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1
Elger, Tony. "Book Review: Living Labour". Work, Employment and Society 19, n.º 3 (setembro de 2005): 655–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095001700501900315.
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Наумова, Е. И. "КОНФЛИКТ КАПИТАЛА И «ЖИВОГО ТРУДА» В ФИЛОСОФИИ ПОСТОПЕРАИЗМА". Konfliktologia, n.º 3 (15 de novembro de 2015): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.31312/2310-6085-2015-3-184-193.
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This article is about the key problem of the conflict between «living» labour and capital which is connected with the reflection of relevant tendency of capitalism development. In contrast to Marx’s thesis on expansion of «living» labour by capital, Post-operaists postulate the autonomy of affective labor from capital that allows to present the concept of «multitude» as critical in relation to the contemporary forms of capitalism development. The purpose of this article is to show the conflict character of both of these approaches and emphasize heuristic potential of this antagonism for the analysis of relevant forms of capitalism development.
3
Lu, Haoxuan. "Ownership and Commodity of Labour Force in Socialist Society". Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media 8, n.º 1 (14 de setembro de 2023): 363–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/8/20230211.
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In the original sense, labour, as a kind of production and living activity, is only a way of existence accompanying human progress. It is not produced for sale but appears for completely different reasons. At the same time, the activity of labour cannot be separated from other parts of life; it can neither be stored nor circulated. However, in a capitalist society, labour is commodified, monetized, and privatized. The fictional concept of "labour is a commodity" is widely spread and deeply rooted in people's hearts without restriction. Transforming "labour" into "labour force" is a long and painful historical process involving complex means such as natural violence, political power, and economic temptation. The author attempts to begin with the distribution of labour products, study the problem of labour commercialization in the socialist market economy, and investigate where there is agreement on globalization concerns. To summarize, under the socialist system, when laborers have a specific property, the labor force can still become a commodity, but this just implies that the labor force can become a commodity, not that it must become a commodity.
4
Munby, Steve. "Living under New Labour: A Local Story". Soundings 29, n.º 29 (1 de março de 2005): 165–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3898/136266205820466814.
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Hansen, Ida Hillerup. "While the dead labour for the living". Kvinder, Køn & Forskning, n.º 3-4 (30 de setembro de 2019): 122–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/kkf.v28i2-3.116314.
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Guille, Howard. "Book Reviews : Labour Productivity and Living Standards". Journal of Industrial Relations 34, n.º 1 (março de 1992): 179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002218569203400116.
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Suvin, Darko. "Living labour and the labour of living: a little tractate for looking forward in the twenty-first century". Critical Quarterly 46, n.º 1 (abril de 2004): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0011-1562.2004.00546.x.
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Prvonožec, Stela. "Utjecaj plaća na tržište rada u Republici Hrvatskoj". Oeconomica Jadertina 10, n.º 2 (17 de dezembro de 2020): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/oec.3169.
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Labour market, value of wages and standard of living are inextricably linked determinants of economic development. Croatian GDP, living standards and purchasing power of the population are among the lowest in Europe. Wage growth in Croatia is present, but, as in most Central and Eastern European countries, it is not accompanied by an increase in labour productivity. The majority of the income of the Croatian population is spent on food, which is associated with low productivity of the economy. There is a significant dependence on social transfers in the structure of the household income, which, for a significant share of the population, represent the difference between poverty and relatively normal life. Croatia has failed to create economic models that enable economic growth through technological progress and strengthening of labour productivity. In order to improve the standard of living in the Republic of Croatia, it is necessary to solve the structural problems present in the labour market and create economic policies that encourage economic growth. This paper analyses the relationship between the value of wages, labour market and standard of living in the Republic of Croatia. The hypothesis is that structural problems in the Croatian labour market affect the value of wages, and consequently the standard of living of Croatian citizens. The aim of this paper is to analyse the structural problems on the labour market in Croatia and their impact on the value of wages. The purpose of this paper is to point out the importance of an efficient labour market in the national economy of the Republic of Croatia.
9
Mohd Arshad, Mohd Nahar. "KOMPONEN UTAMA GAJI KEHIDUPAN WAJAR". TAFHIM: IKIM Journal of Islam and the Contemporary World 12, n.º 2 (27 de dezembro de 2019): 99–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.56389/tafhim.vol12no2.5.
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The objective of this article is to understand the main components of living wage. The assessment of the determination of wage through the market mechanism is first discussed. It is argued that the valuation of living wage via the labor market mechanism alone is not sufficient. Thus, the estimation of living wage needs to take into account religious and cultural elements since living wage components include the normative understanding of such concepts as fair wage, equitable wage, deserving wage and decent wage. At the same time, the estimation of living wage requires consultation and feedback from employers, workers, labour union and policy-makers. Issues pertaining to the implementation of living wage are also discussed in this article.
10
Jacobsen, Gorm. "Comparisons Of Labour Productivity And Per Capita Income In The Nordic Countries (2000-2010)". International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 12, n.º 8 (29 de julho de 2013): 945. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v12i8.7990.
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Due to increased international trade for the last decades and also increased labour and capital mobility, there has been increased interest in international comparisons of economic performance and living standard among countries. Economic performance for a country may be measured by average labour productivity while living standard is measured by production per capita. Differences in these figures among countries are determined by differences in the number of working hours per person per year and the share of the population that works. This approach gives us the opportunity to examine how living standard and economic performance are related. Labour productivity depends, in general, on the amount of labour and capital, but also on factors like the education of the labour force and in investments in more modern technical equipment. This study will give us some ideas of the relative importance of labour market policy and the necessity for investments to improve the economic conditions in a country.
11
Laycock, Henry. "Exploitation and Equality: Labour Power as a Non-Commodity". Canadian Journal of Philosophy Supplementary Volume 15 (1989): 375–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.1989.10716804.
