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1
Payen, Jacques. "Seguin, Stephenson et la naissance de la locomotive a chaudière tubulaire (1828–1829)". History and Technology 6, n.º 2 (julho de 1988): 145–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07341518808581745.
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Polivyanchuk, A. "ASSESSMENT ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF METHOD ACCELERATED MEASUREMENT EMISSIONS OF PARTICULATE MATTER WITH DIESEL LOCOMOTIVE EXHAUST". Municipal economy of cities 4, n.º 150 (31 de maio de 2019): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2019-4-150-35-39.
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The problem of increasing the cost of environmental testing of diesel locomotives is considered, associated with the beginning of the normalization of the average operational emission of particulate matter from the exhaust gases of a diesel engine - an indicator of PM. The requirements of regulatory documents on the procedure for determining the PM indicator in the course of environmental tests of diesel locomotives are analyzed. In order to increase the economic efficiency of environmental tests of diesel locomotives, it is proposed to use the method of accelerated measurement (MАМ) of the PM indicator, which is characterized by a maximum allowable sample filtration rate of 100 cm/s and a minimum allowable mass of particulate matter on filters of 0,25 during certification tests and 0,14 mg - during research trials of a diesel engine. Developed: a methodology for evaluating the economic efficiency of using MAM and a methodology for experimental testing of MAM during diesel engine tests. The economic efficiency of MAM is proved. Computational studies have shown that the use of this method allows to reduce the cost of certification testing of a locomotive by 9 ... 28%, research tests - by 43 ... 53%. With decreasing levels of particulate emissions from diesel locomotives, the efficiency of the use of MAM is growing. On the basis of the 4CHN12/14 diesel engine, the experimental development of the proposed method was carried out, which confirmed the practical suitability of the MAM for the implementation of ISO 8178-F and DSTU 32.001-94 test cycles. It has been established that a decrease in the mass of the sample to the minimum allowable value leads to some decrease in the accuracy of the measurements of the PM index. However, it has been experimentally proved that the error in the reproducibility of the measurement results of the PM indicator during the implementation of MIE does not exceed the permissible value of ± 8.5%, and, therefore, this method can be applied in practice.
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PEREIRA E SILVA, PABLO, RODRIGO VAREJÃO ANDREÃO e MÁRIO MESTRIA. "SISTEMA DE REALIDADE VIRTUAL PARA TREINAMENTO DE OPERADORES DE LOCOMOTIVAS". Revista SODEBRAS 14, n.º 159 (março de 2019): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.29367/issn.1809-3957.14.2019.159.110.
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Mandai, K., M. Tada, Y. Yamada, T. Koike, T. Okano, N. Hidaka e H. Nakamura. "POS0517 A LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF SARCOPENIA, LOCOMOTIVE SYNDROME, AND FRAILTY IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: FROM THE CHIKARA STUDY". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (19 de maio de 2021): 492.2–492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.1245.
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Background:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients have a high frequency of sarcopenia, and they commonly have reduced physical function. We previously reported that the prevalence of sarcopenia was 28%, that of frailty was 18.9%, and that of pre-frailty was 38.9% in RA patients1,2, and 13.2% of RA patients developed sarcopenia within a year 3.Objectives:To investigate the risk factors for new onset of sarcopenia, locomotive syndrome, and frailty in patients with RA and the course of each disease.Methods:Two-year follow-up data from the rural group of the prospective, observational CHIKARA study were used. Sarcopenia was diagnosed using the criteria of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2014, locomotive syndrome was diagnosed using locomotive 5, and frailty was diagnosed using the basic checklist. New onset of the disease over the 2-year follow-up period was studied, excluding cases that had the disease at baseline. Improvement was defined as cases with disease at baseline that no longer met the diagnostic criteria after 2 years. Differences in the characteristics of each disease were tested using the Chi-squared test and the paired t-test.Results:The 81 patients with RA (82.7% female) had mean age 66.9±11.5 years, mean DAS28-ESR 2.9±1.2, methotrexate use in 81.5% (with a dose of 9.9±2.7 mg/week), and glucocorticoid (GC) use in 22.2% (with a dose of 3.1±1.7 mg/week). The baseline