being able to describe the magnetic behaviour of larger and more complicated entities. This work combines experimental and theoretical approaches to investigate the magneto-structural correlation and reactivity of dinuclear copper complexes. Upon setting up the appropriate theoretical approach, we applied our methodology to investigate the electronic and magnetic properties of several polynuclear metal complexes, including (i) a trinuclear nickel complex with redox-active ligands, (ii) a tetranuclear nickel complex, and (iii) a nickel-cubane displaying electroactivity towards oxygen evolution reaction
Bastien, Gaël. "Interplay between magnetic quantum criticality, Fermi surface and unconventional superconductivity in UCoGe, URhGe and URu2Si2". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAY005/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis is concentrated on the ferromagnetic superconductors UCoGe and URhGe andon the hidden order state in URu2Si2. In the first part the pressure temperature phase diagram of UCoGe was studied up to 10.5 GPa. Ferromagnetism vanishes at the critical pressure pc≈1 GPa. Unconventional superconductivity and non Fermi liquid behavior can be observed in a broad pressure range around pc. The superconducting upper critical field properties were explained by the suppression of the magnetic fluctuations under field. In the second part the Fermi surfaces of UCoGe and URhGe were investigated by quantum oscillations. In UCoGe four Fermi surface pockets were observed. Under magnetic field successive Lifshitz transitions of the Fermi surface have been detected. The observed Fermi surface pockets in UCoGe evolve smoothly with pressure up to 2.5 GPa and do not show any Fermi surface reconstruction at the critical pressure pc. In URhGe, three heavy Fermi surface pockets were detected by quantum oscillations. In the last part the quantum oscillation study in the hidden order state of URu2Si2 shows a strong g factor anisotropy for two Fermi surface pockets, which is compared to the macroscopic g factor anisotropy extractedfrom the upper critical field study
Varignon, Julien. "Etude du couplage magnéto-électrique par des calculs ab initio". Caen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CAEN2035.
Texto completo da fonteIn multiferroic magnetoelectric materials, magnetic properties can be controlled by applying an electric field and conversely. Those materials are generally divided into two classes: for the type I, ferroelectric and magnetic phase transitions are uncorrelated whereas for the type II, ferroelectricity is a consequence of a particular magnetic arrangement. In spite of numerous models, the microscopic mechanisms of the magnetoelectric coupling remain unknown. In the frame of this thesis, we have studied the mechanisms governing the magnetoelectric coupling with ab initio calculations on two multiferroic compounds: YMnO3 (type I) and MnWO4 (type II). We have developed a method to study the influence of an applied electric field on the magnetic coupling. We have also studied the influence of magnetism on phonons. For YMnO3, spin-orbit interaction is found negligible into the magnetoelectric coupling and this latter is found to be principally governed by magnetostrictives and electrostrictives effects. For MnWO4, in spite of spin-orbit interaction is found to have a small intensity into the magnetoelectric coupling, this latter remains essential for the multiferroicity of this compound. We have determined that atomic displacements induced by the electric field increase the effects on the intensity of the magnetoelectric coupling
Palacio, Morales Alexandra. "Thermoélectricité des composés fortement corrélés sous conditions extrêmes". Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENY042/document.
