Bibliografias temáticas / Law Philosophy

Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Law Philosophy"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junho de 2021

Última modificação: 10 de março de 2023

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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Law Philosophy":

Deery, Steve. "Philosophy of Law". Philosophers' Magazine, n.º 11 (2000): 59–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/tpm20001132.

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Bix, B. "PHILOSOPHY OF LAW". Philosophical Books 46, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2005): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0149.2005.0358e.x.

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Gruber, David F. "Philosophy of Law". Teaching Philosophy 15, n.º 1 (1992): 81–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/teachphil19921517.

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Popović, Milijan. "Sterija's 'Natural law'". Glasnik Advokatske komore Vojvodine 68, n.º 7-8 (1996): 274–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/gakv9607274p.

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The author studies the sources, models, structure and systematic" of Sterija's Natural Law. He concludes that Kant had the crucial influence on Sterija and that Sterija was not an original law philosopher, although he had huge merits for the study of law philosophy.

Erokhin, Alexey K. "PHILOSOPHY OF LAW AS A PRACTICAL EXPRESSION OF SOCIAL IDEALS". Sovremennye issledovaniya sotsialnykh problem 14, n.º 3 (31 de outubro de 2022): 110–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2077-1770-2022-14-3-110-121.

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Background. Philosophy of law is a branch of philosophy that studies the nature of law, especially in its relation to human values, relationships, and practice. The points of views to the nature of law often depend on the philosophical position taken by a particular philosopher or group of philosophers. As a result, legal philosophy becomes the object of heated discussions, the main feature of which is reduced to the question of what is due and being, i.e. can and should positivist law replace the traditional values developed by mankind as regulators of behavior and relationships. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to determine the relationship between the philosophy of law as a “special” or “private” discipline and “general” philosophy. The subject of the study is the philosophical ideas of a rational approach to law as a practice. Methods. The research method is the analysis of scientific literature and philosophical reflection. Conclusions. In the philosophy of law the decisive factor is not so much its attitude to general philosophy, but the relationship between the philosophy of law and the law itself. Results. The effectiveness of the work done lies in the fact that the findings allow us to consider the philosophy of law as a practical philosophy. The results obtained can be used in further practical and theoretical studies of philosophy and theory of law.

Delpierre, Maxime. "Philosophie / Philosophy". Studia Islamica 115, n.º 2-3 (21 de dezembro de 2020): 272–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19585705-12341429.

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Furton, Edward J. "Philosophy, Law, and Theology". National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly 1, n.º 4 (2001): 629–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ncbq20011414.

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Furton, Edward J. "Philosophy, Law, and Theology". National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly 2, n.º 1 (2002): 156–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ncbq20022187.

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Furton, Edward J. "Philosophy, Law, and Theology". National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly 2, n.º 2 (2002): 326–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ncbq20022261.

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Furton, Edward J. "Philosophy, Law, and Theology". National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly 2, n.º 3 (2002): 517–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ncbq20022337.

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Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Law Philosophy":

Litowitz, Douglas E. "Postmodern philosophy and law /". Lawrence (Kan.) : University press of Kansas, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37177950p.

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Loumansky, Amanda Jacqueline. "Applications of Levinasian philosophy to law". Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.416776.

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Jenkins, Maricarmen Marshall. "Philosophical assumptions in legal philosophy : a critique of contemporary philosophy of law /". *McMaster only, 1998.

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Jenkins, Maricarmen Marshall. "Philosophical assumptions in legal philosophy, a critique of contemporary philosophy of law". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0027/NQ50993.pdf.

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Robert, Dominique 1950. "Humane bioethics : medicine, philosophy, religion and law". Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31531.

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This thesis is about the content and concerns of each of four disciplines pertaining to the field of bioethics: medicine, philosophy, religion and law. Emphasis is put on the human values each reflects in patients' lives. A last chapter is dedicated to patients' narrative in order to bring a practical perspective to the discussions of the previous chapters. The four essential human values interconnecting among the four disciplines are: the patients' need for authority, the need for protection, the existential questioning about the meaning of life, and the fear of death.

Stocker, Barry. "Law and form : Joyce, Beckett and philosophy". Thesis, University of Sussex, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307251.

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Fernández, Agis Domingo. "Moral Law and Political Law in Greek Mythology: The Case of Prometheus". Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú - Departamento de Humanidades, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/113286.