prevalence was 44.4% for sarcopenia, 35.8% for locomotive syndrome, and 25.9% for frailty, and the new onset rate was 4.4% for sarcopenia, 15.4% for locomotive syndrome, and 13.3% for frailty. Of the patients with each disease at baseline, 36.1% had sarcopenia, 20.7% had locomotive syndrome, and 33.3% had frailty, and of those with each disease at 2 years, 36.1% had sarcopenia, 20.7% had locomotive syndrome, and 33.3% had frailty. The new onset sarcopenia and locomotive syndrome groups had significantly higher rates of GC use (p=0.036, p=0.007, paired t-test) and significantly higher doses (p=0.01, p=0.001, paired t-test) than the groups without new onset sarcopenia and locomotive syndrome. High baseline disease activity was an independent predictor of new onset of locomotive syndrome on multivariate logistic regression analysis (OR=3.21, p=0.015).Conclusion:The new onset rates at 2 years were 4.4% for sarcopenia, 15.4% for locomotive syndrome, and 13.3% for frailty. In the new onset sarcopenia and locomotive syndrome groups, both GC use and dosage were significantly higher.References:[1]Tada M, et al. Matrix metalloprotease 3 is associated with sarcopenia in rheumatoid arthritis - results from the CHIKARA study. Int J Rheum Dis. 2018 Nov;21(11):1962-1969.[2]Tada M, et al. Correlation between frailty and disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Data from the CHIKARA study. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2019 Dec;19(12):1220-1225.[3]Yamada Y, et al. Glucocorticoid use is an independent risk factor for developing sarcopenia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: from the CHIKARA study. Clin Rheumatol. 2020 Jun;39(6):1757-1764.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
5
Nogue, Nicolas. "Reconstruction et modernisation de la SNCF : les nouvelles rotondes pour locomotives à vapeur (1944-1952)". Revue d’histoire des chemins de fer, n.º 28-29 (1 de dezembro de 2003): 510–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/rhcf.1821.
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Martynov, I., Yu Kalabukhin, A. Trufanova, S. Martynov e I. Ostapenko. "TO THE ISSUE OF MODERNIZATION OF PASSENGER CAR BODIES". Municipal economy of cities 3, n.º 177 (26 de maio de 2023): 189–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2023-3-177-189-199.
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Passenger cars owned by JSC "Ukrzaliznytsia" have practically exhausted their resource. Improving the efficiency of railways requires the use of new innovative technical solutions. The article analyzes the technical condition of the bodies of passenger cars that have worked out their resource. A total of 540 wagons of different years of construction were inspected. In the course of the analysis, the results of inspections of the metal structures of cars were divided into five conditional groups depending on the service life. At the same time, the nominal values of the thicknesses of the structural elements of the car and the actual values were compared. The authors determined the intensity of the increase in wear of various elements of the body. It has been established that the lower trim, the roof slope and the lower part of the side wall have the greatest wear. It is proposed to use aluminum alloys for the modernization of passenger car bodies. The advantage of such a technical solution is an increase in the corrosion resistance of the body. This significantly increases the durability of the wagons and reduces the tare weight of the car. The reduction of tare allows to reduce the specific resistance to train movement, reduce fuel and electricity costs for train traction, and the operating costs of railway transport for energy consumption. To reduce operating costs using the basic provisions of the locomotive traction theory, calculations were made to determine the energy consumption for the movement of a passenger train according to the profile conditions of the real section of the regional branch of the Southern Railway by diesel and electric locomotive traction with the base variant and the variant of passenger cars with reduced tare weight) in composition of the train. In the calculations, it was considered that for the movement of passenger trains, a diesel locomotive of the TEP70 series is used for diesel traction, and for an AC electric locomotive of the ChS4 series. It has been established that the annual savings in energy costs for the traction of passenger trains when using passenger cars with a reduced tare weight is about 1 million UAH. Keywords: passenger car, body, resource, wear, modernization, economic effect.
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Tyrell, David, e A. Benjamin Perlman. "Evaluation of Rail Passenger Equipment Crashworthiness Strategies". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1825, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2003): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1825-02.
