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Webster, Peter. "Leases and the Requirements of Writing". Edinburgh Law Review 26, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2022): 51–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/elr.2022.0738.
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This article analyses how the provisions of the Requirements of Writing (Scotland) Act 1995 apply to leases and, in particular, the circumstances in which informally constituted transactions which do not comply with the statutory requirements nevertheless receive legal effect because of the Act's “statutory personal bar” provisions. The subject is of considerable practical importance and also gives rise to basic questions of fairness between contracting parties. However, the relevant provisions of the Act are difficult to apply to leases and the case law is inconsistent. This article proposes a new approach to interpreting the Act which avoids some of the difficulties of the existing decisions and which is more consistent with the legislative intention.
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Richardson, Lorna. "The Limits of Statutory Personal Bar: Leases and the Requirements of Writing (Scotland) Act 1995". Edinburgh Law Review 20, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2016): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/elr.2016.0322.
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Rennie, Robert. "Kenneth S Gerber, COMMERCIAL LEASES IN SCOTLAND Edinburgh: W Green & Son (www.wgreen.co.uk), 2009. xxxv + 217 pp + companion CD. ISBN 9780414017528. £76.13." Edinburgh Law Review 14, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2010): 170–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e1364980909001164.
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Stevenson, Anna J., Charlotte F. Huggins, Alison Forbes, Jim Hume, Grant Fulton, Claire Thirlwall, Janet Miles et al. "RuralCovidLife: A new resource for the impact of the pandemic on rural Scotland." Wellcome Open Research 6 (23 de maio de 2022): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17325.2.
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RuralCovidLife is part of Generation Scotland’s CovidLife project, investigating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and mitigation measures on people in Scotland. The RuralCovidLife project focuses on Scotland’s rural communities, and how they have been impacted by the pandemic. During survey development, Generation Scotland consulted with people living or working in rural communities, and collaborated with a patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) group composed of rural community leaders. Through this consultation work, the RuralCovidLife survey was developed to assess the issues most pertinent to people in rural communities, such as mental health, employment, transport, connectivity, and local communities. Between 14th October and 30th November 2020, 3,365 participants from rural areas in Scotland took part in the survey. Participant ages ranged from 16 to 96 (mean = 58.4, standard deviation [SD] = 13.3), and the majority of the participants were female (70.5%). Over half (51.3%) had taken part in the original CovidLife survey. RuralCovidLife includes a subsample (n = 523) of participants from the Generation Scotland cohort. Pre-pandemic data on health and lifestyle, as well as biological samples, are available for these participants. These participants’ data can also be linked to past and future healthcare records, allowing analysis of retrospective and prospective health outcomes. Like Generation Scotland, RuralCovidLife is designed as a resource for researchers. RuralCovidLife data, as well as the linked Generation Scotland data, is available for use by external researchers following approval from the Generation Scotland Access Committee. RuralCovidLife can be used to investigate mental health, well-being, and behaviour in participants living in rural areas during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as comparisons with non-rural samples. Moreover, the sub-sample with full Generation Scotland data and linkage can be used to investigate the long-term health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in rural communities.
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Stevenson, Anna J., Charlotte F. Huggins, Alison Forbes, Jim Hume, Grant Fulton, Claire Thirlwall, Janet Miles et al. "RuralCovidLife: Study protocol and description of the data". Wellcome Open Research 6 (23 de novembro de 2021): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17325.1.
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RuralCovidLife is part of Generation Scotland’s CovidLife project, investigating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and mitigation measures on people in Scotland. The RuralCovidLife project focuses on Scotland’s rural communities, and how they have been impacted by the pandemic. During survey development, Generation Scotland consulted with people living or working in rural communities, and collaborated with a patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) group composed of rural community leaders. Through this consultation work, the RuralCovidLife survey was developed to assess the issues most pertinent to people in rural communities, such as mental health, employment, transport, connectivity, and local communities. Between 14th October and 30th November 2020, 3,365 participants from rural areas in Scotland took part in the survey. Participant ages ranged from 16 to 96 (mean = 58.4, standard deviation [SD] = 13.3), and the majority of the participants were female (70.5%). Over half (51.3%) had taken part in the original CovidLife survey. RuralCovidLife includes a subsample (n = 523) of participants from the Generation Scotland cohort. Pre-pandemic data on health and lifestyle, as well as biological samples, are available for these participants. These participants’ data can also be linked to past and future healthcare records, allowing analysis of retrospective and prospective health outcomes. Like Generation Scotland, RuralCovidLife is designed as a resource for researchers. RuralCovidLife data, as well as the linked Generation Scotland data, is available for use by external researchers following approval from the Generation Scotland Access Committee. RuralCovidLife can be used to investigate mental health, well-being, and behaviour in participants living in rural areas during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as comparisons with non-rural samples. Moreover, the sub-sample with full Generation Scotland data and linkage can be used to investigate the long-term health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in rural communities.
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Eremina, Natalia. "International activities of Scotland: Scottish nationalists’ positions". Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International relations 16, n.º 1 (2023): 83–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu06.2023.105.
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Scotland’s international activities are interesting in many respects. Firstly, the region has a long history of political struggle for independence, having formulated the concept of “Scotland is a country” by now. Secondly, starting with the preparations for the 2019 general election campaign, the Scottish National Party (SNP), as the political leader of the region, has launched a program of “internationalization of Scotland”, stating not only international ambitions, but also the use of international relations to strengthen the position of Scotland as independent nation in the international arena. Thirdly, Scotland seeks to demonstrate itself as a responsible player, offering its innovations in the field of strengthening partnership and peace, and proving that the whole world will benefit from an independent Scotland (it is no coincidence that SNP party documents often mention that “the Scots are conscientious citizens of the world”). Fourthly, the independence of Scotland is offered by the SNP as a tool for realizing the rights of citizens to participate personally in the international agenda. Thus, we note both the growing international ambitions of Scotland and their international recognition. In general, the Scottish model of paradiplomacy is the use of all possible international platforms and the creation of new ones to form a positive image of the region. The goal of the article: to analyze the strategy of international activity of Scotland and correlate it with the practical activity of the region. The study was carried out on the basis of a political-historical approach, which means an analysis of regional processes in any area in the context of national and macro-regional development (in this case, we understand the European Union as a macro-region). The research method within the framework of the chosen approach was the case study method. Accordingly, the article compared various indicators of regional involvement in international processes after Brexit in the longer period of Scotland’s entry into the international arena after 1998, i. e. implementation of the Scottish Act. This allows us to talk about the dynamics of the region’s international activity and its prospects.
