Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Littoraux – Méditerranée (mer)"
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Dalongeville, Rémi. "Formes de corrosion et de construction organogène des littoraux actuels calcaires de Méditerranée. Termes de comparaison pris en mer rouge". Brest, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BRES1001.
Texto completo da fonteThis work draws up a detailed catalogue of coastal forms in limestone roks linked mainly with corrosion and organogenic constructions. Every forms is slowly described and carefully defined. But description is not enough and this study shows how considerable is the part of the organisms, not only in all the destruction processes but in construction ones to. We take into account the part of microphytes algae (mainly cyanophyta) and of grazing animals : all of these processes constitute the biocorrosion which explains largely numerous forms. Algae and animals often build forms and play a great part in the coastal morphology. These actions of erosion or construction are not separated and reliewe one another. The evolution of the coastal forms and the coast itself is polychronio and polygenic. The importance of the corrosion and of the construction depends directly on supply of water, quantitatively and qualitatively. The supralittoral zone knows an often punctual corrosion (giving rock pools) but organogenic construction doesn't appear of very few. In the mediolittoral zone a very active corrosion spreads out, liable for typical forms as a notch or a platform (trottoir) but also for considerable constructions : the cornice of lithophyllum tortuosum and the console of vermetids are the most frequent forms. It is in this mediolittoral zone that the sequences of corrosional forms and construction forms are clearest : organogenic constructions are generally set up on a corrosional coastal profile. In the infralittoral zone, a kind of equilibrium does exist between erosional and construction processes
Jean, Natacha. "Etude du DMSP et du DMS dans deux écosystèmes littoraux marins de niveaux trophiques différents (Méditerranée Occidentale, France) : relations avec les facteurs abiotiques et biotiques". Toulon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOUL0016.
Texto completo da fonteBertoletti-Lubin, Marie-Eugénie. "Limites et frontières en mer Méditerranée". Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010324.
Texto completo da fonteMangiarotti, Sylvain. "Les variations basse fréquence du niveau de la Mer Méditerranée au cours de la deuxième moitié du XXe siècle par altimétrie spatiale et marégraphie". Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30063.
Texto completo da fonteLafon, Christine. "Étude des conditions de déferlement en zone côtière méditerranéenne". Toulon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUL0013.
Texto completo da fonteThe ocean surface is a permanent location of exchanges between ocean and atmosphere, mostly in breaking area. This requires studies of sea state, defined by the wave field properties and the surface resulting of its breaking. The aim of this study was to understand the pro cesses occurring at the interface in coastal zone, to better understand the parameters that control them, and ta introduce a whitecap model in a wave numerical model. This work is essentially based on results obtained during two experimental campaigns that took place in NIediterranean coastal areas (FETCH and EMMA). The waves analysis conduct to determine a specific relation between non dimensional parameters (significant height and peak frequency) following the classical formalism JONSWAP. Study of wind stress at the interface presents an influence of wind speed and f wave age. Results on waves and wind stress show a reasonable agrement with models found n literature. We show that the whitecap coverage depends on classical meteorological parameters (such as wind speed and friction velocity) but also on oceanic parameters (such M wave ge and dimensionless energy). Friction velocity weil represents variations of breaking in coMtal zone when it is measured and not obtained from wind speed. The whole sea state events are better scale with wave age. Finally, a numerical wave model has been adapt to our experimental site (from precedents results) to represent whitecap coverage in the Toulon-Hyères area. From a spatially and temporally homogeneous wind input, a few experimental events has been modeled
Cheminée, Adrien. "Ecological functions, transformations and management of infralittoral rocky habitats from the North-western Mediterranean : the case of fish (Teleostei) nursery habitats". Nice, 2012. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01223518.