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Comparisons are made of the effectiveness of competing crashworthiness strategies—crash energy management (CEM) and conventional passenger train design. CEM is a strategy for providing rail equipment crashworthiness that uses crush zones at the ends of cars. These zones are designed to collapse in a controlled way during a collision, distributing the crush among the train cars. This technique preserves the occupied spaces in the train and limits the decelerations of the occupant volumes. Two scenarios are used to evaluate the effectiveness of the crashworthiness strategies—( a) a train-to-train collision of a cab-car–led passenger train with a standing locomotive–led passenger train and ( b) a grade-crossing collision of a cab-car-led passenger train with a standing highway vehicle. The maximum speed for which all the occupants are expected to survive and the predicted increase in fatalities and injuries with increasing collision speed are determined for both train designs. Crash energy management is shown to significantly increase the maximum speed at which all the occupants could survive for both grade crossing and train-to-train collisions for cab-car–led trains, at the expense of modestly increasing the speeds at which occupants impact the interior in train-to-train collisions.
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Moroz, M., E. Mykhailova, A. Rohozin e O. Skrypnyk. "INJURIES IN RAILWAY TRANSPORT AND WAYS OF REDUCING THE INDUSTRIAL DANGERS IMPACT". Municipal economy of cities 3, n.º 177 (26 de maio de 2023): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2023-3-177-159-165.
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The article deals with the problem of the labour protection state in railway transport. The transport sector, in particular the railway, is one of the main country's activity spheres, which significantly affects the level of its social and economic development. The analysis of statistical data shows that the transport industry is one of the leaders in the most trauma-hazardous human activity spheres. Thus, the analysis of injury rates and factors determining the professional reliability of locomotive crews, and the scientific substantiation of measures set aimed at preserving the health of railway transport workers and ensuring the safety of railway transport, are urgent and essential tasks. The article's purpose is a comprehensive analysis of the injury's actual state in railway transport. In the work, it is established that during the performance of their duties, railway transport employees are affected by physical, chemical and biological harmful production factors. The work is carried out under the influence of psychophysiological factors caused by the severity and intensity of the labour process in conditions of hydrodynamic and fixed working posture. It was determined that the influence of adverse factors complex leads to disruption of the cardiovascular, central nervous and endocrine systems activity. The authors assessed the actual state of industrial and non-industrial injuries in railway transport. It has been established that the number of industrial accident victims has been gradually increasing in recent years. This indicates the need to develop and implement in practice a set of measures to improve the working conditions of mainline locomotive crews. It is noted that the key areas of measures to preserve the health and professional capacity of railway transport workers are the improvement of regulatory and legal support, socio-economic motivation of workers, and organizational-technological and sanitary-medical measures. Keywords: injury, accident, railway transport, labour protection.
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Marenich, O., e O. Karzova. "ENERGY SAVING BY REPLACING UNLOADED ENGINES OF NON-STANDARD EQUIPMENT FOR ROLLING STOCK REPAIR". Municipal economy of cities 6, n.º 166 (30 de novembro de 2021): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2021-6-166-33-38.
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It is established that at various technological processes at repair of a rolling stock of railways electric drives of the universal non-standard equipment can constantly work in essentially underloaded mode that leads to deterioration of their power indicators. The aim of the work is to quantify the reduction of active power losses when replacing constantly underloaded asynchronous motors of unregulated electric drives of universal non-standard technological equipment used in the repair of railway rolling stock with less powerful ones. In this work, the subject of research are the motors of electric drives of this equipment. The analysis of technological processes at repair of a rolling stock, technical characteristics of the specified equipment is carried out and the conclusion is accepted that first of all it is expedient to investigate efficiency of replacement on the equipment of the established engine on less powerful at carrying out at the specialized enterprises of such technological processes warehouse (wheel pairs, traction motors, auxiliary electric machines, frames of rolling stock carts, etc.). The load of the electric motors of transport trolleys of equipment is proposed to be defined as the ratio of the weight of a large unit of electric locomotive, diesel locomotive, electric train and other types of rolling stock to the carrying capacity of universal non-standard equipment of transport trolley. The term "universal" equipment is introduced in the work, which means equipment for performing a certain technological process in the repair of various large units of different types of rolling stock, as well as "specialized enterprise" specializing in the repair of rolling stock, large units which weigh significantly less, than the load-lifting capacity of the transport cart of the equipment. Therefore, the motors of electric drives of universal equipment at these enterprises are constantly operating underloaded. Also actions for quantitative assessment and reduction of active power losses in the electric drive motor are offered.
