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Azadibougar, Omid. "Translation historiography in the Modern World". Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 22, n.º 2 (31 de dezembro de 2010): 298–329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.22.2.06aza.
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Nearly all scholarly works about the encounter of Iran with European modernity emphasize the role of translation not only in introducing new literary forms into the Persian literary system, but also in becoming the main engine of change and modernization of the culture. This paper concerns itself with this constructivist narrative of the available historiographical discourse and the translational environment between 1851 and 1921 in Iran. After describing the field of translation in the period in question, I challenge the uncritical conception of translation as a positive force by, on the one hand, investigating hypothetical cultural and linguistic implications, and on the other hand, questioning the power of translation per se, as ascribed to it in the above mentioned historiographical discourse, in socio-cultural modernization. This will prioritize the individual and cultural translational effects over the supposed institutional ones.
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Amirdabbaghian, Amin, e R. K. Shangeetha. "Translation and Paratexts: A Study of Animal Farm in Persian". Russian Journal of Linguistics 24, n.º 1 (15 de dezembro de 2020): 80–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2687-0088-2020-24-1-80-95.
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Translators’ ideology permeates all non-technical translations, and the need to study the extent to which ideology plays a vital role in the manipulation of literary texts with a political edge is undoubtedly important. As of Iran, the state ideology has been changed from secular to religious (Islamic) after the 1979 Islamic Revolution. This shift of ideology has influenced society in many facets, including language use. Therefore, individuals were encouraged to produce religious discourse to appear popular and this encouragement includes translation too (Amirdabbaghian 2019). This study aims to describe the ideological impact of the social situation (Islamic Revolution) in Iran on the translation of George Orwell’s well-known political novel, Animal Farm (1945) into the Persian language. The research will apply van Dijk’s (1998) theory of ideology and Lefevere’s (1992) theory of translation, rewriting and manipulation of literary fame, to discuss the paratextual differences in both the source and target texts. The target text which has been chosen for the current research is Hosseini and Nabi Zadeh’s (2003) version published by the Doostan publication in Tehran, Iran. Using the paratext of Animal Farm translated into Persian, this article makes an effort to prove that the translators’ ideology influenced by their life experience, social status, and occupation as well as the situation and environment in the target language country may be revealed in the set of tactics used in translating the literary work, in the use of language and in the interpretation of the source text author’s ideas expressed in the text.
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Chesterman, Andrew. "Literary Translation in Modern Iran: A Sociological Study". Iranian Studies 50, n.º 4 (17 de fevereiro de 2017): 638–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00210862.2017.1286430.
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Khademnabi, Mir Mohammad. "Episodic Literary Movement and Translation: Ideology Embodied in Prefaces". Text Matters: A Journal of Literature, Theory and Culture, n.º 11 (22 de novembro de 2021): 404–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2083-2931.11.25.
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This paper discusses translation practices from a historicist viewpoint, contextualizing them in their emerging “episode.” The latter is a concept drawn from sociology of literature and accounts for the rise of certain discourses and ideologies in a society. On the basis of the argument that translation practices are informed by the general literary and socio-cultural milieu in which they are produced and consumed (also known as ideology of representation), the paper studies the translators’ prefaces to three translations published between 1953 and 1978—a period dominated by Leftist and Marxist discourse in Iran. Drawing on a historically oriented model which holds that the translator’s ideology is revealed at the moment in which he/she chooses a text, and continues through the discourse he/she develops to translate that text, the research embarks on studying translation practices on two levels of choice mechanism and prefaces. Prefaces are discussed in the light of the dominant ideology of representation that is characterized by a revolutionary discourse. The research demonstrates that these translators opted for a strategy that incorporates the translations in the Persian cultural setting with minor changes in a way that politicizes the foreign literature.
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Saeedi, Samira. "New Perspectives on Retranslation: The Case of Iran". TranscUlturAl: A Journal of Translation and Cultural Studies 12, n.º 1 (6 de agosto de 2020): 27–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21992/tc29496.
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This paper examines the social aspects of retranslation in contemporary Iran. Foreign classics and award-winning literary books have attracted multiple translations into Persian within a short period of time. For instance, George Orwell’s novella, Animal Farm, has received more than one hundred retranslations in the last 40 years. The aim of this paper is to investigate possible reasons for such an unusually high number of retranslations. By analysing sixteen interviews with Iranian translators and publishers and performing paratextual analysis of four retranslations of George Orwell’s Animal Farm, this paper sheds light on the perceived advantages and disadvantages of retranslation. It does so by drawing on the trust-based approach to the study of translation proposed by Rizzi, Lang, and Pym, and by offering sociological insight into retranslation in contemporary Iran. Four groups of translators are identified: amateur, early career, mid-career, and senior translators. Retranslation for the former two groups is viewed as profitable trade in literary translation market. For the latter two, retranslation is the process of reinforcing trustworthiness at the institutional level that means trust in professionalism of certain Iranian translators and publishers.
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Habibifar, Elnaz. "Traduire l’Ekphrasis. Le cas des Fleurs du mal de Baudelaire en Iran". Studia Romanica Posnaniensia 48, n.º 4 (22 de dezembro de 2021): 121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/strop.2021.484.009.
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Cultural exchanges between Iran and France started over three centuries ago. In spite of the strong relationship between the two countries, some books such as Les Fleurs du mal (Flowers of Evil) went unnoticed in Iranian society. In addition to the literary value of the book, we propose to study ekphrasis in Baudelaire’s poems and its translation into Persian. Its meaning being that of a general description an artwork (imaginary or real), the term ekphrasis belongs to an interdisciplinary field of literature and art where the textual challenges we face may vary from one to another. To narrow down our study, we will focus on four chosen poems that have a minimum of two published translations in Persian, thus allowing the opportunity for a comparative study. These chosen poems, “La Beauté”, “L’Invitation au voyage”, “Les Plaintes d’un Icare” and “Femmes damnées” (“Delphine et Hippolyte”) as well as our corpus translation in Persian, are being studied and analysed through Descriptive Translation Studies. The analysis focuses on the ekphrastic aspect of these poems, their translations into Persian through syntactic and semantic levels and the influence of culture and society on the translation.
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Khalida, S. E. "Methods and techniques of interpretation of mythical and magic characters’ names in Russian folk tales in Persian". Linguistics & Polyglot Studies 8, n.º 4 (31 de dezembro de 2022): 105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2022-4-33-105-115.
