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Zhu, Guangming, Siyuan Wang, Tianci Wu, and Liang Zhang. "Enhance Sketch Recognition’s Explainability via Semantic Component-Level Parsing." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 38, no. 7 (2024): 7731–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v38i7.28607.
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Free-hand sketches are appealing for humans as a universal tool to depict the visual world. Humans can recognize varied sketches of a category easily by identifying the concurrence and layout of the intrinsic semantic components of the category, since humans draw free-hand sketches based a common consensus that which types of semantic components constitute each sketch category. For example, an airplane should at least have a fuselage and wings. Based on this analysis, a semantic component-level memory module is constructed and embedded in the proposed structured sketch recognition network in this paper. The memory keys representing semantic components of each sketch category can be self-learned and enhance the recognition network's explainability. Our proposed networks can deal with different situations of sketch recognition, i.e., with or without semantic components labels of strokes. Experiments on the SPG and SketchIME datasets demonstrate the memory module's flexibility and the recognition network's explainability. The code and data are available at https://github.com/GuangmingZhu/SketchESC.
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Liu, Chenxi, Toshiki Aoki, Mikhail Bessmeltsev, and Alla Sheffer. "StripMaker: Perception-driven Learned Vector Sketch Consolidation." ACM Transactions on Graphics 42, no. 4 (2023): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3592130.
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Artist sketches often use multiple overdrawn strokes to depict a single intended curve. Humans effortlessly mentally consolidate such sketches by detecting groups of overdrawn strokes and replacing them with the corresponding intended curves. While this mental process is near instantaneous, manually annotating or retracing sketches to communicate this intended mental image is highly time consuming; yet most sketch applications are not designed to handle overdrawing and can only operate on overdrawing-free, consolidated sketches. We propose StripMaker , a new and robust learning based method for automatic consolidation of raw vector sketches. We avoid the need for an unsustainably large manually annotated learning corpus by leveraging observations about artist workflow and perceptual cues viewers employ when mentally consolidating sketches. We train two perception-aware classifiers that assess the likelihood that a pair of stroke groups jointly depicts the same intended curve: our first classifier is purely local and only accounts for the properties of the evaluated strokes; our second classifier incorporates global context and is designed to operate on approximately consolidated sketches. We embed these classifiers within a consolidation framework that leverages artist workflow: we first process strokes in the order they were drawn and use our local classifier to arrive at an approximate consolidation output, then use the contextual classifier to refine this output and finalize the consolidated result. We validate StripMaker by comparing its results to manual consolidation outputs and algorithmic alternatives. StripMaker achieves comparable performance to manual consolidation. In a comparative study participants preferred our results by a 53% margin over those of the closest algorithmic alternative (67% versus 14%, other/neither 19%).
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Bai, Jing, Mengjie Wang, and Dexin Kong. "Deep Common Semantic Space Embedding for Sketch-Based 3D Model Retrieval." Entropy 21, no. 4 (2019): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21040369.
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Sketch-based 3D model retrieval has become an important research topic in many applications, such as computer graphics and computer-aided design. Although sketches and 3D models have huge interdomain visual perception discrepancies, and sketches of the same object have remarkable intradomain visual perception diversity, the 3D models and sketches of the same class share common semantic content. Motivated by these findings, we propose a novel approach for sketch-based 3D model retrieval by constructing a deep common semantic space embedding using triplet network. First, a common data space is constructed by representing every 3D model as a group of views. Second, a common modality space is generated by translating views to sketches according to cross entropy evaluation. Third, a common semantic space embedding for two domains is learned based on a triplet network. Finally, based on the learned features of sketches and 3D models, four kinds of distance metrics between sketches and 3D models are designed, and sketch-based 3D model retrieval results are achieved. The experimental results using the Shape Retrieval Contest (SHREC) 2013 and SHREC 2014 datasets reveal the superiority of our proposed method over state-of-the-art methods.
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Zhang, Meifan, Hongzhi Wang, Jianzhong Li, and Hong Gao. "Learned sketches for frequency estimation." Information Sciences 507 (January 2020): 365–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2019.08.045.
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Medeiros, Leandro C., David S. Aleixo, and Levi H. S. Lelis. "What Can We Learn Even from the Weakest? Learning Sketches for Programmatic Strategies." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 36, no. 7 (2022): 7761–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v36i7.20744.
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In this paper we show that behavioral cloning can be used to learn effective sketches of programmatic strategies. We show that even the sketches learned by cloning the behavior of weak players can help the synthesis of programmatic strategies. This is because even weak players can provide helpful information, e.g., that a player must choose an action in their turn of the game. If behavioral cloning is not employed, the synthesizer needs to learn even the most basic information by playing the game, which can be computationally expensive. We demonstrate empirically the advantages of our sketch-learning approach with simulated annealing and UCT synthesizers. We evaluate our synthesizers in the games of Can't Stop and MicroRTS. The sketch-based synthesizers are able to learn stronger programmatic strategies than their original counterparts. Our synthesizers generate strategies of Can't Stop that defeat a traditional programmatic strategy for the game. They also synthesize strategies that defeat the best performing method from the latest MicroRTS competition.
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Zhao, Honggang, Mingyue Liu, and Mingyong Li. "Feature Fusion and Metric Learning Network for Zero-Shot Sketch-Based Image Retrieval." Entropy 25, no. 3 (2023): 502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25030502.
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Zero-shot sketch-based image retrieval (ZS-SBIR) is an important computer vision problem. The image category in the test phase is a new category that was not visible in the training stage. Because sketches are extremely abstract, the commonly used backbone networks (such as VGG-16 and ResNet-50) cannot handle both sketches and photos. Semantic similarities between the same features in photos and sketches are difficult to reflect in deep models without textual assistance. To solve this problem, we propose a novel and effective feature embedding model called Attention Map Feature Fusion (AMFF). The AMFF model combines the excellent feature extraction capability of the ResNet-50 network with the excellent representation ability of the attention network. By processing the residuals of the ResNet-50 network, the attention map is finally obtained without introducing external semantic knowledge. Most previous approaches treat the ZS-SBIR problem as a classification problem, which ignores the huge domain gap between sketches and photos. This paper proposes an effective method to optimize the entire network, called domain-aware triplets (DAT). Domain feature discrimination and semantic feature embedding can be learned through DAT. In this paper, we also use the classification loss function to stabilize the training process to avoid getting trapped in a local optimum. Compared with the state-of-the-art methods, our method shows a superior performance. For example, on the Tu-berlin dataset, we achieved 61.2 + 1.2% Prec200. On the Sketchy_c100 dataset, we achieved 62.3 + 3.3% mAPall and 75.5 + 1.5% Prec100.
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Miano, Sebastiano, Xiaoqi Chen, Ran Ben Basat, and Gianni Antichi. "Fast In-kernel Traffic Sketching in eBPF." ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review 53, no. 1 (2023): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3594255.3594256.
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The extended Berkeley Packet Filter (eBPF) is an infrastructure that allows to dynamically load and run micro-programs directly in the Linux kernel without recompiling it. In this work, we study how to develop high-performance network measurements in eBPF. We take sketches as case-study, given their ability to support a wide-range of tasks while providing low-memory footprint and accuracy guarantees. We implemented NitroSketch, the state-of-the-art sketch for user-space networking and show that best practices in user-space networking cannot be directly applied to eBPF, because of its different performance characteristics. By applying our lesson learned we improve its performance by 40% compared to a naive implementation.
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Paulson, Brandon, and Tracy Hammond. "MARQS: retrieving sketches learned from a single example using a dual-classifier." Journal on Multimodal User Interfaces 2, no. 1 (2008): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12193-008-0006-0.