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Łokucijewski, Krzysztof. "The Would-Be Independence Referendum of October 2023. A Lesson from Scotland". Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego 77, n.º 1 (2024): 237–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/ppk.2024.01.17.
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In the 2014 referendum Scottish voters were asked whether Scotland should be an independent country. Several years and one Brexit referendum later Nicola Sturgeon, the then popular and charismatic leader of the Scottish National Party and First Minister of Scotland, was making a convincing case for another independence referendum. She even proposed October 2023 as its date. But the United Kingdom government and successive Conservative prime ministers have consistently said “no”. This article analyses that constitutional and political ‘tug-of-war’ in the context of devolution settlement, pro-independence aspirations of Scottish people, consequences of Brexit, and growing tensions between Edinburgh and London. The most fundamental constitutional question within that frame of reference is what Scotland’s viable path to independence should be and in other words, under what circumstances the independence vision could be implemented.
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Phillips, Jim. "Oceanspan: Deindustrialisation and Devolution in Scotland, c. 1960–1974". Scottish Historical Review 84, n.º 1 (abril de 2005): 63–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/shr.2005.84.1.63.
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Oceanspan was a grand design for Scotland's economic, industrial and social regeneration. It attempted to position Scotland as a land bridge between the Atlantic Ocean and Continental Europe: raw materials would flow in from the west, utilising the deep water of the Firth of Clyde, and be converted into finished goods for export across the North Sea. The chief architect of the plan was William Lithgow, the Port Glasgow shipbuilder, and it was publicised by the Scottish Council for Development and Industry, an organisation that encompassed representatives of local authorities and trade unions but was dominated by business interests. The plans were geared to assisting new industries notably electronics, but implied special privileges for the older heavy industries with which Lithgow and Lord Clydesmuir, chairman of the Scottish Council, were associated. Substantial public investment was required, which was resisted by both Labour and Conservative governments. Only the political sympathies of the Scottishcouncil leaders, nurtured further by the various social and industrial difficulties facing the Conservative government in 1971 and 1972, notably the miners' strike and the work-in at Upper Clyde Shipbuilders, averted a substantial public row. Oceanspan nevertheless represents an important episode in the longer history of the emergence of devolutionary or nationalist impulses in modern Scotland, for the plkans linked Scotland's apparent economic and industrial stagnation with the alleged problem of remote administrationof policy in Scotland from Whitehall, and incorporated demands for enhanced policy powers for the Scottish Office.
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Steven, Martin. "Secessionist Politics and Religious Conservatism: The Scottish National Party and Faith-Based Interests". Politics 28, n.º 3 (outubro de 2008): 188–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9256.2008.00328.x.
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The Scottish National party's 2007 devolved election campaign was endorsed by two prominent ‘conservative’ Christians – Brian Souter, one of Scotland's richest men, and Cardinal Keith O'Brien, the leader of the Scottish Catholic Church. The article offers two explanations for this, both linked to the improved opportunity structure created by devolution: first, the Scottish Labour party lost the trust of these faith-based interests over the ‘Section 28’ episode, a significant factor due to the more competitive devolved party system; second, there is evidence to suggest that these faith-based interests believe an independent Scotland would create improved opportunities for influencing social policy.
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Sullivan, Gemma, e Christine Gregson. "Resilience: not just a brave face". BMJ Leader 1, n.º 3 (30 de agosto de 2017): 27–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/leader-2017-000017.
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May, Ruth, Charlotte McArdle, Fiona McQueen e Jean White. "Leaders in health for everyone". British Journal of Nursing 28, n.º 9 (9 de maio de 2019): 568–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2019.28.9.568.
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Long, Albert G. "Observations on the Lower Carboniferous Lycopod Oxroadia gracilis Alvin". Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 77, n.º 2 (1986): 127–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263593300010786.
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ABSTRACTA stem-base of Oxroadia gracilis is described showing 12 distal rhizophores and 72 roots. The rhizophores branch in a manner interpreted as dichotomy in successive planes at right angles. Each has a siphonostele which may possess medullary tracheids. Root-traces are monarch and wedge-shaped in section and their departure leaves ramular gaps in the siphonostele. The largest root may have functioned as a tap-root formed earlier than the rhizophores and exogenous. Only two out of ten known rooting specimens show rhizophores.An aerial stem with leaves shows secondary xylem up to the level of the probable second dichotomies.Leaves have slightly decurrent clasping bases forming low cushions and are recurved. Ligules (when preserved) occur in deep cavities of leaf-bases. In the apical region young leaves are small, recurved, and grooved distally below, giving a pseudo-forked appearance in cross sections of the stem.Only incomplete strobili are known.Comparisons are made with ‘Lepidodendron’ saalfeldense Solms-Laubach, and Trabicaulis ftabellilignis Meyer-Berthaud; these are considered co-generic.Oxroadia is recorded from the Oil-Shale Group (late Viséan or Asbian) near Kinghorn, Fife, Scotland; and from the Cementstone Group (late Tournaisian or Courceyan) East Lothian, Scotland; Berwickshire, Scotland; and Northumberland, northern England.
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Ananieva, Elena. "Humza Yousaf – the New Leader of SNP". Analytical papers of the Institute of Europe RAS, n.º 1 (2023): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/analytics1620234246.
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The resignation of N. Sturgeon, SNP leader and First Minister of Scotland, was caused by political scandals and failures of her rule. Following the results of party elections, for the first time an ethnic Pakistani, a descendant of migrants H. Yousaf became leader of SNP and Scotland. An adherent of "woke" ideology, he had defeated the supporter of traditional values K. Forbes by a slight margin. Yousaf is unlikely to overcome the split in SNP, as well as create a sustained majority in public opinion for Scottish independence. The confrontation between Edinburgh and London will continue. The SNP's electoral chances are declining in favor of the Labour Party.