10
Lyman, Frederic A. "A Practical Hero". Mechanical Engineering 126, n.º 02 (1 de fevereiro de 2004): 36–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2004-feb-3.
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This article illustrates history and evolution of hero turbine. In 1830s, William Avery, a mechanic, designed and built a Hero turbine that could manage significant, useful work. It powered several gristmills and sawmills in New York State, and even drove a locomotive. Ambrose Foster and William Avery were granted a patent on September 28, 1831 for their improvement in the Steam Engine, commonly called the Reacting Engine. The Avery engine probably had other problems such as noise, vibration, the difficulty in sealing the rotary coupling, and the problem of speed regulation. These problems would have been difficult to solve with 1830s technology. Although one is said to have driven a mill for 20 years, the Avery engine probably had problems that were too difficult to solve in the 1830s. The only memorial to William Avery around Syracuse is a New York State historical marker on Route 92 near his family’s farm in Oran. It claims that the steamboat he built and launched there in 1823 became the first on the Erie Canal. Avery also built the machinery for the first steamboat on Lake Ontario, as well as for several other lake steamers.
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Osipova, I. V., O. N. Antropova, E. I. Bravkova, A. G. Zaltsman, T. B. Belousova, T. V. Perevozchikova e I. A. Batanina. "HEMODYNAMIC AND METABOLIC EFFECTS OF NEBIVOLOL IN LOCOMOTIVE CREW STAFF WITH NEWLY DIAGNOSED ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION". Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology 6, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 2010): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.20996/1819-6446-2010-6-1-37-41.
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Troitskiy, Pavel S. "Algorithm for selecting motor and trailer cars in a freight train of motor-car traction according to the energy efficiency criterion". Transportation Systems and Technology 6, n.º 1 (30 de março de 2020): 104–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/transsyst202061104-119.
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Background: improving the efficiency of freight transport is one of the main challenges facing the world's Railways. One of the most effective solutions is the introduction of distributed motor-car cargo traction. This will significantly increase the operational efficiency of the train's power plant, improve its handling, reduce the amount of destructive impact on the track, increase the capacity of railway lines and the reliability of deliveries of perishable goods.
When considering the allocation algorithm for operating the traction motors (TED) on the composition of a diesel freight trains subject to the conditions of alignment resource all TED motor coaches concluded the possibility of increasing the efficiency of multimotor traction drive modular freight trains using the proposed control algorithms for energy efficiency.
Aim: formalization of the task of selecting motor and trailer cars in a modular electric freight train.
Methods: In article the algorithm of selection of motor and trailer cars on a freight train railcar traction on the criterion of energy efficiency, the benefits of adopting a modular truck trains, are the main prerequisites for the implementation of distributed railcar truck pull. The work is based on the theory of traction calculations for train operation and is aimed at ensuring safe and energy-efficient traffic along the route sections.
Results: The developed algorithm of selection of motor and trailer cars in a unit train freight based on the condition of ensuring the traction and coupling properties of the train on the current upgrades, the development of the total volume of cargo offered for transport and energy efficiency of this type of traction.
When using the proposed algorithms for managing the energy efficiency of a motor-car electric train by selecting motor and trailer cars, adjusting the power, number of traction engines and their distribution by the composition of the traun, energy consumption on the Medvezhya Gora Noviy Poselok section can be reduced by 20.5% in the direction there and by 18.9% in the direction back without changing the traffic schedule. And when compared with a locomotive-hauled train that regulates energy consumption using the same algorithm by 4.49% and 3.61%, respectively. Energy consumption on the Krivenkovskaya Goitkh section can be reduced by 16% in the direction there and by 82% in the direction back without changing the traffic schedule. And when compared with a locomotive-hauled train that regulates energy consumption by the same algorithm by 1.61% and 65.92%, respectively.