Texto completo da fonteCette thèse avait pour objet les habitats de l’Infralittoral rocheux Méditerranéen qui ont un rôle de nourricerie pour les juvéniles de poissons (Téléostéens). Cette étude visait à mieux comprendre leurs caractéristiques et les conséquences de leurs transformations, notamment d’origine anthropique, dans le but de rassembler des données utiles à la gestion des zones côtières. Au sein de la mosaïque paysagère sous-marine, parmi les faciès de la biocénose des macrophytes photophiles de la roche infralittorale, les forêts de Cystoseires forment un habitat à macrophytes arborescentes qui est menacé. Cette thèse a démontré que ces forêts abritaient des densités plus élevées de juvéniles de poissons (notamment Labridae et Serranidae) que celles observées au sein de faciès alternatifs, en particulier les brousses à Dictyotales et Sphacelariales et les faciès de surpâturage. La haute valeur relative de nourricerie, que ce soit des forêts de Cystoseires (pour trois espèces du genre Symphodus), ou des petits fonds à blocs et galets (pour les espèces du genre Diplodus), a été observée de manière récurrente dans les différents sites littoraux étudiés aussi bien à l’échelle locale (1 km) que régionale (20 à 100 km). Cependant, pour un habitat donné, les densités de juvéniles ont montré une forte variabilité spatiale entre sites. La variabilité spatiale des densités de juvéniles, aussi bien entres sites des forêts à Cystoseires que d’un habitat à l’autre, était notamment associée aux différences de structure tridimensionnelle de l’habitat (hétérogénéité et complexité). Cette structuration fournissait un refuge pour les juvéniles et a en particulier influencé l’efficacité de leurs prédateurs. Ces travaux, sur la base de manipulations expérimentales et d’observations in situ, ont démontré que les transformations des habitats, telles que la fragmentation des forêts ou la diminution de la densité de leur couverture, réduisaient drastiquement leurs valeurs de nourricerie pour les poissons côtiers. Ces résultats suggèrent que la productivité en poissons virtuellement perdue, dans les zones où les forêts ont déjà totalement disparu, est considérable. Par ailleurs, ces habitats essentiels se sont avérés rares et in-équitablement distribués le long des côtes : dans le cas des Diplodus spp. , moins de 10% des côtes rocheuses étudiées présentaient des habitats nourriceries. Enfin, ce travail a mis en évidence que la planification actuelle des mesures de gestion des zones côtières méditerranéennes ne prenait généralement pas en compte la distribution spatiale des habitats nourriceries, ni leur connectivité avec les autres habitats essentiels à chaque étape clef du cycle de vie des poissons. Un schéma conceptuel, visant à adopter une telle « approche paysage » de la gestion, est proposé : il vise à promouvoir une focalisation optimale des efforts de conservation et à garantir ainsi le renouvellement des peuplements de poissons côtiers
Westerberg, Vanja. "Evaluation économique des changements des paysages littoraux : le cas du développement des parcs éoliennes dans la Mer Méditerranée". Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NSAM0033/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe French government has committed itself to an ambitious target of boosting the offshore wind power capacity to reach 6 GW by 2020. Wind turbines onshore as well as offshore are highly contested on visual grounds. Affected stakeholders, ranging from business and property owners, fishermen and elected municipal planners, fear significant negative economic impacts on their ‘business' or their ‘property'. In the French Mediterranean region of the Languedoc Roussillon, the expectation is that the tourist industry will be chagrined in the presence of an offshore wind farm – giving a windy and cemented image of the region. Since talks began about 10 years ago, on the potential for ‘harvesting' the winds of the Mediterranean Sea, many postulates have been made with regard to the impact on coastal tourism. In particular, resistance mounted when plans to include the Languedoc Roussillon in the 2011 tender for the construction of 2 GW wind power capacity were materialising. In this light, it was considered of pertinence to investigate how offshore wind farms, installed at realistic distances from the coast (5, 8 or 12 km), would affect coastal tourism. Additionally, it was considered of interest to help define strategies that coastal community resort may adopt to boost visiting numbers or profit margins with or without wind farms. To answer these questions a full-scale choice experiment valuation survey with over 350 tourists was undertaken in the summer of 2010 on Languedoc beaches.Our survey results show (in chapter 3) that average visual disamenity costs tends to zero, when an offshore wind farm is installed somewhere between 8 and 12 km from the shore. We also find that there is considerable demand for “sustainable” coastal community resorts that favours local produce, bicycling, public transport, energy and water saving devices. Thus, our estimates show that a wind farm installed 8 km from the shore could be ‘compensated for' through the simultaneous ‘greening' of the coastal community resort. If in addition a wind farm is associated with artificial reefs and recreational user access, our results point to an actual rise in tourist related revenues when the wind farm is located min. 5 km from the coast. The policy recommendation is thus two fold: Everything else equals, a wind farm located 12 km offshore will have no negative incidence on tourism. With simultaneous application of a coherent environmental policy and wind farm associated recreational activities, wind farm siting can be conceived from 5 km and outwards.In a latter stage (chapter 5) we explicit account for the well-established fact that humans' over-estimate losses compared with equal-sized gains, in our econometric estimations. By incorporating so-called gain-loss asymmetry in the utility function, we observe that the WTP to remove wind farms had they already been installed is half the compensation required to accept their presence during a vacation. The disamenity costs associated with wind farm installation are thus of a significantly smaller magnitude had the wind farms already been installed. On the other hand, the welfare benefits associated with eco-efficiency and wind farm associated recreational activities are larger had they already been invigorated. The verdict is that asymmetry should be accounted for, or at least recognised in stated preference valuation studies that simultaneously use utility increasing and utility decreasing attributes
Musard, Olivier. "Les pratiques subaquatiques au sein des aires marines protégées de Méditerranée française : entre paysages sous-marins, représentations et impacts : Contribution au développement d'une géographie relative aux territoires sous-marins". Aix-Marseille 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX10093.