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The theory of surplus value contrasts ‘pay for labour power’ (for proletarians) and ‘pay for labour services’ (for independent, self-employed ‘professionals’). Unlike labour services (living labour, living labour, i.e., work itself) but like all commodities, labour power has a specific economic value (it contains a specific amount of embodied labour) and it exchanges at this value. Unlike that of other commodities, the consumption of labour power results in the creation of more value than the commodity itself contains. Surplus value arises from the gap between the labour needed to sustain a day’s work, to keep the worker going for a day, and the labour performed in that same time. By the labour theory of value, the amount of labour needed to sustain a day’s work (necessary labour) confers one value on the means of subsistence the worker requires, and thereby on the labour power the worker sells to her employer, whereas the day’s work itself (necessary and surplus labour) confers another larger value on the product marketed by the employer.
12
Takahashi, Mitsuru. "Labour and Living of Landlord in Taisho Period". Japanese Sociological Review 36, n.º 1 (1985): 66–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4057/jsr.36.66.
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Pogodina, Irina Vladimirovna, e Olga Sergeevna Kulakova. "Religious stereotypes in labour relations". Voprosy trudovogo prava (Labor law issues), n.º 10 (30 de outubro de 2021): 739–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/pol-2-2110-02.
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Religious attitudes have an impact on labor relations. The spiritual convictions of believers can limit human behavior to some extent. Compliance with the principle of freedom of conscience and religion predetermines the need to take into account the religious beliefs of people involved in labor relations. In this regard, the article examines the influence of religious beliefs on the labor activity of a person living in a secular state. The authors discuss the issue of discrimination against workers on religious grounds, as well as the need to provide workers with the right to express their religious affiliation while participating in labor activities. English version of the article is available at URL: https://panor.ru/articles/religious-stereotypes-in-labour-relations/74961.html
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Morelli, Carlo J., e Paul T. Seaman. "The Living Wage: An Economic Geography Based Explanation for a Policy for Equality". Social Policy and Society 15, n.º 4 (22 de setembro de 2015): 589–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746415000482.
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This article examines the theoretical underpinning of living wage campaigns. The article uses evidence, derived from the UK Quarterly Labour Force Survey from 2005 to 2008, to examine the extent to which a living wage will address low pay within the labour force. We highlight the greater incidence of low pay within the private sector and then focus upon the public sector where the living wage demand has had most impact. The article builds upon the results from the Quarterly Labour Force Survey with analysis of the British Household Panel Survey in 2007 in order to examine the impact that the introduction of a living wage, within the public sector, would have in reducing household inequality.
15
Janicki, Tadeusz. "Editorial: Labour Market and Unemployment". Studia Historiae Oeconomicae 42, n.º 2 (17 de dezembro de 2024): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.14746/sho.2024.42.2.001.
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Labour is a key factor of production, enabling the production of goods and services. Throughout history, the labour market situation has influenced economic growth and development, and hence investment, productivity, income, consumption and society's standard of living. The articles contained in the next volume of the journal Studia Historiae Oeconomicae analyze the above problem using selected examples dating back to the 18th century. The presented SHO volume consists of eight articles that provide authentic knowledge on such labour market shaping factors as wages, ideology and politics, as well as on the activities of labor unions and charitable organizations under different political and socio-economic systems. The study of labour and the labour market has a heavy burden for both cognitive and practical reasons, since knowledge of the causes, mechanisms and dynamics of change in this sphere can help optimize economic policies regarding the labour market as well as become a source of inspiration for readers and perhaps further research in this area.
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Mishra, Manamaya. "Status of Foreign Labour Migration and Impact of Migrants by COVID - 19 in Nepal". Patan Prospective Journal 3, n.º 01 (9 de outubro de 2023): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ppj.v3i01.58941.
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The paper based on the status of labour migration and remittances of Nepal in 2014 to 2022. The aims of this paper are to find out the situation of foreign labour migration in Nepal and to examine the impact of COVID-19 on the Outflow of Nepali Migrants. It is descriptive in nature and entirely based on secondary sources of information. The trends in foreign employment are presented for past eight years, 2009/10-2018/19. Although Nepal labour migration report 2022 and prelimanari report of 2021, this report reiterates those trends along with updated data from the past fiscal year to create a single comprehensive report. According to National Living Standard Survey 2011, 56 percent of Nepali households have at least one member of their family working and living abroad. The remittances sent by these members have helped improve the standard of living of Nepali households. In 2020, the remittances sent by migrant workers covered to 23.5 percent of the Nepal’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Therefore, international labor migration plays a huge role in keeping Nepal’s economy afloat. The decision of the youths to go abroad as labor was a strategy to escape from the potential threat, livelihood options, and get new country experience which ultimately became the major source to bring back remittance. Though low- skilled, foreign labor migration has been the major phenomenon for the country, which is now fully dependent on the remittance economy and counts for over one- fourth of the total national income. Nepal has undertaken several policy measures to overcome these anomalies. Although the implementation aspect is fragile to meet the ground reality, and from the notion of strategic intervention, it is necessary to revisit the policy measures to make foreign labor migration safe, secure, and informed choice based.
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Mishra, Manamaya. "Status of Foreign Labour Migration and Impact of Migrants by COVID-19 in Nepal". Patan Prospective Journal 2, n.º 2 (31 de dezembro de 2022): 98–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ppj.v2i2.52910.