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Rodgers, Sheelagh. "Developing leaders … at every level". DCP-S Review 1, n.º 15 (2017): 16–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsdcps.2017.1.15.16.
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In the first of two features focusing on leadership training provided by DCP-Scotland, Sheelagh Rodgers outlines recent opportunities for clinical psychologists at different stages of their careers. We also hear from delegates who were keen to improve their skills.
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Li, Wang,. "The Dialect Features and Distinguish Approach of Scottish English (Note 1)". World Journal of Education and Humanities 3, n.º 3 (3 de agosto de 2021): p45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/wjeh.v3n3p45.
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If standard official language is a glass of water, the dialect is like soup with a flavor of your hometown. The locals in Scotland pride themselves on speaking English with a Scottish accent, but its obscurity always leaves us at a loss. In order to understand Scottish English dialects better, this article first briefly analyzes the language classification in Scotland. Then, using empirical research methods, interviews with the 10 most representative speakers of Scottish English dialects are selected from the eight regions of Scotland. The audio is used as a research corpus. The corpus is 49 minutes and 17 seconds long, with a total number of 9293 words. It focuses on the analysis of the accent, vocabulary, and grammatical structure of the Scottish English dialect. Finally, suggestions are made on Scottish English listening and discerning ability training.
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Watson, Fiona. "A Longing for Peace: Putting the Declaration of Arbroath in Context". Scottish Historical Review 101, n.º 3 (dezembro de 2022): 379–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/shr.2022.0575.
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The general context surrounding the despatch to Avignon of the Declaration of Arbroath has been acknowledged and understood for some time. However, a detailed examination of the diplomatic to-ing and fro-ing between Scotland, England and the papacy in the years before and after 1320 reveals several significant aspects that have hitherto been overlooked. The most important is the pivotal role played by the death of the heir to the Scottish throne in Ireland in 1317, which prompted King Robert to engage directly with Pope John XXII, something the former had studiously avoided until then. This reflected the ultimate failure of Scottish military policy designed to force a peace treaty out of Edward II based on Scottish independence and a Bruce kingship. Henceforth Scotland’s leaders worked hard to appear model members of Christendom’s elites, despite the ongoing excommunication for their earlier contumacy. The interdict was finally lifted only a few months before Robert’s death and shortly after the conclusion of a ‘final’ peace with Edward III’s regency government (brought about by good old-fashioned military action).
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Nadeem, Beena. "Chief nursing officer for Scotland leaves a legacy of improvement". Nursing Management 21, n.º 7 (30 de outubro de 2014): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/nm.21.7.9.s11.
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Brown, S. J. "Reform, Reconstruction, Reaction: The Social Vision of Scottish Presbyterianism c. 1830-c. 1930". Scottish Journal of Theology 44, n.º 4 (novembro de 1991): 489–518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0036930600025977.
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In 1929, after many years of consultation and compromise, the two largest Presbyterian denominations in Scotland — the established Church of Scotland and the voluntary United Free Church — were united. The Union was an impressive achievement, marking the end of the bitter divisions of eighteenth and nineteenth century Scottish Presbyterianism. In particular, it represented the healing of the wounds of the Disruption of 1843, when the national Church of Scotland had been broken up as a result of conflicts between Church and State over patronage and the Church's spiritual independence. With the Union of 1929, the leaders of Scottish Presbyterianism, and especially John White of Glasgow's Barony Church, succeeded not only in uniting the major Presbyterian Churches, but also in establishing a cooperative relationship between Church and State. The Church of Scotland, itseemed, was again in a position to assert national leadership.
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Turpie, Tom. "A monk from Melrose? St Cuthbert and the Scots in the later middle ages, c. 1371–1560". Innes Review 62, n.º 1 (maio de 2011): 47–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/inr.2011.0004.
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During the early and central middle ages St Cuthbert of Durham (d. 687) was arguably the most important local saint in northern England and southern Scotland. His cult encompassed a region approximately corresponding to the ancient kingdom of Northumbria. While Scottish devotion to the saint in that period has been well researched, the later medieval cult in Scotland has been surprisingly little studied. Following the outbreak of Anglo-Scottish warfare in 1296 a series of English monarchs, the Durham clergy and local political leaders identified Cuthbert with military victories over the Scots. Several historians have assumed that this association between Cuthbert and English arms led to the decline of his cult in Scotland. This article surveys the various manifestations of devotion to St Cuthbert in late medieval Scotland in order to reappraise the role of the saint and his cult north of the border in the later middle ages.
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Forde, Christine, Margery McMahon e Beth Dickson. "Leadership Development in Scotland: after Donaldson". Scottish Educational Review 43, n.º 2 (27 de março de 2011): 55–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/27730840-04302005.
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This article examines a number of issues related to the question of 'next practice' in leadership development in Scotland. Educational policy in Scotland recognises the importance of leadership and has some well developed programmes of leadership development but these are by no means comprehensive nor will these be necessarily sufficient to meet the changing role of leaders in education. This article raises a number of questions in order to consider what 'next practice' might be in leadership development in Scotland. The article begins by placing the question of leadership in the wider policy context and then examines a number of issues relating to the leadership continuum, approaches to leadership development and the relationship between leadership and pupil learning.
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Brown, Stewart J. "‘A Victory for God’: The Scottish Presbyterian Churches and the General Strike of 1926". Journal of Ecclesiastical History 42, n.º 4 (outubro de 1991): 596–617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046900000531.
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During the final months of the First World War, the General Assemblies of the two major Presbyterian Churches in Scotland - the established Church of Scotland and the voluntary United Free Church - committed themselves to work for the thorough re- construction of Scottish society. Church leaders promised to work for a new Christian commonwealth, ending the social divisions and class hatred that had plagued pre-war Scottish industrial society. Bound together through the shared sacrifice of the war, the Scottish people would be brought back to the social teachings of Christianity and strive together to realise the Kingdom of God. The Churches would end their deference to the laws of nineteenth-century political economy, with their emphasis on individualism, self-interest and competition, and embrace new impera- tives of collective responsibility and co-operation. Along with the healing of social divisions, church leaders also pledged to end the ecclesiastical divisions in Scottish Presbyterianism. The final months of the war brought a revival of the pre-war movement to unite the Church of Scotland and the United Free Church into a single National Church, and Scottish ecclesiastical leaders held forth to a weary nation the vision of a united National Church leading a covenanted Christian commonwealth in pursuit of social justice and harmony.