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The rapidly developing cultural relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and Russia predetermine the importance of studying the realities of Russian culture in teaching Russian as a foreign language. Despite the constantly growing interest of the Iranian reader in Russian fiction, we have not found translations of Russian folk tales. A distinctive feature of fairy tales is the presence of specific monsters and mythical creatures in them. The relevance of this study is emphasized by the fact that the opinions of researchers on the issue of translating these realities are divided: some researchers note that realities are untranslatable, others argue that there are no words that would be impossible to convey in another language. This research work presents methods and techniques for an adequate and equivalent translation of the proper names of mythical creatures that are the heroes of Russian folk tales of a magical nature. The translation experiment was conducted in student classes of the RFL departments of higher educational institutions of Iran. The main methods on which the study is based are the comparative method, the method of linguistic description, and the method of experiment. The students were asked to translate typical sentences, selected by continuous sampling, in which there was a mention of the magical characters of Russian folk tales. The purpose of the experiment is to identify what methods and techniques of translation strategies were used in the process of translating realities that do not have equivalents in the Persian language. Thus, the empirical basis of this study is the interpretation of fragments of Russian folk tales of a magical nature in Persian by students learning Russian as a foreign language. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that it is the first attempt to analyze the method of equivalent or adequate conveyance of national and cultural color of the Russian fairy tales characters into Persian. Based on the experiment, we can conclude that when translating the names of mythical heroes and monsters of Russian folk tales, students resorted to two main translation strategies − foreignization and domestication. Russian students chose the method of phonetic transliteration and transcription as the main method of foreignization, as well as calques that contribute to the preservation of Russian cultural and ethnic specificity and overcoming the difficulties of conveying semantic content and the national color of the mythical heroes of Russian folk tales. The main technique of the domestication strategy used by students is the borrowing of the designation of a fairy-tale character from the culture of other peoples with whom they were previously familiar. The results of our research can find practical application in literary translation in Iran. Theoretically, the material can contribute to the development of the theory of translation of literary texts of the folklore genre, as well as arouse interest in further research among undergraduates and graduate students studying in higher educational institutions of Iran.
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Mohammadpour, Fahime, Mohammadtaghi Shahnazari-Dorcheh e Mahmoud Afrouz. "Looking through the lens of Bourdieu: A corpus-based Study of English Romance Fiction Translation". Hikma 19, n.º 2 (22 de dezembro de 2020): 327–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21071/hikma.v19i2.12871.
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Habitus is one of the key concepts of the Bourdieusian sociology which Translation Studies has benefited. Based on the Bourdieusian sociological model, this study investigated the translatorial habitus of the Iranian translators of English romance novels as far as the translation strategies of culture-specific items (CSIs) are concerned before and after the Cultural Revolution of 1980 in Iran. The research data include 4282 sentences containing CSIs extracted from Rebecca, Sense and Sensibility, and The Great Gatsby, and their two Persian translations. The extracted data were analyzed, adopting a consolidated typology of translation procedures for CSIs. The strategies employed for translating CSIs are presented with frequencies and percentages using descriptive statistics. Moreover, the results were corroborated with a qualitative analysis of some archived interviews printed in Motarjem [the translator] journal. The investigation revealed three essential findings: a marked source-oriented tendency among Iranian translators of the English romance novels when translating CSIs in the Pre-Cultural Revolution era, maintaining the same tendency in the Post-Cultural Revolution era, and finally a growing tendency in moving from Pre- to Post-Cultural Revolution era. The results of the Chi-square test highlighted a significant difference between various strategies used in two eras.
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Afzali, Katayoon. "Reframing Iran’s discourse of war in the English translation of Iranian war literature". Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 66, n.º 1 (17 de fevereiro de 2020): 70–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.00142.afz.
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Abstract Translation as interlingual and intercultural communication has always been subject to ideological manipulation. This is due to the fact that some Translation Studies scholars believe that translators are considered as responsible for the reception and survival of literary works among target language readers. The strategies the translators apply throughout the translation process are governed by those who wield power including political and social institutions like the government, the law and publishers. In view of this phenomenon, the current study explores the paratextual strategies applied by Paul Sprachman, an American translator, when he translated Da (2014) from Farsi into English. Using narrative theory, this study analyses how the English translation appears to reiterate notions of Iran and Shia identity as bellicose and anti- liberal by situating Iran’s war literature as dramatic and fictional, rather than as a testimonial to one Iranian woman’s representations of her lived experience. The findings indicate that the textual and paratextual manipulations were in line with the ideology of the receptive environment of the United States with relevance to the discourse of the war in Iran.
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Naghmeh-Abbaspour, Bita. "THE IMPACT OF DOMINANT IDEOLOGY ON FRONT COVERS OF TRANSLATION OF CHILDREN’S LITERATURE IN IRAN". Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 8, n.º 3 (26 de maio de 2020): 480–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2020.8352.
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Purpose of the study: The present research aims to explore the impact of the dominant ideological values on the front covers (as a form of paratexts) of translations of children’s literature in Iran. Moreover, the study is going to discuss the effect of such ideological manipulation on the children’s perspective about the world as well as their own identity.
Methodology: Based on the Foucauldian sense of discourse, which considers any piece of knowledge, either textual or visual, as discourse, the study employs discourse analysis (DA) as its theoretical and analytical framework. Accordingly, the collected data of this study consist of front covers, are understood as discourse, and each one is analyzed carefully with a focus on the impact of ideological manipulation on paratextual material of Persian translations of children’s literature.
Main Finding: The findings revealed the supreme role of ideological constraints in the manipulation of front covers of translations of children’s literature in Iran.
Application of the study: The current study contributes to the existing body of knowledge on the ideological manipulation of translation of children’s literature at the paratextual level in particular.
Novelty/Originality of this study: With respect to the marginal position of translation of children’s literature in the Iranian literary polysystem, little effort has been made in this area, and ideological studies of this genre in Iran, in particular. Therefore to fill this void, the current study attempts to examine the impact of ideological constraints of Iranian society on the translation of children’s literature.
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Mohammadi Dehcheshmeh, Maryam. "Pseudo-translation as a Subset of the Literary System: a Case Study". TranscUlturAl: A Journal of Translation and Cultural Studies 5, n.º 1-2 (28 de março de 2014): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.21992/t9zs7j.
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Abstract
Persian literature is replete with pseudo-translations to the extent that if one tried to compile a complete bibliography, it would turn into an unwieldy book. Most Persian pseudo-translations belong to Iranian political literature (Okhovat, 2006). As could be guessed, identifying pseudo-translations is not a simple task as their authors want readers to believe in the ‘translationness’ of these works for various reasons. One of the most famous Iranian pieces of pseudo-translations, whose original writer has recently claimed its authorship, is the famous (in Iran) Letter of Charlie Chaplin to his daughter Geraldine. The present article examines diverse aspects of this text, including its political, historical, cultural, and literary milieu of production, and provides a critical discourse analysis of this text and highlights the original author’s ideological stance as it is embedded in this purported foreign letter. The article concludes by surmising the reasons why this famous work was published as a translation, and how it is, that the original writer has claimed authorship after more than 30 years.
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Hariyani, Nety Novita. "Exploring Arabic Literature in Bahrain and Iran Region". Afshaha: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra Arab 1, n.º 2 (24 de novembro de 2022): 87–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/afshaha.v1i2.17600.
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The development of Arabic literature in Bahrain and Iran has apparent differences. This assumption aligns with the use of different languages in Bahrain and Iran regions, thus influencing the development of Arabic literature in the region. This study aims to (1) explore Arabic literature in Bahrain region, both in terms of the history of literary development and its figures, and (2) explore Arabic literature in Iranian region. The results (1) Arabic literature in Bahrain has developed in the last half-century. Bahrain has even become a pioneer in the Gulf countries in writing drama texts. Arabic literature in Bahrain region also pays attention to oral literature (folklore). Arab literary figures in Bahrain region include Ibrahim al-'Arrayyd, Qasim Haddad, and Ali Al-Sharqawi; (2) The development of Arabic literature in Iranian region is marked by the movement of translating literary texts from Arabic into Persian, for example, the translation of Jurji Zaydan's riwaya. Among the Iranian scholars who paid attention to Arabic literature were Professor Mulla Ahmad Al-Nodshi, Mulla Al-Baytoshi, Professor Burhan Al-Din Al-Hamdi, and Professor Baba Marduk Al-Ruhani.