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The paper based on the status of labour migration and remittances of Nepal in 2014 to 2022. The aims of this paper are to find out the situation of foreign labour migration in Nepal and to examine the impact of COVID[1]19 on the Outflow of Nepali Migrants. It is descriptive in nature and entirely based on secondary sources of information. The trends in foreign employment are presented for past eight years, 2009/10-2018/19. Although Nepal labour migration report 2022 and prelimanari report of 2021, this report reiterates those trends along with updated data from the past fiscal year to create a single comprehensive report. According to National Living Standard Survey 2011, 56 percent of Nepali households have at least one member of their family working and living abroad. The remittances sent by these members have helped improve the standard of living of Nepali households. In 2020, the remittances sent by migrant workers covered to 23.5 percent of the Nepal’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Therefore, international labor migration plays a huge role in keeping Nepal’s economy afloat. The decision of the youths to go abroad as labor was a strategy to escape from the potential threat, livelihood options, and get new country experience which ultimately became the major source to bring back remittance. Though low- skilled, foreign labor migration has been the major phenomenon for the country, which is now fully dependent on the remittance economy and counts for over one- fourth of the total national income. Nepal has undertaken several policy measures to overcome these anomalies. Although the implementation aspect is fragile to meet the ground reality, and from the notion of strategic intervention, it is necessary to revisit the policy measures to make foreign labor migration safe, secure, and informed choice based.
18
Shatalova, Liudmyla. "CONCEPTUAL BASES OF FORMATION OF COMPETENCE POTENTIAL OF LIVING LABOUR UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEMS". Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 9, n.º 4 (17 de novembro de 2023): 243–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2023-9-4-243-252.
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The relevance of the issue of the competence potential of living labour is due to the need for evolutionary changes in the labour potential of the workforce as a response to the transformation of embodied labour in the context of the digitalisation of the economy. The aim of the research is to substantiate the conceptual foundations for the formation of the competence potential of living labour in the new conditions of digital transformation. In order to achieve this goal, the conceptual and categorical apparatus of labour theory has been improved, the types and structure of competences, functions and tools for building competence potential have been defined. Methodology. General scientific research methods were used in the study. In particular, using the methods of induction and deduction, the genesis of the concept of "competence" is studied to determine the substantive transformations in time, using the method of comparison, the common and distinctive features of the concepts of "competence" and "competency" are identified, using the systematic method, the structural elements of the concept of "competence" are identified and the introduction of the concept of "competence potential" of living labour into the scientific apparatus of labour theory is substantiated. The obtained results of the study created the basis for substantiation of the conceptual scheme of formation of the competence potential of living labour, which consists in allocation and coordination of the structural elements of the categories "potential", "competence", "labour potential". It is concluded that the expansion of the competence potential of living labour should be carried out in areas in accordance with the types of competences, in particular, individual and academic competences, workplace competences and industry competences. It is established that: a) individual competences depend on genetic characteristics of a person and are formed in non-formal and informal education; b) the institute of micro-qualifications should become an effective tool for the development of academic and workplace competences; c) individual, academic and workplace competences are crystallised into sectoral competences, which are reflected in the sectoral qualification frameworks and determine the vector of movement of a modern specialist in professional activity. The practical value of the research results is associated with the possibility of forming and implementing a labour management policy adequate to the new economic conditions.
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Bogush, Larysa. "LABOUR NON-DECLARATION AS A FACTOR OF THE POPULATION LIVING STANDARDS: CONSEQUENCES, REGULATION MECHANISMS". Економіка розвитку систем 7, n.º 1 (30 de janeiro de 2025): 3–11. https://doi.org/10.32782/2707-8019/2025-1-1.
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The purpose of the article is to study the consequences of the employment and labour non-declaration for the population standards of living and working potential reproduction, as well as to substantiate systemic approaches to regulating and preventing the totality of the undeclared labour negative impacts in Ukraine. The undeclared labour is the labour activities carried out on a basis of agreements between a worker and an employer, which are usually concluded without taking into account the current legislatively approved standards for the working hours’ duration, volumes, productivity, and payment for the labour, and generally do not provide for reliable fiscal reporting on the volumes of performed labour and achieved work results (quantitative, financial). Functioning in the formal and shadow employment, the undeclared work has a clear systemic negative impact on the filling of state and local budgets, mandatory state insurance funds (in particular, pension), implementing state goals and mechanisms for socio-economic development, observance of socio-labour rights, social protection of workers and the entire population. On the other hand, working unofficially, colluding with the employer to conceal the legal labour volume and results completely or partially, not declaring the income from entrepreneurship or self-employment, a person increases the amount of available working and living capital, savings and accumulations, improves his life level and standards. The research methodology is based on the generalization, comparison, analysis of factors, manifestations and consequences of the undeclared work for the reproduction and improvement of the population labour potential and employment sphere, as well as on the synthesis of obtained results into approaches for optimizing national policy and practices of tracking and preventing these violations of legislatively approved socio-labour relations. The complexity of undeclared labour as a socio-economic phenomenon of the modern globalized world and as the employment model of the population significant share with a large number of features and factors determines the leading criterion for forming and implementing the effective policies to regulate it. The essence of this criterion is to balance the economy-wide, sectoral and industry-specific, inspection and supervising, as well as preventive measures with the involvement of authorized structures for regulating and monitoring socio-labour relations, the employment sphere and labour market, law enforcement bodies, civil society institutions (including those for trilateral cooperation). Given the trends and features of the undeclared labour in Ukraine, its regulation policy should focus primarily on the mechanisms and levers for identifying and restraining this employment model with a consecutive increase in the share of systemic measures for preventing the undeclared labour and its transforming into the official employment. The main guideline of the fair labour declaration policy is the simultaneous reduction of the undeclared labour advantages for both employers and workers (employees, self-employed).
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S, Uma Maheswari, e Gowsalya C. "A Study on Labour Welfare Measures on Health and Wealth Safety in Dalmia Bharat Cement Ltd., Chennai". International Journal of Innovative Research in Information Security 09, n.º 04 (31 de julho de 2023): 400–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.26562/ijiris.2023.v0904.33.