Conclusions: The author proposes an algorithm for selecting motor and trailer cars in a freight train of motor-car traction according to the criterion of energy efficiency with the condition of ensuring traction and coupling properties on the calculated lifts. As well as the algorithm of distribution of working traction engines by the composition of the freight trains, taking into account the requirement of equalizing the resource of their work, preventing overheating and hypothermia of the fuel and energy system, and improving train handling.
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Shelekhan, H., e R. Suzak. "ANALYSIS OF EXPORT FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION OF UKRAINE IN THE RAILWAY AND SEA CONNECTION". Municipal economy of cities 3, n.º 163 (29 de junho de 2021): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2021-3-163-199-205.
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The paper analyzes the export transportation of goods by rail and transshipment in seaports of Ukraine using the methods of mathematical statistics. At present, the export of Ukrainian goods to the countries of the world in terms of traffic exceeds imports several times and is the most dynamically developing international trade sector. Despite the unstable political and economic, and since last year also the sanitary-ecological situation in Ukraine and in the world, exports still have a stable positive dynamics among the total volumes of international traffic. The analysis of export cargo with transshipment in seaports showed that for the sixth year in a row grain cargo ranks first among others in terms of exports. On the railway the key type of cargoes in transportations in recent years also became grain which rates of transportation increase annually. The export component of international trade is also based on ferrous metals, ores, oils, chemical and mineral fertilizers, and mechanical engineering products. The total share of the export component for the EU market as Ukraine's main international trading partner increased from 27.3% in 2008 to 37.3% in 2020. Among the problems hindering the further increase in transshipment in seaports is the still underdeveloped infrastructure, despite the available opportunities to increase technical capacity, and as a result - the limited range of cargo and types of vessels for service, and the use of outdated technologies of ship handling and cargo operations in ports. Ukraine's international trade development projects include attracting investors to port infrastructure through concession tenders in seaports, introduction of private locomotive traction on railways, measures to ensure safety of navigation and maintaining the necessary depths in ports, addressing the shortage of rolling stock on railways, infrastructure development port railway stations. The application of the Fourier analysis technique to detect cyclical fluctuations in transport processes made it possible to obtain a forecast function of grain cargo volumes in certain time intervals, which can be used to develop measures to smooth out uneven traffic flows and reduce uncertainties in transport.
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Polivyanchuk, A., M. Smirny, S. Romanenko, R. Semenenko, R. Plotnikova, D. Onatsky e O. Efimov. "RESEARCH OF EFFICIENCY ECOLOGICAL DIAGNOSTICS SYSTEM OF HEAT ENGINES AND BOILER PLANTS". Municipal economy of cities 6, n.º 152 (28 de dezembro de 2019): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2019-6-152-73-78.
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A universal, multifunctional system of environmental diagnostics of heat engines and boiler plants has been created, which allows one to determine indicators characterizing the chemical and physical effect of these objects on the environment: concentrations, mass, specific and average operational emissions of pollutants, noise, thermal pollution, vibration. This measuring system consists of instrumental, testing, demonstration and laboratory modules, which allows you to use it as a diagnostic tool, training and test bench and laboratory; as well as apply it in various fields: transport, energy, environmental and educational fields. The diagnostic system implements methods for monitoring and improving the accuracy of measurements of average operating emissions of pollutants: method for determining the resulting measurement errors of the average operational emissions of gaseous pollutants and particulate matter – GAS and РT indicators, which allows you to evaluate the impact on the data of the value of the errors of the measuring equipment of the diagnostic system; a method for increasing the accuracy of measurements of the normalized РT index by taking into account the methodological error of measurements of a given value due to the influence of the temperature of the sample in the tunnel on the measured emission of particulate matter - δРТt. Experimental studies of the diagnostic system and methods for increasing its accuracyon full-scale objects were carried out: diesel engines: tractor 4CHN12/14 tractor D65M, diesel locomotive diesel engine DEL-01 and boiler units: gas - DKVR-20/13 and AOGV-100E, solid fuel - KCHM-2M-4. Transport diesels were tested according to the cycles established by the UNECE Regulations R-49, R-96 and the international standard ISO-8178. As a result of tests of these engines, the coefficients KРi, KMgasi and KMрmi were determined, which are used to assess the accuracy of measurements of GAS and РT indicators, the resulting measurement errors of these values were investigated and the range of variation of the methodical error δРТt was determined.
