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Livros sobre o tema "Leaf area index"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junho de 2021

Última modificação: 10 de março de 2023

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1

Deddy, Hadrijanto, ed. Penelitian tentang arsitektural model pohon jenis pioner dalam hubungannya dengan liaf [i.e. leaf] area index (LAI) di Bukit Suharto, Kalimantan Timur. [Samarinda]: Proyek Peningkatan & Pengembangan Perguruan Tinggi, Universitas Mulawarman, 1989.

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2

Jing, Chen. BOREAS RSS-7 LAI, gap fraction, and FPAR data. Greenbelt, Md: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, 2000.

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3

Jing, Chen. BOREAS RSS-7 LAI, gap fraction, and FPAR data. Greenbelt, Md: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, 2000.

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4

Jing, Chen. BOREAS RSS-7 LAI, gap fraction, and FPAR data. Greenbelt, Md: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, 2000.

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5

Jing, Chen. BOREAS RSS-7 LAI, gap fraction, and FPAR data. Greenbelt, Md: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, 2000.

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6

Sarabandi, J. Effect of curvature on the backscattering from leaves. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1988.

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7

Plummer, Stephen E. BOREAS RSS-4 1994 jack pine leaf biochemistry and modeled spectra in the SSA. Greenbelt, Md: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, 2000.

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8

Terry, Dawson, e Goddard Space Flight Center, eds. BOREAS RSS-4 1994 jack pine leaf biochemistry and modeled spectra in the SSA. Greenbelt, Md: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, 2000.

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9

A, Morrissey Leslie, Livingston Gerald P e United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Microwave backscatter and attenuation dependence of leaf area index for flooded rice fields. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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10

Chen, Jing. BOREAS RSS-7 Landsat TM LAI images of the SSA and NSA. Greenbelt, Md: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, 2000.

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11

Chen, Jing. BOREAS RSS-7 Landsat TM LAI images of the SSA and NSA. Greenbelt, Md: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, 2000.

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12

Chen, Jing. BOREAS RSS-7 Landsat TM LAI images of the SSA and NSA. Greenbelt, Md: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, 2000.

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13

Josef, Cihlar, e Goddard Space Flight Center, eds. BOREAS RSS-7 Landsat TM LAI images of the SSA and NSA. Greenbelt, Md: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, 2000.

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14

Chen, Jing. BOREAS RSS-7 regional LAI and FPAR images from 10-day AVHRR-LAC composites. Greenbelt, Md: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, 2000.

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15

Jing, Chen. BOREAS RSS-7 regional LAI and FPAR images from 10-day AVHRR-LAC composites. Greenbelt, Md: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, 2000.

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16

Jing, Chen. BOREAS RSS-7 regional LAI and FPAR images from 10-day AVHRR-LAC composites. Greenbelt, Md: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, 2000.

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17

Jing, Chen. BOREAS RSS-7 regional LAI and FPAR images from 10-day AVHRR-LAC composites. Greenbelt, Md: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, 2000.

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18

P, Livingston G., Durden S. L e United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Use of SAR in regional methane exchange studies. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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19

Frazer, G. W. A method for estimating canopy openness, effective leaf area index, and photosynthetically active photon flux density using hemispherical photography and computerized image analysis techniques. Victoria, B.C: Pacific Forestry Centre, 1997.

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20

L, Crosson William, e United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Regional-scale hydrology with a new land surface processes model. Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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21

L, Crosson William, e United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Regional-scale hydrology with a new land surface processes model. Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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22

L, Crosson William, e United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Regional-scale hydrology with a new land surface processes model. Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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23

United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. A remote-sensing based technique to account for sub-grid scale variability of land surface properties. Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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24

Remote Sensing of Leaf Area Index (LAI) and Other Vegetation Parameters. MDPI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/books978-3-03921-240-8.

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25

BOREAS RSS-4 1994 jack pine leaf biochemistry and modeled spectra in the SSA. Greenbelt, Md: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, 2000.

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26

BOREAS RSS-4 1994 jack pine leaf biochemistry and modeled spectra in the SSA. Greenbelt, Md: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, 2000.

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27

Microwave backscatter and attenuation dependence of leaf area index for flooded rice fields. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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28

Sawgrass density, biomass, and leaf area index: A flume study in support of research on wind sheltering effects in the Florida Everglades. Reston, Va: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2000.