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Labour welfare is one of the major aspects of national programmes towards betterment of the majority of labour creating population. The term 'labour welfare' is very flexible as well as comprehensive. Labour welfare is a part of social welfare, conceptually and operationally. It covers a broad field and connotes astate of well-being happiness, satisfaction, conservation and development of human resources. The Government has inacted various rules and regulations for the betterment of the worker's life. The ideal of the welfare state has added new dimensions to the labour welfare philosophy. The changing scenario has thrown for labour new challenges to cope up in regard to technical skills and know-how etc. Labour is an important factor of production. It is different from other factors of production. All factors i.e. land, capital, material and machines are non-living things whereas, labour is a living human being. This makes all the differences. No production is possible without labour, at least one person would require to handle the switch and to start the machine for work in the age of cent percent mechanisation of automisation.
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Sergey, K. "THE IMPACT OF THE MINIMUM WAGE ON THE REPRODUCTION OF THE LABOUR FORCE IN THE RUSSIAN LABOUR MARKET". National Association of Scientists 2, n.º 32(59) (12 de outubro de 2020): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/nas.2413-5291.2020.2.59.293.
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The application of regulatory mechanisms such as the minimum wage and the subsistence minimum for the reproduction of the labour force requires special attention from the State. The Russian labour market traditionally has a significant superiority of the average wage level over the living wage and above the minimum wage, which makes these mechanisms not effective in regulating reproductive processes. The existing gap between the average wage and the minimum wage causes imperfect competition in the Russian labour market. This necessitates a review of approaches to the minimum wage and living wage in order to extend these government regulatory mechanisms to labour reproduction processes.
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Bagirova, Anna P., e Oksana M. Shubat. "Models of Grandparents’ Labour in the Socio-Economic Space of Russia". Economy of Region 17, n.º 1 (março de 2021): 197–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2021-1-15.
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Foreign researchers consider the phenomenon of grandparents’ labour in the framework of the economy of parental labour. Since the early 2000s, Russian scientists have been actively studying this problem due to high socio-economic disparity of Russian regions, and important strategic objectives stated in the Demography National Project and the Strategy of Spatial Development of the Russian Federation for the period until 2025. We identified and described specific regional situations, namely, models of grandparents’ labour in the socio-economic space of the country. To analyse grandparents’ labour, we examined individual questions of the “Comprehensive monitoring of living conditions” survey published by the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat). The research methodology includes both hierarchical (based on Ward’s method, the square of the Euclidean distance, and other measures) and non-hierarchical cluster analysis (the k-means method). We proposed a method for studying grandparents’ labour based on research of parental labour and international demographic studies on grandparenthood. The empirical analysis revealed 6 models of grandparents’ labour in the socio-economic space of Russia. These models differ in the level and intensity of involvement of older women in the sphere of grandparents’ labour and their potential in this area. For each model of grandparents’ labour, we identified the core regions (groups of regions) involved in the clustering. We explained why the government should be interested in the activation and stimulation of grandparents’ labour in Russian regions. Further research should focus on examining the particularities of grandparents’ labour depending on the actors: men, grandparents living with their grandchildren and apart from them, living in the same city, in the same or different regions of Russia.
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Petrochenko, Tatyana V. "Impact of Personnel Shortage on Modern Labour Market under Uncertainty Conditions". Economic Environment, n.º 3 (45) (2023): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.36683/2306-1758/2023-3-45/61-69.
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Shortage of highly qualified personnel influences negatively on modern labor market and poses threat of personnel shortage for social and labour relations in the society. These processes and transformations begin their origin since the pandemic, and continue to exist during the period of sanctions, demographic crisis, low living standard of the population and society differentiation. The purpose of the research is to study the indicators demonstrating the state of impact of personnel shortage on modern labour market during changing economic, political, labor and social spheres in general. In the course of the study, statistical methods, methods of grouping, comparison, and evaluation of data were used. As a result, impact of staff shortage on average wages was determined and labor market in the selected subjects of the Russian Federation was assessed. It is obvious that labour market trends in 2022 will be relevant in 2023 as well and they may even be extended up to 2024. Most likely, the market (at least in the next six months or a year) will follow the path of localization.
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Adkins, Lisa, e Eeva Jokinen. "Introduction: Gender, Living and Labour in the Fourth Shift". NORA - Nordic Journal of Feminist and Gender Research 16, n.º 3 (setembro de 2008): 138–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08038740802300947.
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Angus, Ian H. "Ontology of Living Labour and the Transcendental-Phenomenological Reduction". Symposium 28, n.º 2 (2024): 136–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/symposium202428219.
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From the 19th century to the present, philosophy has grappled with the domination of received form over ongoing experience and has proposed a return to the concrete in order to ally itself with social and intellectual liberation. My recent book, Groundwork of Phe-nomenological Marxism, identiies three historical phases of this task. The irst, associated with Karl Marx, takes political economy as its object and projects the liberation of labour. The second, asso-ciated with Edmund Husserl, takes mathematical physics as its ob-ject and projects the liberation of philosophy and the human sci-ences from objectivism. The third takes ecology as its object and projects its central role in the rehabilitation of experienced nature from its objectivistic reduction to a resource—whose latest critical phase consists in the contemporary war between planetary tech-nology and place-based Indigeneity. Depuis le XIXe siècle jusqu’à nos jours, la philosophie s’est battue contre la domination de la forme reçue sur l’expérience en cours et a proposé un retour au concret pour s’allier à la libération sociale et intellectuelle. Mon dernier livre, Les Fondements du marxisme phénoménologique, identiie trois phases historiques de cette tâche. La première, associée à Karl Marx, prend l’économie poli-tique pour objet et projette la libération du travail. La seconde, as-sociée à Edmund Husserl, prend pour objet la physique mathéma-tique et projette la libération de la philosophie et des sciences hu-maines de l’objectivisme. La troisième prend l’écologie comme objet et projette son rôle central dans la réhabilitation de la nature vécue depuis sa réduction objectiviste à une ressource – dont la dernière phase critique consiste en la guerre contemporaine entre la techno-logie planétaire et l’indigénéité territoriale.