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Foster, Trudy Lynn, e Paul Bowie. "Professional values and behaviours of younger and older general practitioners in Scotland: a cross-sectional survey". BMJ Leader 4, n.º 2 (19 de fevereiro de 2020): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/leader-2019-000138.
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AimProfessionalism has been linked with improved patient care and reduced complaints. Our goal was to define what, if any, differences exist in the professional values and behaviours of younger general practitioners (GPs), those aged 34 years and under, compared with their older colleagues, those being aged 55 years and over.MethodAn online cross-sectional questionnaire survey of GPs in Scotland was undertaken during 2018 using a modified version of the Nijmegen Professionalism Scale, which comprises 4 domains: professionalism towards patients, towards colleagues, towards society and towards oneself. Descriptive and inferential data analysis was undertaken between responses from both GP groups.Results273 responses were obtained. Of these, 106 respondents were classed as either younger GPs (n=55; 51.9%) or older (n=51; 48.1%). The greatest number of differences were found in the Professional Distance subsection of professionalism towards patients. The greatest single disparity in responses was to distinguish between personal and professional interests in negotiations (p<0.0001). Younger GPs also reported they were less likely to bear the consequences of their own actions (p<0.02) and to be more likely to give others the blame or responsibility (p<0.006). Younger GPs report being less skilled in quality management, being less able to signal suboptimal care (p<0.006) and justify indications for making home visits (p<0.001).ConclusionWhile there were areas of similarity in relation to collaborating with colleagues, reflection on learning and dealing with emotions, differences were identified in relation to the 5 other subsections. Some differences may be explained by lack of exposure and experience, but this may not account for all the differences reported.
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Langley, Chris R. "Sheltering under the Covenant: The National Covenant, Orthodoxy and the Irish Rebellion, 1638–1644". Scottish Historical Review 96, n.º 2 (outubro de 2017): 137–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/shr.2017.0333.
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The Irish rebellion of October 1641 drove large numbers of clerical migrants across the Irish Sea to Scotland. These ministers brought news of protestantism's plight in Ireland, petitions for charitable aid and, in many cases, requests to work as preachers in Scotland. Historians have long recognised the social and religious links between Ireland and Scotland in the mid-seventeenth century and have seen these men as part of a wider effort to establish presbyterianism across Britain and Ireland. Such an argument fails to understand the complexity of mid-seventeenth-century presbyterianism. This paper explores these petitions for work and the less-than-enthusiastic response of ecclesiastical authorities in Scotland. Rather than automatically embracing Irish ministers as fellow presbyterians, the covenanted kirk leadership was aware that the infant presbyterian congregations in Ireland had followed a very different course to their own. Rather than fellow sufferers for Christ's cause, or part of a wider covenanted network, kirk leaders needed to assess Irish ministers for their godly credentials.
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Allan, Graham. "Career learning in schools in Scotland past, present and future". Journal of the National Institute for Career Education and Counselling 35, n.º 1 (1 de outubro de 2015): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.20856/jnicec.3507.
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Career education has never been statutory in Scotland but has nonetheless been subject to the ebb and flow of government policy. At times this has been helpful, generating funding, guidelines and advice. However, government engagement has also been characterised by short-termism and, often, wasteful repetition. In Scotland, by 20 IS, there will be a model that is underpinned by several new policy initiatives, one which locates learning about life and work within the curriculum, and one which provides more robust quality assurance arrangements. This could be the makings of a concerted national effort to improve career learning or yet another short-term initiative that eventually leaves us back where we started.
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Brown, Michael. "Aristocratic Politics and the Crisis of Scottish Kingship, 1286–96". Scottish Historical Review 90, n.º 1 (abril de 2011): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/shr.2011.0002.
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In the ten years from 1286 Scotland experienced a crisis of royal succession and sovereignty which by 1296 seemed to have left it a conquered land in the hands of the English king. The activities of Scotland's leading magnates and prelates in this period have been analysed in terms of the divisive effects of a disputed royal succession and of the defence of collective liberties as a self-conscious community of the realm. However, as with political crises in other medieval realms, the leaders of this community also acted as individual lords with concerns of land, lordship and office. Such concerns were normal features of political life but between 1286 and 1296 had to be resolved in exceptional circumstances of interregnum and the loss of sovereignty. Events which derived from the interplay of aristocratic politics included the murder of Duncan, earl of Fife, the legal dispute over the lands of Macduff and rivalries between leading Hebridean lords. Issues like these fed into and shaped the issues confronting the Scottish guardians and King John and were significant elements in the crisis which engulfed the realm.
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Robinson, Sarah, e Ron Kerr. "Women leaders in the political field in Scotland: A socio-historical approach to the emergence of leaders". Leadership 14, n.º 6 (29 de maio de 2017): 662–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1742715017710592.
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Drawing on a contextualised case, we present a specific approach to leadership studies that brings together history, sociology and politics. We start with the following event. In August 2015, the election of Kezia Dugdale as leader of the Labour Party meant that, for the first time the leaders of the three main political parties in the Scottish Parliament were women. We approach the study of this significant leadership event, first, through a critique of aspects of leadership studies as a field. We next consider the potential for socio-historical approaches in understanding this event. Then, as a contextualised example of this alternative approach to studying leadership, we apply Bourdieu’s theoretical concepts – in particular the political field – in order to historicise the conditions of possibility of this event. Finally, we consider issues of power and gender in relation to how the leaders position themselves in relation to their parties and to each other within the political field. In so doing, we contribute to critical leadership studies by developing and demonstrating a socio-historical approach that can help us to identify processes of organisation and change in relation to the emergence of leaders.
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Chen, Yijun, Xu He, Lei Lu e Xiaoxiao Gao. "In a team forgiveness climate, the influence of paradoxical thinking of leaders on the team voice behavior: Mediated by team cooperation". PLOS ONE 17, n.º 3 (15 de março de 2022): e0265018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265018.