Texto completo da fonteThermopower is a technique whose importance is related to the possibility of directly measuring electronic properties of the systems, as it is sensitive to the derivative of the density of states. In this work, the low temperature regime of strongly correlated electron systems has been studied using this technique. For that, a new pressure-field thermopower device was developed, and used, to determine $(T,P,H)$ phase diagrams of the itinerant ferromagnets UCoAl and UGe$_2$, and of the weak antiferromagnet CeRh$_2$Si$_2$.For example, in the case of UCoAl, this same technique was used to analyze the metamagnetic transition from paramagnetic (PM) to ferromagnetic (FM) phases and to study its evolution towards the quantum critical end point. The existence of exotic magnetic excitations in the ground state and around the critical end point were also evidenced.On the compound CeRh$_2$Si$_2$, the suppression of the antiferromagnetic (AF) order by magnetic fields and pressures was explored. A strong change of the Fermi surface at $H_c$, the field at which the suppression of the AF into the paramagnetic polarized (PPM) phase, was observed. We show that under pressure, the magnetic fluctuations around the critical pressure $P_c$ masked the Fermi surface reconstruction of the AF phase into the PM phase. The analysis of the $(T,P,H)$ phase diagram revealed that the non-ordered phases of this compound (PM and PPM) are different, therefore pressure and field behave as different suppressor mechanisms.In the UGe$_2$ compound, the analysis of its Fermi surface by thermopower quantum oscillations was performed as a last example of the utility and of the importance of this technique. To the best of the author knowledge, this is the first time that this technique was used in heavy fermion systems. A comparison to traditional probes such as de Haas-van Alphen and Shubnikov–de Haas effects was done. We observed a good agreement between them and we explain the advantages and the disadvantages of thermopower quantum oscillations technique over the traditional probes
Mambrini, Matthieu. "Etude des excitations de basse énergie dans des systèmes magnétiques frustrés de basse dimensionnalité : gap de spin et singulets de basse énergie". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001912.
Texto completo da fonteTlemsani, Idris. "Magnetic coordination complexes for quantum information". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASF043.
Texto completo da fonteThe exponential growth in information processing and the demand for solving new challenges have led to the development of new paradigms, such as quantum information, which uses quantum computers based on quantum bits (qubits). Magnetic molecules, are attractive candidates to encode spin qubits. Among the challenges in the molecular magnet as qubit research we found obtaining long phase memory relaxation times and coupling qubit among them. A spin qubit is a system of two non-degenerated quantum levels that can be put into superposition long enough to allow measurements to be made. This can be achieved with molecules having an unpaired electron (such as an organic radical) with a ½ spin or by designing molecules with an integer spin (S=1 for Ni(II) complexes) to lift degeneracy without a magnetic field (ZFS). The transition between these levels, known as the clock transition (CT), is protected from magnetic fluctuations, lengthening the T₂ relaxation time. In these projects we studied various nickel compounds and tried to predict the sign of the axial anisotropy from their structure. We measured the EPR spectra of these compounds to access the ZFS parameters and rationalised the results by calculation. The modulation of the coordination sphere by steric, electronic and packing effects of Ni(II) complexes has resulted in compounds with accessible clock transitions. The pulsed EPR study of these complexes has pointed out a strategy to increase the T₁ and demonstrated the robustness of a CT against. magnetic fluctuactions. We also switch our focus on the study of complexes with an S = 1/2 spin value, which have relatively long relaxation times and are not dependent on ZFS. This guarantees the possibility of obtaining an EPR signal so that a detailed study could be carried out. For Cu(II) complexes, the relatively long relaxation times (T₂ = 1µs and T₁ (7.5K) = 1.8 ms) found in the monomeric unit remain unchanged in the binuclear complex. We tried to prepare several binuclear Cu(II) complexes with different Cu-Cu distances. We also measured the coherence time of the nuclear spins of a proton and a nitrogen coupled via superhyperfine interaction to the Cu(II) electronic spin and found a T₂ value of more than 500 µs, demonstrating the ability of a single magnetic molecule to bear several ressources to perform quantum gates that are required for quantum computation
Capponi, Sylvain. "Habilitation à Diriger des Recherches". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011628.
Texto completo da fonteUne autre partie de mon travail concerne les extensions possibles de la méthode de Monte-Carlo quantique pour des modèles fermioniques spécifiques qui ne présentent pas de problème de signe.
Cahier, Benjamin. "Étude théorique de l'anisotropie magnétique dans des complexes de métaux de transition : application à des complexes mono- et binucléaires de Ni(II) et Co(II)". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS070/document.