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Ursula Huws. "Working online, living offline: labour in the Internet Age". Work Organisation, Labour & Globalisation 7, n.º 1 (2013): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.13169/workorgalaboglob.7.1.0001.
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Varma, Godi Rajendra, e Godi Sudhakar. "Socio-Economic and Living Conditions of Internal Migrant Labour Living in Visakhapatnam City, India". Populasi 26, n.º 2 (15 de setembro de 2019): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jp.44147.
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India has seen a high internal migration rate in recent years and among the internal migrants, there is a substantial proportion of poorer migrants involved in low paid and low earning jobs. The present paper reports few socio-economic characteristics and their living conditions of poor migrant labour living in Visakhapatnam city, India, which is one of the world’s fastest growing cities. Migration is one of the reasons for its growth. Data were collected from a sample of 2000 households (with migration duration of 30 days to 10 years) living in 10 slums. This study reveals that migrants are living in sub-human living conditions and are vulnerable to all sorts of risks. It further reports the poor quality of living conditions and services. The vulnerability is a state of being exposed to or susceptible to neglect, which leads to less control over the resources available in the city. They also encounter several constraints such as lack of political voice and basic facilities, low-paid, insecure and hazardous working conditions and less or no access to health care and education. Hence, the government has to recognize poor migrants as a vulnerable urban section that needs special and targeted interventions to improve their living conditions.
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CAMPS I CURA, ENRIQUETA. "Wage structures and family economies in the Catalan textile industry in an age of nascent capitalism". Continuity and Change 19, n.º 2 (agosto de 2004): 265–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026841600400503x.
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This article deals with changes in the management of industrial labour in Catalonia between 1830 and 1925. In the absence of state welfare, families developed a number of strategies to try and secure an adequate standard of living. During the nineteenth century labour markets were informal, and working contracts implicit. However, with the advent of scientific organization of labour in the 1920s, hourly wage agreements began to be recorded. The application of cooperative game theory illuminates the processes by which households in this era managed to generate income. Both kin- and non-kin-related networks were used to improve the living standards of the household. Strategies of co-residence initially developed by migrants were later imitated by locally born inhabitants. Initially the living standards of migrants were thus higher than those of natives.
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Nagymáté, Nóra. "Labour market attributes of disabled people in Hungary". Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 6, n.º 1-2 (30 de junho de 2012): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2012/1-2/16.
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Nowadays employment is an evergreen topic in Europe. The North Great Plain Region of Hungary is a typical rural area in Hungary, the unemployment rate is higher in this region as the national average, that’s why it is important, to give the possibility of job for the people living in rural areas. This paper focuses on the relationship between the disabled and the labour market in the North Great Plain Region of Hungary. On the basis of the 8/1983 Hungarian Law many kinds of supplies are provided by the State for people living with disabilities. It is very difficult to provide jobs for these people after their rehabilitation. Statistical figures show that the highest ratio of ‘people living with disabilities’ can be found in the North Great Plain Region of Hungary (30 per cent of the total number of ‘people living with disabilities’). The research focuses on special rehabilitation firms (they are specialised to employ disabled employers) and their employees. Two questionnaires for the above mentioned firms and their employees were created in order to gather information on their activities as well as relationship between the firms and its employees. Altogether 400 employees filled in the questionnaires. The current study shows the results of this survey. It can be stated that this paper shows the relationship between the employment and the types of enterprises, and disabled workers’ qualification level, the need for further education. According to the latest trends we analyse the attitude to the rehabilitation of people living with disabilities and how they will be able to work again not only in ‘rehabilitation firms’. After summarizing all claims of participants we can make an impression in this area and demonstrate the problems for the labour market generally.
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Ardana, I. Made Juli, I. Gusti Bagus Arjana e Ruslan Ramang. "Pengaruh Lingkungan Tempat Tinggal Dan Karakteristik Rumah Tangga Terhadap Munculnya Pekerja Anak Di NTT (Analisis Data Susenas Dan Potensi Desa 2011)". Bumi Lestari Journal of Environment 16, n.º 2 (1 de agosto de 2016): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/blje.2016.v16.i02.p03.
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In Nusa Tenggara Timur the appearance of child labour affected by the living environment and the household characteristic. The descriptive analysis showed that in 2011 there were 4,37 % child labour in NTT. The inference analysis showed the probability of children who live in urban area become a child labour was 0,56 times than who live in rural area, the probability of children who live in a region that there was school available become a child labour is 0,43 times than children who live in a region without school. Children with head of household work in formal sector had less probability become a child labour than children with head of household not working/work in informal sector, the probability was 0,47 times. Probability of children with head of household education highschool or above become a child labour 0,58 times than children with head of household education secondary school or less. Probability of children with head of household sex was male become a child labour 0,70 times then whose head of household sex was female. A boy have probability become a child labour 1,36 times than a girl. This result showed that living environment and household characteristics influence the appearance of child labour in NTT.
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ZHU, Weina, Ruochen ZENG, Xiaodong LI, Yi ZHU e Zhihui ZHANG. "MANAGERIAL DRIVERS OF CHINESE LABOUR LOYALTY IN INTERNATIONAL CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS". Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 23, n.º 8 (20 de novembro de 2017): 1109–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2017.1381644.