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Sarlati, Niloofar. "Suspicious Gifts and Speculative Translations: Colonial and Semicolonial Encounters between English and Persian". Comparative Literature 75, n.º 4 (1 de dezembro de 2023): 395–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00104124-10752742.
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Abstract This essay studies an emerging discourse on forms of exchange in mid- to late nineteenth-century Iran, both in national economic practices and international concessions. As the system of economic exchange is transforming in conversation with “foreign” forms and terms of exchange, the signifiers used to arrange those forms of exchange are also reshuffled in this context. Evoking different imperial powers and different languages—rather than one particular power or one particular language—this comparative discourse on economic modernity is marked by a palpable sense of ambiguity caused by the semicolonial condition of nineteenth-century Iran, which in turn complicates notions of “translatability” and “untranslatability,” introducing what the author calls a speculative category of “would-be translations.” Speculative translations in this semicolonial context uniquely reveal how miscategorization and misnaming are part of the structure of modern codification of exchange with universal ambitions. The essay thus argues that the two main avenues of colonial encounter—namely, economic exchange and translation—are necessarily ambiguous. Always suspicious and speculative, economic exchange and translation circularly feed into each other’s ambiguities in this semicolonial context.
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Jabbari, Alexander. "From Persianate Cosmopolis to Persianate Modernity: Translating from Urdu to Persian in Twentieth-Century Iran and Afghanistan". Iranian Studies 55, n.º 3 (julho de 2022): 611–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/irn.2022.21.
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AbstractThis article examines twentieth-century Persian translations of Urdu-language works about Persian literature, focusing on two different Persian translations of an influential Urdu-language work on Persian literary history, Shiʿr al-ʿAjam (Poetry of the Persians), by Shibli Nuʿmani. The article offers a close, comparative reading of the Afghan and Iranian translations of Shiʿr al-ʿAjam in order to understand why two Persian translations of this voluminous text were published within such a short time period. These translations reveal how Indians, Afghans, and Iranians were invested in the same Persianate heritage, yet the emergence of a “Persianate modernity” undergirded by a cultural logic of nationalism rather than cosmopolitanism, along with Iran’s and Afghanistan’s differing relationships to India and Urdu, produced distinct approaches to translation.
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Daneshgar, Majid. "Translation of Persian and Malay Literary Works in Malaysia and Iran". DABIR 7, n.º 1 (30 de novembro de 2020): 232–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/29497833-00701018.
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Нахидех, Калаши. "Reception of the image of A. S. Griboyedov in Iran". Russkii iazyk za rubezhom, n.º 6(301) (20 de dezembro de 2023): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.37632/pi.2023.301.6.014.
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История литературных связей Ирана и России насчитывает несколько веков. За это время культуры обеих стран взаимно обогащались в том числе и в сфере перевода. Расширение культурных связей между Ираном и Россией относится к концу XVIII – началу XIX вв., при Каджарском периоде. В данной статье рассматривается восприятие образа Александра Сергеевича Грибоедова и судьба его литературного наследия в Иране. Изучаются факты и объемы перевода на персидский язык наиболее известного его драматического произведения – «Горе от ума» и литературы о нем. Анализируется отношение к творчеству А. С. Грибоедова в современном Иране. The history of literary relations between Iran and Russia has several centuries. During this time, the cultures of both countries were mutually enriched, including in the field of translation. The expansion of cultural ties between Iran and Russia dates back to the late 18th and early 19th centuries, during the Qajar period. This article discusses the perception of the image of Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov and the fate of his literary heritage in Iran. Facts and volumes of translation into Persian are studied of his most famous dramatic work – «Woe from Wit» and literature about him. It analyzes the attitude to the work of A. S. Griboyedov in modern Iran.
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Emam, Abbas. "Translating to hegemonize". FORUM / Revue internationale d’interprétation et de traduction / International Journal of Interpretation and Translation 20, n.º 1 (15 de junho de 2022): 24–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/forum.21021.ema.
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Abstract Among the diverse varieties of translation, one is institutional translation, i.e., a type of translation done either in or for a particular institution. In contemporary Iran after the victory of the Islamic Revolution of 1979, a large number of social, religious, political, cultural, and artistic works have been translated from Persian into a long array of other languages within such a framework. The implementation of such trans-national projects has involved hundreds of translators/ interpreters, allocation of billions of dollars, and making use of a wide network of international publishers and distributors. Numerous motives could be enumerated for such undertakings; however, the effects of such endeavors appear not to have been addressed in Translation Studies as yet. This research aims at pinpointing the mechanisms of such institutions, in particular relying on concepts such as ideology, hegemony and translational discourse-propagating network to contribute to evaluation of such a phenomenon. To this end, 11 Iranian post-revolutionary institutions with translational agendas were identified, demonstrated to have been following double objectives across the world; ideological identity-based discourse to propagate Islamic revolutionary Shia inclinations as well as to support consolidate the hegemony of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Sarvghadi, Fatemeh, e Zohreh Taebi Noghondari. "The Translator-text Interaction Based on Gadamer’s Theory of Fusion of Horizons: A Case Study of Translations of Romantic Poetry into Persian". Hikma 20, n.º 1 (22 de abril de 2021): 45–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21071/hikma.v20i1.12787.
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Love of poetry has a long history among Iranians, so is the case with translation of poetry in their recent attempts. Thus, the significant number of translations has been made from Western poems. British Romantic poetry, as one type of Western poetry, has been translated since the beginning of poetry translation in Iran. This paper aims to investigate the translations of the British Romantic poems diachronically, the translations published in the 20th century, before the Revolution of 1979, and synchronically, the Romantic poems translated in the 21st century, the post-Revolutionary period. To fulfill the purpose, Schäffner’s theory of translation competences was applied to reveal which century met them more adeptly. For the linguistic competence, besides the text analysis of all translations, the number of the parts of speech of four translations attributed to a poem was counted and compared to the number of the original poem to verify the result. The analysis of the competences, as one of the tools of translation assessment, proves the attainment of Gadamer’s theory on the fusion of horizons for translators. The examination indicates that the translation competences are more developed in the translations of the 21st century. Therefore, in this century, translators achieve the fusion of horizons more effectively, and the translation trend of British Romantic poetry has improved.
Keywords: Poetry translation, British Romantic poetry, Translation competence, Fusion of horizons, Persian literature, The Revolution of 1979.
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Younisi, Ibrahim, e Sina Rahmani. "Two Themes in Bleak House (1962)". PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 133, n.º 2 (março de 2018): 437–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2018.133.2.437.
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Surprise best seller fails to capture the triumph of azar nafisi's reading lolita in tehran (2003). This “memoir in books” recounting the cultural politics of postrevolutionary Iran—not exactly the subject matter that typically sends a book to the top of the literary charts—turned out to be “a bookseller's dream” (Burwell 143). It sold millions, was translated into thirty-two languages, and—perhaps most impressively—generated a critical lovefest that united neocon hawks like Bernard Lewis with progressive luminaries like Margaret Atwood. Far less surprising, however, was the familiar canard of “Oriental darkness” dominating the book's mainstream reception: the idea that non-Westerners have no literature of their own and know nothing about the Western canon. Many commentators refused to consider the radical possibility that Iranians may have already been acquainted with some canonical occidental texts. Nowhere to be found in this discussion was the name Ibrahim Younisi (1926-2012), whose fifty-year career in literary translation underscores that Iranians have long been avid readers and enthusiastic translators of world literature. Sadly, this ignorance is not limited to mainstream literary publications; John O. Jordan and Nirshan Perera's Global Dickens fails to mention that Charles Dickens's works have been in widespread circulation in Iran since the 1960s. Decades before Nafisi supposedly led her students to Western literary civilization, Younisi had translated not just Dickens but also Thomas Hardy, Henry Fielding, Shakespeare, and George Eliot. By the time of his death, Younisi's résumé included more than seventy translations, encompassing literary texts, criticism, memoir, and historical scholarship.