Texto completo da fonteSingle molecule magnets are molecular complexes containing transition metal or lanthanides ions which are able to block their magnetization below a certain blocking temperature Tb. This blocking is caused by an energy barrier separating the two orientations of magnetization leading to two stable magnetization states. These two states can be controlled by an external magnetic field.Therefore, it is theoretically possible to use these molecules as bits which are able to store“classical” information. However, due to the quantum nature of these molecules, the relaxation of magnetization can exist even at low temperatures. This phenomenon is called the quantum tunneling effect and prevents the bistable (classical) behavior of the magnetic properties, as well as their use as classical bits for data strorage.Yet, the quantum tunneling of the magnetization also leads to a particular situation at a low temperature where two levels are separated by an energy related to the non-axial character(rhombic) of the magnetization (when the spinis an integer). Such two-levels system could be used as a quantum bit (qbit) which is the basic unit for quantum information processing. Thus,the design of classical or quantum bits require a precise understanding of magnetic properties and their origin at a microscopic level.The Ph.D work was devoted to the theoretical study of the magnetic anisotropy in mononuclear and binuclear Ni(II) (S=1) and Co(II) (S=3/2) complexes. Ab initio calculations based on the wave function theory were carried out and the spin Hamiltonian parameters were extracted. Model complexes were used to investigate the structural and electronic parameters causing magnetic anisotropy.Calculations were, also, performed on complexes synthesized in the laboratory.Comparison between real and model complexes allowed rationalizing the magnetic properties and imagining new synthesis strategies leading to the desired magnetic properties. Binuclear complexes that can be considered as double qbits and used to build quantum logic gates were also investigated. The calculations were performed by fragmenting the binuclear complexes into two mononuclear units in order to study the local anisotropy of each metal ion.The exchange interaction was investigated using Density Functional theory (DFT). In order to study the influence of an external perturbation on magnetic properties, the magnetic properties of a mononuclear Co(II) complex under an external electric field applied parallel or perpendicular to the axis of easy magnetization were calculated. The application of an electric field can lead to important modifications of magnetic properties. Thereby, offering the possibility to the manipulation of these molecules by external electric fields
Elias, Ricardo. "Solitons magnétiques et transitions topologiques". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4712/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn this thesis we study the magnetic solitons and its topological transitions, both theoretically and numerically. In the first part, we find a particular configuration of what is denominated the Bloch Point, a three-dimensional solution of the Free Energy minimization with exchange, Landau and dipolar terms. Oscillations around the Bloch point are found and quantized in order to understand the role of quantum fluctuations over its stability.In the second part, we look at the evolution of a system coupling ferromagnetic textures with nontrivial topology, with itinerant electrons. The interaction between the magnetic texture and the electrons is understood by means of spin-torque phenomena. This physical system is modeled with the equation Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation coupled with Schrödinger equation for quantum electrons. Topological transitions are observed and understood in a general framework that unifies older works done in a more classical context. Among the large amount of topological transitions observed, we can distinguish the different roles played by electrons depending on parameters. The orders of magnitude of time and space in the topological transition events show the importance of quantum effects as well as the fundamental role of discretization
Frachet, Mehdi. "Etudes ultrasonores de l'état normal des cuprates supraconducteurs à haute température critique". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAY063.