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Friedman, Scott, and Kenneth Forbus. "An Integrated Systems Approach to Explanation-Based Conceptual Change." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 24, no. 1 (2010): 1523–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v24i1.7572.
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Understanding conceptual change is an important problem in modeling human cognition and in making integrated AI systems that can learn autonomously. This paper describes a model of explanation-based conceptual change, integrating sketch understanding, analogical processing, qualitative models, truth-maintenance, and heuristic-based reasoning within the Companions cognitive architecture. Sketch understanding is used to automatically encode stimuli in the form of comic strips. Qualitative models and conceptual quantities are constructed for new phenomena via analogical reasoning and heuristics. Truth-maintenance is used to integrate conceptual and episodic knowledge into explanations, and heuristics are used to modify existing conceptual knowledge in order to produce better explanations. We simulate the learning and revision of the concept of force, testing the concepts learned via a questionnaire of sketches given to students, showing that our model follows a similar learning trajectory.
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Xu, Rui, Zongyan Han, Le Hui, Jianjun Qian, and Jin Xie. "Domain Disentangled Generative Adversarial Network for Zero-Shot Sketch-Based 3D Shape Retrieval." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 36, no. 3 (2022): 2902–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v36i3.20195.
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Sketch-based 3D shape retrieval is a challenging task due to the large domain discrepancy between sketches and 3D shapes. Since existing methods are trained and evaluated on the same categories, they cannot effectively recognize the categories that have not been used during training. In this paper, we propose a novel domain disentangled generative adversarial network (DD-GAN) for zero-shot sketch-based 3D retrieval, which can retrieve the unseen categories that are not accessed during training. Specifically, we first generate domain-invariant features and domain-specific features by disentangling the learned features of sketches and 3D shapes, where the domain-invariant features are used to align with the corresponding word embeddings. Then, we develop a generative adversarial network that combines the domain-specific features of the seen categories with the aligned domain-invariant features to synthesize samples, where the synthesized samples of the unseen categories are generated by using the corresponding word embeddings. Finally, we use the synthesized samples of the unseen categories combined with the real samples of the seen categories to train the network for retrieval, so that the unseen categories can be recognized. In order to reduce the domain shift problem, we utilize unlabeled unseen samples to enhance the discrimination ability of the discriminator. With the discriminator distinguishing the generated samples from the unlabeled unseen samples, the generator can generate more realistic unseen samples. Extensive experiments on the SHREC'13 and SHREC'14 datasets show that our method significantly improves the retrieval performance of the unseen categories.
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Mundy, Amrit, and Judy Chan. "8. Visualizing Boundaries and Embodying Conflicts: Lessons Learned From a Theatrical Professional Development Program." Collected Essays on Learning and Teaching 6 (June 17, 2013): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/celt.v6i0.3764.
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In the 2011-2012 academic year, the Organizational Development and Learning unit and the Centre for Teaching, Learning and Technology at the University of British Columbia co-developed an interactive theatre project, Conflict Theatre, to engage in discussion around conflict with our audience and to allow us to explore, engage with, and build resilience around workplace conflict in a University staff development context. The objectives of this essay are to narrate our thinking and experiences in developing and performing the interactive theatre sketches, and to share personal reflections from a range of Conflict Theatre participants.
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Ge, Ce, Jingyu Wang, Qi Qi, Haifeng Sun, Tong Xu, and Jianxin Liao. "Semi-transductive Learning for Generalized Zero-Shot Sketch-Based Image Retrieval." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 37, no. 6 (2023): 7678–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v37i6.25931.
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Sketch-based image retrieval (SBIR) is an attractive research area where freehand sketches are used as queries to retrieve relevant images. Existing solutions have advanced the task to the challenging zero-shot setting (ZS-SBIR), where the trained models are tested on new classes without seen data. However, they are prone to overfitting under a realistic scenario when the test data includes both seen and unseen classes. In this paper, we study generalized ZS-SBIR (GZS-SBIR) and propose a novel semi-transductive learning paradigm. Transductive learning is performed on the image modality to explore the potential data distribution within unseen classes, and zero-shot learning is performed on the sketch modality sharing the learned knowledge through a semi-heterogeneous architecture. A hybrid metric learning strategy is proposed to establish semantics-aware ranking property and calibrate the joint embedding space. Extensive experiments are conducted on two large-scale benchmarks and four evaluation metrics. The results show that our method is superior over the state-of-the-art competitors in the challenging GZS-SBIR task.
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Liu, Xingyu, Xu Cheng, Haoyu Chen, Hao Yu, and Guoying Zhao. "Differentiable Auxiliary Learning for Sketch Re-Identification." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 38, no. 4 (2024): 3747–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v38i4.28165.
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Sketch re-identification (Re-ID) seeks to match pedestrians' photos from surveillance videos with corresponding sketches. However, we observe that existing works still have two critical limitations: (i) cross- and intra-modality discrepancies hinder the extraction of modality-shared features, (ii) standard triplet loss fails to constrain latent feature distribution in each modality with inadequate samples. To overcome the above issues, we propose a differentiable auxiliary learning network (DALNet) to explore a robust auxiliary modality for Sketch Re-ID. Specifically, for (i) we construct an auxiliary modality by using a dynamic auxiliary generator (DAG) to bridge the gap between sketch and photo modalities. The auxiliary modality highlights the described person in photos to mitigate background clutter and learns sketch style through style refinement. Moreover, a modality interactive attention module (MIA) is presented to align the features and learn the invariant patterns of two modalities by auxiliary modality. To address (ii), we propose a multi-modality collaborative learning scheme (MMCL) to align the latent distribution of three modalities. An intra-modality circle loss in MMCL brings learned global and modality-shared features of the same identity closer in the case of insufficient samples within each modality. Extensive experiments verify the superior performance of our DALNet over the state-of-the-art methods for Sketch Re-ID, and the generalization in sketch-based image retrieval and sketch-photo face recognition tasks.
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Buschek, Daniel, Charlotte Anlauff, and Florian Lachner. "Paper2Wire – A Case Study of User-Centred Development of Machine Learning Tools for UX Designers." i-com 20, no. 1 (2021): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/icom-2021-0002.
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Abstract This paper reflects on a case study of a user-centred concept development process for a Machine Learning (ML) based design tool, conducted at an industry partner. The resulting concept uses ML to match graphical user interface elements in sketches on paper to their digital counterparts to create consistent wireframes. A user study (N=20) with a working prototype shows that this concept is preferred by designers, compared to the previous manual procedure. Reflecting on our process and findings we discuss lessons learned for developing ML tools that respect practitioners’ needs and practices.
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Welton, Michael. ""A Country at the End of the World": Living and Learning in New France, 1608-1760." Canadian Journal for the Study of Adult Education 23, no. 1 (2024): 55–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.56105/cjsae.v23i1.29.
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This perspectives essay sketches how men and women of New France in the 17th and 18th centuries learned to make a living , live their lives, and express themselves under exceptionally difficult circumstances. This paper works with secondary sources, but brings new questions to old data. Among other things, the author explores how citizen learning was forbidden in 17th- and 18th-century New France, and at what historical point a critical adult education emerged. The author's narrative frame and interpretation of the sources constitute one of many legitimate forms of historical inquiry.
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Gavrilova, Tatyana A., Polina S. Bazhina, Alexander A. Kuprienko, and Tatyana V. Fisun. "Efficiency of using AR-assistant for teaching drawing skills." Perspectives of Science and Education 55, no. 1 (2022): 561–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.32744/pse.2022.1.36.