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Samir, Aynaz. "Evaluating the Curriculum for M.A. English Translation in Iran: Is the Curriculum Effective for Students?" Journal of Modern Languages 32, n.º 1 (31 de julho de 2022): 58–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/jml.vol32no1.4.
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The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the current curriculum for M.A. English translation in Iranian universities regarding the students’ perspectives to find its deficiencies and to propose some recommendations to make the curriculum compatible with students’ needs. The study was done based on a quantitative research design using a researcher-made questionnaire. The questionnaire was administrated to 341 M.A. and Ph.D. translation students in Iran. The data from the questionnaire were analyzed in descriptive statistics and an independent samples t-test. The results revealed that the current curriculum was moderately effective in providing the students with the necessary translation competencies. The results indicated some courses including Translation Workshop, and Theories of Translation were effective. Whereas, some courses such as Literary Criticism, and Philosophy of Education were not effective enough to improve students’ theoretical knowledge and practical translation competencies. Hence, modifications of the contents or curriculum are needed. To improve the curriculum, the top three practical courses should be added to the curriculum, and they include Translation of Technical Texts, Interpretation Workshop, and Bilingual Editing Skills. Additionally, the results of the independent samples t-test showed that M.A students agreed more than Ph.D. students that courses such as Persian Writing, English Writing, and Sight Translation should be added to the M.A. translation curriculum. Overall, the findings provide insights to the curriculum reform which is needed in the area of English translation.
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Tajeddini, Shahrzad, e Masoud Sharififar. "Translation of Children's Literature in Iran and the Dichotomy of Identities". International Research in Children's Literature 7, n.º 1 (julho de 2014): 48–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ircl.2014.0113.
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As a neglected literary field in Iran, children's literature suffers a low domestic production and consequently the market is dominated by imported western books. Iranian translators have taken this opportunity to try to introduce children to new concepts from other cultures in hope of raising the level of tolerance and respect for ‘the other’ among them in a world dominated by the rhetoric of war. But young readers’ knowledge is limited; therefore they cannot be expected to comprehend the representations of other cultures which are taken for granted in adults’ literature. There emerges a conflict of norms in choosing to privilege domestication or foreignisation and thence local or global identity. In this study, four British children's books by Roald Dahl were chosen and compared with their Persian translations to find the main concerns of the translators in dealing with identity-reflecting items as classified by Helen T. Frank's research into translating for children, and thence to establish the most frequent type of identity encouraged by Persian translators for young readers. The article concludes that international understanding has been the main concern of Persian translators and global identity was more recurrently promoted by them.
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Ashrafi, Nasrin, Mohammad Reza Hashemi e Hossein Akbari. "Towards a new methodological approach to social historiography of translation". Translation Spaces 8, n.º 2 (5 de novembro de 2019): 231–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ts.19003.ash.
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Abstract In an attempt to appreciate the contribution that social network analysis (SNA) might offer to translation historiography, two main approaches are presented and discussed in this study: explanatory SNA and exploratory SNA. The former is more concerned with SNA measures while the latter deals with three potential narratives of social networks. The aim is to employ SNA in diachronic and synchronic dimensions of literary translation publishing historiography in Iran from 1991 to 2010, a micro-macro framework that seamlessly integrates agents’ relationships, visualization and network analysis techniques to explore the impact of ideological-political shifts on the quantity as well as quality of major agents’ relations. Furthermore, the study attempts to explore how the synergy between Giddens’ Structuration Theory (GST) and SNA can support a deeper and more empirically grounded understanding of translation historiography. The goal of the study is both methodological and scientific. The results of SNA graphical outputs suggest that there is a significant relationship between the structure of relationships in fiction publishing field and the dominant political discourse in Iran.
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Karimi-Hakkak, Ahmad. "From Translation to Appropriation: Poetic Cross-Breeding in Early Twentieth-Century Iran". Comparative Literature 47, n.º 1 (1995): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1771363.
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Haddadian-Moghaddam, Esmaeil, e Reine Meylaerts. "What about Translation? Beyond “Persianization” as the Language Policy in Iran". Iranian Studies 48, n.º 6 (7 de maio de 2014): 851–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00210862.2014.913437.
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Amirdabbaghian, Amin, e Krishnavanie Shunmugam. "An Inter-semiotic Study of Ideology on the Book Covers of Persian Translations of George Orwell’s Animal Farm". Ilha do Desterro A Journal of English Language, Literatures in English and Cultural Studies 72, n.º 2 (31 de maio de 2019): 225–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-8026.2019v72n2p225.
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All the movements and revolutions in the world’s history have been initiated and reinforced by a systematized structure of standards, opinions and thoughts establishing the foundations of political, social or economic perspectives known as ideology. Ideology plays a vital role when the dimension of translation is added to the argument, for in addition to the author’s ideas and attitudes of the world, the translator’s beliefs and value systems as the medium between two cultures come to bear upon the translated product. In Iran, the 1979 Islamic revolution changed the ideological system from the secular to a markedly religious (Islamic) one and this has increasingly influenced the way in which the cultural products are produced and/or translated. George Orwell’s Animal Farm (1945) is one of the most retranslated novels in both the pre- and post-revolution era in Iran. This article presents a semiotic analysis on the cover page of Orwell’s novel and its Persian translations at both the linguistic and illustration information level based on Serafini and Clausen’s (2012) model of typography as a semiotic resource as well as Kress and Van Leeuwen’s (2006) model of semiotic analysis. The cover pages of two Persian translations of Animal Farm which have been produced in the pre- and post-revolution era that is, by Amirshahi (1969) and Hosseini and Nabi Zadeh (2003) respectively will be compared in relation to the cover page of Orwell’s original novel. The findings reveal some distinct differences in the design of the cover pages which represent a particular set of values, beliefs or ideology.
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Khoshsaligheh, Masood, Mohsen Kafi e Saeed Ameri. "Fiction translation expectancy norms in Iran: a quantitative study of reception". International Journal of Translation and Interpreting Research 12, n.º 1 (25 de fevereiro de 2020): 74–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.12807/ti.112201.2020.a05.
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Gillespie, Stuart. "John Evelyn’s Translation of the Dies irae". Translation and Literature 32, n.º 1 (março de 2023): 42–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/tal.2023.0534.
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In a letter to Evelyn of 1656, Jeremy Taylor asked him if he would attempt a translation of the medieval hymn the Dies irae. Along with many of Evelyn's other unprinted poems and translations the outcome was lost to view until a very recent date, and is here printed, as far as is known, for the first time. The work is placed in the context of the hymn's wider translation history, and texts of two further seventeenth-century manuscript translations are provided for comparison.