Texto completo da fonteAlbouy, Camille. "Modélisation de scénarios pour la biodiversité ichtyologique en mer Méditerranée : influence du changement global et conséquences trophiques, application aux réserves marines et aux écosystèmes exploités". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20137/document.
Texto completo da fonteOne of the main goals in ecology is to understand the effects of climate change on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. In marine environments the overexploitation of resources by human activities is another forcing factor on species assemblages. This PhD thesis suggested, within a multicomponentsbiodiversity approach, to project expected changes in the structure of Mediterranean coastal fish assemblages under climate change but also under different fishing pressures. The originality of this work is to consider the dynamics of size structure, diversity of species, but also lineages (phylogenetic diversity), functional traits (functional diversity) and interactions (diversity of trophic links) in fish assemblages at different scales within the Mediterranean basin, the latter three components being largely ignored in climate change projections whereas they are essential for maintaining the viability of ecosystems and associated services beyond the simple number of species. We therefore projected future geographic ranges of Mediterranean coastal fish through theimplementation of a new climate model (NEMOMED8) and based on bioclimatic envelopes models. Projected range shifts of Mediterranean coastal fish show that for the end of the century (i) 54 species would lose their climatic niche, (ii) species richness may decline on 70.4% of the continental shelf, particularly in the Western Mediterranean basin and in the Aegean Sea, and (iii) the average maximum size of fish assemblages would increase on 74.8% of the continental shelf. The small species, not targeted by fishing activities, would be the species most threatened by climate change, while larger species are most vulnerable to fishing effort.Our projections at the whole Mediterranean scale show a decrease of 13.6% for the phylogenetic diversity (PD) of coastal fish and 12.6% for their functional diversity (FD) by the end of this century and suggest a significant erosion of some lineages like the gobidae family. While erosion of PD and FD is partly due to the loss of species richness (fewer species implies less lineage and functions) we obseved, especially in the western basin, that the fish assemblages would loss more phylogenetic and functional diversity than expected simply due to the erosion of species richness. These two components, were largely ignored in conservation of marine species assemblages and appear to be strongly impacted by global change.To understand the effects of climate change on food web structure we developed a new methodology based on the robust relationship between the size of preys and predators. We were able to highlight potential changes in food webs of fish assemblages under climate change for the Mediterranean continental shelf. We found that a significant portion of the Mediterranean continental shelf would face a reduction in the number of trophic links, vulnerability (number of predators per prey) and generality (number of preys per predator) of species on average, while connectance and trophic level within fish assemblages would increase by the end of the XXIth century.Beyond changes in species richness, the Mediterranean coastal fish assemblages may be modified, in the functions that they play in ecosystem, in the amount evolutionary history they support, as well as in their interactions structuring food webs. This PhD thesis paves the way towards the biogeography of ecosystem functioning using parsimonious and hybrid models to integrate different components of biodiversity, physical oceanography, and the level of exploitation of ressouces to infer the futur of marine systems cfunctioning facing multiple pressures that are already there
Bandeira, Benjamim. "Ecologie des communautés zooplanctoniques au sein de deux écosystèmes littoraux méditerranéens : traitement des séries temporelles". Phd thesis, Toulon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00920257.