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Organization performance is becoming ever more dependent on employee loyalty in the international construction projects. However, the improvement of construction labour loyalty on construction sites remains a largely neglected measure for reducing their turnover and improving their productivity. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively investigate the managerial drivers of labour loyalty, including macro-environment of the project host country, organizational living environment, job system, rewards, and communication, and to explore the significance of satisfaction as a mediating variable in the relationship between the managerial drivers and construction labour loyalty. First, hypotheses on the relationships between construction labour loyalty, satisfaction and the five managerial drivers were proposed. Second, structural equation modelling was adopted to test these hypotheses. Finally, the results demonstrated two types of influence paths: (1) macro-environment, job system and communication have significantly direct effects on construction labour loyalty, (2) mediated by satisfaction, organizational living environment and rewards offer positive indirect effects on construction labour loyalty. The first type of path serves as a long-term strategic orientation for improving labour loyalty. The second type of path is a tactic for short-term goals of labour loyalty enhancement. The research results can contribute to the body of knowledge of human resource management and the practice of enhancing labour productivity through improving construction labour loyalty in the context of international construction projects.
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Shopov, Georgi, e Yordan Dimitrov. "SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES AND POLICIES ON THEIR INTEGRATION IN THE LABOUR MARKET". Economic Thought journal 66, n.º 3 (30 de junho de 2021): 3–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.56497/etj2166301.
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The socio-economic status of people with permanent disabilities in Bulgaria and the policies for their labour integration as part of social inclusion were studied. Based on comparisons of data from two representative empirical sociological surveys, an evaluation was made of the changes in the socio-economic profile of this group of persons that occurred in the period 2009-2020 (demographic variables such as age, gender and place of residence; education; health status; living standard; living environment; labour status). Assessments of persons with permanent disability about the key policies for their integration in the labour market were analysed, while also using expert opinions for the explanation of the surveys’ results.
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Ntovas, Alexandros X. M. "Maritime Labour Convention". International Legal Materials 53, n.º 5 (outubro de 2014): 933–1018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5305/intelegamate.53.5.0933.
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The Maritime Labour Convention (Convention) is a global legal instrument developed by the International Labour Organization (ILO) in Geneva. It was drafted with a view to completing the international regulatory regime for quality shipping as the “fourth pillar,” standing next to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships,the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, and the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers. Its two fundamental aims are to ensure comprehensive and worldwide protection of the rights of seafarers, and in doing so, to also allow a level playing field for states and ship owners committed to providing decent working and living conditions for seafarers by protecting them from unfair competition on the part of substandard ships. To this end, the establishment of firm rules that can be flexibly implemented by state parties, while at the same time providing rigorous compliance and enforcement procedures to safeguard their integrity and efficiency, are important aspects underlying the Convention.
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Ivashova, Valentina, Angelika Aydinova, Alexander Isaenko, Timofey Cherepukhin e Igor Shvetsov. "Labour resources for farms". BIO Web of Conferences 93 (2024): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20249303002.
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The article is devoted to the study of the problem of social conditions of reproduction of labour resources for farms in modern Russia. Based on the analysis of modern publications of the science-intensive Scopus database, the international experience of the development of farming and labour resources of this category of production organizations is considered. Significant substantive trends in the theoretical part of the study were reflected in the methodology and methods of empirical research conducted by the survey method in the South of Russia (Stavropol Krai). In total, 417 people permanently residing in rural areas of Stavropol Krai took part in the survey. Factor analysis of the survey data made it possible to develop a structural model for choosing living conditions in rural areas as a basic basis for the possible inclusion of the able-bodied population in farming activities. The structural elements of the model are: social guarantees at the federal and regional levels and their implementation at a high quality level, the authorities' concern for the well-being of citizens; favourable socio-ecosystem characteristics of in rural areas associated with high-quality nutrition, the possibility of creativity, preservation of folk traditions, manifestations of social initiative; the possibility of a healthy lifestyle of a modern young family with children in an ecologically clean social communications perceived as a safe habitat; inclusion of rural areas in regional socio–cultural and innovative processes; indigenous living – love for a small homeland. The obtained factor model will help in the development of programs for the effective involvement of new participants in the social group of farming and the development of effective state and regional policies in the field of reproduction of labour resources in rural areas of Russia.
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Остапенко, Ю. О. "EXPANSION OF REGULATORY POSSIBILITIES FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF LABOR RIGHTS BY HOMELANDS". Juridical science, n.º 3(105) (30 de março de 2020): 482–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.32844/2222-5374-2020-105-3.59.
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The article focuses on determining the prospects of expanding regulatory opportunities for homeworkers’ labour rights implementation in Ukraine. While analyzing critically the current labour legislation and drafts of laws on labour, we can conclude that most of norms, which regulate home-based work, are of the declarative character as they do not contain any mechanism of implementing standards and rules established by this act. The author proposes to supplement the current Labour Code of Ukraine by the specific Chapter “Atypical Employment”, which would include the Article “House-based Work and Homeworkers”. In this article it is advisable: to formulate a definition of the “house-based work” concept; to reinforce the warning about extending the labor rights of typical employees to homeworkers; to determine the role of an employment contract on home work in the emergence of labor relations with a homeworker; to outline the essential terms of an employment contract for house-based work; to determine what conditions of an employment contract for for house-based work may be additional; to resolve the issue of organizing the work process of the homeworker and checking the conformity of the living conditions of citizens who have expressed a desire to work at home; to settle the issues of use and depreciation of tools and means of the homeworker’s labor. Conclusions generalize the results of the research.
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Rajendra Mahanandia e Bharat Chillakuri. "Living and Working Conditions of Tribal Labour: A Study of Koraput District, Odisha". Think India 21, n.º 1 (19 de março de 2018): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/think-india.v21i1.7766.