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Introduction. In connection with the steady growth in the world of the number of implementation of various kinds of educational applications based on augmented reality (AR) and publications on their effectiveness in relation to student performance, the need for experimental research in this area is growing. The pedagogical examination of AR-textbooks is complicated by the lack of empirical data to assess the actual effectiveness of the use of innovative tools in teaching. The aim of this study was to study how effective the use of augmented reality aids for the formation of draw skills is. Materials and methods. The study was organized as a pilot experiment: the control group learned to draw a sketch of a tiger's figure by copying a step-by-step guide (step-by-step table) printed on paper, and the experimental group performed it using the author's AR marker application. The quality of sketches performed (actual and delayed for a week), levels of subjectively perceived fatigue and cognitive load were considered as learning outcomes. The quality of the sketches was assessed by an expert with an art education. The levels of fatigue and cognitive load were assessed using self-rating scales. Primary results were analyzed using the Student's t-test and the paired Student's t-test. The reliability of self-rating scales was assessed using the Cronbach alpha coefficient. 38 students of the pedagogical bachelor degree took part in the experiment. Research results. The results obtained showed the equivalence of the sketches of the figure of the animal made using the AR-manual and the paper guide. It was also found that the levels of subjectively perceived fatigue, internal and external cognitive load were comparable in both groups, but the relevant load was higher in the AR-aid group (p=0,004). Conclusions. The results obtained in the study contribute to the development of expert criteria for evaluating teaching aids using augmented reality technology. These criteria already now include the presence of equivalence, and even better - an increase in the educational success of students in comparison with other means and methods of teaching, as well as a decrease in extraneous and an increase in relevant cognitive loads.
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Davenport, H. W. "The life and death of laboratory teaching of medical physiology: a personal narrative. Part I." Advances in Physiology Education 264, no. 6 (1993): S16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/advances.1993.264.6.s16.
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Part I of this essay sketches the history of laboratory teaching of medical physiology in England from the perspective of the author as a student at Oxford from 1935 to 1938. The systematic laboratory teaching that began in the 1870s at University College London under William Sharpey was carried to Oxford, as well as to other English and Scottish universities, by Sharpey's junior colleagues. C. S. Sherrington added mammalian experiments, and C. G. Douglas and J. G. Priestley added experiments on human subjects. The author describes his experience as a student in the Oxford courses and tells how he learned physiology by teaching it from 1941 to 1943 in the laboratory course established at the University of Pennsylvania by Oxford-trained physiologist Cuthbert Bazett.
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Treffers-Daller, Jeanine. "Thinking for Speaking and linguistic relativity among bilinguals." Language, Interaction and Acquisition 3, no. 2 (2012): 288–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lia.3.2.06tre.
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This article evaluates how the different papers in this special issue fill a gap in our understanding of cognitive processes that are being activated when second language learners or bilinguals prepare to speak. All papers are framed in Slobin’s (1987) Thinking for Speaking theory, and aim to test whether the conceptualisation patterns that were learned in early childhood can be relearned or restructured in L2 acquisition. In many papers the focus is on identifying constraints on this restructuring process. Among these constraints, the role of typological differences between languages is investigated in great depth. The studies involve different types of learners, language combinations and tasks. As all informants were given verbal rather than non-verbal tasks, the focus is here on the effects of conceptual transfer from one language on another, and not on the effects of language on non-linguistic cognition. The paper also sketches different avenues for further research in this field and proposes that researchers working in this field might want to take up the challenge of investigating whether speakers of different languages perceive motion outside explicitly verbal contexts differently, as this will enable us to gain an understanding of linguistic relativity effects in this domain. Studying which teaching methods can help learners to restructure their conceptualisation patterns may also shed new light on the aspects of discourse organization and motion event construal that are most difficult for learners.
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Struve, Catherine. "What Ed Cooper has Taught Me about the Realities and Complexities of Appellate Jurisdiction and Procedure." University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, no. 46.2 (2013): 697. http://dx.doi.org/10.36646/mjlr.46.2.what.
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In this brief essay, I will describe some of what I have learned from Ed Cooper as a fellow participant in the rulemaking process and as a coauthor of two volumes of his Federal Practice and Procedure treatise. To describe everything that Ed has taught me would require much more than the length of this essay. So instead, I will try to offer some representative examples-or, as Ed might say, some "sketches." Because others will discuss Ed's expert guidance of the Rules Committees' consideration of key issues concerning the Civil Rules, my discussion of Ed's scholarship and reporting work will focus mostly on the large subset of his work that relates to appellate practice. I will touch upon his unique contributions to the law and scholarship of appellate jurisdiction and procedure, and also upon his generosity and wisdom as a mentor.
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Augst, Thomas. "The Commerce of Thought: Professional Authority and Business Ethics in 19th-Century America." Prospects 27 (October 2002): 49–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361233300001137.
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This essay explores the ways that professions seek to claim social distinction by investing particular ways of knowing with moral authority. Through close analysis of popular representations of merchants in conduct books, business manuals, periodicals such asHunt's Merchant's Magazine, and biographical sketches, it describes a pervasive campaign to define business as a form of mental work. Representing the marketplace as a distinctively American school for character, merchants and their advocates sought to appropriate the moral authority traditionally associated with the learned professions of the ministry, the law, and medicine. Developing a critique of elitist pedagogy based on solitary reading, this campaign sought to identity expert knowledge with the practical experience of business. Redefining the relation between study and professional authority, the rhetoric of business helped to alter the symbolic value of education and to transform the nature of ethical reflection for liberal capitalism.
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Wannberg, Rosanna. "Institution or Individuality? Some Reflections on the Lessons To Be Learned From Personal Accounts of Recovery From Schizophrenia." Philosophy, Psychiatry, & Psychology 31, no. 1 (2024): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ppp.2024.a922683.
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Abstract: In this paper, I argue for a social conception of subjectivity, via a philosophical reading of first-person accounts of recovery from schizophrenia, published in the Schizophrenia Bulletin . Following the hypothesis that these accounts exemplify a more general tension between, on the one hand, normative and social dimensions of the self, and on the other, experiential and psychological dimensions, the first section of the paper formulates the problem from a philosophical perspective inspired by Ludwig Wittgenstein's grammatical approach. The second section explores and rejects different possible readings (sociologistic, phenomenological, or narrativist readings), as conceiving the subject in too passive a relationship with him or herself, and as leading to overly skeptical conclusions about the claims in the first-person accounts insisting on the notion of recovery as a restoration of a sense of self and as empowerment. The third section suggests that a more positive answer can be given via the idea of a certain grammar of recovery governing these narratives, and sketches out how this relates to the more general philosophical question on subjectivity.
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Géger, Melinda. "Archaizmusok. Bors István szobrászművész letéti hagyatéka a Rippl-Rónai Múzeumban." Kaposvári Rippl-Rónai Múzeum Közleményei, no. 1 (2013): 315–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.26080/krrmkozl.2013.1.315.
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István Bors, one of the most prominent sculptors in Somogy county, died in 2003, at the age of 65. He played an important role in the contemporary sculpture: breaking away from the traditional ways of art, he pioneered new methods which eventually changed his ways of expression. He explored the different geographical and chronological dimensions of art, meanwhile discovering world of prehistoric art, folklore, vil-lage art and crafts and children’s drawing. The new forms he learned were applied in his works boundlessly. A part of his heritage was placed in the care of the Rippl-Rónai Museum. The collection consists of about 200 pieces, including his stu-dio’s equipment, his preliminary sketches, the wax and clay moulds, plaster casts, reliefs and negatives. The present study aims to survey this collection: by identifying dating and catego-rizing the pieces it prepares the foundation for a monograph of a significant artist.