Texto completo da fonteMeslard, Florian. "Apports sableux par les fleuves côtiers méditerranéens et aléa de submersion marine (ASPLEC)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Perpignan, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PERP0053.
Texto completo da fonteObtaining accurate estimates of sediment budgets on the land-sea continuum and understanding how these budgets affect coastal dynamics has become a crucial issue in the current context of rising sea levels and retreating coastlines. The torrential nature of mediterranean coastal rivers, linked to intense meteorological events, is characterized by brief but violent flooding episodes, during which most of the water and sediment discharge is delivered to the coastal zone in a few days. This episodic behavior of operation also has an impact on their river outlet as well, which can become obstructed by the development of sandy spits, leading to heavy flooding in coastal areas during concomitant storm and flood events. The aim of this thesis is to improve our understanding of intermittent river mouths processes, and to assess their interaction with the sediment transport in a land-sea continuum. A multi-scales (land-sea) spatio-temporal approach combining morphological, hydro-meteorological and sediment transport monitoring data was applied to the Têt River, an example of a mediterranean coastal river. The results provided with 1) a better understanding of the mechanisms at this intermittent river mouth system governed by auto-allocyclic and anthropogenic processes, 2) an improved estimates of suspended solids fluxes, provided by the first estimates of suspended and near-bottom sand fluxes, as well as understanding the role of morphology on their transfer to the coastal zone, and 3) an improved understanding of concomitant storm and flood events on the dynamics of the morphological response and the associated sediment transport
Crisci, Carolina. "Effets du changement climatique sur les écosystèmes littoraux de la mer Méditerranée nord-occidentale : étude de la relation entre les conditions de température et la réponse biologique pendant les événements de mortalité massive". Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX22092.
Texto completo da fonteLimoges, Alix. "Modélisation haute résolution de la dynamique des aérosols en zone littorale méditerrannéenne". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TOUL0011.
Texto completo da fonteMarine aerosols, generated by wind-wave interaction processes, represent a major component of natural aerosols and play an important role in radiative balance of the planet. Therefore, a better understanding of the properties and atmospheric dynamics of these particles is crucial in the context of climate change, as well as for their interactions with atmospheric pollutants and the transport of large quantities of organic matter, which impact air quality, particularly in coastal regions. This thesis focuses on the development of a high-resolution modeling of aerosol atmospheric dynamics in coastal zones to better understand the intrusion and local atmospheric variations of marine aerosol concentrations in these spatially constrained areas. To achieve this, a LES version of the Meso-NH model, incorporating a specific source function for marine aerosols developed at the MIO laboratory, was implemented in the Toulon coastal region. The numerical simulations were compared with experimental data acquired aboard the research vessel Atalante during the MIRAMER campaign. The ability of the model to predict aerosol concentration variations based on different local wind directions was assessed. The results provided a better understanding of the impact of coastal geographical configuration on aerosol dynamics, highlighting both the benefits and limitations of the high-resolution modeling used. These limitations concern, in particular, the ability of the model to accurately render localized turbulent structures, which require better representation for precise aerosol modeling, especially in the land-sea transition zone. This work further improved the source function of aerosols generated by wave breaking for short fetches through a specific analysis of wave slope. It also enabled the evaluation of the impact of these marine aerosols on an extreme precipitation event in the Mediterranean
Dritsas, Sophoclis E. "Organisation et gestion du littoral - évaluation des ressources humaines : réfugiés environnementaux et aménagement du territoire en Europe et en Méditerranée : Etudes de cas : La Gironde (L’estuaire) en France et Thessalonique (Les deltas d’Axios-Loudias-Aliakmonas) en Grèce". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0078/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe present thesis seeks to define a conceptual framework in order to examine the populationmovements related to environmental risks. For about twenty years, several terms haveemerged to describe thedisplaced people such as: environmental refugees, eco-refugees,climate refugees or eco-migrants. The terms and the status attributed to these populations arelargely dependent on the nature, strength and speed of the environmental event contributing totheir displacement. It is therefore necessary to specify the criteria in order to avoid anyconfusion and to be able to assess the physical flows generated by the environmentaldisasters. Our analysis is focused on the risks of submersion and inundation along the coastand in the delta areas associated with rise in the sea levels. In view of these increasing risks, it is absolutely necessary to set up a "proactive strategy", based on the triptych protection -prevention - anticipation. For each type of risk considered, this strategy requires, beyond thedelimitation of the geographical areas concerned, quantification and qualification of thepotentially affected populations. Consequently, the main aspect of our problematic combinestwo types of vulnerability:the firstdue to environmental disasters’ risks such as floods and thesecondto increasing population pressure. Finally, we chose to examine in our study two areashighly subjected to flood risks such as the Gironde estuaryin France and the Axios -Loudias-Aliakmonas Deltas in Central Macedoniain Greece trying to estimate the potential size ofpopulation movements in 2025 and 2050
Merhaby, Dima. "Caractérisation de la pollution organique et inorganique dans les sédiments portuaires du Liban". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10144.