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In order to clarify the influence of the paradoxical thinking of leaders on team voice behavior, a moderating mediation model was constructed to explore the mediating role of team cooperation and the moderating effect of team forgiveness climate based on the social exchange theory. Based on the "leader-employee" matching data of 477 employees from 101 teams, SPSS (Statistic Package for Social Science) and AMOS (a macro-micro model of Scotland) were used to analyze the three-stage data linear regression. The research conclusions indicate that: (1) The paradoxical thinking of leaders positively affects team voice behavior; (2) Team cooperation plays a completely mediating role in the relationship between the paradoxical thinking of leaders and team voice behavior; (3) The team forgiveness climate positively moderates the relationship between the paradoxical thinking of leaders and team cooperation, which means that their positive relationship is stronger in a higher forgiveness climate; (4) The team forgiveness climate moderates the mediating role of team cooperation between the paradoxical thinking of leaders and team voice behavior. Compared with a lower forgiveness climate, this moderating mediating effect is significant at a higher forgiveness level. This study clarifies the connection of the paradoxical thinking of leaders to the team voice behavior through team cooperation and has practical insights into how a team forgiveness climate promotes the team voice behavior.
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Pearson, Andrew, Christina Ryan e Ronald MacVicar. "Preliminary programme evaluation of the Scottish Clinical Leadership Fellowship". BMJ Leader 2, n.º 1 (13 de janeiro de 2018): 40–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/leader-2017-000038.
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BackgroundThe Scottish Clinical Leadership Fellowship (SCLF) is a 1-year programme to help medical and dental specialty trainees develop as future clinical leaders for the National Health Service (NHS) in Scotland. This preliminary programme evaluation combines qualitative and quantitative data from the 2016/2017 SCLF cohort. It will lay the foundation for a future more detailed evaluation study.MethodsData from written reflections were combined with accounts from a residential day and results of an anonymous survey. The survey considered the various personal development activities of the SCLF and how fellows’ perspectives had changed over the year. Results were thematically analysed.ResultsThe 2016/2017 cohort comprised 12 doctors. Fellows were left with highly positive views of the SCLF and their ability to influence their NHS organisation on return to practice. Personal reflections were assessed in six different themes, while the lessons fellows identified felt would shape their future clinical careers centred around personal behaviour, how fellows interacted with teams and their organisation, and improved leadership skills in general.ConclusionThis preliminary programme evaluation is the first such exercise completed on the SCLF. The highly positive findings have helped shape the programme for the subsequent cohort and will inform a future more detailed evaluation study.
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McMullan, Alison. "‘Unlocking confidence and capability to release the leader within’ Part 1: Overview of the programme". DCP-S Review 1, n.º 19 (2019): 18–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsdcps.2019.1.19.18.
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Following on from Saffron Dickinson’s personal refection on the DCP leadership development programme in our last issue, DCP-Scotland ChairAlison McMullanprovides an overview of the programme’s development and her reflections on the overall experience.
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Brown, Stewart J. "‘A Solemn Purification by Fire’: Responses to the Great War in the Scottish Presbyterian Churches, 1914–19". Journal of Ecclesiastical History 45, n.º 1 (janeiro de 1994): 82–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046900016444.
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During the Great War, leaders in the two major Presbyterian Churches in Scotland – the established Church of Scotland and the United Free Church – struggled to provide moral and spiritual leadership to the Scottish people. As National Churches which together claimed the adherence of the large majority of the Scottish people, the two Churches were seen as responsible for interpreting the meaning of the war and defining war aims, as well as for offering consolation to the suffering and the bereaved. At the beginning of the war, leaders of the two Churches had been confident of their ability to fulfil these national responsibilities. Both Churches had experienced a flowering of theological and intellectual creativity during the forty years before the war, and their colleges and theologians had exercised profound influence on the Reformed tradition throughout the world. Both had been active in the ‘social gospel’ movement, with their leaders advancing bold criticisms of the social order. The two Churches, moreover, had been moving toward ecclesiastical union when the war began, a union which their leaders hoped would restore the spiritual and moral authority of the Church in a covenanted nation.
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Knowles, Kristen K., e Anthony C. Little. "Leadership perception in candidate faces: Scotland's unionists prefer dominant leaders, and so do nationalists – but only if they are economic pessimists". Scottish Affairs 28, n.º 4 (novembro de 2019): 434–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/scot.2019.0297.
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Voters rely on many cues to make decisions about who to vote for, and the appearance of a potential leader can play an important part in this decision-making process. When choosing leaders, it is thought that voters make ‘fit-to-task’ voting decisions, for example, exhibiting a preference for masculine-looking leaders in hypothetical wartime scenarios, when masculine behavioural characteristics would be most valued. Here, we examine face preferences within a sample of Scottish voters during the campaign for the 2014 Scottish independence referendum. Subjects were presented with masculinised and feminised versions of faces in a forced-choice experimental task to select their preferred face in a hypothetical national election. No voters (those who voted to maintain the Union) chose more masculine-faced hypothetical leaders than Yes voters (those who voted in favour of an independent Scotland); effect sizes observed were medium. Within Yes voters, economic concern was related to a preference for masculine faces, but for No voters, economic outlook did not relate to face preferences. These findings underscore the importance of real-world socio-political contexts in psychology research, particularly that concerning the public perception of different leadership prototypes. Implications in the current Scottish context are discussed.
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Christie, Beth, Pete Higgins, Betsy King, Mary Collacott, Katie Kirk e Heidi Smith. "From rhetoric to reality: Examining the policy vision and the professional process of enacting Learning for Sustainability in Scottish schools." Scottish Educational Review 51, n.º 1 (27 de março de 2019): 44–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/27730840-05101006.