Texto completo da fonteIn cuprates, copper oxides, an unconventionnal superconductivity appears by chemical doping between a Mott insulator and a correlated Fermi liquid. Beyond superconductivity, the phase diagram includes multiple broken symmetry phases, including spin and charge density waves. All these phases interact together and with superconductivity, in a complex way. A deeper knowledge of this phase diagram is without doubt a necessary step toward the resolution of the high-Tc enigma. In this aim, we propose in this experimental thesis to measure velocity and attenuation of sound in the low temperature normal state of cuprates, using high magnetic fields.The first (main) part of this thesis focus on the magnetism of La2-xSrxCuO4 (LSCO). In this compound, an antiferromagnetic glass competes with superconductivity. By applying high magnetic fields of the order of 90 T we show that, when superconductivity is weakened enough, the antiferromagnetic glass disappears together with the pseudogap. The persistence of this order up to p*, and the associated ordered magnetic moment, could explain recent observations at p* without necessarily implying that the pseudogap is an ordered phase. Among them are the fall of the Hall number and quantum criticality signatures observed in different cuprates.The shorter second part deals with a related topic: the two distinct charge density waves (CDW, 2D and 3D) of YBa2Cu3O6+_ (Y-123). By performing sound velocity measurements in high magnetic fields we constrain the doping range of the 3D CDW and show that the latter is unlikely at the origin of the Fermi surface reconstruction. Sound velocity measurements also allow the determination of dTc/dεi, the Tc's susceptibility to a given elastic deformation. The complex and anisotropic doping dependence of dTc/dεi cannot be easily reconcile alone with a scenario of competition between CDW(s) and superconductivity
Blinder, Rémi. "Étude par Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire de nouveaux états quantiques induits sous champ magnétique : condensation de Bose-Einstein dans le composé DTN". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAY030/document.
Texto completo da fonteWe present a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) study of the NiCl2-4SC(NH2)2 compound, called DTN, consisting of spin-1 chains that are weakly coupled along the transverse directions. At low temperatures and for magnetic field values between the two critical fields Hc1 and Hc2, this system enters an ordered phase of the Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC) type. Within this phase, we first describe the experimental determination of the order parameter (transverse magnetization), the amplitude of which is found to be well described by theory while its phase (orientation) seems to be fixed by an anisotropy term. Second, by NMR relaxation rate 1/T1 we have studied the low-energy fluctuations of the electronic spins and found that they obey the power law 1/T1 ~ T 5. Such a behaviour points to a 2nd order process involving linearly dispersing excitations, such as Bogoliubov quasiparticles, but its nature is not yet well understood. Outside the BEC phase, we report a study of the spin fluctuations in the quantum critical regime (H ~ Hc2), demonstrating a scaling law on 1/T1 similar to the one that has already been observed in another equivalent compound, BPCB spin-ladder, thus proving the universality of this regime [S. Mukhopadhyay et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 177206 (2012)]. We have also studied the effect of disorder induced by the Br-Cl substitution in the compound Ni(Cl1-xBrx)2-4SC(NH2)2 (doped DTN), for which measurements using macroscopic techniques have suggested the existence of a "Bose glass" phase [R. Yu et al., Nature 489, 379 (2012)]. This phase is characterized, for all studied doping concentrations x = 4%, 9%, 13%, by a peak in the NMR relaxation rate 1/T1 at the field value Hp ~ 13.5 T, evidencing an upsurge of the longitudinal spin fluctuations, and presenting strong inhomogeneity of the 1/T1 values – probably reflecting the glassy character of the system. The observed doping-independence of Hp demonstrates that the corresponding physics is dominated by local effects due to the dopants
Dupont, Maxime. "Dynamics and disorder in quantum antiferromagnets". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30092/document.
Texto completo da fonteCondensed matter physics, and especially strongly correlated systems provide some of the most challenging problems of modern physics. In these systems, the many-body interactions and correlations between quantum particles cannot be neglected; otherwise, the models would simply fail to capture the relevant physics at play and phenomena ensuing. In particular, the work presented in this manuscript deals with quantum magnetism and addresses several distinct questions through computational approaches and state-of-the-art numerical methods. The interplay between disorder (i.e. impurities) and interactions is studied regarding a specific magnetic compound, where instead of the expected many-body localized phase at high magnetic fields, a novel disorder-induced ordered state of matter is found, with a resurgence of quantum coherence. Furthermore, the dynamical response of quantum magnets to an external perturbation, such as it is accessed and measured in nuclear magnetic resonance and inelastic neutron scattering experiments is investigated
Landron, Sylvain. "Etude ab initio de la structure électronique des oxydes de cobalt NaxCoO2". Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/273/.