Texto completo da fonteLebanon coastal zone (LCZ) which extends over 220 km along the Eastern Mediterranean Sea is a typical case of most coastal areas of the developing countries in the Mediterranean region, where the combination of a wide range of anthropogenic activities are contributing to water pollution and environmental degradation, by the direct and indirect release of a large number of pollutants into the sea via atmospheric and river inputs. Amongst the numerous environmental concerns we are facing, the marine environment is one of the top priorities that must be addressed. Due to its ecological importance, the evaluation of coastal sediment quality constitutes an important area of research to give a clear picture of water pollution status. Much attention was paid of some priority pollutants such as persistent organic pollutant (POPs) and heavy metals as known to be toxic, persistent and bio-accumulative, carcinogenic and mutagenic. There is an urgent need to survey the levels of these pollutants in sediments due to the great lack of information in the eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea in general and particularly in Lebanese coastal zone which render our study very important and useful regionally and locally by local authority and policy makers during coastal zone management. The semi-enclosed basins such as ports and bays are very vulnerable ecosystem where build-up greatly amount of these pollutants in sediments. This why we focus on our studies of the assessment of ports sediment quality of some possible hotspots where the re-suspension and oxidation of anoxic sediment occur frequently. A special attention was taken to Tripoli harbour which is the second Port of Lebanon due to its location near some reserved island. The pollution levels of LCZ by these pollutants are assigned as moderate to high. An emergency proposal plan was prepared for Tripoli Harbour, this will assists harbour authority to response for all fire and oil spill accidents as a first step for a durable development inside this promising harbor
Merhaby, Dima. "Caractérisation de la pollution organique et inorganique dans les sédiments portuaires du Liban". Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10144/document.
Texto completo da fonteLebanon coastal zone (LCZ) which extends over 220 km along the Eastern Mediterranean Sea is a typical case of most coastal areas of the developing countries in the Mediterranean region, where the combination of a wide range of anthropogenic activities are contributing to water pollution and environmental degradation, by the direct and indirect release of a large number of pollutants into the sea via atmospheric and river inputs. Amongst the numerous environmental concerns we are facing, the marine environment is one of the top priorities that must be addressed. Due to its ecological importance, the evaluation of coastal sediment quality constitutes an important area of research to give a clear picture of water pollution status. Much attention was paid of some priority pollutants such as persistent organic pollutant (POPs) and heavy metals as known to be toxic, persistent and bio-accumulative, carcinogenic and mutagenic. There is an urgent need to survey the levels of these pollutants in sediments due to the great lack of information in the eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea in general and particularly in Lebanese coastal zone which render our study very important and useful regionally and locally by local authority and policy makers during coastal zone management. The semi-enclosed basins such as ports and bays are very vulnerable ecosystem where build-up greatly amount of these pollutants in sediments. This why we focus on our studies of the assessment of ports sediment quality of some possible hotspots where the re-suspension and oxidation of anoxic sediment occur frequently. A special attention was taken to Tripoli harbour which is the second Port of Lebanon due to its location near some reserved island. The pollution levels of LCZ by these pollutants are assigned as moderate to high. An emergency proposal plan was prepared for Tripoli Harbour, this will assists harbour authority to response for all fire and oil spill accidents as a first step for a durable development inside this promising harbor
Loques, Françoise. "Biologie de la phanérogame marine Zostera Noltii Hornemann sur le littoral méditerranéen français". Nice, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NICE4441.