15
Vorozhbiian, M., V. Brusentsov, M. Ivashchenko e O. Skrypnyk. "ERGONOMICS AS A SAFETY FACTOR IN THE RAILWAY INDUSTRY". Municipal economy of cities 1, n.º 175 (3 de abril de 2023): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2023-1-175-169-175.
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Railway transport is a huge energetic system, the functioning of which is determined by the coordinated work of thousands of employees of various specialties, including dispatchers and locomotive drivers. In the "man-technical system-production environment" system, a person is the "weakest link", determining the reliability and safety of the system's functioning as a whole. Studies show that the driver's work in conditions of high-speed traffic involves a high level of stress on the nervous analyzers, as well as the functions of memory and attention, which leads to their rapid fatigue. The level of fatigue obtained as a result of the work shift is unacceptable for most workers, monitoring the level of functional reliability of the worker can be an effective means of combating accumulated fatigue. The problems of ensuring the normal life of workers in dangerous professions in modern social and industrial conditions are caused primarily by the intense influence of negative social, professional and other factors that cause the development of adverse mental states and overstrain of psychophysiological functions. All this creates stressful situations, both in society in general and for every person. Of course, in addition to the above-mentioned stresses, an important place in the activity of a human operator is occupied by professional stress, which is constantly present. The systemic impact of stress has both an immediate and remote nature. Experimental studies have established that it reduces the level of functional reliability of the "human operator". Such states include, first of all, fatigue, stress and borderline states (between health and illness). Such indicators can be an indicator of high danger of such a relevant phenomenon for the transport industry as sudden ischemic death. A distinction is made between the slow and operational components of performance, while the slow (trend) does not change for a long time (month, years), and the operational (functional state) changes in the form of "peaks", "declines" or a relatively flat "plateau" during hours. It follows from this that in order to maintain the appropriate level of safety of the transport process, it is necessary to implement control of the level of efficiency of railway operators, including its trending part, taking into account the presence of constant stresses today. It is necessary to conduct monitoring as a prediction of early diagnosis of changes in the functional state of operators, and therefore the state of professional reliability. Keywords: safety, ergonomics, diagnostics, professional reliability, level of functional reliability, trend component.
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Vorozhbiian, M., M. Ivashchenko, O. Skrypnyk e A. Rogozin. "ERGONOMICS AS A SAFETY FACTOR IN THE RAILWAY INDUSTRY". Municipal economy of cities 1, n.º 175 (3 de abril de 2023): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2023-1-175-189-195.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Railway transport is a huge energetic system, the functioning of which is determined by the coordinated work of thousands of employees of various specialties, including dispatchers and locomotive drivers. In the "man-technical system-production environment" system, a person is the "weakest link", determining the reliability and safety of the system's functioning as a whole. Studies show that the driver's work in conditions of high-speed traffic involves a high level of stress on the nervous analyzers, as well as the functions of memory and attention, which leads to their rapid fatigue. The level of fatigue obtained as a result of the work shift is unacceptable for most workers, monitoring the level of functional reliability of the worker can be an effective means of combating accumulated fatigue. The problems of ensuring the normal life of workers in dangerous professions in modern social and industrial conditions are caused primarily by the intense influence of negative social, professional and other factors that cause the development of adverse mental states and overstrain of psychophysiological functions. All this creates stressful situations, both in society in general and for every person. Of course, in addition to the above-mentioned stresses, an important place in the activity of a human operator is occupied by professional stress, which is constantly present. The systemic impact of stress has both an immediate and remote nature. Experimental studies have established that it reduces the level of functional reliability of the "human operator". Such states include, first of all, fatigue, stress and borderline states (between health and illness). Such indicators can be an indicator of high danger of such a relevant phenomenon for the transport industry as sudden ischemic death. A distinction is made between the slow and operational components of performance, while the slow (trend) does not change for a long time (month, years), and the operational (functional state) changes in the form of "peaks", "declines" or a relatively flat "plateau" during hours. It follows from this that in order to maintain the appropriate level of safety of the transport process, it is necessary to implement control of the level of efficiency of railway operators, including its trending part, taking into account the presence of constant stresses today. It is necessary to conduct monitoring as a prediction of early diagnosis of changes in the functional state of operators, and therefore the state of professional reliability. Keywords: safety, ergonomics, diagnostics, professional reliability, level of functional reliability, trend component.