Texto completo da fonte(The NaxCoO2 Cobalt oxides are compounds with many interesting properties. In this work we were particularly interested in two compounds of the family: firstly, the Na0. 3CoO2-1. 3H2O which presents a superconducting phase, secondly the x=0. 5 system which presents an insulator to metal phase transition at 52 K and a rich phase diagram as a function of temperature and magnetic field. Using ab initio calculations molecular spectroscopy methods applied on fragments embedded in an appropriate bath, we presented the determination of simple models as well as the evaluation of the effective interactions for these two interesting compounds. We also studied the cobalt 3d-shell splitting under the trigonal distortion observed in these compounds. This analysis led to reasons for which some results, like the ones issued of ligands field theory and some issued of density functional calculations, yield an orbital splitting in disagreement with experimental results
Frapolli, Camille. "Thermodynamics and magnetism of antiferromagnetic spinor Bose-Einstein condensates". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEE006/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn this manuscript, we present an experimental study of a Spin 1 Bose gas with antiferromagnetic interactions with ultracold sodium atoms in the F=1 manifold. The three Zeeman components are trapped simultaneously in optical dipole traps. By performing evaporative cooling, we obtain quasi-pure spinor Bose-Einstein condensates of which we study the magnetic properties. There are two types of interactions between the constituents of the system: Contact interactions that do not change the Zeeman populations and spin-exchange contact interactions that do. A competition between Zeeman energy and the spin-exchange energy sets the magnetic ordering in the system.We first study the magnetic phases of spinor Bose-Einstein condensates near zero temperature. The ground state present two phases that are observed by varying the magnetic field (hence the quadratic Zeeman energy) and the magnetization of the sample. In the antiferromagnetic phase, the spin of the sample is purely along the direction of the magnetic field. In the broken-axisymmetry phase, a transverse component appears in order to minimize the Zeeman energy. For zero magnetization, the spinor condensate forms a spin nematic. This state, named in analogy with the liquid crystal nematic phase, is characterized by spin fluctuations orthogonal to a particular axis, with no preferred direction along that axis. In both phases, spin nematic order manifests as a minimization of the transverse spin length that is realized by enforcing a particular value ($pi$) of the relative phase of the Zeeman components $theta = phi_{+1} + phi_{-1} - 2 phi_0$. We measure the transverse spin length by analyzing spin noise after a spin rotation.Second, we study the thermodynamics of an antiferromagnetic spin 1 Bose gas next to the critical temperature for Bose-Einstein condensation. We measure several sequential condensation scenarii depending on the magnetization and the magnetic field. The measured critical temperatures reveal a large effect of interactions when one of the Zeeman component condenses in presence of a condensate in another component. We use a simplified Hartree-Fock theory, neglecting the spin exchange interactions and note a good agreement with our data. However, for low magnetic fields, the thermodynamic phase diagram is strongly modified which raises new open questions about the role of spin exchange interactions at finite temperatures
Barhoumi, Rabei. "Positioning and addressing single molecule magnets with an STM tip". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2019/BARHOUMI_Rabei_2019_ED182.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteWith their large magnetic anisotropy associated with long relaxation times of the magnetization, TbPc2 molecular magnets are good candidates for encoding and recording data. Their robustness and their propensity to arrange into networks lend themselves well to a study of their electronic and magnetic structure by STM/STS at very low temperature (4.5 K). In this thesis work, it was possible to highlight a Kondo screening of the π and 4f electrons of the TbPc2 molecule by the electrons of the metal substrate. The magnetic properties of the molecule depend on their degree of interaction with the substrate and lateral interactions with other molecules. Thus, the π radical of the molecule is preserved on Au (111) but disappears on Ag (111) under the effect of a charge transfer between the substrate and the molecular monolayer. Finally, when the molecule is in strong interaction with the Cu(111) substrate, a direct access to the 4f states of the central Tb ion by STM is possible as shown by the detection of a Kondo effect on the central Tb ion
Doublet, Marie-Liesse. "Grandeurs Locales et Liaisons Chimiques :Des Outils d'Analyses pour l'Etude des Propriétés Macroscopiques des Solides Périodiques". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00185445.