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Bradley, Martha. "Cultural Configurations of Mormon Fundamentalist Polygamous Communities." Nova Religio 8, no. 1 (2004): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nr.2004.8.1.5.
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““The Principle”” or plural marriage, as practiced by the Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) during the nineteenth century, evolved to encompass a culture of life practices, ideas and meanings for the fundamentalist Mormon polygamists who continue in the practice to the present day. For the modern-day polygamists, the culture that surrounds this doctrine includes a set of learned behaviors and strategies, symbols, and a compelling vision of an ideal community. This highly effective culture has helped plurality persist and grow in the intermountain western part of the United States, perpetuating a belief system but also a distinctive lifestyle wrapped around the doctrine of a plurality of wives. This article sketches out the parameters of the culture of polygamy, describes the key groups that continue in the practice, and discusses the connection between the fundamentalist polygamist groups and individuals and the LDS Church.
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Federici, Silvia, and Campbell Jones. "Counterplanning in the Crisis of Social Reproduction." South Atlantic Quarterly 119, no. 1 (2020): 153–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00382876-8007713.
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In this interview Silvia Federici discusses the prospects for counterplanning from below in the current crisis of social reproduction. The organization of care and social reproduction by capital, in alliance with governmental and non-governmental organizations, has created massive structural suffering and devalued vital social activities from which capital extracts value for which it pays nothing. As this crisis of social reproduction has developed internationally and taken on increasingly racialized forms, new and different forms of struggle over social reproduction have arisen. Starting from the Wages for Housework campaign and her 1975 call for “Counter-planning from the Kitchen,” Federici refines her thinking about the struggle over social reproduction and the reproductive commons today. She sketches the shifting grounds of the present crisis, and stresses what can be learned from current struggles over social reproduction in Africa, Latin America, and elsewhere, to organize and value social reproduction differently.
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Fatahilla, Wahyu, M. Manugeren, and Purwarno Purwarno. "MOTIVATION IN ANDREA HIRATA’S NOVEL “THE RAINBOW TROOPS”." JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE 2, no. 2 (2020): 116–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.30743/jol.v2i2.3128.
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This research is concerned with the motivation in Andrea Hirata’s novel The Rainbow Troops. The novel is also a reflection of the biographical sketches of the author. The objectives of the study are to identify the kinds of motivations reflected in The Rainbow Troops’ novel and to describe the motivations developing in “The Rainbow Troops” novel. Motivation is a direction and also energy for people to do everything included learning something. The researcher uses descriptive qualitative method in this study with the aim at describing a place, fact and characteristics of population systematically, factually and accurately. This research method is also appropriate to expose social phenomena. The data are in the forms the text and quotation from the novel containing motivation. The results of research show that there are two kinds of motivations found in the novel: extrinsic and intrinsic motivations. Extrinsic motivation consists of never giving up and education and attitude needs to be learned; for intrinsic: hard work for education, and honesty.
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Ye, Lei, Can Wang, Xin Xu, and Hui Qian. "Customized Dictionary Learning for Subdatasets with Fine Granularity." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5376087.
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Sparse models have a wide range of applications in machine learning and computer vision. Using a learned dictionary instead of an “off-the-shelf” one can dramatically improve performance on a particular dataset. However, learning a new one for each subdataset (subject) with fine granularity may be unwarranted or impractical, due to restricted availability subdataset samples and tremendous numbers of subjects. To remedy this, we consider the dictionary customization problem, that is, specializing an existing global dictionary corresponding to the total dataset, with the aid of auxiliary samples obtained from the target subdataset. Inspired by observation and then deduced from theoretical analysis, a regularizer is employed penalizing the difference between the global and the customized dictionary. By minimizing the sum of reconstruction errors of the above regularizer under sparsity constraints, we exploit the characteristics of the target subdataset contained in the auxiliary samples while maintaining the basic sketches stored in the global dictionary. An efficient algorithm is presented and validated with experiments on real-world data.
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Ekowati, Dyah Worowirastri, та Beti Istanti Suwandayani. "Understanding the concept of π numbers for elementary school pre-service teachers on circle materials". Jurnal Prima Edukasia 8, № 1 (2020): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/jpe.v8i1.30103.
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This research aims to describe the understanding of the concept of π numbers for elementary school pre-service teachers on circle materials. The research was conducted qualitatively and the type of research conducted was descriptive. The instruments used in this research were observation, interviews, and documentation. The research subjects involved were 45 elementary school pre-service teachers. The results of the research showed that understanding the concept of π numbers for elementary school pre-service teachers had the advantage of classifying objects based on whether or not the requirements that form the concept are fulfilled, identifying the characteristics of operations or concepts and developing the important requirements and/or sufficient requirements of a concept. On the other hand, understanding the concept of π numbers for elementary school pre-service teachers had weaknesses in indicators when applying the concept logically, giving examples or not examples of concepts learned, presenting concepts in various forms of mathematical representation (tables, graphs, diagrams, drawings, sketches, mathematical models, or others) and linking various concepts in Mathematics and out of Mathematics.
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Fung, Inez. "In Pursuit." Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 48, no. 1 (2020): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-072519-055956.
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The atmosphere is the synthesizer, transformer, and communicator of exchanges at its boundaries with the land and oceans. These exchanges depend on and, in turn, alter the states of the atmosphere, land, and oceans themselves. To a large extent, the interactions between the carbon cycle and climate have mapped, and will map, the trajectory of the Earth system. My quest to understand climate dynamics and the global carbon cycle has been propelled by new puzzles that emerge from each of the investigations and has led me to study subdisciplines of Earth science beyond my formal training. This article sketches my trek and the lessons I have learned. ▪ About half the CO2 emitted from combustion of fossil fuels and from cement production has remained airborne. Where are the contemporary carbon sinks? To what degree will these sinks evolve with, and in turn accelerate, climate change itself? ▪ The pursuit of these questions has been propelled by the integration of in situ and satellite observations of the atmosphere, land, and oceans, as well as by advances in theory and coupled climate–carbon cycle modeling. ▪ The urgency of climate change demands new approaches to cross-check national emission statistics.
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Homaeian, Leila, James R. Wallace, and Stacey D. Scott. "Handoff and Deposit: Designing Temporal Coordination in Cross-Device Transfer Techniques for Mixed-Focus Collaboration." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 6, CSCW2 (2022): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3555192.
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When working together, people frequently share information with each other to enable division of labour, assistance, and delegation of responsibility. The literature has explored both synchronous and asynchronous transfer techniques, known as Handoff and Deposit, respectively. However, current cross-device environments tend to only provide a single mechanism. Moreover, we have little understanding of the impact of different techniques on collaborative process. To understand how Handoff and Deposit may be designed to support complex sensemaking tasks, we followed a Research through Design process to iteratively design Handoff and Deposit techniques using paper and digital sketches and high-fidelity prototypes. We consulted the HCI literature to corroborate our findings with studies and descriptions of existing cross-device transfer designs and to understand the potential impact of those designs on mixed-focus collaboration. We learned that as we move away from a restricted physical workspace and leverage the flexibility of digital personal devices, there is a large design space for realizing cross-device transfer. To inform these designs, we provide five design considerations for cross-device transfer techniques: Transfer Acceptance, Action Dependencies, Immediate Usability, Interruption Potential, and Connection Actions.
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Drexler, Dominik, Jendrik Seipp, and Hector Geffner. "Learning Sketches for Decomposing Planning Problems into Subproblems of Bounded Width." Proceedings of the International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling 32 (June 13, 2022): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icaps.v32i1.19786.