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The aim of this work is to offer the reader a tour through the most significant interpretations of the Prometheus myth, attempting to contribute from their standpoint to the clarification of the relationship between moral law and political law. In especial, it aims to highlight in Prometheus’s attitude something that betrays the presence of a strongly individualized conscience, whose dictates lead him to clash with power in its highest expression. On the other hand, different interpretations of the Greek concept of law are examined, where its highest expression is indebted to the idea of destiny. Based on Law, a common order that connects gods and humans is established, although not with the same degrees of subjection.
El objetivo de este trabajo es ofrecer al lector un recorrido por las más signiﬁ cativas interpretaciones del mito de Prometeo, intentando, a la luz del contenido de las mismas, contribuir al esclarecimiento de la relación entre ley moral y ley política. En particular, se trata de poner de relieve cómo hay en la actitud de Prometeo algo que delata la presencia de una conciencia, fuertemente individualizada, cuyo dictado le conduce a asumir el choque con el poder en su máxima expresión. Por otro lado, se analizan las diferentes interpretaciones del concepto griego de Ley, estudiando cómo la máxima expresión de la misma es deudora de la idea de destino. En base a la Ley, se establece un orden común, que enlaza a dioses y hombres, si bien no con los mismos grados de sujeción.

Smith, Sheldon Russell. "Laws and causation : a defense of a modified covering-law conception of causation /". The Ohio State University, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487949508369487.

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Thorsteinsson, Páll Rafnar. "Aristotle on law". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252243.

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Almeida, Marta. "The concept of law as ordinary language philosophy". Thesis, University of Kent, 2016. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/64326/.

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The subject of this thesis is H.L.A. Hart's The Concept of Law. Two main arguments are made, firstly that there is a perspective through which Hart's seminal work can be purposefully read as an exercise in Ordinary Language Philosophy, which will dissolve many of the problems Hart's commentators encounter with his work. Secondly, that Hart's work is an exercise in Ordinary Language Philosophy applied to the problems of general jurisprudence. To effectively demonstrate the arguments, this thesis is divided into three main sections. Section A provides an overview of Ordinary Language Philosophy, grounding the thesis in its historical context. Section B is the main and most substantive section of the thesis, where the arguments are cultivated through an analysis of the main contributions in this area. Here, contradictions in the existing literature are highlighted, even amongst those who attempt to take the philosophy in Hart's work seriously. The final section, Section C, draws together my arguments and suggests scope for future research. The thesis advocates for a reading of The Concept of Law which would render it more relevant and immediate to the source text; something that has been lacking in the extensive contributions to the analysis of Hart's book since its publication in 1961.

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Livros sobre o assunto "Law Philosophy":

Elizabeth, Anderson. Law & philosophy. Dubuque, IA: Kendall Hunt, 2010.

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Tebbit, Mark. Philosophy of Law. Third edition. | Abingdon, Oxon [UK] ; New York : Routledge, 2017.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315281018.

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Pracko, Gennadiy. Philosophy of law. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02076-0.

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This textbook is devoted to the consideration of the philosophy of law as a scientific and academic discipline. The author, presenting the material of the textbook on the generalization of the concepts of philosophy of law, cultivated by modern research, offers its own approach to considering a number of its problems, which are debatable and have not yet found a generally accepted solution. Among them are problems the subject of philosophy of law and its methodology, the essence of law and modern approaches to legal thinking, the relationship between law, power and justice. This explains the conceptual differences in the presentation of the history of philosophy of law, presented in the tutorial. Recommended for students, undergraduates, graduate students, teachers and research associates of legal and philosophical faculties of universities.

Popova, Anna. Philosophy of law. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/978600.

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Textbook is universal in nature, is short and at the same time the perfection of the supply of educational material. Consistently and logically set out the philosophical and legal doctrine, the study of the relationship of legal and economic postulates in the explanation of legal reality and legal reality. Prepared taking into account experience of teaching of philosophy of law students studying in the direction of training 40.04.01 "Law", in accordance with the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation. For students of humanitarian directions of training, graduate students in training 40.04.01 Jurisprudence, graduates, teachers of law schools and faculties, as well as anyone interested in the philosophy of law.

Block, Walter E., e Roy Whitehead. Philosophy of Law. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28360-5.

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Ofei, Stephen. Law and philosophy. Benin City, Bendel State, Nigeria: Idodo Umeh Publishers Ltd., 1987.

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Finnis, John. Philosophy of law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.

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1926-, Feinberg Joel, e Coleman Jules L, eds. Philosophy of law. 7^a ed. Belmont, CA: Thomson/Wadsworth, 2003.

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Dyzenhaus, David. Philosophy of law. [Toronto]: Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 1997.

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1926-, Feinberg Joel, e Gross Hyman, eds. Philosophy of law. 5^a ed. Belmont, Calif: Wadsworth Pub. Co., 1995.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Law Philosophy":

Hage, Jaap. "Philosophy of Law". In Introduction to Law, 359–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57252-9_15.

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Hage, Jaap. "Philosophy of Law". In Introduction to Law, 313–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06910-4_14.

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Kirste, Stephan. "Law". In Encyclopedia of the Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy, 1–9. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6730-0_516-1.

