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Artigos de revistas sobre o tema "Macrogeograhic"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junho de 2021

Última modificação: 20 de fevereiro de 2023

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1

Pitocchelli, J. "Macrogeographic variation in the song of the Mourning Warbler (Oporornis philadelphia)". Canadian Journal of Zoology 89, n.º 11 (novembro de 2011): 1027–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z11-077.

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Studies of macrogeographic variation in birdsong involve populations incapable of interbreeding because of physical barriers or separation by large distances. Different patterns have emerged from these studies such as (i) little or no variation exists among individuals or populations from the breeding range, (ii) individual variation is greater than among population variation resulting in no geographic structure, (iii) clinal variation, and (iv) macrogeographic variation where all individuals from several populations on the breeding range share a common song type forming a regional dialect or regiolect. I studied macrogeographic variation in song of the Mourning Warbler ( Oporornis philadelphia (A. Wilson, 1810)). The observed pattern was similar to the fourth category of geographic variation with regiolects. A Western regiolect extended from northern Alberta to western Ontario. An Eastern regiolect stretched eastward from western Ontario and Wisconsin to the Gaspé Peninsula and New England, then southward through the Appalachians to West Virginia. Nova Scotia and Newfoundland each had unique regiolects. Finally, I compared these results to other species with regiolects and assessed the ability of some deterministic hypotheses to explain song divergence (e.g., role of morphology, physical barriers, island isolation).

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2

Fore, Stephanie A., e Timothy P. Spira. "Macrogeographic Allozyme Variation in Passiflora incarnata". Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 129, n.º 4 (outubro de 2002): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3088703.

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3

McCalden, Gerald. "Macrogeographic Functions: A Review And Extension". Geographical Analysis 7, n.º 4 (3 de setembro de 2010): 411–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4632.1975.tb01053.x.

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4

LIU, IRENE A., BERNARD LOHR, BRIAN OLSEN e RUSSELL GREENBERG. "MACROGEOGRAPHIC VOCAL VARIATION IN SUBSPECIES OF SWAMP SPARROW". Condor 110, n.º 1 (fevereiro de 2008): 102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/cond.2008.110.1.102.

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5

Budka, Michał, Gunvar Mikkelsen, Lucia Turčoková, Yoan Fourcade, Svein Dale e Tomasz S. Osiejuk. "Macrogeographic variation in the call of the corncrakeCrex crex". Journal of Avian Biology 45, n.º 1 (3 de dezembro de 2013): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-048x.2013.00208.x.

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6

Villela, Priscilla Marqui Schmidt, Luiz Lehmann Coutinho, Carlos Ignacio Piña e Luciano M. Verdade. "Macrogeographic genetic variation in broad-snouted caiman (Caiman latirostris)". Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A: Ecological Genetics and Physiology 309A, n.º 10 (1 de dezembro de 2008): 628–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jez.489.

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7

Pitocchelli, Jay, David Guerra e Jaimie Kender. "Macrogeographic variation in song of the MacGillivray's Warbler (Geothlypis tolmiei)". Wilson Journal of Ornithology 130, n.º 3 (setembro de 2018): 716–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1676/17-089.1.

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8

Plante, Yves, Peter T. Boag e Bradley N. White. "Macrogeographic variation in mitochondrial DNA of meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus)". Canadian Journal of Zoology 67, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 1989): 158–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z89-021.

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Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from 99 meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) collected in 13 localities and from 2 Townsend's voles (M. townsendii) from a single locality was assayed for restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) with 13 restriction endonucleases. There was evidence of extensive mtDNA sequence heterogeneity within and among meadow vole populations. Thirty-eight different mtDNA composite phenotypes were found. Two common mtDNA composite phenotypes were shared among five populations, the other mtDNA composite phenotypes being characteristic of individual populations. Estimates of nucleon diversity (ĥ) were high (0.303–0.893), as were measures of intrapopulational nucleotide divergence (px values ranged from 0.0 to 0.038). Population fluctuations and periodic dispersal are the likely mechanisms maintaining high mtDNA composite phenotype diversity in meadow vole populations. Overall interpopulational nucleotide divergence (pxy) was also high (values ranged from 0.007 to 0.045). Cluster analysis clearly separates M. pennsylvanicus and M. townsendii and suggests the separation of the meadow vole populations into eastern and central groups, but there is little evidence of structure within the regional groups. Based on the zoogeography of the populations sampled, the mtDNA RFLP data support the differentiation of Microtus pennsylvanicus into at least two previously described subspecies.