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Learning for Sustainability (LfS), as conceived by Education Scotland and the General Teaching Council for Scotland (GTCS), spans all curricular areas and it is positioned as the responsibility of all - teachers, learners and educational leaders (Scottish Government 2016). Yet, such comprehensiveness has the potential to render the term and its purpose equivocal and perfunctory. Our experience working with teachers in this area suggests that the concept and term ‘Learning for Sustainability’ are not widely understood, leading teachers to raise questions about the relevance of LfS policy in relation to their everyday professional practice. Beginning from this position our paper explores the tension between the policy vision and the professional reality. We follow three lines of enquiry: first, we outline the existing policy architecture in Scotland; second, we examine the basic understanding of the terminology and conceptual understanding of LfS across Scotland through a recent study conducted by Kirk (2017); third, we review a professional learning programme we have developed and deployed across Scotland. We suggest four key areas for change that would support the enactment of LfS within Scottish schools and so realise some of the potential the LfS agenda affords - namely, high quality professional learning, motivated staff working with others, interdisciplinary learning tailored to the needs of the students, and leadership within a clear strategic framework. We conclude with a note of caution, that although there is evidence that LfS can have a positive impact on attainment, helping learners to strive towards ‘sustainable futures’ is too important to be reduced to the current narrow national focus on attainment outcomes.
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Gunter, Helen. "Teacher Leadership: Challenges and Opportunities". Scottish Educational Review 37, n.º 3 (13 de março de 2006): 114–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/27730840-03703010.
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The modernisation of education in England is premised within policy texts on a hierarchy of organisational leaders from teachers through to the headteacher, and as such they lead and do leading in order to impact on learner outcomes within a marketised system. Alternatively policy in Scotland has a stronger sense of the public, and as such the teacher and their work with learners is being reformed in ways that are consistent with notions of consultation and development. The paper asks questions about the intellectual resources that teachers could draw on to develop their identities within a modernising system, and argues that teachers in England and Scotland would both benefit from work on teacher leadership located in pedagogic relationships.
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Dunn, Peter. "Forsaking their ‘own flesh and blood’? Ulster unionism, Scotland and home rule, 1886–1914". Irish Historical Studies 37, n.º 146 (novembro de 2010): 203–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021121400002224.
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Writing to a ‘Friend in Scotland’, in 1888, the Rev. Hugh Hanna declared: ‘it is the duty of Christian people in these lands to do the best they can for all parts of the United Kingdom’. Having explained why Irish Protestants were opposed to home rule, he then asked how anysection of Scotch Presbyterians should support that policy, and array itself in antagoism to their kinsmen in Ireland? Is it possible that political partisanship can dominate all the considerations of a common lineage and a common faith, and that any part of Scotland would forsake its own flesh and blood to promote the policy and restore the power of a fallen leader ...?
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Penman, Michael. "The Declaration of Arbroath: Georgian Editions, Libraries and Readers, and Scotland’s ‘Radical War’ of 1820". Scottish Historical Review 101, n.º 3 (dezembro de 2022): 491–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/shr.2022.0580.
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This paper explores an aspect of the legacy of the Declaration of Arbroath and expands upon earlier research into tensions surrounding the commemorations in 1814 of the battle of Bannockburn. It considers the evidence for connections between those radical artisans and their leaders who attempted to rouse popular insurrection in 1820, Scotland’s so-called ‘radical war’, and Bruce’s now-celebrated missive to the papacy of 6 April 1320, five centuries before. Did the armed workers moving on Carron Shore Iron Foundry on 5 April 1820, routed by troops at Bonnymuir, seek to coincide with the Declaration’s anniversary? To what extent was the radicals’ own declaration, the Address to the Inhabitants of Great Britain and Ireland, influenced by the text of 1320? If so, did this represent a continuation, a renewal or a debut for the Declaration as an inspiration for popular political participation in modern times? A survey of the holdings of early working-class subscription, circulation and public libraries in central Scotland c. 1790– c. 1830 can be made to identify both known and previously unnoticed published works which reproduced, translated and/or discussed the Declaration, as well as any radicalised readers. This reveals public awareness of Arbroath in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries to have been potentially far more widespread than hitherto recognised by historians, if still marginal as a catalyst to political agitation.
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Galtier, Jean, e Andrew C. Scott. "Arborescent gymnosperms from the Viséan of East Kirkton, West Lothian, Scotland". Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 84, n.º 3-4 (1993): 261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263593300006076.
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ABSTRACTPlants of gymnospermous affinities are the most important component of the flora at East Kirkton. Four genera of anatomically preserved gymnosperm stems with well developed secondary xylem are interpreted as arborescent. The largest specimens (trunks up to 50 cm in diameter) are attributed to the genus Pitus. Features of the wood, including ray size, are characteristic of the species Pitus withamii Lindley & Hutton which has long been described from the Strathclyde (former Oil-Shale) Group of Scotland. Decorticated axes of Eristophyton fasciculare are more common; their study has enlarged our concept of the species with regard to maximum diameter, internode length and phloem organisation. Similarly, the decorticated specimens of Bilignea solida Kidston found at East Kirkton exceed in diameter the original material described from Ayrshire. The fourth taxon is Stanwoodia recently described by Galtier and Scott (1991). In all these plants, features of leaf traces suggest that leaves were relatively large and densely borne on ultimate branches. These leaves were shed ultimately, prior to a later phase of wood development; they certainly correspond to (? most of) the compression foliage commonly found in association: Sphenopteridium, Adiantites and Spathulopteris.
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Robertson, Chris. "Protecting the leaders-syndromic surveillance for the G8 summit in Scotland". Significance 3, n.º 2 (junho de 2006): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-9713.2006.00164.x.
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Collen, P., E. J. Keay e B. R. S. Morrison. "Processing of pine (Pinus sylvestris) and birch (Betula pubescens) leaf material in a small river system in the northern Cairngorms, Scotland". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 8, n.º 3 (30 de junho de 2004): 567–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-8-567-2004.
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Abstract. Processing rates, and macroinvertebrate colonisation, of pine needles and birch leaves were studied at eight sites on the river Nethy, a small river system in the Cairngorm region of north-eastern Scotland. Throughout this river system, processing rates were slow for pine (k values 0.0015-0.0034 day-1) and medium to fast for birch (k values 0.0085-0.0331 day-1). Plecopteran shredders dominated both pine and birch leaf packs during the early part of the experiment while chironomids were more important in the latter stages. It is suggested that the slow processing rate of pine needles could adversely affect the productivity of streams, particularly where needles provide the major allochthonous energy source and retentive features are limited. Forest managers should consider this when creating new pinewoods in treeless areas as it will take many years for the trees to reach a size at which they can effectively contribute retentive features, in the form of woody debris, to streams. Keywords: leaf processing, pine needles, shredders, Pinus sylvestris, Betula pubescens, Scotland.