Texto completo da fonteDenamiel, Cléa. "Modélisation hydrodynamique 3D en zone pré-littorale : Caractérisation des effets des houles de tempête sur la circulation océanique". Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20175.
Texto completo da fonteClassical coastal circulation models can not reproduce the strong measured three-dimensional currents during storm events, especially at the midshelf scale ( -2 m to -90 m depth) for microtidal seas. The aim of this study is to implement a 3D numerical model (RESYFE) which takes into account the swell effects on the circulation. This model couples REF/DIF and Symphonie models following the physics described by Mellor (2003). RESYFE model is first tested on academic cases in order to validate the numerical implementation. Secondly, in order to compare the model results with measurements, simulations are carried out on realistic cases : the storms of november 1999 in the Banyuls Bay, and of february 2004 off the Têt river. Thirdly, application of the model in the Gulf of Aigues-Mortes shows the effects of storms on sedimentary transport modeled according to Soulsby (1997). Finally, an application of the RESYFE model on an ancient (Jurassic) basin shows that this model can confirm the sedimentologic interpretations
Rochette, Julien. "LE TRAITEMENT JURIDIQUE D'UNE SINGULARITÉ TERRITORIALE : LA ZONE CÔTIÈRE. ÉTUDE EN DROIT INTERNATIONAL ET DROIT COMPARÉ FRANCO ITALIEN". Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00172410.
Texto completo da fonteBejannin, Simon. "Décharge d'eau souterraine en mer et circulation d'eau de mer dans les sédiments : flux d'eau et d'éléments chimiques le long du littoral méditerranéen français". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30324.
Texto completo da fonteThe hydrogeological and biogeochemical importance of submarine groundwater inputs has recently been highlighted. Numerous studies around the world have shown that these contributions can challenge fluvial inputs. However, very few studies have been conducted along the French Mediterranean coastline despite the presence of several springs discharging directly into the sea. Submarine groundwater discharge locations were first detected using thermal infrared images. Water and nutrient flux were then estimated using radium isotopes (223Ra, 224Ra and 228Ra). Nutrient inputs are similar (and even greater, up to 20 times higher) to the local river inputs, except the Rhône River. We show that the nutrient fluxes driven by either submarine groundwater discharge (direct inputs of groundwater) or the circulation of seawater through the sediments are significant. These fluxes exist all along the French Mediterranean coastline. This is in contrast with the river inputs which are local inputs. These fluxes need to be considered in the chemical oceanic budgets (coastal seas and likely also in the sea/ocean budgets). These nutrient fluxes may have an impact on the quality of the coastal waters and on the coastal ecosystems
Mansui, Jérémy. "Observation et modélisation des macro-déchets en mer Méditerranée, de la large échelle aux échelles côtière et littorale". Thesis, Toulon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUL0015/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe main objective of this work is to study the floating marine debris transport mechanisms and their potentialaccumulation in the Mediterranean Sea, using numerical modelling and in-situ observations of debris. Thetransport dynamics is analysed in terms of typical scales in the basin, from the large scale to the coastal andlocal scales.First, the analysis of a Lagrangian experience data set show the potential existence of non-permanent and largeretention areas (Mansui et al., 2015a). In a second stage, the coastal impact of a boundary current (the NorthernCurrent) and atmospheric forcings on the local distribution and stranding of floating marine litter has beenestimated (Mansui et al., 2015b, under revision), using an original set of data combining offshore sightings andbeaching surveys
Gandar, Aude. "Échantillonnage et détection des filtres solaires, nouveaux polluants des eaux du littoral méditerranéen". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Perpignan, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PERP0008.
Texto completo da fonteUV filters are part of the emerging contaminants causing a risk to aquatic environments. Quantification of those molecules usually uses chromatographic technics. A method based on spectroelectrochemistry was developed, it is based on the combined use of an electrochemical experiment, chronoamperometry, and UV spectrophotometry. Some UV filters’ spectrum are modified following oxidation. The developed method enable the recording of UV spectra before and after potential application, set at +1,8 V vs Ag during 30 min. Deconvolution using both spectra is then performed to simultaneously identify and quantify four UV filters. This method was developed for the analysis of avobenzone, octinoxate, octocrylene and oxybenzone. In addition to the analytical method, a passive sampling experiment was performed in Mediterranean waters. Among the studied UV filters, bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyl triazine, ethylhexyl triazone, octocrylene and diethylamino hydroxybenzoyl hexyl benzoate were measured at concentration in the µg/L range. A risk assessment on Mediterranean and tropical species showed a medium to high risk for many species
Bendaanoun, M'hamed. "Contribution à l'étude écologique de la végétation halophile, halohygrophyle et hygrophyle des estuaires, lagunes, deltas et sebkhas du littoral atlantique et méditérranéen et du domaine continental du Maroc : analyses climatiques",. Aix-Marseille 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX3A003.