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Recently, sketches have been introduced as a general language for representing the subgoal structure of instances drawn from the same domain. Sketches are collections of rules of the form C -> E over a given set of features where C expresses Boolean conditions and E expresses qualitative changes. Each sketch rule defines a subproblem: going from a state that satisfies C to a state that achieves the change expressed by E or a goal state. Sketches can encode simple goal serializations, general policies, or decompositions of bounded width that can be solved greedily, in polynomial time, by the SIW_R variant of the SIW algorithm. Previous work has shown the computational value of sketches over benchmark domains that, while tractable, are challenging for domain-independent planners. In this work, we address the problem of learning sketches automatically given a planning domain, some instances of the target class of problems, and the desired bound on the sketch width. We present a logical formulation of the problem, an implementation using the ASP solver Clingo, and experimental results. The sketch learner and the SIW_R planner yield a domain-independent planner that learns and exploits domain structure in a crisp and explicit form.
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Salama, Mennatalla Mostafa A., Manal S. Abou El-Ela, and Marwa H. Khalil. "Exploring Guardians’ Perceptions towards Edutainment Environments: The Case of Kidzania, Cairo, Egypt." Buildings 12, no. 8 (2022): 1281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12081281.
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Over the last few decades, the concept of combining education and entertainment has become increasingly popular. Edutainment (education and entertainment) environments started appearing in 1970 and have expanded, ever since, across the globe. This study seeks to explore the perception of guardians towards the edutainment experience and its impact on their children, with special reference to Kidzania’s branch in Cairo, Egypt. The study adopted an interpretive qualitative approach that combines different data gathering methods, including informal discussions, in-depth semi-structured interviews, on-site sketches, observation, field notes, photographs, and archival sources. The number of guardians involved in the study was 12, accompanying 23 children. A thematic analysis of the data revealed two important overarching themes: qualities of the edutainment environment, and the factors affecting the interaction between guardians and children. The first theme, qualities of the edutainment environment, includes three categories: safe environment, exploratory environment, and well-maintained environment. The second theme, factors affecting the interaction between guardians and children, encompasses three categories: physical proximity, visual connectivity, and provision of basic amenities. The findings of the study were discussed in light of relevant previous accounts and studies. In its conclusion, the study confirms that such edutainment environments can be considered as significant informal educational play settings in which children learn valuable life skills, complementing those learned in formal learning environments. Such findings are expected to provide useful insights that could inform different initiatives aiming to create thriving edutainment centers and engaging informal learning environments.
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Elwidaa, Eiman Ahmed. "Women and LoW-income Housing TransformaTion in uganda." Open House International 42, no. 1 (2017): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-01-2017-b0006.
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The article explores the transformations low-income women make to appropriate their housing that often goes unnoticed. The aim is to document, acknowledge and make low-income women's efforts to appropriate their housing visible. Lessons learned are assumed to inform the Ugandan low-income housing discourse on design considerations that can contribute to the provision of housing designs that are conducive to low-income women. The study confines its investigation to the housing designs provided under the governmental low-income housing projects in Uganda. This article presents results from a case study on Masese Women Housing Project MWHP that targeted women as its main beneficiaries. Post Occupancy Evaluations POE methodology was utilised to collect data on the performance of the housing designs provided by the project and the transformations women make to increase their housing appropriateness. Open-ended interviews were carried out with women owners to investigate the transformations they apply to their houses. Results are documented through photography, sketches and measured drawings. Results are synthesised and analysed under outdoors and indoors transformations. The study confirmed the substantial contribution low-income women make to appropriate their housing. It argues for acknowledging and including women's efforts in the Ugandan low-income housing discourse to support the provision of housing designs that are more user-friendly to them. Design considerations that are essential to attain low-income women convenience with their housing are: its capacity to accommodate women's triple roles, their potential for incremental development and their ability for segmentation into autonomous housing units to allow for their flexible, economic and functional use. The study advocates for directing efforts to the development of traditional building technologies instead of introducing improved but alien ones as an alternative that is more favourable to women.
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Chang, Maria D., and Kenneth D. Forbus. "Using Analogy to Cluster Hand-Drawn Sketches for Sketch-Based Educational Software." AI Magazine 35, no. 1 (2014): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v35i1.2505.
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One of the major challenges to building intelligent educational software is determining what kinds of feedback to give learners. Useful feedback makes use of models of domain-specific knowledge, especially models that are commonly held by potential students. To empirically determine what these models are, student data can be clustered to reveal common misconceptions or common problem-solving strategies. This article describes how analogical retrieval and generalization can be used to cluster automatically analyzed hand-drawn sketches incorporating both spatial and conceptual information. We use this approach to cluster a corpus of hand-drawn student sketches to discover common answers. Common answer clusters can be used for the design of targeted feedback and for assessment.
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Yang, Bei. "A Corpus-based Comparative Study of Learn and Acquire." English Language Teaching 9, no. 1 (2015): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v9n1p209.
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<p>As an important yet intricate linguistic feature in English language, synonymy poses a great challenge for second language learners. Using the 100 million-word British National Corpus (BNC) as data and the software Sketch Engine (SkE) as an analyzing tool, this article compares the usage of <em>learn</em> and <em>acquire </em>used in natural discourse by conducting the analysis of concordance, collocation, word sketches and sketch difference. The results show that different functions of SkE can make different contributions to the discrimination of <em>learn</em> and <em>acquire</em>. Pedagogical implications are discussed when the results are introduced into the classroom.</p>
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Stipčević, Aleksandar. "Inventory lists of library collections as a source for the history of books, with special focus on the collection of Nikola Pavlov Gundulić from 1469." Libellarium: časopis za istraživanja u području informacijskih i srodnih znanosti 1, no. 1 (2009): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/libellarium.v1i1.91.
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The inventory lists of private library collections may be counted among the most significant sources for the study of the history of books in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. These inventories provide a true picture of the reading material used in a given historical period and reveal their owners’ spiritual preoccupations as well as those of their contemporaries. Many books listed in the inventories had disappeared from the collections over time, so the inventories remain the sole indicators helping us to reconstruct the spiritual life of the different social environments. The inventories deserve to be treated with exceptional reverence by the book historians.Example used by the author to show the type of information that might be learned from the inventory of a private library is the inventory of books that Nikola Pavlov de Gondola of Dubrovnik gave as a gift, in 1469, to the Benedictine monastery of St. Mary’s on the island of Lokrum near Dubrovnik. The inventory list comprises sixteen titles; among them are two milestones, Boccaccio’s The Decameron and Genealogies of the Gentile Gods. The two are the oldest specimens of these books ever to be discovered in Croatia. Using the standard methodology for book inventory analysis, developed by the so-called ‘middle generation’ of book historians, the author first establishes which book the inventory entry refers to and, then, he supplies information on the book. Finally, for the most important books, he sketches for the reader a wider context of the book ownership and use. The author also stresses the importance of the numerous private library inventories kept in the archives of Dubrovnik, Split, Zadar, etc. He argues that the publication and an in-depth analysis of the surviving inventories would supply valuable information not only on the books bought and read by their owners but also on the intellectual and cultural preoccupations of the social environments (towns) in which the owners lived.
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Babayeva, Minakhanim. "AYAZ GAMBARLİ’ NİN PİYANO İÇİN “OBRAZLAR” ESERİ." SOCIAL SCIENCE DEVELOPMENT JOURNAL 7, no. 33 (2022): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31567/ssd.743.