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9

Webster, Lucy M. I., Paul C. D. Johnson, Aileen Adam, Barbara K. Mable e Lukas F. Keller. "Macrogeographic population structure in a parasitic nematode with avian hosts". Veterinary Parasitology 144, n.º 1-2 (março de 2007): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.09.027.

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10

Guttman, Sheldon I., e Lee A. Weigt. "Macrogeographic Genetic Variation in the Enchenopa binotata Complex (Homoptera: Membracidae)". Annals of the Entomological Society of America 82, n.º 2 (1 de março de 1989): 156–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aesa/82.2.156.

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11

Brown, Eleanor D., e Susan M. Farabaugh. "Macrogeographic Variation in Alarm Calls of the Australian Magpie Gymnorhina tibicen". Bird Behavior 9, n.º 1 (1 de dezembro de 1990): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/015613890791749055.

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12

Hafner, Mark S., John C. Hafner, James L. Patton e Margaret F. Smith. "Macrogeographic Patterns of Genetic Differentiation in the Pocket Gopher Thomomys umbrinus". Systematic Zoology 36, n.º 1 (março de 1987): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2413305.

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13

Andrade, S. C. S., C. A. Magalhaes e V. N. Solferini. "Patterns of genetic variability in Brazilian Littorinids (Mollusca): a macrogeographic approach". Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 41, n.º 4 (novembro de 2003): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0469.2003.00227.x.

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14

White, F. W. G. "Macrogeographic Variation in the Song of the Olive Whistler in Australia". Emu - Austral Ornithology 87, n.º 1 (março de 1987): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mu9870014.

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15

Porter, J. S., J. S. Ryland e G. R. Carvalho. "Micro- and macrogeographic genetic structure in bryozoans with different larval strategies". Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 272, n.º 2 (junho de 2002): 119–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-0981(02)00042-4.

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16

Ouma, J. O., J. G. Marquez e E. S. Krafsur. "Macrogeographic population structure of the tsetse fly, Glossina pallidipes (Diptera: Glossinidae)". Bulletin of Entomological Research 95, n.º 5 (outubro de 2005): 437–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/ber2005376.

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AbstractTsetse flies are confined to sub-Saharan Africa where they occupy discontinuous habitats. In anticipation of area-wide control programmes, estimates of gene flow among tsetse populations are necessary. Genetic diversities were partitioned at eight microsatellite loci and five mitochondrial loci in 21 Glossina pallidipes Austin populations. At microsatellite loci, Nei's unbiased gene diversity averaged over loci was 0.659 and the total number of alleles was 214, only four of which were shared among all populations. The mean number of alleles per locus was 26.8. Random mating was observed within but not among populations(fixation index FST = 0.180) and 81% of the genetic variance was within populations. Thirty-nine mitochondrial variants were detected. Mitochondrial diversities in populations varied from 0 to 0.85 and averaged 0.42, and FST=0.51. High levels of genetic differentiation were characteristic, extending even to subpopulations separated by tens and hundreds of kilometres, and indicating low rates of gene flow.

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17

Richmond, James A. "Macrogeographic Genetic Variation in Populations of the Webbing Cone worm (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)". Journal of Entomological Science 30, n.º 3 (1 de julho de 1995): 349–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-30.3.349.

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Genetic variation among 14 populations of Dioryctria disclusa Heinrich adults was examined using starch gel electophoresis. The average number of alleles per locus exceeded 2.0 in all populations. The number of polymorphic loci exceeded 70% in 11 populations. Genetic structure data suggest moderate differentiation (average Fst, 0.111) among the populations. Most of the differentiation is attributable to three of the eight loci (MDH, ME, and IDH). Nei's genetic identity ranged from 0.77–1.00 between populations. A phenogram based on genetic identity and unweighted pair-group method of analysis (UPGMA) clustered five of six populations in North Carolina closely together. With a cophenetic correlation of 0.96 the phenogram constructed is acceptable.

