Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Local disamenities"

In this paper, we examine the relationship between housing prices and municipal amalgamations. Due to consumer preference for access over amenity value, there is a spatial disparity of housing prices, reflecting the value of land in specific locations. According to \citet{tiebout1956} local amenity values will increase if the services of a municipality improve without a comparable rise in taxes or service fees, or if taxes or service fees decrease while the service level remains the same. The bid-rent curve is a framework frequently used to capture a presence of goods or bads such as amenities, disamenities, and externalities. Accordingly, the present study will be used to detect a possible social benefit or loss following amalgamations of municipalities. Macro panel data from Iceland will be used, representing several essential variables of the house market for 79 municipalities in Iceland during the period from 1992 through 2006. The research shows a significant positive relationship, ceteris paribus, between regional municipal amalgamations and local real prices of apartments.

In this paper, we examine the relationship between housing prices and municipal amalgamations. Due to consumer preference for access over amenity value, there is a spatial disparity of housing prices, reflecting the value of land in specific locations. According to \citet{tiebout1956} local amenity values will increase if the services of a municipality improve without a comparable rise in taxes or service fees, or if taxes or service fees decrease while the service level remains the same. The bid-rent curve is a framework frequently used to capture a presence of goods or bads such as amenities, disamenities, and externalities. Accordingly, the present study will be used to detect a possible social benefit or loss following amalgamations of municipalities. Macro panel data from Iceland will be used, representing several essential variables of the house market for 79 municipalities in Iceland during the period from 1992 through 2006. The research shows a significant positive relationship, ceteris paribus, between regional municipal amalgamations and local real prices of apartments.

We analyze the effects of shale oil development on regional labor markets. By exploiting the exogenous geographic endowment of shale oil and gas, we find that shale endowments have differential impacts on workers in and out of the labor market. After introducing new shale technologies in 2006, shale oil and gas significantly increased the local share of high school graduates participating in the labor force. Yet, shale endowments decreased the percentage of nonworking college graduates who do not participate in the labor force. Our results suggest that shale oil and gas could increase the demand for high school graduates but create disamenities for college graduates who are not in the labor force.

Abstract Why do freeways affect spatial structure? We identify and quantify the local disamenity effects of freeways. Freeways cause slower growth in central neighborhoods (where local disamenities exceed regional accessibility benefits) compared with outlying neighborhoods (where access benefits exceed disamenities). A quantitative model calibrated to Chicago attributes one-third of the effect of freeways on central-city decline to reduced quality of life. Barrier effects are a major factor in the disamenity value of a freeway. Local disamenities from freeways, as opposed to their regional accessibility benefits, had large effects on the spatial structure of cities, suburbanization, and welfare.

Research linking municipal underbounding to racialized environmental inequality suggests that understanding the built environmental outcomes of municipal annexation or incorporation may add an important dimension to scholarship on environmental justice and critical race theory. This article explores whether white, black, and Latinx populations are likely to receive the same built environmental benefits from municipal incorporation. I study the distribution and proximity of built amenities and disamenities across white, black, and Latinx populations in incorporated municipalities and unincorporated communities in North Carolina—a state with ongoing controversies about who benefits from municipal jurisdiction. To the extent that municipalities are associated with built environmental amenities, I find that block groups with high white populations are the primary beneficiaries. By contrast, environmental disamenities are distributed disproportionately in communities with higher black and Latinx populations regardless of municipal incorporation. These findings suggest that histories of racialized municipal exclusion are an additional layer of already overdetermined environmental racism, such that municipal inclusion—primarily through annexation of excluded black and Latinx populations—may do little to alter the existing inequities.

Abstract Background This study examined the association between cognitive function and three neighborhood ‘disamenities’ that may pose local barriers to utilizing community resources and increase risk for cognitive decline. Method Using national data from 21,165 urban- and suburban-dwelling Black and white adults (mean age: 67 years) in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study, we assessed global cognitive function through a factor score of five cognitive screening tests. General Additive Mixed Models (GAMM) tested whether residing in areas with more polluting sites, highways, and limited walkability was associated with worse cognitive function. Results Limited walkability and the presence of polluting sites had a significant negative association with cognitive function after controlling for individual and neighborhood factors. Conclusion Neighborhood disamenities may be linked to cognitive function among aging residents. Identifying neighborhood factors that pose barriers to accessing community resources may inform upstream policy applications to reduce risk for cognitive decline.