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The given article provides extensive information about the creativity of the composer A. Gambarli who is the laureate of International Competitions. Here we take a look at the examples of piano music which composer wrote in different years, especially the "Images" series. He tried his talent in several genres and forms of music. Piano music occupies a special place in the composer's career. A number of his works have been successfully performed at International Music Festivals and in many countries around the world. "Six Sketches" (piano, 2003), "Resistance of the Elements" (piano trio, 2013-2014), Suprematistic Figures" (piano trio, 2014), "Resonance" (solo piano, 2015), "September Clouds" (solo) piano, 2015), "Illusion" (solo piano, 2018), "Sadness" (solo piano, 2019), "Riga in the rain" (solo piano, 2020) enriches the composer's piano creativity. The article analyzes the "Images" series written by A.Gambarli in 2015-2018 and explains the modern writing techniques that are touched upon here. A. Gambarli is known in the music community as a composer who is constantly working on himself and sets serious goals. We should note that A. Gambarli was a student of A. Malikov's class and learned many secrets of composition from his great teacher. The modernity observed in his works and he demonstrates a well-thought-out, measured writing style on the subject. In the "Images" series analyzed in the presented article, the composer mainly uses the variety of register capabilities as much as possible. Dynamic signs, changing meter-rhythm, breaks (pauses), different timbres, modern writing techniques, clusters, wide possibilities of the piano, etc. are the features that attract attention in the series. The programmatic idea given by the composer to the title of the work arouses great interest in the listener. Our main goal in the article is to reveal some points related to the application of new writing methods by the 21st century composer. Keywords: Ayaz Gambarli, music, modern writing, registration, Timbre, young composers, international competition, festival, talent, piano music.
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Blussé, Leonard. "Peeking into the Empires: Dutch Embassies to the Courts of China and Japan." Itinerario 37, no. 3 (2013): 13–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115313000776.
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In the 1660s the renowned publishing company of Jacob van Meurs in Amsterdam published three richly illustrated monographs that fundamentally changed the European perceptions of the empires of China and Japan. It all started with the publication in 1665 of the travel notes and sketches that Joan Nieuhof had made ten years earlier, while travelling in the retinue of two Dutch envoys to the Manchu court in Peking. With no less than 150 copper prints, this book aroused so much interest in travel topics—it was published in Dutch, French, German, Latin, and English—that Van Meurs did not hesitate to launch a whole series of illustrated volumes about faraway countries. To keep the China lovers happy, he published a reprint of the richly illustrated China Monumentis by the German Jesuit Athanasius Kircher. In 1668, another monumental illustrated work appeared in Dutch (and later also German, English and French editions) time about Africa written by the Amsterdam physician Olfert Dapper, and shortly afterwards, when that publication also proved to be a smashing success, Van Meurs asked for the right to publish two more works, one on Japan and one on China. That privilege was obtained on March 1669. The book on Japan, Gedenkwaerdige Gesantschappen der Oost-Indische Maetschappij aen de Kaisaren van Japan, or “Memorable embassies of the (Dutch) East India Company to the Emperors of Japan,” was compiled by Arnoldus Montanus, a learned Dutch clergyman, who according to the preface had already published fifty-three monographs. The book on China was authored by Olfert Dapper, who this time edited the travelogues of the second and third Dutch embassies to China. What made these books so interesting is that they all were based on eyewitness accounts of the interior of the widely known but little explored empires of China and Japan by servants of the Dutch East India Company (VOC). The reason why it was possible for the Dutch merchants to travel where few other westerners had gone before was that they had been sent by the directors of the company as envoys bearing tribute presents to the rulers of both realms to secure privileged trading rights.
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., Dewa Made Johana, I. Wayan Sudiarta, S. Pd ,. M. Si ., and Drs I. Gusti Ngurah Sura Ardana,M Sn . "KISAH KESENIMANAN RAKA SUWASTA DI DALAM PENJARA." Jurnal Pendidikan Seni Rupa Undiksha 8, no. 2 (2018): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jjpsp.v8i2.13358.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan: (1) riwayat/perjalan berkesenian Raka Suwasta. (2) proses berkesenian Raka Suwasta dalam penjara (3) kisah yang tersimpan di balik karya-karya yang dihasilkan Raka Suwasta di dalam penjara. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan teknik (1) observasi, (2) wawancara,(3) dokumentasi, (4) life history, dan (5) kepustakaan. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah (1) instrumen observasi, instrumen wawancara, instrumen dokumentasi, instrumen life history dan instrumen kepustakaan. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisa interaktif. Hasil penelitian ini adalah: (1) riwayat kesenimanan Raka Suwasta yaitu Raka suwasta lahir di Denpasar tahun 1940, Raka Suwasta belajar melukis secara ototidak (2) Proses Berkesenian Raka Suwasta dalam penjara berawal dari tekanan batin yang beliau rasakan ketika menjalani masa tahanan pada tahun 1965, yang kemudian melahirkan ide berupa karya-karya yang bertemakan suasana di lingkungan penjara, karya-karya tesebut berupa sketsa yang menggunakan media pensil dan tinta di atas kertas (3) Kisah yang tersimpan di balik karya-karya yang dihasilkan Raka Suwasta di dalam penjara. (1) Potret sipir, (2) Impian Raka Suwasta (3) Kampung di luar lapas (4) Kehancuran (5) Potret Sudiana (6) Suasana di luar lapas, (7) Kak Lingkuh.
 
 
 
 Kata Kunci : kisah kesenimanan, penjara, raka suwasta This study aims to describe: (1) History / journey of art Raka Suwasta. (2) The Raka Suwasta Arts Process In Prison (3) The story kept behind the works produced by Raka Suwasta In Prison. Data collection in this research was done by technique (1) observation, (2) interview, (3) documentation, (4) life history, and (5) bibliography. The instruments used are (1) observation instruments, interview instruments, documentation instruments and literature instruments. Analysis of the data used is interactive analysis. The results of this research are: (1) History of Raka Suwasta Kesenimanan namely Raka suwasta born in Denpasar 1940, Raka Suwasta learned to paint muscularly (2) Raka Suwasta Arts Process In Prison originated from the inner pressure he felt when serving in prison in 1965 , which then gave birth to the idea of works with the theme of atmosphere in the prison environment, the works tesebut in the form of sketches that use pencil and ink media on paper (3) The story is stored behind the works produced by Raka Suwasta In Prison. (1) Portrait of warden, (2) Raka Suwasta dream (3) Village outside prison (4) Destruction (5) Sudiana Portrait (6) Atmosphere outside prison, (7) Kak Lingkuh.keyword : stories of art, prisons, raka suwasta
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Saviciene, Danguole. "OPPORTUNITIES FOR INTEGRATED EDUCATION IN THE STEAM SCIENCE PROJECT." Natural Science Education in a Comprehensive School (NSECS) 26, no. 1 (2020): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.48127/gu/20.26.63.
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The STEAM science competition “Our Experiment” (organized by the Lithuanian Center of Non-formal Youth Education) is one of the opportunities to diversify the educational process and encourage students to take a deeper interest in natural sciences. We are convinced that the STEAM science-based competition encourages students to work in teams and collaborate on research. Teamwork skills are especially needed in today’s world of science and work, as one person’s mind or skills are no longer enough here. Already at school, it is important to point out that knowledge of one subject is often not enough to identify and solve problems, different sciences complement each other, and their integration often creates opportunities for innovation. Working with the STEAM method inevitably integrates subjects in the educational process. The STEAM science competition led to the search for an integrative topic. It became the subject of "Papyrus Production". Subject - Knowledge of the world. Integrated programs: Lithuanian language, mathematics, art and technologies, information technologies, human safety. I wanted students to be able to apply cognitive skills in integrating subjects: critical thinking, practical skills, analysis and conclusions, information processing, application and deepening of knowledge, presentation. Nature of work - integrated lessons. The lessons took place in the gymnasium science laboratory. Educational film based on practical activities: Home Papyrus Production https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OJClRehaATc The STEAM science competition used the tools of the gymnasium's natural sciences laboratory (during the implementation of the EU-funded project “Supply of Schools with Natural and Technological Sciences” most Lithuanian schools were equipped with natural sciences - tubes, flasks, microscopes, sensors, optical kits). The STEAM science competition led to the search for an integrative topic. "Papyrus production" is a topic of world cognition. Subjects were integrated: Lithuanian (analysis of the study material, expressive language for making a film), mathematics (weighing of bulk materials, time calculation, water temperature measurement), art and technologies (sheet cutting, gluing, drawing, drawing sketches), information technologies (filming of scenes, timer setting, searching websites for information on Egyptian symbols, papyrus production, glue production at home), human safety (safe handling of electrical appliances, boiling water, sharp objects). Throughout the learning period, students remained active as one activity changed to another. Students learned new concepts, worked on the principles of science, presented his competitive work to the school community, at student science conferences. Keywords: engaging in educational material, educational method STEAM, smartphones.