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Bekmetov, R., e K. N. D. Sedigheh. "Leo Tolstoy’s novel “Anna Karenina” in interpretations of Iranian literary critics". Philology and Culture, n.º 1 (20 de março de 2023): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/2782-4756-2023-71-1-117-126.
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The eastern reception of Leo Tolstoy’s oeuvre remains in the list of topical issues. It primarily refers to the Persian perception of the Russian writer’s literary and philosophical heritage because Iran, unlike other Asian countries, has been a closed country for a long time. In the pre-Soviet period (during the lifetime of the author of “War and Peace”), there was no information about the state of Tolstoy Studies in Iran, except for the Russian newspaper and magazine chronicles, which reflected the facts of the general Persian cultural reception of Leo Tolstoy. The situation did not improve during the Soviet period. It is enough to point out that despite the efforts of Iranian philologists, a complete bibliography of Persian translations of Leo Tolstoy’s works was not compiled, and in the works, presenting a general idea of the problem, information on the topic “Tolstoy in Iran” was taken from second-hand sources, without proper verification. In Iran itself, objective factors, related to the unsystematic nature of the source base about Leo Tolstoy, had an impact. The post-Soviet period has not observed Russian Tolstoy scholars’ sustained interest in the problem of the Persian image of Leo Tolstoy. At the same time, Iranian researchers prefer to consider the mechanisms of perceiving Russian literature as a single text, without its special and detailed disclosure based on the example of Leo Tolstoy. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of literary viewpoints on Leo Tolstoy’s novel “Anna Karenina” in Iran. It should be emphasized that this review does not claim to be complete: the chronological series, without which it is impossible to describe the receptive dynamics in the spectrum of assessments and interpretations, is far from being complete; the problem of the first references of Iranian literary criticism and literary studies to the novel (apparently, the 1920s) has remained unsolved. The task of the article is more modest: to a certain extent to fill in the gap of understanding how the famous novel was interpreted in Iran.
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Abou Rached, Ruth. "Jonathan Wright on translating Arab and Iraqi literature, interview by Ruth Abou Rached". Journal of Contemporary Iraq & the Arab World 17, n.º 1 (1 de março de 2023): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jciaw_00083_7.
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Jonathan Wright is a British journalist and literary translator, known for bringing many works of Arab fiction to new audiences via translation for the past fifteen years. His recent works, however, seem more connected to Iraq: in addition to The Iraqi Christ by Hassan Blasim and Frankenstein in Baghdad by Ahmed Saadawi, he has translated The Book of Collateral Damage by Sinan Antoon (Yale University Press, 2020) and God 99 by Blasim (Comma Press, 2020). Jonathan is currently working on a semi-biographical novella by Iraqi writer Ali Bader and on works by Palestinian activist and fiction writer Ghassan Kanafani yet to be translated or retranslated, into English. In this interview, Ruth Abou Rached and Jonathan Wright discuss the experiences of Wright translating Iraqi and Arabic fiction and Wright offers his thoughts and recommendations.
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Lederhendler, Lazer. "Translating Fictions: The Messenger Was a Medium". TranscUlturAl: A Journal of Translation and Cultural Studies 1, n.º 2 (22 de julho de 2009): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21992/t9105g.
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In this article I will examine the ways in which the ethical gestures available to translators are inscribed in the etymologies of key terms and cognate pairs (especially in English and French) within the semantic field marked out by the category of translation: trade, transfer, transgress. translate / translater, traduire / traduce, betray / trahir. What emerges is a pattern dominated by themes of give and take, loss and gain, and above all, faithfulness and betrayal. Betrayal (like the French verb trahir) holds a pivotal position within this set, due to its two-faced character, given to both deceit and revelation.
Juxtaposed on and rooted in these themes are the timeworn types in which translators have been chronically cast (when not simply ignored): the loser (mainly in the sense of the agent of loss) and the traitor. Such associations throw into stark relief the intrinsically political and ethical nature of the act of translation, which Lawrence Venuti and others have forcefully theorized and which the fate of translators in Iraq and Afghanistan, for example, have brutally embodied in recent times.
Drawing in part on my own thirty odd years as a translator of literary and non-literary texts, I will consider the implications of the figure of the translator as “double-agent” in the Canadian context, where a translation economy has grown against a backdrop of conflicts over loyalties and faithlessness. Furthermore, by way of dialoguing with Venuti’s project of “minoritizing translation,” I hypothesize a strategy of translators voluntarily affirming their “double-agency” or “traitorhood” as an additional challenge to prevailing textual and cultural assumptions and regimes.
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Anushiravani, Alireza, e Atefeh Ghasemnejad. "The Reception of Ernest Hemingway in Iran after the Islamic Revolution: A study of The Old Man and the Sea and To Have and Have Not". International Journal of Comparative Literature and Translation Studies 5, n.º 2 (30 de abril de 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijclts.v.5n.2p.1.
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This article investigates how the literary reception of Ernest Hemingway in Iran in the first two decades after the Islamic Revolution is formed by cultural and ideological implications. The theoretical framework of this study is based on S.S. Prawer and Roger Asselineau’s notion of reception theory as a branch of study in comparative literature. The methodology entails a chronological study of translations, and cinematic adaptations of the author’s oeuvres. This study devotes itself to the study of the two most reprinted and translated works which depict a huge difference in the number of translations and reprints compared to Hemingway’s other works. As Such, the following outcomes are deliberated: besides the international fame of Hemingway, his continuing success in Iran can be related to the ideology of the translator, and the director, who deploy Hemingway’s novels as a prism to reflect Iranians’ stoic perseverance and mythical desire for freedom and fight against despotism as manifested in the legend of Jamshid. Hemingway’s code hero, undergoing stoic perseverance in hardship and war embody Iranians’ passage through a turbulent historical event after Revolution. Struggling with unemployment, war, and frustrated hopes, Iranians find Hemingway’s novels as a way to cope with arising problems during and after war. This article also explicates why reception of this particular work in Iran differs from its universal trend.
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Suzani, Samad Mirza. "Thorns and Flowers of Teaching English Literary Criticism to the Speakers of Persian as a Globally Less Widely Taught Language: a Case of MA Students of Translation Studies in Iran". Sustainable Multilingualism 12, n.º 1 (1 de maio de 2018): 202–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sm-2018-0010.
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Summary The main aim of this study is to probe into major impediments in teaching literary criticism to the Persian speaking Iranian students of translation studies and to argue in which ways teaching literary criticism may be a successful undertaking in the educational establishments in globally less widely taught and learnt languages like Persian. For this purpose, following a mandatory literary criticism course, 35 male and 65 female graduate students from Fars and Isfahan universities were selected through convenience sampling and encouraged to fill in “record-of-work” forms, including reflection on learning strategies as well as their personal experiences and impressions. Next, to triangulate the results, fifty participants were selected to partake in semi-structured interviews, and findings were sorted and content analyzed based on Oxford’s (1990) dimensions of Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL) and the tenets of grounded theory. It was revealed that there exist major defects with the current socio-pragmatic and pedagogical status of teaching literary criticism to the Iranian MA students and educational gaps are typically ascribed to the learners’ cultural conditions in Iranian EFL context. Results can hopefully provide EFL teachers with ways to recover defects in teaching literary criticism in less widely taught and learnt languages and provide learners with immediate feedback to meet cultural requirements in doing literary criticism.