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18

Johnson, Ned K., e Jill A. Marten. "Macrogeographic Patterns of Morphometric and Genetic Variation in the Sage Sparrow Complex". Condor 94, n.º 1 (fevereiro de 1992): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1368791.

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19

VIRGILIO, M., H. DELATTE, T. BACKELJAU e M. DE MEYER. "Macrogeographic population structuring in the cosmopolitan agricultural pest Bactrocera cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae)". Molecular Ecology 19, n.º 13 (18 de junho de 2010): 2713–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294x.2010.04662.x.

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20

Casaril, Aline Etelvina, Diego Peres Alonso, Karina Garcia Franco, Marcus Vinicius Niz Alvarez, Suellem Petilim Gomes Barrios, Wagner de Souza Fernandes, Jucelei de Oliveira Moura Infran, Ana Caroline Moura Rodrigues, Paulo Eduardo Martins Ribolla e Alessandra Gutierrez de Oliveira. "Macrogeographic genetic structure of Lutzomyia longipalpis complex populations using Next Generation Sequencing". PLOS ONE 14, n.º 10 (3 de outubro de 2019): e0223277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0223277.

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21

Gorbunova, A. Yu, D. I. Korobushkin, A. S. Zaitsev e K. B. Gongalsky. "Forest fires increase variability of soil macrofauna communities along a macrogeographic gradient". European Journal of Soil Biology 80 (maio de 2017): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2017.04.001.

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22

Confalonieri, VA. "Macrogeographic patterns in B-chromosome and inversion polymorphisms of the grasshopper Trimerotropis pallidipennis". Genetics Selection Evolution 27, n.º 4 (1995): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1297-9686-27-4-305.

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23

Korobushkin, D. I., A. Yu Gorbunova, A. S. Zaitsev e K. B. Gongalsky. "Trait-specific response of soil macrofauna to forest burning along a macrogeographic gradient". Applied Soil Ecology 112 (abril de 2017): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2016.12.004.

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24

Zaslavskaya, N. I., e A. I. Pudovkin. "Macrogeographic genetic variability in the Gastropod Mollusk Littorina sitkana from the Northwest Pacific". Russian Journal of Genetics 41, n.º 3 (março de 2005): 291–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11177-005-0087-8.

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25

Semenova, A. V., A. N. Stroganov, G. A. Rubtsova e M. O. Rybakov. "Genetic Structure of the Pacific Herring Clupea pallasii Valenciennes, 1847 on a Macrogeographic Scale". Russian Journal of Genetics 57, n.º 6 (junho de 2021): 697–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1022795421060090.

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26

Doutrelant, Claire, e Marcel M. Lambrechts. "Macrogeographic Variation in Song - a Test of Competition and Habitat Effects in Blue Tits". Ethology 107, n.º 6 (junho de 2001): 533–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0310.2001.00688.x.

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27

TATARENKOV, ANDREY, e KERSTIN JOHANNESSON. "Micro- and macrogeographic allozyme variation in Littorina fabalis; do sheltered and exposed forms hybridize?" Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 67, n.º 2 (junho de 1999): 199–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1999.tb01861.x.

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28

ANDERSON, T. J. C., e J. JAENIKE. "Host specificity, evolutionary relationships and macrogeographic differentiation among Ascaris populations from humans and pigs". Parasitology 115, n.º 3 (setembro de 1997): 325–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182097001339.

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We describe a variety of restriction site polymorphisms in the introns of Ascaris nuclear genes and in the ribosomal DNA spacers. We use these markers, in addition to previously described mitochondrial variation, to clarify our understanding of the epidemiology of Ascaris in Guatemalan villages where humans and pigs occur in sympatry and to describe the genetic structure of host-associated Ascaris populations from world-wide locations. Intron sequences were amplified from individual worms and alleles defined by endonuclease digestion. Two loci were monomorphic, while 4 length variants and 22 point mutations were detected in the other 7 loci. Within sympatric Guatemalan populations no single locus from either the nuclear or mitochondrial genome was fixed for alternative alleles, although allele frequencies were significantly different at many loci. Phenograms constructed from multilocus nuclear genotypes of individual worms failed to reveal a single case of cross-infection, and demonstrate that divergent mtDNA genotypes are segregating within host-associated populations. On a world-wide scale, the data suggest that extant worm populations result from a single host shift, although characterization of genetic variation in additional loci will be necessary to confirm this. The direction and the geographical origin of the host shift were unresolved. Overall 65% of nuclear genetic variation was found within populations, host (human or pig) explained 18%, while geographical variation within host-associated populations explained 17%. The results (a) demonstrate the utility of introns for studying the epidemiology of parasites showing limited allozyme variation (b) suggest that programmes aiming to control Ascaris infection in the human population can safely ignore zoonotic infection from pigs and (c) illustrate the problems inherent in using single genetic markers to make inferences about the epidemiology of closely related parasite taxa.