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Lingiah, Jason. "General Assembly of the Church of Scotland". Ecclesiastical Law Journal 24, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2022): 88–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x21000600.
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The General Assembly of the Church met in a ‘blended’ form, based at the Assembly Hall, from 22 May to 27 May. The Moderator on this occasion was an elder, rather than a minister, but with the distinction of being Lord Wallace of Tankerness PC QC FRSE, a Liberal Democrat life peer since 2007, who served as the Deputy First Minister of Scotland from 1999 to 2005. He was formerly Leader of the Scottish Liberal Democrats from 1992 to 2005 and of the Liberal Democrats in the House of Lords from 2013 to 2016. He also served as a Member of Parliament for Orkney and Shetland from 1983 to 2001 and a Member of the Scottish Parliament for Orkney from 1999 to 2007. He was Advocate General for Scotland in the Westminster Government from 2010 to 2015.
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Scott, Kenneth B. "Selecting Scotland's Police Leaders: A ‘Crisis' Revisited". Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles 83, n.º 4 (dezembro de 2010): 325–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1350/pojo.2010.83.4.508.
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Martin, Denise, e Andrew Wooff. "Treading the Front-Line: Tartanization and Police–Academic Partnerships". Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice 14, n.º 2 (11 de setembro de 2018): 325–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/police/pay065.
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Abstract Recognized as an International Leader in the development of Police Academic Collaborations, the Scottish Institute of Police Research has had a key role in contributing to evidence-based approaches in policing, supporting a strategic approach to innovation, as well as, contributing to education, professional development, and organizational learning. The aim of this article is to examine the particular relevance of this partnership in shaping both the recent professionalization and educational agenda of policing in Scotland. It will critically explore these collaborative efforts, particularly in relation to the development of Higher Educational Routes into the service and suggest that while there are benefits to this partnership approach, a co-operative rather than collaborative style emerged in this specific case study. The potential reasons for this co-operative approach as well as the implications for the development of Higher Education routes for police officers in Scotland will be discussed.
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Wilson, Allan. "Roman Penetration in Strathclyde South of the Antonine Wall PART TWO: ROMANIZATION". Glasgow Archaeological Journal 20, n.º 1 (janeiro de 1996): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/gas.1996.20.20.1.
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Summary It will be shown that at the time of Roman conquest, the Damnonii in Strathclyde consisted probably of a decentralised grouping of tribesmen whose political fragmentation is evidenced by their ubiquitous smallscale structures. Some form of hierarchical society is indicated with wealth based on ownership of land and stock and mixed farming the basic element in an embedded economy. Archaeological evidence suggests the Damnonii may have undergone a degree of agricultural revolution in the pre-Roman Iron Age sufficient to meet the demands of an invading and standing army. Roman finds clearly datable to the 1st century AD have been found on only three native sites at the extremities of the area under investigation, their presence suggesting not casual drift from Roman to native, but deliberate Roman policy to control the Damnonii through a few leaders rewarded with Roman patronage. The points of contact are widened in the 2nd century AD. Bearing in mind that Romanization in southern Scotland is different from that of the fully Romanized province of southern Britain and that Roman occupation in Scotland was relatively brief and essentially military, southern Scotland in effect being a frontier zone, it will be shown that the degree of Romanization is not insignificant and Romanization itself may even have gained momentum after the departure of the Roman army. An examination of the finds from Buiston crannog shows elements of continuity as well as discontinuity with Roman culture and technology. Perhaps the clearest expression of Romanization in the longer term, is the emergence of the Romano-British church in the Early Historic period in south-west Scotland.
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Cunningham, James, Claire Seaman e David McGuire. "Perceptions of Knowledge Sharing Among Small Family Firm Leaders: A Structural Equation Model". Family Business Review 30, n.º 2 (28 de dezembro de 2016): 160–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0894486516682667.
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Small family firms have many unique relational qualities with implications for how knowledge is passed between individuals. Extant literature posits leadership approach as important in explaining differences in knowledge-sharing climate from one firm to another. This study investigates how leadership approaches interact with family influence to inform perceptions of knowledge sharing. We utilize survey data ( n = 110) from owner-managers of knowledge-intensive small family firms in Scotland. Our findings present a choice in leadership intention, contrasting organization-focused participation against family-influenced guidance. Insight is offered on the implications of this leadership choice at both organizational and familial levels.
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Groff, Jennifer, Cathrin Howells e Sue Cranmer. "Console Game-Based Pedagogy". International Journal of Game-Based Learning 2, n.º 2 (abril de 2012): 35–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijgbl.2012040103.
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The main focus of this research project was to identify the educational benefits of console game-based learning in primary and secondary schools. The project also sought to understand how the benefits of educational gaming could transfer to other settings. For this purpose, research was carried out in classrooms in Scotland to explore learning with games played on games consoles, such as PlayStation, Xbox, and Wii. Interviews were carried out with school leaders, classroom teachers, and students in 19 schools and followed up by a series of lesson observations in four of these schools. Findings include significant impact on students’ performance and engagement, as well as strong support from participating teachers and school leaders.
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Osmond, John. "Three Welsh Leaders in Search of a Constitutional Future for their Country". Scottish Affairs 24, n.º 4 (novembro de 2015): 463–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/scot.2015.0097.
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In the immediate wake of the 2015 general election Leanne Wood, leader of Plaid Cymru, Stephen Crabb, the Conservative Secretary of State for Wales, and Carwyn Jones, Labour's First Minister in the Welsh Government, all made interventions in the constitutional debate about the future of the United Kingdom. Leanne Wood recalibrated her party's position on independence to advocate a UK confederation. Carwyn Jones pressed the case for a federation. And Stephen Crabb said the present devolution arrangements should be extended and given greater coherence. In making their arguments all three underlined how strongly they were influenced by developments in Scotland. But all three will have to confront the realities of English governance if the changes they are supporting are to have any chance of being implemented.
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Reid, John H., e Andrew Nicholson. "Burnswark Hill: the opening shot of the Antonine reconquest of Scotland?" Journal of Roman Archaeology 32 (2019): 459–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047759419000230.