Texto completo da fonteQu'il s'agisse des propriétés physiques comme le transport électronique et le magnétisme, ou des propriétés chimiques comme la réactivité chimique et l'oxydo-réduction, une approche locale visant à modéliser les interactions microscopiques au sein des différents systèmes doit permettre, dans le principe, de reproduire convenablement leurs propriétés macroscopiques (de basse énergie). Pour être efficace, cette approche nécessite une définition correcte de l'entité électronique active mais aussi des grandeurs physiques locales qui la caractérisent, incluant les effets de l'environnement. Établir une corrélation directe entre la nature de la liaison chimique (microscopique) et les propriétés physico-chimiques (macroscopiques) des matériaux est donc l'objectif dans lequel j'ai inscrit mes travaux de recherches depuis ma soutenance de Thèse en septembre 1994 et mon stage postdoctoral à l'Université libre d'Amsterdam. Mon travail explore à la fois des aspects méthodologiques et des applications, et vise à une meilleure description et une meilleure compréhension des phénomènes électroniques gouvernant l'arrangement structural des matériaux et les propriétés physico-chimiques qui en découlent. Une grande variété de propriétés a donc été abordée (transport, magnétisme, réactivité chimique et réactions électrochimiques), avec laquelle une grande variété de systèmes cristallins (moléculaires, covalents, organiques, inorganiques). A l'interface entre la physique et la chimie, ces études ont nécessité l'utilisation de formalismes théoriques différents mais également un investissement important dans le monde expérimental pour une bonne lecture des caractérisations physico-chimiques et des objectifs industriels.
Poilblanc, Didier. "Théorie des phases onde de densité de spin induites par le champ magnétique dans des conducteurs très anisotropes". Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112017.
Texto completo da fonteCorre, Vincent. "Magnetism in spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates with antiferromagnetic interactions". Thesis, Paris, Ecole normale supérieure, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENSU0020/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn this thesis we study experimentally the magnetic properties of spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate of Sodium at equilibrium. In this system the atoms can occupy any of the three Zeeman states characterized by their spin projection on the quantization axis m=+1,0,-1. We measure the many-body spin state of the system as a function of the applied magnetic field and of the magnetization (difference between the populations of the spin states m=+1 and m=-1) of the atomic sample. We find that our measurements reproduce very well the mean-field prediction, and we identify two magnetic phases expressing the competition between the antiferromagnetic inter-particle interactions and the effect of the magnetic field. We describe these phases in terms of a spin nematic order characterizing the symmetry of the many-body spin state. In a second part we focus on the properties of condensates of very low magnetization under a weak magnetic field. In these conditions, the symmetry of the system manifests itself in huge spin fluctuations. This phenomenon is not explainable by a naive mean-field theory and we develop a more elaborate statistical approach to describe the spin state of the condensate. We measure the spin fluctuations and are able from their analysis to infer the temperature characterizing the spin degree of freedom of the condensate. We find that this temperature differs from the temperature of the thermal fraction surrounding the condensate. We interpret this difference as a consequence of the weak coupling between these two systems
Camara, Ibrahima Sock. "Étude, par Résonance de Spin Électronique, de la dynamique des spins dans les composés à base de dimères de spins 1/2, CsV2O5, VO(HPO4)*0.5H2O et KZn(H2O)(VO)2(PO4)2(H2PO4)". Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille Université, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00747670.
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