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India is a developing country and considered to be world’s fastest-growing economy. Though India has witnessed tremendous progress since Independence, the country is still working on providing the basic infrastructure in the rural areas. Geographically, it is the seventh largest country in the world. Based on the gross domestic product, it is also 7th largest. The country is poised to become the third largest by 2030. Concurrently, 70% of the population living in rural areas is below the poverty line of which tribals living in the villages form the greatest pie. This paper is an attempt to study the living and working conditions of tribal labour with a focus on Koraput district, Odisha. A research study is undertaken to study the working and living conditions of tribal labour like drinking water and shelter. Further, an attempt is made to capture their source of income and expenditure pattern. Based on the first-hand information, the study provides findings and suggestions for the better improvement of lives of tribal labour.
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de Paula, Patrick Galba. "Labour-value: living labour as an alternative to physiological and value-form interpretations of Marx’s theory". Critique 50, n.º 4 (2 de outubro de 2022): 557–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03017605.2023.2199586.
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MOROZ, S., V. MEISH e A. RYBINSKA. "LABOUR MARKET OF UKRAINE". Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University. Economic sciences 272, n.º 4(1) (30 de agosto de 2019): 40–46. https://doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2019-272-4-1-40-46.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the situation on the labour market in Ukraine. The essence of the “labour market” category has been revealed. The economic substantiation for the elements of the labour market has been given: labour supply and demand, the cost of labour. There is an imbalance of a workforce at the labour market of Ukraine in terms of quality and qualification, which causes unemployment. This fact causes negative socio-economic consequences such as a decline in employment among certain categories of the population: women, students, people of pre-retirement age and socially vulnerable population. Such situation leads to a decline of a living standard; loss of income and qualifications; increase of a social tension; increasing number of criminogenic situations; increased social inequality; increase in the number of psychological and physical diseases; fall in labour activity; reduction of tax revenues to the state budget. The level of employment and unemployment has been analysed. It was found that the main causes of unemployment are such as voluntary dismissal in order to find a more favourable work place; decline in production at enterprises; reducing demand for some professions; insufficient aggregate demand; seasonal fluctuations in production that cause changes in labour demand etc. It has been found that regulation of labour demand requires an analysis of the factors that influence it. Growth of demand can be achieved by stimulating it through the creation of new permanent or temporary workplaces, the development of non-standard forms of employment, direct investment in the creation and reconstruction of workplaces.
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Arrieta Idiakez, Francisco Javier. "THE BASQUE GUARANTEED LIVING INCOME AND SOCIAL INCLUSION SCHEME AS A MODEL FOR A UNIVERSAL LABOUR GUARANTEE". Revista de Derecho 39 (31 de dezembro de 2021): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21703/issn2735-6337/2021.n39-01.
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This study first defines the scope of the concept of a Universal Labour Guarantee to include social protection. To do so, it considers the guidelines provided by both the International Labour Organisation and the European Union. The Basque Guaranteed Living Income and Social Inclusion Scheme is then analysed as a practical expression and illustration of the concept of a Universal Labour Guarantee.
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Bragoudakis, Zacharias, Evangelia Kasimati, Christos Pierros, Nikolaos Rodousakis e George Soklis. "Measuring Productivities for the 38 OECD Member Countries: An Input-Output Modelling Approach". Mathematics 10, n.º 13 (3 de julho de 2022): 2332. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10132332.
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Using a multisectoral model and the latest data from the OECD Input-Output Tables (IOTs-2021 ed.), this article estimates labour and capital productivities of the 38 OECD member countries. As measures of the productivity of labour, we consider the inverse of the vertically integrated labour coefficients, while Perron–Frobenius theorems are employed so as to measure capital productivity. In this respect, the productive technologies and the intersectoral relationships of each economy are taken into account. We further investigate the relationship between productivity, economic efficiency and living standards. Findings indicate that the impact of capital productivity on higher living standards depends on the evolutionary and institutional background of the economy at hand.
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Izhar, Asma Idayu, e Weng Wai Choong. "COMMUNITY CONCERNS ON MIGRANT LABOUR SETTLEMENT ISSUES IN MALAYSIA". International Journal of Law, Government and Communication 7, n.º 27 (9 de março de 2022): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijlgc.727006.
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Migrant labours have contributed in boosting Malaysia’s economy especially in the development sectors where they occupy most of the 3Ds jobs in the labour market. Most of the migrant labours are either placed in cramped dormitories shared between four to five peoples in a room by their employer or stayed in their own makeshift- ghettos. Most often, their living condition is poor and unhygienic which post high risks of contagious disease to circulate within. As their number increase, so does numbers of their settlement within the locals’ neighbourhood and it has prompted the NIMBY (Not in My Backyard) phenomenon among the community. Although the authorities did come out with measures by segregating the migrant labours from the locals’ neighbourhood, the NIMBY phenomenon still remain, in which the locals are against the development of the said settlements near to their neighbourhood. In accessing the concerns that perceived by the locals, literature review is conducted to examine the locals’ acceptance towards the migrant labour’s presence near their neighbourhood is reviewed. Notably, the NIMBY phenomenon may occur due to various reasoning that associate with the locals’ main concerns. Furthermore, the NIMBY phenomenon occurrence towards the development of migrant labour settlement is also reviewed. This paper explores the issues of migrant labour settlement in Malaysia and addressed the problems from multiple perspectives. The findings will contribute insights to the authorities about the issues and discovering the appropriate measures in addressing the problems regarding the migrant labour settlement
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Nazarchuk, Oksana, Oksana Povstyn, Marianna Oliskevych, Nataliia Volchenko e Yurii Yeretin. "Impact of globalisation on regional labour markets and living standards: A socio-economic analysis". Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology 8, n.º 6 (23 de outubro de 2024): 2441–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.55214/25768484.v8i6.2494.