Texto completo da fonteFoury, Nazim Fouad. "L'effectivité des instruments de protection et d'aménagement du littoral méditerranéen : cas de l'Algérie". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0220.
Texto completo da fonteThe Algerian coastline is characterized by rich natural resources which offer important economic potential. Nonetheless, this part of the country finds itself victim of its own success and have to face a multitude of problems, especially the over-exploitation of its resources which have been amplified by a massive urbanization that is accelerated more and more, but also by pollution and a deterioration of the coastal areas. Moreover, and to best answer the numerous incoherencies that result from these multiple problems that hit the Algerian coastline, the state has to take necessary measures to find a right balance between the use of this space and its preservation. The thorough analysis of the institutional and legal framework put in place by the Algerian public authorities, proves the existence of a real inadequacy in terms of coastal governance, as well as incomplete judicial texts with regards to coastal preservation and development. The primary challenge of the government is to redress these shortcomings, by putting in place an integrated and global management policy of the coast that will allow a balanced and sustained development of this space
Manla, al Dakhil Badreddin. "Etude morphostructurale et évaluation des risques naturels le long du littoral et de la marge continentale de Syrie". Perpignan, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PERP0927.
Texto completo da fonteThe Syrian margin located in a particular geodynamic context is subject to tectonic regimes since the late Tertiary, resulted in modelling the littoral and coastal fringe from Banyas to beyond Lattaquié. This so-called passive margin is subject to a complex tectonic regime related to the proximity of major tectonic structures. It is an extension terrestrial of arc submarine Cyprus and the Levant continental faults and East-Anatolian active borders. This situation supports the risk of disturbances of the geological substratum and its recent sedimentary cover including a more or less marked seismicity the original disturbance geomorphic shore and instabilities in the marine part of the Syrian coast. The geomorphological and neotectonic studies undertaken along the Syrian margin and part of the continental shelf aims to evaluate the natural hazards that can affect the coastal strip, including the seismic risk, recent and present deformations and the possible impacts of tsunami. The observations (morphology, microtectonic, hydrology, slopes, landslides etc…) on the recent formations (Quaternary and Present) showed the essential role of the Mesozoïc series and of the Tertiary and Quaternary sets on the morphostructural evolution of this area. On the basis of field observations, study data from SPOT imagery, topographic, bathymetric data and seismic records, several documents have been produced allowing to assess natural hazards and areas likely to be affected. The strictly neotectonic observations showed that the recent deformations are relatively rare and if they exist, they are limited to the great fault zones. On the other hand, the area is subjected to significant uplift generating pronounced geomorphological forms. The analysis of historical seismicity shows a great disparity between the area of Banyas which has virtually no activity and that of Lattaquié which is a relatively unstable zone in direct contact with the major fault zones which represent active plate boundaries. The narrow coastal area of the Banyas region, where is concentrated economic activity, is potentially subject to significant risk, in a context where many submarine earthquakes, can generate tsunamis with significant consequences. This risk also exists around Lattaquié which is under the direct threat of a catastrophic earthquake associated with the passage of a major tectonic zone and may be reactivated
Mieulet, Elise. "La prolifération de moustiques vecteurs sur le littoral méditerranéen et dans les départements français d’Amérique : enjeux environnementaux et sanitaires". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3095.