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29

Sanjuan, Andrés, Angel S. Comesaña e Alejandro De Carlos. "Macrogeographic differentiation by mtDNA restriction site analysis in the S.W. European Mytilus galloprovincialis Lmk". Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 198, n.º 1 (junho de 1996): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(95)00209-x.

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30

TATARENKOV, A. "Micro- and macrogeographic allozyme variation in Littorina fabalis ; do sheltered and exposed forms hybridize?" Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 67, n.º 2 (junho de 1999): 199–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bijl.1998.0303.

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31

Mager, John Nicholas, Charles Walcott e David Evers. "Macrogeographic Variation in the Body Size and Territorial Vocalizations of Male Common Loons (Gavia immer)". Waterbirds 30, n.º 1 (março de 2007): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2007)030[0064:mvitbs]2.0.co;2.

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32

Sork, VL, S. Huang e E. Wiener. "Macrogeographic and fine-scale genetic structure in a North American oak species, Quercus rubra L". annales des sciences forestières 50, Supplement (1993): 261s—270s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/forest:19930726.

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33

Butler, Malcolm G., Iya I. Kiknadze, Veronica V. Golygina, Jon Martin, Albina G. Istomina, Wolfgang F. Wülker, James E. Sublette e Mary F. Sublette. "Cytogenetic differentiation between Palearctic and Nearctic populations of Chironomus plumosus L. (Diptera, Chironomidae)". Genome 42, n.º 5 (1 de outubro de 1999): 797–815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g99-014.

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Macrogeographic patterns of polytene chromosomal banding sequences were studied in natural populations of the Holarctic species Chironomus plumosus. Of the 31 inversion sequences now known, 16 are endemic to the Palearctic, 7 are endemic to the Nearctic, and 8 are Holarctic sequences common to both zoogeographic zones. Differences in the sets of inversion sequences found on each continent, plus differing frequencies of Holarctic sequences, result in great overall divergence of karyotypes on the two continents. The karyotype of Nearctic C. plumosus differs from that of Palearctic populations primarily by the presence of a homozygous Nearctic sequence in arm A (n'plu A9), along with fixation (h'plu C2, h'plu E2, and h'plu F1), or high frequency (h'plu D2), of Holarctic sequences which are present but less frequent in the Palearctic. Although long continental isolation has led to great divergence of karyotypes on opposite sides of the Atlantic Ocean, all populations of C. plumosus show sufficient cytogenetic similarity to constitute a single Holarctic species.Key words: karyotype, inversion polymorphism, cytogenetic distances, Chironomus.

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34

Costa, James T., e Kenneth G. Ross. "Hierarchical Genetic Structure and Gene Flow in Macrogeographic Populations of the Eastern Tent Caterpillar (Malacosoma americanum)". Evolution 48, n.º 4 (agosto de 1994): 1158. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2410375.

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35

Wei, K., AR Wood e JPA Gardner. "Seascape genetics of the New Zealand greenshell mussel: sea surface temperature explains macrogeographic scale genetic variation". Marine Ecology Progress Series 477 (12 de março de 2013): 107–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps10158.

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36

Westlake, Robin L., e Gregory M. O'Corry-Crowe. "MACROGEOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE AND PATTERNS OF GENETIC DIVERSITY IN HARBOR SEALS (PHOCA VITULINA) FROM ALASKA TO JAPAN". Journal of Mammalogy 83, n.º 4 (novembro de 2002): 1111–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2002)083<1111:msapog>2.0.co;2.

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37

Hasson, Esteban, Constantina Rodriguez, Juan J. Fanara, Horacio Naveira, Osvaldo A. Reig e Antonio Fontdevila. "The evolutionary history of Drosophila buzzatti. XXVI. Macrogeographic patterns of inversion polymorphism in New World populations". Journal of Evolutionary Biology 8, n.º 3 (maio de 1995): 369–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1420-9101.1995.8030369.x.