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29

A remote-sensing based technique to account for sub-grid scale variability of land surface properties. Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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30

A remote-sensing based technique to account for sub-grid scale variability of land surface properties. Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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31

A remote-sensing based technique to account for sub-grid scale variability of land surface properties. Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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32

Regional-scale hydrology with a new land surface processes model. Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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33

Rdl Logbooks & Publishing. Client Data Organizer Log Book: Customer Tracking Log Book with Alphabetized Tabs and Area for Personal Notes on Products, Services, Date, Time, and Index Page, Pretty Purple Leaf Cover. Independently Published, 2019.

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34

Bell, Adam Patrick. Track 4. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190296605.003.0006.

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Subsisting on peanut butter and jelly sandwiches and often sleeping in his windowless concrete rehearsal room nestled between his guitar and amplifier, thirty-three-year-old rapper-turned-rocker Jimmy hopes to make it as a rock star. A disciple of guitar greats Clapton, Page, and Hendrix, Jimmy sets out to craft the ultimate hook-heavy guitar song. As the lead singer, rhythm guitarist, lead guitarist, bassist, and “drummer” (he plays the drums on his computer with his index fingers), Jimmy exemplifies the DAW-dependent one-man-band. A self-described producer, Jimmy applies his knowledge and skills as a hip-hop DJ to his rock compositions. Recording technologies such as Pro Tools and Waves plugins are as important to his songwriting as his beloved Fender Stratocaster guitar.

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35

Khorgami, Zhamak, e Ali Aminian. Readmissions after Bariatric Surgery. Editado por Tomasz Rogula, Philip Schauer e Tammy Fouse. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190608347.003.0016.

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Readmission after bariatric surgery occurs in about 5% of cases and increases the average costs up to 2.5-fold. Risk factors for readmission are dependent functional status, diabetes mellitus, steroid or immunosuppressant use, cardiac disease with intervention, bleeding disorders, longer operative time, concurrent splenectomy, high preoperative creatinine, low serum albumin, and occurrence of postoperative complications during index admission. The most common reasons for readmissions are procedure-related complications, including dehydration, abdominal pain, bleeding, anastomotic leak, gastrointestinal obstruction, and thromboembolic events. Measures that decrease readmissions after bariatric surgery include: effective preoperative education, thorough evaluation before discharge, appropriate discharge instruction with required medications, reasonable discharge disposition, 24-hour phone support, active follow-up of high-risk patients, walk-in clinic, hydration clinic, and training of other hospital teams to manage common complaints after bariatric surgery.

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36

Mothkoor, Venugopal, e Nina Badgaiyan. Estimates of multidimensional poverty for India using NSSO-71 and -75. UNU-WIDER, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2021/935-8.

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We measure multidimensional poverty in India using National Sample Survey Organization data from 2014–15 to 2017–18. We use income, health, education, and standard of living to measure the multidimensional poverty index (MPI). The MPI headcount declined from 26.9 to 13.75 per cent over the study period. The all-India estimates indicate that 144 million people were lifted from poverty during this period. We include different health dimensions, factoring in insurance, institutional coverage, antenatal care, and chronic conditions. Income is the dominant instrument with the highest contribution to the MPI, followed by insurance. Cooking, sanitation, and education also have significant weights. The decline in deprivation is steeper in rural areas than urban areas. Our state-level estimates reveal that 20 states report less than 10 per cent headcount poverty, up from six states. COVID-19 may lead to reversals of these gains, with poverty rising to pre-2014–15 levels, rising more steeply in rural areas.

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37

Taber, Douglass F., e Tristan Lambert. Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190646165.001.0001.

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Organic synthesis is a vibrant and rapidly evolving field; chemists can now cyclize alkenes directly onto enones. Like the first five books in this series, Organic Synthesis: State of the Art 2013-2015 will lead readers quickly to the most important recent developments in a research area. This series offers chemists a way to stay abreast of what's new and exciting in organic synthesis. The cumulative reaction/transformation index of 2013-2015 outlines all significant new organic transformations over the past twelve years. Future volumes will continue to come out every two years. The 2013-2015 volume features the best new methods in subspecialties such as C-O, C-N and C-C ring construction, catalytic asymmetric synthesis, selective C-H functionalization, and enantioselective epoxidation. This text consolidates two years of Douglass Taber's popular weekly online column, "Organic Chemistry Highlights" as featured on the organic-chemistry.org website and also features cumulative indices of all six volumes in this series, going back twelve years.