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Intensive globalisation leads to a series of consequential changes in socio-economic development processes. Issues such as negative demographic trends, uncontrolled migration, a shortage of qualified personnel, and the need to improve the quality of life have become particularly significant. This study aims to provide an extensive analysis of the socio-economic consequences of globalisation in the context of labour market dynamics and the population’s standard of living. The article examines the essence of the phenomenon of globalisation in modern conditions. The main interpretations of the definition of globalisation and its advantages and disadvantages in the context of its impact on socio-economic dynamics in different regions are presented. The consequences of globalisation are substantiated in aspects such as increased labour migration, the decline in the living standards of specific population categories, and the transformation of the labour market. The specifics of such consequences for countries with high and low levels of socio-economic development are highlighted. Statistical data on unemployment, labour migration, and quality of life indicators over recent years are provided. The main directions of a concept to mitigate the negative consequences of globalisation for the labour market and societal well-being are identified. It is established that the level of socio-economic development of an individual country largely depends on the state of the global economy and the crises within it. Optimising labour potential should be a priority in the context of active European integration and Ukraines economic and political instability. The unresolved issues concerning the relationship between globalisation and the status of wage earners in national and international labour markets and the effectiveness of state regulation under the increasing influence of globalisation are identified. It is proven that the intensification of the role of globalisation in societal development requires a comprehensive study of the specifics of the functioning of the system of international socio-economic relations in interaction with national development strategies.
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Ananad, Sandip. "IMPLICATIONS OF POPULATION GROWTH AND MIGRATION ON URBANIZATION". International Journal of Social Sciences & Economic Environment 6, n.º 2 (30 de dezembro de 2021): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.53882/ijssee.2021.0602003.
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Objectives: The study aims to find out the relationship and impact of the percentage of people living in urban areas on the Standard of Living and Labour Force Participation Rate. Design Methodology: The Standard of Living component is measured using the GNI Per Capita (2011 US$PPP). Using data from the World Bank Database, correlation and regression analysis is done among Urban Population % as well as on GNI Per Capita and Labour Force Participation Rate separately. Findings: The percentage of Urban Population is very strongly related and has a significant impact on both GNI Per Capita and Labour Force Participation Rate. It can be used to explain the trends in both the variables. Research Implications: The study confirms previous research that rise in urban population leads to increase in the standard of living. However, GNI Per Capita, even if it is used by the United Nations for its Human Development Index’s standard of living indicator, hides the true story of inequalities existing in the country. A country might show a high per-capita income and still have about one-fourth of its population living in abject poverty. Scope for future work / Research limitations: Further studies can be done on how to increase employment opportunities in the rural areas, as well as how to reduce urbanization because of the current problems in urban areas. It should be looked into how the standard of living in rural areas can be improved. By standard of living, income should not be the only thing taken into account, but rather, their overall quality of life. Originality/value: Increase in urban population over the years has its benefits in the form of increased income and standard of living but it also comes with the downsides of population explosion, crime rates, and a host of environmental problems. Even so, we need to find out if urban population drives the people’s standard of living as well as how much of the working-age population goes into the labour force. Keywords: open ended tax saving mutual fund, mediator, ANOVA, partial mediation Paper type: Research paper
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CLARKE, HARRY. "International Labour Migrations and the Pseudoconvergence of National Living Standards". Economic Record 73, n.º 221 (junho de 1997): 120–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4932.1997.tb00985.x.
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Elefante, Phoebe Harris, e Mark Deuze. "Media work, career management, and professional identity: Living labour precarity". Northern Lights: Film and Media Studies Yearbook 10, n.º 1 (15 de maio de 2012): 9–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/nl.10.1.9_1.
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Chironi, Daniela, e Federico Tomasello. "Living Labour and Social Movements: A Dialogue with Antonio Negri". Anthropological Theory 17, n.º 4 (dezembro de 2017): 518–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1463499617736200.
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In this interview, Antonio Negri first focuses on the possibility of defining the concept of ‘social movement’. By mobilizing a spectrum of references that goes from Carl Schmitt to the Weberian sociology of religion, he insists on the necessity, not to sociologically crystallize the concept, but, instead, to think about it in a historical manner. Social movements would then be attempts at activating ‘liberation processes’, which nowadays can only be thought of within the conditions of financial capitalism. Negri then proceeds to examine the relation between the concept of social movement and those of class and class struggle: he suggests a dynamic and relational interpretation of the Marxian concept of ‘living labour’ as a bridge between a class analysis of society and the study of social movements, movements which in the contemporary landscape are ready to take an ‘entrepreneurial’ connotation. The political and intellectual experience of Italian Workerism in the 1960s is then recalled as a fertile example of the application of this method of social analysis, but also as an exemplification of the principle of ‘unrepeatability’ of social movements. The author finally claims to be a ‘theorist of immaterial labour’ in order to then develop a radical critique of the idea of so-called ‘post-materialist’ movements and of the effects that such a notion has had on the sociology of social movements.
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Dankbaar, Ben, e Friso Hertog. "Labour process analysis and socio-technical design: living apart together?" New Technology, Work and Employment 5, n.º 2 (setembro de 1990): 122–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-005x.1990.tb00124.x.
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Kang, Su-Dol. "Labour relations in Korea between crisis management and living solidarity". Inter-Asia Cultural Studies 1, n.º 3 (janeiro de 2000): 393–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14649370020009906.
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Limb, M. "Labour promises bold action on five "giants of modern living"". BMJ 349, jul07 2 (7 de julho de 2014): g4462. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g4462.
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Oliva, Juan. "Labour participation of people living with HIV/AIDS in Spain". Health Economics 19, n.º 4 (abril de 2010): 491–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hec.1487.
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