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Shany, Yuval. "How Can International Criminal Courts Have a Greater Impact on National Criminal Proceedings? Lessons from the First Two Decades of International Criminal Justice in Operation." Israel Law Review 46, no. 3 (2013): 431–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223713000150.
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International actors and observers have afforded greater attention in recent years to the role of national courts in bringing to justice perpetrators of international crimes. Not only are national courts typically less expensive to operate than international courts, they also enjoy at times more legitimacy in the eyes of local constituencies than their international counterparts. They can also reach deeper into society and cast a wider net than international criminal courts. Indeed, there is an increased tendency to view international criminal courts as mechanisms primarily designed to support and complement the work of national criminal procedures, and to pay closer attention to the interaction between the two sets of judicial institutions. It is against this background that the Project on Studying the Impact of International Courts in Domestic Criminal Procedures in Mass Atrocity Cases (the DOMAC project) has sought to draw lessons from the experience accumulated by the interactions that took place between national and international courts in the two decades that have passed since the establishment of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. This was done in the hope that such lessons may guide such interactions in the future. Indeed, DOMAC reports have looked into interactions relating to specific legal aspects (applicable laws, prosecution rates, sentencing policies and capacity development) and/or at specific geographical regions (for example, the Balkans, Africa, Latin America, East Timor) and provide many interesting stories of success and failure, from which valuable lessons can be learned. The purpose of this article is to offer, on the basis of the said DOMAC reports, some general observations on the impact of international courts on domestic criminal processes (in the aftermath of mass atrocity situations), and to discuss the structural deficiencies that may have led until now to sub-optimal levels of cooperation and division of labour between international and national criminal procedures. On the basis of these critical observations, a number of general recommendations for future policy planners will be considered. The article first describes some of the main impacts of international courts on domestic courts handling mass atrocity cases. It then discusses four overarching problems, which may have hampered such interactions: the lack of a comprehensive legal response to mass atrocities, inadequate allocation of resources, the absence of ultimate responsibility over the international response, and legitimacy deficits. The concluding section sketches a number of proposals based on the discussion in the two immediately preceding sections.
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Jang, Kyungmi. "A Study on American KFL Learners’ Attitudes Toward Korean Pronunciation Learning and Their Use of Pronunciation Learning Strategies." Korean Language in America 25, no. 2 (2021): 164–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/korelangamer.25.2.0164.
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ABSTRACT Learning language in a foreign context requires some degree of learner autonomy. It calls for even more autonomy when learning a target language pronunciation. One of the ways to foster learner autonomy is by training students in the use of strategic devices that help learners to learn different aspects of pronunciation because skillful use of strategies is key to growing autonomy (Wenden 1991). However, since Pronunciation learning strategies (PLS) have received relatively little attention, the studies on PLS are limited in terms of the target language with a near exclusive focus on English (Pawlak, 2018). In addition, although researchers seem to have come to an agreement on what a reasonable goal should be for pronunciation instruction, in the view of learner autonomy, learners can set their own goals. Therefore, this article has attempted to sketch out the American KFL learners’ attitudes towards Korean pronunciation learning and their overall pattern in PLS use. Noteworthy findings were that the KFL learners’ attitudes towards learning pronunciation was highly positive, they were confined to a very limited set of PLS relying mainly on affective and cognitive strategies, and there was a significant correlation between attitudes and the PLS use.
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Dyson, Bronwen Patricia. "Learner language analytic methods and pedagogical implications." Sociocognitive Approaches to Second Language Pedagogy 33, no. 3 (2010): 30.1–30.21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2104/aral1030.
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Methods for analysing interlanguage have long aimed to capture learner language in its own right. By surveying the cognitive methods of Error Analysis, Obligatory Occasion Analysis and Frequency Analysis, this paper traces reformulations to attain this goal. The paper then focuses on Emergence Analysis, which fine-tunes learner language analysis by measuring the ‘onset’ of spoken grammar as hypothesised in Processability Theory (PT) (Pienemann, 1998, 2005a). Since doubts have been expressed regarding the emergence approach’s rigour and pedagogical relevance, a study is presented which aims to provide a more in-depth and wide-ranging account of the ‘onset’ of. English grammar. Having sketched and amplified Processability Theory’s predictions, the paper applies emergence analysis to the longitudinal development of two adolescent ESL learners. As well as exemplifying the rigour of the emergence procedures, the results show overall support for the more comprehensive predictions. The paper concludes that learner language analysis does not have a deficit emphasis on transition to the target language, as claimed by Firth and Wagner (1997, 2007). Indeed, such methods have a role in assessing developmental readiness in a learner-oriented approach to grammar teaching.
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Dyson, Bronwen Patricia. "Learner language analytic methods and pedagogical implications." Sociocognitive Approaches to Second Language Pedagogy 33, no. 3 (2010): 30.1–30.21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.33.3.05dys.
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Methods for analysing interlanguage have long aimed to capture learner language in its own right. By surveying the cognitive methods of Error Analysis, Obligatory Occasion Analysis and Frequency Analysis, this paper traces reformulations to attain this goal. The paper then focuses on Emergence Analysis, which fine-tunes learner language analysis by measuring the ‘onset’ of spoken grammar as hypothesised in Processability Theory (PT) (Pienemann, 1998, 2005a). Since doubts have been expressed regarding the emergence approach’s rigour and pedagogical relevance, a study is presented which aims to provide a more in-depth and wide-ranging account of the ‘onset’ of. English grammar. Having sketched and amplified Processability Theory’s predictions, the paper applies emergence analysis to the longitudinal development of two adolescent ESL learners. As well as exemplifying the rigour of the emergence procedures, the results show overall support for the more comprehensive predictions. The paper concludes that learner language analysis does not have a deficit emphasis on transition to the target language, as claimed by Firth and Wagner (1997, 2007). Indeed, such methods have a role in assessing developmental readiness in a learner-oriented approach to grammar teaching.
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CYFEKU, Juliana. "Technology Integration and SkELL: A Novelty in English Foreign Language Teaching and Learning." Eurasia Proceedings of Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics 19 (December 14, 2022): 120–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.55549/epstem.1219184.
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The development of technology and its web-applicative tools in reference a variety of fields of contemporary interest, has flourished even the horizons of education. Due to the necessity of the rapid growth of Technology, its integration was considered as a solution to the covid-19 pandemic worldwide situation that caught humanity unskilled on such frequent and easy-to-follow use of ‘learning by doing’ when dealing with knowledge. On purpose, the present study introduces the implementation of SkELL (Sketch Engine for Language Learning) in English Foreign Language (EFL) learning and teaching as a rich source of free online linguistic data, provided the use of authentic texts (hereby to corpus data). All of these constituents autonomously yield both sides: learners and teachers to learner-learner interaction, learner-teacher interaction. Throughout the exploitation of its various web-applicative tools such as: Word Sketch, Thesaurus, Wordlist, Concordance, and Visualization among a range of others made possible and available EFL learning, and assisted teaching during the hard educational situation. It consequently may serve as a pre-requisite for language practitioners, curriculum designers to facilitate overall EFL teaching and learning process.