Texto completo da fonteIn France,the human-mosquito relationship and the mosquito control policies show differentiated stories and features from one territory to another.Thus,if in FDA mosquitoes never ceased being epidemic factors,however,on the Mediterranean coast until recently they no longer represented a Health risk.Indeed,in the FDA,since their implementation,mosquito control campaigns have always been conducted for a sanitary purpose through vector control campaigns.Meanwhile,in metropolitan France,aiming to reduce the nuisance,these policies were initially implemented to ensure the inhabitants comfort.But,starting from 2004,following the durable installation of the Asian tiger mosquito on the French Mediterranean coastline and the progressive widening of its distribution area,the context evolves and,from now on,the metropolitan France is potentially exposed to health risks hitherto circumscribed to tropical areas.Mobilising the theoretical frameworks of environmental,health and risks sociologies,and based on a corpus gathering qualitative (311 interviews and direct observations) and quantitative data (1415 questionnaires),this PhD analyses the recombining of the relationship between environmental and health challenges in light of the vector mosquitoes proliferation.It initially focuses on the place and status of the insect within the different populations.Then, the socio-economic factors influencing the individual vulnerability of exposure to the insect are studied.The third part is devoted to the expectations and requests of the inhabitants regarding the public management of the mosquitoes’ proliferation.Finally, a diachronic analysis centered on the Alps-Maritimes region is developed
Brunel, Cédric. "Évolution séculaire de l'avant côte de la méditerranée Française, impact de l'élévation du niveau de la mer et des tempêtes". Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00511971.
Texto completo da fontePantelodimou, Eirini. "La lutte contre la pollution marine en France". Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010317.
Texto completo da fonteThe sea plays a vital role in regulating climate and in maintaining ecological balance. The oceans and the sea constitute a source of wealth, an immense reservoir of food resources and of employment for many people. The Mediterranean Sea is a sensitive ecosystem, subject to strong pressures derived from human activities, such as fishing, oil and gas exploration, dumping of waste and other matter in the sea, maritime transport, transfer of aquatic invasive species via ballast water and littoral tourism. France, severely affected by the sinking of the Amoco Cadiz, the Erika and the Prestige, took numerous initiatives not only at an international but also at a regional level. The complexity of the marine pollution problem, due to the diversity of polluting factors and to their diffuse sources, has favored a regional approach. This approach has resulted in the adoption, at a national, regional and international level, of a network of policies, legislative texts, programs and action plans in the field of marine environment protection. It constitutes a stifling body of rules, comprising preventive and repressive measures. The institutional and legal complexity of marine protection hinders, however, the effective protection of the marine environment. ln this context, the international community encourages the implementation of an ecosystem approach to oceans. At European level, the adoption of the Framework Directive «Strategy for the Marine Environment» favours a consistency between different EU policies as well as an integration of environmental considerations into ail policies related to the sea. Furthermore, the effectiveness of European legislation in the field of the fight again marine pollution, has been reinforced by the adoption of a common framework of liability with regard to the prevention and remedy of environment damage
Badreddine, Ali. "Écosystèmes côtiers du littoral libanais : état écologique, conservation, évolution". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4031/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe aim of this study was to provide further knowledge of the effects of anthropogenic disturbance on the conservation status of important shallow habitats (vermetid reefs, Cystoseira forests) in a relatively poorly known region of the Mediterranean Sea: the Lebanese coast. Multiple approaches were applied for the first time along the Levantine Sea, such as the CARLIT (CARtography of rocky-shore LITtoral communities) index, a tool conceived to quantify the Ecological Status (ES) in the framework of the Water Directive (WFD 2000/60/EU). A general description of the Lebanese coastline, summarizing the major environmental features and anthropogenic activities influencing benthic communities, highlighted that Lebanon has been (and is at present) subject to multiple stressors. The application of the CARLIT, based on macroalgal, gives important insights on the ES of Lebanese ecosystems in relation to human impacts and provides a detailed cartography on the distribution and abundance of shallow communities, and in particular Cystoseira and Sargassum forests. The survey of some Lebanese vermetid reefs allowed the evaluation of their current status according to different human pressures and highlighted that they are highly affected by human pressures and only few of them are still alive. In a view of the upcoming oil and gas discovery offshore Lebanon, Lebanese marine ecosystems are under multiple and massive threats; the data provided in the research performed provide a baseline of the distribution and conservation status of key habitats along Lebanese coasts, in order to follow their evolution and to have a management tool in case of catastrophic oil spills
Michaud, Héloïse. "Impacts des vagues sur les courants marins : Modélisation multi-échelle de la plage au plateau continental". Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00680405.
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