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38

Costa, James T., e Kenneth G. Ross. "HIERARCHICAL GENETIC STRUCTURE AND GENE FLOW IN MACROGEOGRAPHIC POPULATIONS OF THE EASTERN TENT CATERPILLAR (MALACOSOMA AMERICANUM)". Evolution 48, n.º 4 (agosto de 1994): 1158–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1994.tb05302.x.

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39

Parry, Dylan, Richard A. Goyer e Gerald J. Lenhard. "Macrogeographic clines in fecundity, reproductive allocation, and offspring size of the forest tent caterpillar Malacosoma disstria". Ecological Entomology 26, n.º 3 (junho de 2001): 281–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2311.2001.00319.x.

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40

Glaszmann, J. C. "Geographic pattern of variation among Asian native rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.) based on fifteen isozyme loci". Genome 30, n.º 5 (1 de outubro de 1988): 782–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g88-126.

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The geographic pattern of isozyme variation among rice varieties (Oryza sativa L.) in Asia is described based on an electrophoretic survey of 1688 accessions for 15 loci. The distribution patterns are strongly determined by the existence of several varietal groups that are characterized by contrasting multilocus types with dissimilar environmental and macrogeographic distributions. The two main groups correspond to the indica and japonica subspecies. Other types are frequently found in the Indian subcontinent, especially along the Himalayan foothills. These types are predominant in the Indus River basin. They are differentiated into four groups in the eastern part of the Himalayan foothills. There is variation within the groups. Non-random allele distributions are observed, such as regional clines and narrow localization of alleles. Diversity among indica rice is evenly distributed in whole tropical Asia. Variation among japonica rice shows the hilly part of continental Southeast Asia to be the region of highest genetic diversity and its probable area of origin. All this information provides a guide for further analysis aimed at elucidating the history of cultivated rice in Asia and, subsequently, in other continents.Key words: Asian rice, genetic diversity, isozymes, geographic distributions.

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41

Pahl, B. C., J. M. Terhune e H. R. Burton. "Repertoire and Geographic Variation in Underwater Vocalisations of Weddell Seals (Leptonychotes weddellii, Pinnipedia : Phocidae) at the Vestfold Hills, Antarctica". Australian Journal of Zoology 45, n.º 2 (1997): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo95044.

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The underwater vocalisations of Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii) near Davis, Antarctica, were many and varied. A total of 11029 vocalisations recorded throughout and immediately after the breeding season were analysed. Vocalisations were classified by cluster analysis techniques, based on differences in frequency, duration, call shape, waveform and number of elements. Thirteen broad call categories (many with subdivisions) were identified. Twelve call types (belonging to nine categories) made up 91· 9% of the vocalisations and were present at all seven study sites within the Vestfold Hills, and a single site at the Larsemann Hills approximately 150 km away. A further eight call types (five categories) made up another 6·7% of the vocalisations. These were not detected at every recording site. An additional 29 call types (11 categories) were infrequent and probably reflect the diversity of individual seals. This study strengthens the case for macrogeographic variation in underwater Weddell seal vocalisations around Antarctica. Microgeographic differences, between sites within 150 km, were weak and not consistent between sites or years. Some adult females move to different breeding sites within the Vestfold Hills area between years. This would probably preclude the establishment of site-specific (microgeographic) repertoire differences.

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42

Hebert, Paul D. N., e Terrie L. Finston. "Macrogeographic patterns of breeding system diversity in the Daphnia pulex group from the United States and Mexico". Heredity 87, n.º 2 (agosto de 2001): 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2540.2001.00885.x.

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Pérez de Rosas, Alicia R., Elsa L. Segura, Laura Fichera e Beatriz Alicia García. "Macrogeographic and microgeographic genetic structure of the Chagas’ disease vector Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) from Catamarca, Argentina". Genetica 133, n.º 3 (21 de setembro de 2007): 247–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10709-007-9208-8.