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Shkolnуk, M. B., e V. M. Mykhalchuk. "EVALUATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF REHABILITATION MATHODTS FOR CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES AND LOCOMOTOR DISORDERS (REVIEW ARTICLE)". Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії 22, n.º 2 (27 de setembro de 2022): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.22.2.127.
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This review article aims at analyzing the modern medical literature on evaluating the effectiveness of current methods of rehabilitation care for children with disabilities and locomotor disabilities. According to the latest reports, in the structure and causes of children disability for 2011-2015, diseases of the nervous system (17.0% -18.9%) rank the second position. Cerebral palsy is a serious disease leading to disability. Current social and economic situation in Ukraine necessitates the strengthening of social protection of children with disabilities, the definition of priority areas in this field of care, and put the early social rehabilitation of children with disabilities among the social and medical priorities. Along with impacted psychophysical development, children can experience social maladaptation, lack of social contacts, low sociometric status that negatively impacts their mental development, the emotional and volitional spheres. Therefore, it is important to introduce wide-scale socio-psychological rehabilitation among this category of children in order to restore lost socio-psychic functions. The main goal of rehabilitation care is to improve the quality of life of patients and to promote their maximum social adaptation. For further development and improvement of the rehabilitation system, various scientific studies are being carried out. One of the important directions in this domain is the evaluation of the effectiveness of rehabilitation measures. The study of methods for evaluating complex rehabilitation programs is a promising direction for the implementation of approaches in organizing an in-depth investigation of this problem. The evaluation of the effectiveness of socio-psychological, psychological-pedagogical, physical rehabilitation care for children with disabilities, cerebral palsy and other central nervous system disorders and locomotive disorders should be carried out by multidisciplinary teams. Despite the significant number of existing methods for assessing the effectiveness of rehabilitation care, there are currently no highly effective and specific methods, and the main disadvantages of existing methods, according to the studied literature sources, are low specificity and laboriousness. Summarizing all of the above, it is important to evaluate the results of literature data in order to identify trends associated with modern methods for assessing rehabilitation measures for children with disabilities.
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Suzuki, M., T. Kojima, Y. Ohashi, R. Sato, D. Kihira, M. Maeda, K. Kishimoto, K. Terabe, S. Asai e S. Imagama. "AB0220 THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN LAUGHTER AND FRAILTY IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS FROM THE FAIRY STUDY". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 82, Suppl 1 (30 de maio de 2023): 1294.1–1294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2023-eular.2449.
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BackgroundIn the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), advances in drug therapy have led to better control of disease activity. However, RA is a systemic chronic inflammatory disease that causes frailty, a fragile state of mind and body. It is important for RA patients, who are prone to physical anxiety due to poor disease control and frailty, to be able to smile and live their lives. While there is anxiety about the disease, daily laughter may be helpful in resolving anxiety and preventing frailty. Although there have been reports on laughter and health, there are no reports on RA and laughter, so we decided to conduct a new study on laughter.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate the association between disease activity, laughter, and frailty in RA patients.MethodsData were obtained from participants in the Fairy study (The prospective cohort study of frailty in patients with rheumatoid arthritis to extend healthy life expectancy), a prospective cohort study of frailty in RA patients at Nagoya University Hospital. A frailty questionnaire was administered to 243 RA patients from February 2021 to January 2022. Patients’ subjective assessments of Kihon checklist for frailty (KCL), the 25-question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale (GLFS-25), Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and frequency of laughter were investigated using a self-administered questionnaire. The frequency of laughter was divided into four levels: “ “Almost every day”, “1-5 days per week”, “1-3 days per month” and “Never or almost never” [2], and the association with each item was analyzed by analysis