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Mashakova, A. "PERCEPTION OF THE WORKS OF ABAI KUNANBAYEV IN FOREIGN EASTERN COUNTRIES". Keruen 80, n.º 3 (20 de setembro de 2023): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.53871/2078-8134.2023.3-06.
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The creative writings of Abai Kunanbayev occupies an important place in the history of Kazakhliterature’s international relations formation and development. In the article, based on the example of thecreativity of the great Kazakh poet Abai Kunanbayev, literary ties of Kazakhstan with such foreign easterncountries as Iran, Pakistan, Turkey, Mongolia, China, India have been analyzed. The process of translating hisworks into Oriental languages is presented. Abai’s poetry collections have been published in Urdu, Persian,Turkish and Mongolian. The prose work “Words of Edification” has been translated into Chinese and Korean.Thanks to these translations, Abai’s creative heritage became available to a wide range of Eastern readers,scientists and literary critics, who evaluated Abai’s creativity in newspapers, journals and introductory articlesto the published books. Important aspects of foreign literary reception include speeches by foreign participantsin the international conferences. The article discusses the reports of the researchers from foreign easterncountries. Most Eastern poets and writers, literary critics and literary historians have made comparisons of theirown literary traditions with the poets. Eastern literary figures, showing respect for the spiritual national leaders,unconditionally raised Abai to the rank of the Teachers of the East. The relevance of the research topic is dueto the fact that the perception of Abai’s creative writings by Eastern literary critics, who recognize the specialrole and place of the Kazakh poet in the life of their people, contributes to the international popularization ofKazakh literature.
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Fakharzadeh, Mehrnoosh, e Simin Kazemi. "Inside Iranian Freelance Simultaneous Conference Interpreters’ Experience: A thematic Analysis of Narratives". Hikma 19, n.º 2 (15 de dezembro de 2020): 183–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.21071/hikma.v19i2.12603.
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Although several studies have examined translators' and interpreters' experience in various contexts, relatively few studies have attempted to explore the freelance simultaneous conference interpreters' experience in the Iranian context. In this country, the increasing number of international conferences is creating a demand for quality conference interpretation. In this study, we used qualitative analysis of narratives to delve into the experience of eight freelance simultaneous conference interpreters in Iran to realize their perception of their job and the impact of contextual factors on the quality of their experience as well as that of interpretation. Three themes, namely job-finding experience, on-the-job-experience, and the locus of the problems were extracted from eleven sub-themes. Overall, the narratives characterized interpreting in Iran as a non-professional occupation that amounts to an ad hoc event, language brokering, and ability-oriented task. The findings can raise some critical considerations for stakeholders involved in the field of translation and interpretation studies as well as practitioners.
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Tiburcio, Alberto. "Muslim-Christian Polemics and Scriptural Translation in Safavid Iran: ʿAli-Qoli Jadid al-Eslām and his Interlocutors". Iranian Studies 50, n.º 2 (24 de janeiro de 2017): 247–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00210862.2016.1233806.
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Marlow, Louise. "Translation of the Words of ʿAli b. Abi Tālib in Early Fourteenth-Century Iran: A Local Bilingual Network". Iranian Studies 53, n.º 5-6 (14 de setembro de 2020): 741–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00210862.2020.1787128.
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Shorokhov, Vladimir, Olga Yastrebova e Ekaterina Pischurnikova. "The Petition of Ambassador Āqā Ḥasan as a Source on the Micro‑History of Russian‑Iranian Relations in the Middle of the 17th Century". Manuscripta Orientalia. International Journal for Oriental Manuscript Research 28, n.º 2 (dezembro de 2022): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31250/1238-5018-2022-28-2-25-34.
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The paper is devoted to the document form RSAAA (Russian State Archive of Ancient Documents) from the archive files related to the arrival in Russia in 1645 of the ambassador Aqa Hasan. Of the entire file (491 folios), this is the only document drawn up in Persian. It is interesting that this document did not relate with the main purpose of the embassy's arrival — the financial claims of the Russian side against the rulers of Iran, the proceedings on which lasted from 1629 to 1645. The Ambassador asked for help both in solving everyday issues and in overcoming difficulties associated with logistics and the movement of goods. It is noteworthy that one of the articles of the petition, dedicated to the fate of the Khorasan captive, was not included in the Russian translation, made by the translator of the 18th century, and, accordingly, was not included in the report to the tsar.
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Schmidtke, Sabine. "Biblical Predictions of the Prophet Muĥammad among the Zaydīs of Iran". Arabica 59, n.º 3-4 (2012): 218–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157005812x629248.
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Abstract Biblical predictions of the advent of the Prophet Muĥammad are rarely adduced in the theological writings of Muʿtazilite authors and those who referred to them clearly considered this to be a secondary strategy at best. Zaydī Muʿtazilites were less hesitant than their Sunnī counterparts to employ scriptural materials. This was possibly due to the influence of the Imām al-Qāsim b. Ibrāhīm al-Rassī (d. 246/860) who was intimately familiar with Christian theological notions and with the Bible, from which he quoted freely in some of his writings. Among the Zaydīs of Iran, scriptural passages allegedly foretelling the advent of Muĥammad have been adduced by the Imām al-Muʾayyad bi-Llāh (d. 411/1020), by his companion, the later Imām al-Muwaffaq bi-Llāh (d. after 420/1029), and by Aĥmad b. Muĥammad al-Sammān (fl. early 5th/11th century). An analysis of the texts suggests that the three authors were drawing on source(s)/translation traditions preceding or parallel to that of ʿAlī b. Rabban al-Ṭabarī’s (d. 251/865) al-Dīn wa-l-dawla and Ibn Qutayba’s (d. 276/889) Aʿlām al-nubuwwa.
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Afrouz, Mahmoud. "Self-edition hypothesis". FORUM / Revue internationale d’interprétation et de traduction / International Journal of Interpretation and Translation 19, n.º 1 (11 de junho de 2021): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/forum.20008.afr.
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Abstract ‘Self-editing’ refers to the practice of translators who edit their own earlier translations. Self-editions have been less investigated than retranslations. No attempt has been made so far to formulate a hypothesis concerning self-edition. Therefore, the present piece of research was conducted to fill the gap. The corpus of the study includes the modern Persian novella The Blind Owl written by Sadeq Hedayat (1903–1951) and translated (and self-edited) by Iraj Bashiri (in 1974, 2013 and 2016). The findings showed that self-edited versions appeared to be more target-oriented than their original translations. Therefore, although they appeared after the original translation, and could somehow be thought of as ‘retranslations’, they do not seem to confirm the Retranslation-Hypothesis (RH). The main principle of the tentative ‘Self-edition Hypothesis’ is contrary to that of the Retranslation-Hypothesis. It was also found that a self-edited translation is more ‘natural’, ‘accurate’, and ‘expanded’, but slightly less clear than its original translation. It should, however, be underscored that the reduction in clarity of self-edited versions was not so significant. Future researchers are encouraged to focus their study on ‘comparing strategies used by translators with those adopted by editors’ and ‘taking into account socio-cultural factors involved in the production of new editions’. Prospective researchers can test the hypothesis by concentrating on various language pairs and other text-types.
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Odabaei, Milad. "Abdolhossein Azarang, Tārikh-e tarjomeh dar Iran: as dowrān-e bāstān tā pāyān-e asr-e Qajar [History of Translation in Iran: From Antiquity to the End of the Qajar Era] (Tehran, Iran, Qoqnoos Publishing, 2015)". Iranian Studies 55, n.º 3 (julho de 2022): 828–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/irn.2022.47.