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This paper represents an interim report of the Burnswark Project that has utilised the techniques of battlefield archaeology to locate and accurately identify missiles across a substantial field of conflict in SW Scotland. The distribution, characteristics, dating and proposed historical context of these missiles are argued to support their use in a dramatic episode of ‘exemplary force’ by the Roman army. The magnitude of the event might be seen to be compatible with an emperor establishing his legitimacy as a military leader.
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Martynenko, Ekaterina A. "Emblems of Scotland in Alasdair Gray’s Fiction". Proceedings of Southern Federal University. Philology 25, n.º 3 (30 de setembro de 2021): 102–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/1995-0640-2021-3-102-113.
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Alasdair Gray is one of the most influential post-war Scottish writer along with Muriel Spark, Robin Jenkins, and James Kelman. He is wellknown not only as a contemporary novelist, intellectual, and esthete but also as a political activist and a Scottish independence supporter. Although his novels are written exclusively in English, they are characterized with a strong national flavor and are inspired by the ideas of the eminent Scottish scientists, philosophers, and community leaders. The article dwells on the analysis of Scottish national emblem in Alasdair Gray’s fiction. This emblem manifests itself through female nation figures, which were first used in Scottish nationalist discourse by Hugh MacDiarmid and Lewis Grassic Gibbon during the period of Scottish Literary Renaissance. One of the most recurrent themes in Alasdair Gray’s fiction are female suffering and entrapment, which serve as political allegories of the national inferiority complex («Scottish cringe») and subordinate position within the United Kingdom. Thus, the writer strives to include Scotland into the post-colonial framework. In order to re-imagine Scottish nation figure Alasdair Gray addresses both the literary tradition and the latest feminist ideas of his time. Unlike other contemporary Scottish writers who tend to present this figure as a passive victim of political injustice, Alasdair Gray intentionally makes her initiative and active non-victim. She is also constructed as a female monster, which alludes to discrepancy between country’s rich history and its «young» parliament.
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Bishop, Paul, Esperanza Muñoz-Salinas, Angus B. MacKenzie, Ian Pulford e Jan McKibbin. "The character, volume and implications of sediment impounded in mill dams in Scotland: the case of the Baldernock Mill dam in East Dunbartonshire". Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 101, n.º 2 (junho de 2010): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755691010009205.
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ABSTRACTReservoir sedimentation provides a valuable source of data on sediment flux. This paper assesses the record of sedimentation in the Baldernock Mill dam, a small mill dam in western Scotland. That record is based on the volume of sediment in the dam, and the detailed analysis of a continuously sampled stratigraphic section through the impounded sediment, with a chronology for mill dam construction and subsequent breaching based on historical maps and the impounded sediment’s content of 137Cs and lead isotopes. The mill dam was constructed in c. 1820, was initially partially breached in the late nineteenth or early twentieth century and then fully breached by about the mid 1920s. The dam trapped relatively low volumes of sediment and the correspondingly low rate of sediment flux indicated by the volume of impounded sediment reflects the dam’s very low trap efficiency. The basal Unit 1 in the impounded sediments was deposited between dam construction and the initial breaching of the wall. The unit consists of repeated ‘triplets’ of a basal sand (flood deposit) grading upwards into a mud deposit (post-flood deposition), which is in turn overlain by an organic-rich layer of leaves and twigs (the subsequent autumn leaf fall). Unit 2 is similar to Unit 1 but lacks the organic layer, indicating the lack of ongoing standing water to trap the autumn leaf fall, and Unit 3 was deposited after full breaching of the wall. Mill dams in Scotland generally impound small steep bedrock channels – the latter reflecting a strong glacial legacy in Scotland – and are only small structures designed to ensure water for mills during dry periods in a climate of otherwise generally moderate to high and reliable rainfall. The small sizes of these dams and their low wall heights mean that they trap relatively low volumes of sediment that have minimal to minor downstream impacts if the dams fail.
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Blythe, Stuart McLeod. "George Calling: A Rhetorical Analysis of Four Broadcast Sermons Preached by the Rev. George F. MacLeod from Govan in 1934". Religions 13, n.º 5 (6 de maio de 2022): 420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel13050420.
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George F. MacLeod was one of the most significant Church leaders in twentieth-century Scotland. He advocated parish renewal and mission within the Church of Scotland and founded the Iona Community. His contributions to the Church received national and international recognition. His notable strengths included the quality and popularity of his preaching. Be this as it may, there has been little detailed and systematic analysis of his sermons. This article provides an in-depth rhetorical analysis of four of his sermons. These four sermons were delivered in 1934 from Govan and broadcast on the radio. These sermons were chosen because Govan was a particularly formative context for MacLeod, 1934 was a significant year, and his radio preaching reflected and extended his wider popularity. This analysis drawing of the rhetorical codes of homiletician John S. McClure explores the nature of MacLeod’s popular radio preaching in terms of how he used Scripture, language, expressed theology, and interacted with culture. It demonstrates that MacLeod’s preaching was kerygmatic, image-driven, realistic but hopeful, and dialectically portrayed aspects of culture as sources of divine revelation.
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Smith, Ian, Estelle Brisard e Ian Menter. "Partnership in Initial Teacher Education in Scotland 1990–2005: Unresolved Tensions". Scottish Educational Review 37, n.º 3 (13 de março de 2006): 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/27730840-03703003.
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The Second Stage Review of Initial Teacher Education (ITE) in Scotland leaves unresolved fundamental issues about ‘partnership’ within ITE. These have been sources of tension facing Scottish Higher Education (HE) providers attempting to develop models of partnership with schools and education authorities. This paper seeks to demonstrate a significant body of opinion among Scottish HE providers from the early 1990s wishing to progress innovation on partnership. It is suggested that the main barriers to innovation were the resistance of Scottish schoolteachers to accepting formalised, enhanced roles and responsibilities within partnership, and the failure of Scottish Ministers and administrations to place sustained discussion of underlying issues of partnership sufficiently high on the political agenda. The paper concludes that it will be essential to return to more fundamental discussion of the respective roles and responsibilities of HE staff and school staff within ITE partnership, and that the perspectives of research must be applied in such discussion.