of variance. The frequency of laughter was divided into two groups: “Almost every day, 1-5 days per week” and “1-3 days per month, never or almost never”, and multivariate logistic analysis was conducted to examine factors affecting laughter.ResultsMean age (± standard deviation) was 64.5±10.4 years at baseline, 85.6% were female, duration of disease was 13.1±9.9 years, disease activity score (DAS28)-CRP was 1.92±0.84, KCL was 4.7±3.7, GLFS-25 was 15.1±13.6, HAQ-DI was 0.37±0.51, and BDI-II was 10.7±8.0. Regarding drug therapy, 67.9% of the patients used Methotrexate and 23.0% used glucocorticoid. The frequency of laughter was “Almost every day” (43%), “1-5 days per week” (40%), “1-3 days per month” (11%), and “Never or almost never” (6%). The DAS28-CRP was 1.89/1.87/2.15/1.81 (P=0.487), KCL score was 3.5/4.6/7.3/8.1 (P<0.001), GLFS-25 was 13/15/22/21 (P=0.003), HAQ-DI 0.30/0.38/0.55/0.48 (P=0.105), and BDI-II 8.4/10.9/15.1/16.5 (P<0.001) for “Almost every day”, “1-5 days per week”, “1-3 days per month”, and “Never or almost never”, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that KCL score (Odds Ratio [OR]: 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.73-0.90), GLFS-25 (OR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.94-0.99) and BDI-Ⅱ (OR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.86-0.95) were independently associated with laughter frequency (Table 1).ConclusionWe found that frailty was associated with laughter in RA patients with controlled disease activity. Evaluation of laughter as a patient-reported outcome (PRO) may be novel as a positive indicator for patients themselves. Interventions not only for disease activity but also for frailty may lead to a life with laughter.References[1] Salaffi F, et al. Prevalence of frailty and its associated factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional analysis. Clin Rheumatol. 2019;38(7):1823-30.[2] Hirosaki M, et al. Effects of a laughter and exercise program on physiological and psychological health among community-dwelling elderly in Japan: randomized controlled trial. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2013;13(1):152-60.Acknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of InterestsNone Declared.
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"The Encyclopedia of trains and locomotives: the comprehensive guide to over 900 steam, diesel, and electric locomotives from 1825 to the present day". Choice Reviews Online 41, n.º 09 (1 de maio de 2004): 41–5014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/choice.41-5014.
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"British locomotive catalogue 1825–1923, volume 4: Scottish and remaining English companies in the LMS group". Transportation Research Part A: General 20, n.º 3 (maio de 1986): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-2607(86)90107-x.
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Biswal, Jyotsnarni, Rajeev K. Singh, Sangeeta Mandal, Rejani Chandran, Achal Singh, Priyanka Sah, Kuldeep K. Lal, J. K. Jena e Vindhya Mohindra. "Intraspecific phenotype variations in olive barb Systomus sarana (Hamilton, 1822) population from different rivers is possibly linked to locomotive adaptations in caudal fin". Indian Journal of Fisheries 67, n.º 3 (30 de setembro de 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.21077/ijf.2020.67.3.102563-03.
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Systomus sarana (Hamilton, 1822) [D1] is an economically important food fish species occurring throughout Indian rivers, which also has ornamental value. This study focused on morphological variations in S. sarana from five river basins across India, viz., Godavari, Mahanadi, Krishna, Middle Ganga and Lower Ganga. A truss network was constructed by interconnecting 12 landmarks to generate 65 morphometric variables extracted from digital images of specimens sampled from the study locations. Transformed truss measurements were subjected to Principal component analysis (PCA), Canonical discriminant function analysis (CDFA), Box plot and Thin plate spline (TPS) analyses. PCA identified eight truss variables with significant loadings, while CDFA designated two truss variables with potential for explaining discrimination between populations. Anterior attachment of dorsal membrane from caudal fin was identified to be the most important variable that presented variations across the river basins studied. Discriminant analysis correctly classified 70.5% of the specimens into their original populations. Thin plate spline for morphometric shape variation analysis indicated highest specimen-shape variations (warping) in Mahanadi basin. TPS-principal strain ratio on principal components (PC-1, PC-2) further revealed significant divergence among the populations in five river basins studied. Results of the study revealed variation in stocks of the species, on the basis of shape morphometry. The four significant parameters, differentiating specimens from different basins, were linked to caudal fin origin at dorsal side and the centre and possibly indicate plasticity in response to locomotive adaptations.