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Tohidian, Iman, e Ali Khorsandi Taskoh. "Teacher’s Narration of Teaching Critical Literacy: It’s a KEY for Raising Students’ Awareness in Iran". Multidisciplinary Journal of Educational Research 10, n.º 1 (15 de fevereiro de 2020): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17583/remie.2020.4714.
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To be literate, students need to able to think critically and read between the lines to find the implicit meanings and ideologies. To help Iranian English language learners learn writing as a social action and not independent of social (in)justices and (in)equalities, we included critical literacy in a writing course at the University of [for anonymity]. We intend to illuminate teacher’s narration about raising students’ awareness towards (mal)practices, (in)justices, and (in)equalities of the society in their writings.To do so, all 52 undergraduate 3rd-year-EFL learners of English Literature and Translation participated in our writing class. The teacher was also an associate professor (50 years old) with critical literacy as his main area of research. Students were required to write essays as mid-term and final exams. The teacher’s reflection on the course in general and on the EFL learners’ reflective essays highlighted that teaching writing through critical literacy helped students realize that writing is a process dependent on different social and political issues.Students’ growth in critical consciousness through their writing reminds teaching practitioners, policy-makers, and teacher educators to provide innovation in their classrooms to empower language learners with teaching methodologies contrary to what they are accustomed to during their learning.
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Amjad, Fazel Asadi, Kamran Ahmadgoli e Qadir Haqiqatshenas. "An American Mystic in the East: Tracing the Origins of Robert Bly’s Interest in Persian Literary Tradition". Theory and Practice in Language Studies 11, n.º 12 (2 de dezembro de 2021): 1668–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1112.20.
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The American poet Robert Bly is among the most important literary figures in the second half of the 20th century. He worked in various capacities as a poet, translator, teacher and workshop organizer among other things, so much so that he is sometimes compared to Ezra Pound on account of the variety of his interests and the extent of his influence. Like Pound, Bly developed an interest in Asian poetic traditions, including that of Iran, and in doing so, he translated the poetry of Rumi (better known as Mowlana in Iran) and Hafez into English. The present study seeks to trace the paths through which Bly came to develop an interest in Persian mystical poetry and to demonstrate two concerns that guided and informed his interest in this tradition; that is, the socio-political vocation of the poet and the formal advantages of the poetic form known as Ghazal. Such concerns, it will be argued, are firmly rooted within the American literary tradition and therefore this study reveals the continuities that underlie Bly’s interest in Persian poetry, suggesting that he sometimes approached Persian poetry on his own terms, without paying proper attention to the context, a shortcoming that, as will be shown, is the result not of ignorance but what may be called methodological laxity.
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Mahasneh, Anjad A. "(Re)constructing Narratives in Qur'an Translation". International Journal of Arabic-English Studies 23, n.º 2 (20 de junho de 2023): 101–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33806/ijaes.v23i2.455.
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Negative and distorted narratives about Islam and Jihad in the Western media, in general, and in certain publications, in particular, have increased with the emergence of terrorist and radical groups in the past decade. Narrative theory has recently expanded to include the study of translations and other types of texts in order to show how ideology and power relations affect narration and potentially steer public opinions. This paper scrutinizes the negative narratives constructed and reinforced over time by both some Western publications after the emergence of ISIS and by some leaders of terrorist groups such as the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), about Islam in general and about Jihad in particular. It examines a number of narratives regarding jihad and war-related verses put forth by both the Western publications and ISIS leaders in light of Mona Baker and Sue-Ann Jane Harding’s theories of narrative. It is found that negative narratives proliferate distorted images and misconceptions about Jihad and Islam. These narratives have contributed to a meta-narrative in which Jihad and Islam are contiguous with terrorism, and that these narratives have therefore contributed to global Islamophobia.
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Ghabool, Ehsan, e Mina Ravansalar. "Imagology of Iranians in One Thousand Nights and One Night". European Journal of Language and Literature 4, n.º 1 (30 de abril de 2016): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejls.v4i1.p74-80.
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Imagology is a branch of comparative literature which explores the image of one nation in the literature of another nation. One Thousand Nights and One Night is among the important books which can show the image of different nations and people such as Indians, Iranians and Arabs. Since the oldest version of the book is in Arabic, it is considered an Arabic literary work though it was translated from a Persian tale in the first place. On this basis the study of the image of Iranians in One Thousand Nights and One Night can be included under the definition of imagology. In this article, first we explain, analyze and study the image of Iranians in the book One Thousand Nights and One Night with respect to 1. anthropology (including entertainments, personification of animals, disapprobation of lies and betrayal of spouses), 2. religious and mythical beliefs (including the belief in daevas and jinnis, magic, fire-worshipping and similar plots), 3. politics (emphasizing the position of vizier and his family in government), 4. economics (emphasizing economic prosperity), then we will compare the collected information with the image of Iranians in credited works and in this way we will identify the similarities and differences of Iranians’ image in One Thousand Nights and One Night and the above-said literary works. Finally we come to this conclusion that the similarities belong to the real image of Iranians in the pre-Islamic days and that differences show the image of post-Islamic Iran which is added through Arabic translation.
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Shahmirzadi, Atefeh Akbari. "“Where Is the Friend’s Home?”: New World Landscapes in Sohrab Sepehri’s Poetic Geography". Cambridge Journal of Postcolonial Literary Inquiry 6, n.º 03 (setembro de 2019): 313–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pli.2019.7.
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Sohrab Sepehri (1928–1980), the Iranian poet, painter, and translator, wrote during the tumultuous decades before the Islamic revolution in Iran (1979), concurrent with global decolonizing movements. At a time when many of his contemporaries were active participants in the “Committed” literary movement and wrote ostensibly political poetry, Sepehri’s work was considered apolitical and thus marginal in the revolutionary discourse of the time. This article demonstrates how his writing in fact worked towards decolonizing the mind of the Iranian subject by creating his own unique language of revolt–a language that refrained from engaging in the East-West binarism of this discourse. His language of revolt comes out of his subversive view of culture and through his frequent travels to global literary spaces while simultaneously de-centering these spaces. I analyze his poem "Address" in tandem with its visual representation by Abbas Kiarostami to present the embodiment of his poetic geography.
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Moghadamizad, Zahra, Bahram Mowlaie e Ali Rahimi. "An inquiry on publishers’ criteria for recruitment of translators". International Journal of New Trends in Social Sciences 4, n.º 2 (31 de dezembro de 2020): 77–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/ijntss.v4i2.5127.
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This study aimed to investigate the criteria considered by Iranian publishers for admitting translators. In order to achieve this purpose, the qualifications developed by Samuelson-Brown were employed to design a 19-item Likert scale questionnaire on a continuum from ‘strongly agree’ to ‘strongly disagree’. Some of the qualifications mentioned in the questionnaire were academic degree, translation competence, work experience, proficiency test, translators’ sense of responsibility for their task and the direct relationship between the publishers and the translators. Next, it was handed out to 140 Iranian publishers who were randomly selected as the participants from different parts of Iran for data collection. The collected data were analysed both qualitatively and quantitatively using the chi-squared test to see whether there were any significant relationships between each item and the participants’ attitudes. The qualitative results showed that almost all participants agreed with considering most qualifications as their own criteria to recruit translators, of course with some variations in their opinions on the significance of the variables of interest. However, the result of the chi-squared test showed a significant relationship only between four variables of inclusion of proficiency test, computer literacy, the translators’ relationship with the publisher and gender. The results can have some practical implications on translation course developers, students and teachers.  Â
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GOLOB, Nina. "Foreword". Acta Linguistica Asiatica 7, n.º 2 (29 de dezembro de 2017): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/ala.7.2.5-6.