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Schulze, Mathias. "From the developer to the learner: describing grammar – learning grammar." ReCALL 11, no. 1 (1999): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0958344000002159.
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This paper sketches the place and function of grammar in the context of language learning in general and attempts to show the relevance and usefulness of these formal concepts of grammar to Computer-Assisted Language Learning in particular. The approach to grammar described here will be illustrated through a brief discussion of a grammar checker for English learners of German, ‘Textana’, which is being developed at UMIST.
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Bollen, L., and W. R. van Joolingen. "SimSketch: Multiagent Simulations Based on Learner-Created Sketches for Early Science Education." IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies 6, no. 3 (2013): 208–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tlt.2013.9.
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Muskat, Judd. "The Evolution of Applied Geographic Information Systems for Oil Spill Response in California: Rapid Data Dissemination for Informed Decision Making." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2014, no. 1 (2014): 1583–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2014.1.1583.
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ABSTRACT Computing technology has advanced to the point where it is now standard practice to employ complex Geographic Information Systems (GIS) within the Incident Command Post (ICP). Simultaneously, field data collection has been migrating to mobile computing applications which output GIS files that are quickly displayed for real-time situational awareness. From the initial emergency response through clean-up and sign-off much data with a spatial component is generated and many disparate data sets are collected. More efficient data integration, management and visual analysis affords Incident Commanders and Section Chiefs the ability to make informed and timely planning, operational and strategic decisions. Traditionally GIS maps were created in the ICP from field sketches, field notes and verbal reports. Processing of these data by the GIS Unit is very time consuming and prone to error. Preliminary efforts to streamline and automate field data collection by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW, formerly the California Department of Fish and Game), Office of Spill Prevention and Response (OSPR) utilized Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers to record waypoints and track lines. Since then more elegant electronic field data collection applications installed on small, handheld computers have been developed including those for “Wildlife Recovery and Transport”, “Resources at Risk” over flights, and the “Shoreline Cleanup and Assessment Technique” (SCAT). Other recent advancements allow for real-time aerial remote sensing for oil slick detection and detailed mapping of its properties, and displaying the output from coastal High Frequency (HF) radar installations for real-time visualization of local ocean surface current fields. These field data collection applications are explained in more detail in the body of this paper. Once these data are incorporated into the GIS a web-based Common Operational Picture (COP) is utilized for timely dissemination of relevant geospatial data. OSPR has worked closely with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Agency (NOAA) to develop “Southwest ERMA” (Environmental Response Management Application) as California's COP for web-based data dissemination and incident situational awareness. At the Deepwater Horizon (MC-252) Incident Command Post (ICP) in Houma, Louisiana many responders were from outside of the region and unfamiliar with the local geography. Area base maps with a standardized coast line and place names were not readily available for several days which added unnecessary confusion to the mix. As a lesson learned and in order to avoid this situation for an oil spill response in California, OSPR and NOAA have pre-loaded Southwest ERMA with pertinent base maps, charts and spill response planning data from the three California Area Contingency Plans (ACPs). These data are deliberately made freely available to the general public via the Southwest ERMA web-viewer without any user login credentials required.
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Hägerdal, Hans. "The Native as Exemplum: Missionary Writings and Colonial Complexities in Eastern Indonesia, 1819–1860." Itinerario 37, no. 2 (2013): 73–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115313000478.
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In the year 1819, three years after the British return of the East Indies to the Netherlands, a young man of twenty arrived to Kupang, a port on the coast of West Timor. Kupang was by no means a large place but it was the centre of Dutch colonial power over this part of Indonesia, and its administration monitored the various islands that the Netherlands laid claim to: Solor, Alor, Rote, Savu, and others. This task was made the more difficult since some of these places were also claimed by Portugal, which maintained a colonial governor in Dili, in the eastern part of Timor. The last serious conflict between the two colonial powers had occurred the previous year when the little harbour Atapupu was forcibly occupied by the Dutch resident. The tempests of the Age of Napoleon had been severely felt in Timor, whose inhabitants were located at the extremities of the colonial claims of the warring parties. Britons, Dutchmen, and Portuguese had fought or intrigued for the resources of an island that was neither the richest nor the most accessible in the island world of Southeast Asia—rather the opposite.The name of the young man was Reint Le Bruyn. Born in Zutphen, Le Bruyn had spent his early years as a child labourer in a textile factory. Coming from relatively destitute conditions, he had nevertheless picked up some education, and in 1818 he signed up for the Nederlandsch Zendeling-Genootschap (NZG), the Dutch Missionary Society. This society, the first among about fifteen to concentrate on the East Indies, had been established in 1797 by a missionary who later worked in South Africa. It was modelled on the London Missionary Society which was founded two years earlier. Societies of this kind emerged as part of the wave of rising interest in undertaking missionary activity in non-Western societies, which, interestingly, coincided with the questioning of traditional clerical hierarchy after the outbreak of the French Revolution. Biographical sketches of Le Bruyn's life have typically pointed to his Christian devotion to explain his career choice. However, it could also have been a way for poor men of ability to engage in work that provided a degree of professional recognition that they could not have hoped for at home. Missionaries received scant preparation for their task in Rotterdam; they had little knowledge of the societies that awaited them, and they only learned any substantial Malay, the main language of communication, on arrival in the Indies. Le Bruyn successfully overcame these obstacles and had an eventful career on Timor for the next ten years, to the extent that posterity hailed him as the true pioneer of the Protestant mission in these waters.
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Chang, Maria, and Kenneth Forbus. "Clustering Hand-Drawn Sketches via Analogical Generalization." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 27, no. 2 (2013): 1507–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v27i2.18991.
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One of the major challenges to building intelligent educational software is determining what kinds of feedback to give learners. Useful feedback makes use of models of domain-specific knowledge, especially models that are commonly held by potential students. To empirically determine what these models are, student data can be clustered to reveal common misconceptions or common problem-solving strategies. This paper describes how analogical retrieval and generalization can be used to cluster automatically analyzed hand-drawn sketches incorporating both spatial and conceptual information. We use this approach to cluster a corpus of hand-drawn student sketches to discover common answers. Common answer clusters can be used for the design of targeted feedback and for assessment.
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Taele, Paul, Laura Barreto, and Tracy Hammond. "Maestoso: An Intelligent Educational Sketching Tool for Learning Music Theory." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 29, no. 2 (2015): 3999–4005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v29i2.19061.
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Learning music theory not only has practical benefits for musicians to write, perform, understand, and express music better, but also for both non-musicians to improve critical thinking, math analytical skills, and music appreciation. However, current external tools applicable for learning music theory through writing when human instruction is unavailable are either limited in feedback, lacking a written modality, or assuming already strong familiarity of music theory concepts. In this paper, we describe Maestoso, an educational tool for novice learners to learn music theory through sketching practice of quizzed music structures. Maestoso first automatically recognizes students’ sketched input of quizzed concepts, then relies on existing sketch and gesture recognition techniques to automatically recognize the input, and finally generates instructor-emulated feedback. From our evaluations, we demonstrate that Maestoso performs reasonably well on recognizing music structure elements and that novice students can comfortably grasp introductory music theory in a single session.