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Rupniewski, Michał. "Philosophy". In Human Dignity and the Law, 65–109. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003252733-3.

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Viola, Francesco. "Positive Law and Natural Law". In Encyclopedia of the Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy, 1–6. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6730-0_51-1.

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Woleński, Jan. "Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy". In Kazimierz Opałek Selected Papers in Legal Philosophy, 169–80. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9257-4_12.

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Pejović, Časlav. "Common Law v. Civil Law System". In Encyclopedia of the Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy, 1–9. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6730-0_1119-1.

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Santiago, Alfonso. "Philosophy of Law and Constitutional Law". In Encyclopedia of Contemporary Constitutionalism, 1–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31739-7_126-1.

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Halperin, Jean Louis. "Private Law". In Encyclopedia of the Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy, 1–4. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6730-0_341-2.

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Krešić, Mario. "International Law". In Encyclopedia of the Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy, 1–8. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6730-0_1114-1.

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Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Law Philosophy":

Augusto Suzuki Dias Cintra, Rodrigo, e Daniel Francisco Nagao Menezes. "General Law versus Specific Law". In XXVI World Congress of Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy. Initia Via, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17931/ivr2013_wg146_01.

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Dumas, Martin. "The missing link between property law and labour law". In XXVI World Congress of Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy. Initia Via, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17931/ivr2013_sws29_01.

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Falci Sousa Rocha Cunha, Juliana. "The intervenue of public law in private law: Brazilian reality". In XXVI World Congress of Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy. Initia Via, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17931/ivr2013_sws69_03.

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Fonseca Mascarenhas, Diego. "Hart’s conception of Law". In XXVI World Congress of Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy. Initia Via, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17931/ivr2013_sws39_01.

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López, Nuria. "A paradigm for Law". In XXVI World Congress of Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy. Initia Via, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17931/ivr2013_wg135_01.

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Torres, Lourenço. "Semantic constructions and Law". In XXVI World Congress of Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy. Initia Via, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17931/ivr2013_wg135_03.

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Kahlig, Wolfgang, e Eleonora Kahlig. "The Law – Just For Jurists?" In XXVI World Congress of Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy. Initia Via, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17931/ivr2013_sws76_03.

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Ferreira da Cunha, Paulo. "Natural Law: classic and modern?" In XXVI World Congress of Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy. Initia Via, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17931/ivr2013_sws99_01.

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Almeida Villani, André. "Interpreting Law: democracy and decision procedures". In XXVI World Congress of Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy. Initia Via, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17931/ivr2013_wg126_06.

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Lopes de Moraes, Guilherme. "Communicational Theory of Law and Tax Computerization". In XXVI World Congress of Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy. Initia Via, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17931/ivr2013_sws30_03.

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Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Law Philosophy":

Carty, Anthony, e Jing Gu. Theory and Practice in China’s Approaches to Multilateralism and Critical Reflections on the Western ‘Rules-Based International Order’. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), outubro de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.057.

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China is the subject of Western criticism for its supposed disregard of the rules-based international order. Such a charge implies that China is unilateralist. The aim in this study is to explain how China does in fact have a multilateral approach to international relations. China’s core idea of a community of shared future of humanity shows that it is aware of the need for a universal foundation for world order. The Research Report focuses on explaining the Chinese approach to multilateralism from its own internal perspective, with Chinese philosophy and history shaping its view of the nature of rules, rights, law, and of institutions which should shape relationships. A number of case studies show how the Chinese perspectives are implemented, such as with regards to development finance, infrastructure projects (especially the Belt and Road Initiative), shaping new international organisations (such as the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank), climate change, cyber-regulation and Chinese participation in the United Nations in the field of human rights and peacekeeping. Looking at critical Western opinion of this activity, we find speculation around Chinese motives. This is why a major emphasis is placed on a hermeneutic approach to China which explains how it sees its intentions. The heart of the Research Report is an exploration of the underlying Chinese philosophy of rulemaking, undertaken in a comparative perspective to show how far it resembles or differs from the Western philosophy of rulemaking.

HEFNER, Robert. IHSAN ETHICS AND POLITICAL REVITALIZATION Appreciating Muqtedar Khan’s Islam and Good Governance. IIIT, outubro de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47816/01.001.20.