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38

Mello, Edison de. Food Addiction. Editado por Shahla J. Modir e George E. Muñoz. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190275334.003.0003.

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Although an impressive and increasing amount of research has shown how particular foods affect brain chemistry and can lead to food addictions, the idea of food addiction as an actual disease is still controversial. The alarming growth in the obesity epidemic in the United States, however, is quickly eating away at this controversy. Research now shows that genetics, the nucleus accumbens, the gut bacteria (microbiota), and other physiological factors have a vast effect on obesity, cravings, binge eating, and food addiction. Speculation that the food industry has utilized the effects of the high glycemic index foods, such as refined starches, sugars, and fat have on the brain to engineer foods for taste, not nutrition and to get people “hooked” is also discussed. Integrative treatment approaches to food addiction that can synergically help with food addiction recovery are presented. These include biochemical restoration, IV nutrient therapy, meditation practices, pharmacological intervention, and more.

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39

Adapa, Ram, e Anthony Absalom. Central nervous system physiology in anaesthetic practice. Editado por Jonathan G. Hardman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0006.

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How and where consciousness is generated and maintained remains an unsolved scientific mystery, and this has impeded progress in understanding anaesthesia. In recent years, however, significant progress has been made in understanding the neurobiology of anaesthetic-induced loss of consciousness. This has been made possible by advances in molecular biology techniques, which have helped shed light on the molecular mechanisms of action of the anaesthetic agents. In parallel, the development of neuroimaging techniques, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography, has also provided an enormous impetus. These techniques are providing new insights into the neural correlates of consciousness, and new insights into the alterations in neurophysiology associated with impaired consciousness caused by sleep, sedation, and anaesthesia. The information being gained from these studies on the neurobiology of impairments of attention, awareness, and memory will hopefully eventually not only lead to improvements in our understanding of consciousness and anaesthesia, but also to better clinical care. Understanding of memory functions during sedation and anaesthesia may, for example, lead to better strategies for preventing awareness with subsequent explicit recall of intraoperative events. Further, a better understanding of the neurobiology of anaesthetic-induced unconsciousness may inform future development of better anaesthetic agents, with a broader therapeutic index, and fewer unwanted effects.

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40

Servin, Frédérique S., e Valérie Billard. Anaesthesia for the obese patient. Editado por Philip M. Hopkins. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0087.

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Obesity is becoming an epidemic health problem, and the number of surgical patients with a body mass index of more than 50 kg m−2 requiring anaesthesia is increasing. Obesity is associated with physiopathological changes such as metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disorders, or sleep apnoea syndrome, most of which improve with weight loss. Regarding pharmacokinetics, volumes of distribution are increased for both lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs. Consequently, doses should be adjusted to total body weight (propofol for maintenance, succinylcholine, vancomycin), or lean body mass (remifentanil, non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent). For all drugs, titration based on monitoring of effects is recommended. To minimize recovery delays, drugs with a rapid offset of action such as remifentanil and desflurane are preferable. Poor tolerance to apnoea with early hypoxaemia and atelectasis warrant rapid sequence induction and protective ventilation. Careful positioning will prevent pressure injuries and minimize rhabdomyolysis which are frequent. Because of an increased risk of pulmonary embolism, multimodal prevention is mandatory. Regional anaesthesia, albeit technically difficult, is beneficial in obese patients to treat postoperative pain and improve rehabilitation. Maximizing the safety of anaesthesia for morbidly obese patients requires a good knowledge of the physiopathology of obesity and great attention to detail in planning and executing anaesthetic management. Even in elective surgery, many cases can be technical challenges and only a step-by-step approach to the avoidance of potential adverse events will result in the optimal outcome.

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41

Gleń-Karolczyk, Katarzyna. Zabiegi ochronne kształtujące plonowanie zdrowotność oraz różnorodność mikroorganizmów związanych z czernieniem pierścieniowym korzeni chrzanu (Atmoracia rusticana Gaertn.). Publishing House of the University of Agriculture in Krakow, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/978-83-66602-39-7.