Abstract We study the local effects of new market-rate housing in low-income areas using microdata on large apartment buildings, rents, and migration. New buildings decrease rents in nearby units by about 6 percent relative to units slightly farther away or near sites developed later, and they increase in-migration from lowincome areas. We show that new buildings absorb many high-income households and increase the local housing stock substantially. If buildings improve nearby amenities, the effect is not large enough to increase rents. Amenity improvements could be limited because most buildings go into already-changing neighborhoods, or buildings could create disamenities such as congestion.

Cette thèse est composée de trois chapitres indépendants portant sur les implications du déploiement des énergies renouvelables. Elle examine comment ces énergies contribuent à la réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre et comment elles peuvent affecter négativement les populations locales. Les deux premiers chapitres se concentrent sur la valeur environnementale des énergies renouvelables, c'est-à-dire la quantité d'émissions de CO2 évitées par la génération d'un mégawatt-heure additionnel, et le Chapitre 3 sur le phénomène de NIMBYism.Le Chapitre 1 analyse comment la valeur environnementale des renouvelables est modifiée par l'intégration des marchés de l'électricité. Il montre que cette intégration augmente les émissions évitées en France grâce à l'éolien espagnol, mais diminue celles évitées en Espagne, réduisant ainsi la valeur environnementale globale. Ce résultat est dû à une substitution moindre du charbon en Espagne et à une plus grande substitution du gaz en France. Il en résulte un coût de la réduction de la tonne de CO2 supérieur.Le Chapitre 2 quantifie les variations régionales de la valeur environnementale aux États-Unis en fonction des prix des combustibles et du CO2. Il révèle que sans prix du carbone, les renouvelables remplacent principalement du gaz, offrant des bénéfices modestes. Avec un prix du carbone croissant, le charbon devient marginal, augmentant la valeur environnementale des renouvelables jusqu'à un seuil. Au-delà de celui-ci, le charbon devient non rentable, et la valeur environnementale diminue à mesure que le gaz redevient marginal.Le Chapitre 3 examine l'impact des éoliennes sur les prix immobiliers en Allemagne, documentant le phénomène NIMBY (opposition locale). Les résultats montrent une baisse des prix des maisons, du tourisme local et des permis de construire suite à l'installation de nouvelles turbines. Ces effets sont plus prononcés pour la première turbine. Sur le plan positif, chaque éolienne installée augmente la capacité fiscale locale d'une municipalité grâce à sa contribution aux revenus fiscaux commerciaux locaux
This thesis consists of three independent chapters examining the implications of deploying renewable energies. It explores how these energies contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and how they can negatively affect local populations. The first two chapters focus on the environmental value of renewable energies, specifically the amount of CO2 emissions avoided by generating an additional megawatt-hour. The third chapter focuses on the NIMBYism phenomenon.Chapter 1 analyzes how the environmental value of renewables is altered by the integration of electricity markets. It shows that market integration increases emissions avoided in France due to Spanish wind energy but decreases more those avoided in Spain, thus reducing the overall environmental value. This result is attributed to a lesser substitution of coal in Spain and a greater substitution of gas in France, leading to a higher cost of CO2 reduction.Chapter 2 quantifies regional variations in the environmental value in the United States based on fuel and CO2 prices. It reveals that without a carbon price, renewables primarily replace gas, offering modest benefits. As the carbon price increases, coal becomes the marginal technology, enhancing the environmental value of renewables up to a threshold. Beyond this point, coal becomes uneconomical, and the environmental value decreases as gas becomes the marginal source again.Chapter 3 examines the impact of wind turbines on property prices in Germany, documenting the NIMBYism phenomenon. The results show a decrease in house prices, local tourism and building permits following the installation of new turbines. These effects are more pronounced for the first turbine. On the positive side, each installed wind turbine increases a municipality's local tax capacity through their contribution to local commercial tax income