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44

Takezaki, Toshiro, Toshinobu Fujiyoshi e Kazuo Tajima. "Macrogeographic and micrographic comparative study of risk factors for gastric cancer in Japan, China and South America". Estudios Atacameños. Arqueología y antropología surandinas., n.º 15 (1998): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22199/s07181043.1998.0015.00003.

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45

Hebert, Paul D. N., Steven S. Schwartz, Robert D. Ward e Terrie L. Finston. "Macrogeographic patterns of breeding system diversity in the Daphnia pulex group. I. Breeding systems of Canadian populations". Heredity 70, n.º 2 (fevereiro de 1993): 148–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/hdy.1993.24.

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46

Gordillo, Sandra, Mariano E. Malvé, Gisela A. Morán e Gabriella M. Boretto. "Naticid drilling predation from tidal flats in northern Patagonia, SW Atlantic". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 100, n.º 6 (setembro de 2020): 909–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315420000892.

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AbstractNaticids and muricids are the main drilling gastropod families that leave a characteristic hole in their shelled prey. Drilling predation can be evaluated along spatial scales, and different latitudinal patterns (equatorward, poleward, mid-latitude peaks or no trend at all) have already been described. For Argentine Patagonia, most studies have analysed muricid predation, but scant information is available on naticid predation. This study provides evidence of predation by the moon snail Notocochlis isabelleana on a thin and fragile burrowing bivalve, Darina solenoides, along the intertidal sandflats at Pozo Salado, San Matías Gulf, in northern Patagonia. To estimate the incidence of predation, articulated specimens of Darina solenoides (N = 432) were randomly collected in the intertidal zone. Drill holes (N = 94) were recorded in shell lengths ranging between 10 and 35 mm. Taking into account previous studies in the region, the intensity of mortality by drilling (22%) constitutes a higher value than expected for this latitude. These results may help explain local patterns in a particular site in northern Patagonia which has been previously identified as an outlier, but further studies aimed at evaluating macrogeographic patterns are necessary for a better understanding of the regional factors that might be governing these predator–prey interactions.

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Johnson, Ned K. "Speciation in Vireos. I. Macrogeographic Patterns of Allozymic Variation in the Vireo solitarius Complex in the Contiguous United States". Condor 97, n.º 4 (novembro de 1995): 903–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1369530.

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Arias, Maria Belen, Samia Elfekih e Alfried P. Vogler. "Population genetics and migration pathways of the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata inferred with coalescent methods". PeerJ 6 (7 de agosto de 2018): e5340. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5340.

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Background Invasive species are a growing threat to food biosecurity and cause significant economic losses in agricultural systems. Despite their damaging effect, they are attractive models for the study of evolution and adaptation in newly colonised environments. The Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata, as a member of the family Tephritidae, is one of the most studied invasive species feeding on many fruit crops in the tropics and subtropics worldwide. This study aims to determine the global macrogeographic population structure of Ceratitis capitata and reconstruct its potential migration routes. Method A partial mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene from >400 individual medflies and 14 populations from four continents was sequenced and subjected to Bayesian demographic modelling. Results The Afrotropical populations (Kenya, South Africa and Ghana) harbour the majority of haplotypes detected, which also are highly divergent, in accordance with the presumed ancestral range of medflies in Sub-Saharan Africa. All other populations in the presumed non-native areas were dominated by a single haplotype also present in South Africa, in addition to a few, closely related haplotypes unique to a single local population or regional set, but missing from Africa. Bayesian coalescence methods revealed recent migration pathways from Africa to all continents, in addition to limited bidirectional migration among many local and intercontinental routes. Conclusion The detailed investigation of the recent migration history highlights the interconnectedness of affected crop production regions worldwide and pinpoints the routes and potential source areas requiring more specific quarantine measures.

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Ruiz-Garcia, Manuel, e Keith K. Klein. "Genetic structure of populations of the domestic cat in Catalonia (Spain) and upper midwestern USA: A microgeographic and macrogeographic study". Journal of Genetics 76, n.º 2 (agosto de 1997): 99–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02923555.

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Förschler, Marc I., e Elisabeth K. V. Kalko. "Macrogeographic variations in food choice of mainland citril finches Carduelis [citrinella] citrinella versus insular Corsican (citril) finches Carduelis [citrinella] corsicanus". Journal of Ornithology 147, n.º 3 (6 de dezembro de 2005): 441–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10336-005-0032-6.

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