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Horseradish roots, due to the content of many valuable nutrients and substances with healing and pro-health properties, are used more and more in medicine, food industry and cosmetics. In Poland, the cultivation of horseradish is considered minor crops. In addition, its limited size causes horseradish producers to encounter a number of unresolved agrotechnical problems. Infectious diseases developing on the leaves and roots during the long growing season reduce the size and quality of root crops. The small range of protection products intended for use in the cultivation of horseradish generates further serious environmental problems (immunization of pathogens, low effectiveness, deterioration of the quality of raw materials intended for industry, destruction of beneficial organisms and biodiversity). In order to meet the problems encountered by horseradish producers and taking into account the lack of data on: yielding, occurrence of infectious diseases and the possibility of combating them with methods alternative to chemical ones in the years 2012–2015, rigorous experiments have been carried out. The paper compares the impact of chemical protection and its reduced variants with biological protection on: total yield of horseradish roots and its structure. The intensification of infectious diseases on horseradish leaves and roots was analyzed extensively. Correlations were examined between individual disease entities and total yield and separated root fractions. A very important and innovative part of the work was to learn about the microbial communities involved in the epidemiology of Verticillium wilt of horseradish roots. The effect was examined of treatment of horseradish cuttings with a biological preparation (Pythium oligandrum), a chemical preparation (thiophanate-methyl), and the Kelpak SL biostimulator (auxins and cytokinins from the Ecklonia maxima algae) on the quantitative and qualitative changes occurring in the communities of these microorganisms. The affiliation of species to groups of frequencies was arranged hierarchically, and the biodiversity of these communities was expressed by the following indicators: Simpson index, Shannon–Wiener index, Shannon evenness index and species richness index. Correlations were assessed between the number of communities, indicators of their biodiversity and intensification of Verticillium wilt of horseradish roots. It was shown that the total yield of horseradish roots was on average 126 dt · ha–1. Within its structure, the main root was 56%, whereas the fraction of lateral roots (cuttings) with a length of more than 20 cm accounted for 26%, and those shorter than 20 cm for 12%, with unprofitable yield (waste) of 6%. In the years with higher humidity, the total root yield was higher than in the dry seasons by around 51 dt · ha–1 on average. On the other hand, the applied protection treatments significantly increased the total yield of horseradish roots from 4,6 to 45,3 dt · ha–1 and the share of fractions of more than 30 cm therein. Higher yielding effects were obtained in variants with a reduced amount of foliar application of fungicides at the expense of introducing biopreparations and biostimulators (R1, R2, R3) and in chemical protection (Ch) than in biological protection (B1, B2) and with the limitation of treatments only to the treatment of cuttings. The largest increments can be expected after treating the seedlings with Topsin M 500 SC and spraying the leaves: 1 × Amistar Opti 480 SC, 1 × Polyversum WP, 1 × Timorex Gold 24 EC and three times with biostimulators (2 × Kelpak SL + 1 × Tytanit). In the perspective of the increasing water deficit, among the biological protection methods, the (B2) variant with the treatment of seedlings with auxins and cytokinins contained in the E. maxima algae extract is more recommended than (B1) involving the use of P. oligandrum spores. White rust was the biggest threat on horseradish plantations, whereas the following occurred to a lesser extent: Phoma leaf spot, Cylindrosporium disease, Alternaria black spot and Verticillium wilt. In turn, on the surface of the roots it was dry root rot and inside – Verticillium wilt of horseradish roots. The best health of the leaves and roots was ensured by full chemical protection (cuttings treatment + 6 foliar applications). A similar effect of protection against Albugo candida and Pyrenopeziza brassicae was achieved in the case of reduced chemical protection to one foliar treatment with synthetic fungicide, two treatments with biological preparations (Polyversum WP and Timorex Gold 24 EC) and three treatments with biostimulators (2 × Kelpak SL, 1 × Tytanit). On the other hand, the level of limitation of root diseases comparable with chemical protection was ensured by its reduced variants R3 and R2, and in the case of dry root rot, also both variants of biological protection. In the dry years, over 60% of the roots showed symptoms of Verticillium wilt, and its main culprits are Verticillium dahliae (37.4%), Globisporangium irregulare (7.2%), Ilyonectria destructans (7.0%), Fusarium acuminatum (6.7%), Rhizoctonia solani (6.0%), Epicoccum nigrum (5.4%), Alternaria brassicae (5.17%). The Kelpak SL biostimulator and the Polyversum WP biological preparation contributed to the increased biodiversity of microbial communities associated with Verticillium wilt of horseradish roots. In turn, along with its increase, the intensification of the disease symptoms decreased. There was a significant correlation between the richness of species in the communities of microbial isolates and the intensification of Verticillium wilt of horseradish roots. Each additional species of microorganism contributed to the reduction of disease intensification by 1,19%.

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