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Yet another year has come to its end. It brought us some new ideas and we have spent several months in preparations to realize them.The greatest change is that we may be expecting the new ALA issue within a month, in January 2018 already. From the year to come, we will still be publishing two issues per year, with the winter issue published in January coming first. The second issue will be the summer issue, published in July. At this opportunity we would like to express our gratitude to all the authors in the ALA journal, and alongside send out our call for new articles. All the rest of the changes might only be noticed by our regular readers, while newcomers will hopefully find our e-journal competent, functional, and user friendly. This number of the ALA journal is mostly dedicated to the area of translation studies, however, also contains three interesting works on language. Wing Bo Anna TSO in her work “Repressed Sexual Modernity: A Case Study of Herbert Giles’ (1845 - 1935) Rendition of Pu Songling’s Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio (1880) in the Late Qing” attempts the literary-cultural approach and investigates the lost in translation. She focused on examining gender ideologies in the original and translated work to find out that transgressive gender views get strongly repressed in Giles’ English rendition.A similar thought, namely the importance of the cultural background of the text in translation is stressed in the article “Metaphor in Translation: Cognitive Perspectives on Omar Khayyam’s Poetry as Rendered into English and Kurdish”, written by Rahman VEISI HASAR and Ehsan PANAHBAR. As metaphors as cognitive phenomena can not be relegated to linguistic expression only, the research findings reveal that translators have mostly been successful in translating metaphors dependent on shared cultural models, however, have failed to recreate metaphors dependent on non-shared cultural models.Difficulties in translating metaphors were also experienced by Eva VUČKOVIČ and Byoung Yoong KANG, who in their article “Prevajanje Ko Unove poezije iz korejščine v slovenščino” address several major problems they have encountered when translating poetry from Korean into Slovene. The aricle is written in Slovene and is a pionieering work on translation studies from Korean into Slovene.Lija GANTAR wrote an article “Ancient Greek Legend in Modern Japanese Literature: ‘Run, Melos!’ by Dazai Osamu” in which she discusses how the Japanese author managed to retell a Western literature story in a way to succesfully make it a part of the Japanese literature. The following three articles refer to language. Sweta SINHA in her article “Fuzzy Logic Based Teaching/Learning of a Foreign Language in Multilingual Situations” managed to incorporate the concept of Fuzzy Logic (FL), which primarily gained momentum in the areas of artificial intelligence and allied researches, into a foreign language classroom. She describes language pedagogy as more real-like when observed through the lens of fuzzy logic and fuzzy thinking, and claims that in that way language interference is more of a resource than a challenge.Now already a sequential work on adjective distribution was contributed by LI Wenchao, who wrote the article “Revisit Adjective Distribution in Chinese”. In it the author re-classifies Chinese monosyllabic adjectives and verbs in light of ‘scale structure’ and examines how various adjectives are associated with different scalar layers of verbs. Finally, an interesting project report on the development of early Persian vocabulary in the process of first language acquisition was written by Hajar SHAHHOSEINI. The report is entitled “Investigation of Early Vocabulary Development of a Persian Speaking Child at Age 2 Years Old in Iran”.Editors and Editorial Board thank all the contributors to this volume, and wish the regular and new readers of the ALA journal a pleasant read full of inspiration.
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Alhashmi, Rawad. "Diglossia between Edge and Bridge in Arabic Science Fiction: Reinventing Narrative after the Arab Spring". Interdisciplinary Literary Studies 25, n.º 1 (fevereiro de 2023): 54–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/intelitestud.25.1.0054.
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ABSTRACT This article examines the transcription of diglossia in Basma Abdel Aziz’s The Queue (al-Tábúr 2013; translated into English by Elisabeth Jaquette in 2016) and Ahmed Saadawi’s Frankenstein in Baghdad (Frānkishtāyn fī Baghdad 2013; translated into English by Jonathan Wright in 2018), and how it is rendered in translation. The article argues that Abdel Aziz and Saadawi encapsulate diglossia in their novels to crystallize the immediacy of sociopolitical upheavals through the momentum of the Arab Spring and the colonial background of Iraq. The juxtaposition of high variety (Standard Arabic) and low variety (colloquial Arabic) is engineered toward the democratization of everyday language Arabic Science Fiction (ASF) to engage with ongoing events, thereby capturing the immediacy of the present in one genre. In doing so, Abdel Aziz and Saadawi constitute an archetype project of diglossia in the realm of ASF, opening a new linguistic chapter to convey a local spectrum of literary narrative beyond the convention of literary language, which uses standard Arabic as a serious literary medium. Thus, both novelists bridge the gap between high and low varieties, providing a new political immediacy to their societies.
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Ismail, Ismail. "A Rhetorical, Stylistic and Translation Quality Assessment Based -Study of English and French Translations of Al-Sayyab's Poem (Lianni Ghareeb- For I'm Stranger - (لأني غريب". Al-Adab Journal, n.º 145 (14 de junho de 2023): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31973/aj.v1i145.3886.
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Arabic Poetry in general and Iraqi Modern Poetry in particular are abundant in emotional, nationalistic and political attitudes. Iraqi poets express their devotion and loyalty to their homeland profoundly and figuratively. Badr Shaker Al-Sayyab is an Iraqi pioneering figure in modern Arabic poetry. His poem (For I'm Stranger) is one of his powerful and effective literary works in which he draws magnificent images of the strong psychological bond with his homeland Iraq. This poem is a challenging task for translators (from Arabic into any other language). So, this paper focuses on how to render the meter and the rhyme of the source Arabic poem which has unique stylistic and prosaic structures into the TL concerned? The study includes an analysis of the English and French versions of "Liaani Ghareeb لأني غريب" poem. The analysis is made by comparing musical, rhetorical and figurative structures of the two versions to see which version is closer to the Arabic SL poem. This study comes up with the conclusion that the metrical and prosodic structures of the French version are more harmonic in terms of musicality. The English version on the other hand seems acceptable but lacks the rhetorical compatibility in the light of the adopted theories of translation.
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Burns, Joshua Ezra. "A Jewish Neo-Aramaic Translation of Genesis Recorded in Mosul, Iraq, ca. 1841 (Ms. Syr. 7, Houghton Library, Harvard University)". Aramaic Studies 5, n.º 1 (2007): 47–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/147783507x231949.
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Abstract The subject of the present study is a transcription of the first two chapters of Genesis in an undocumented Jewish Neo-Aramaic literary dialect. Recorded in the vicinity of Mosul, Iraq, at some point during the mid-nineteenth century, the Genesis manuscript is accompanied by another of identical provenance preserving a selection from the Gospel of Matthew in the same ostensibly Jewish dialect. The purpose of my analysis is to establish the provenance of this exceptional pair of documents, and, upon the basis of this determination, to analyze the contents of the Genesis manuscript in light of other attested Jewish Neo-Aramaic renderings of the biblical text.