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Ours is an age of pervasive political turbulence, and the scale of the challenge requires new thinking on politics as well as public ethics for our world. In Western countries, the specter of Islamophobia, alt-right populism, along with racialized violence has shaken public confidence in long-secure assumptions rooted in democracy, diversity, and citizenship. The tragic denouement of so many of the Arab uprisings together with the ascendance of apocalyptic extremists like Daesh and Boko Haram have caused an even greater sense of alarm in large parts of the Muslim-majority world. It is against this backdrop that M.A. Muqtedar Khan has written a book of breathtaking range and ethical beauty. The author explores the history and sociology of the Muslim world, both classic and contemporary. He does so, however, not merely to chronicle the phases of its development, but to explore just why the message of compassion, mercy, and ethical beauty so prominent in the Quran and Sunna of the Prophet came over time to be displaced by a narrow legalism that emphasized jurisprudence, punishment, and social control. In the modern era, Western Orientalists and Islamists alike have pushed the juridification and interpretive reification of Islamic ethical traditions even further. Each group has asserted that the essence of Islam lies in jurisprudence (fiqh), and both have tended to imagine this legal heritage on the model of Western positive law, according to which law is authorized, codified, and enforced by a leviathan state. “Reification of Shariah and equating of Islam and Shariah has a rather emaciating effect on Islam,” Khan rightly argues. It leads its proponents to overlook “the depth and heights of Islamic faith, mysticism, philosophy or even emotions such as divine love (Muhabba)” (13). As the sociologist of Islamic law, Sami Zubaida, has similarly observed, in all these developments one sees evidence, not of a traditionalist reassertion of Muslim values, but a “triumph of Western models” of religion and state (Zubaida 2003:135). To counteract these impoverishing trends, Khan presents a far-reaching analysis that “seeks to move away from the now failed vision of Islamic states without demanding radical secularization” (2). He does so by positioning himself squarely within the ethical and mystical legacy of the Qur’an and traditions of the Prophet. As the book’s title makes clear, the key to this effort of religious recovery is “the cosmology of Ihsan and the worldview of Al-Tasawwuf, the science of Islamic mysticism” (1-2). For Islamist activists whose models of Islam have more to do with contemporary identity politics than a deep reading of Islamic traditions, Khan’s foregrounding of Ihsan may seem unfamiliar or baffling. But one of the many achievements of this book is the skill with which it plumbs the depth of scripture, classical commentaries, and tasawwuf practices to recover and confirm the ethic that lies at their heart. “The Quran promises that God is with those who do beautiful things,” the author reminds us (Khan 2019:1). The concept of Ihsan appears 191 times in 175 verses in the Quran (110). The concept is given its richest elaboration, Khan explains, in the famous hadith of the Angel Gabriel. This tradition recounts that when Gabriel appeared before the Prophet he asked, “What is Ihsan?” Both Gabriel’s question and the Prophet’s response make clear that Ihsan is an ideal at the center of the Qur’an and Sunna of the Prophet, and that it enjoins “perfection, goodness, to better, to do beautiful things and to do righteous deeds” (3). It is this cosmological ethic that Khan argues must be restored and implemented “to develop a political philosophy … that emphasizes love over law” (2). In its expansive exploration of Islamic ethics and civilization, Khan’s Islam and Good Governance will remind some readers of the late Shahab Ahmed’s remarkable book, What is Islam? The Importance of Being Islamic (Ahmed 2016). Both are works of impressive range and spiritual depth. But whereas Ahmed stood in the humanities wing of Islamic studies, Khan is an intellectual polymath who moves easily across the Islamic sciences, social theory, and comparative politics. He brings the full weight of his effort to conclusion with policy recommendations for how “to combine Sufism with political theory” (6), and to do so in a way that recommends specific “Islamic principles that encourage good governance, and politics in pursuit of goodness” (8).

Webb, Philip, e Sarah Fletcher. Unsettled Issues on Human-Robot Collaboration and Automation in Aerospace Manufacturing. SAE International, novembro de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2020024.

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This SAE EDGE™ Research Report builds a comprehensive picture of the current state-of-the-art of human-robot applications, identifying key issues to unlock the technology’s potential. It brings together views of recognized thought leaders to understand and deconstruct the myths and realities of human- robot collaboration, and how it could eventually have the impact envisaged by many. Current thinking suggests that the emerging technology of human-robot collaboration provides an ideal solution, combining the flexibility and skill of human operators with the precision, repeatability, and reliability of robots. Yet, the topic tends to generate intense reactions ranging from a “brave new future” for aircraft manufacturing and assembly, to workers living in fear of a robot invasion and lost jobs. It is widely acknowledged that the application of robotics and automation in aerospace manufacturing is significantly lower than might be expected. Reasons include product variability, size, design philosophy, and relatively low volumes. Also, the occasional reticence due to a history of past false starts plays a role too. Unsettled Issues on Human-Robot Collaboration and Automation in Aerospace Manufacturing goes deep into the core questions that really matter so the necessary step changes can move the industry forward.

Batliwala, Srilatha. Transformative Feminist Leadership: What It Is and Why It Matters. United Nations University International Institute of Global Health, dezembro de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37941/rr/2022/2.

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The words of ancient Chinese philosopher Lao Tsu make the simplest, yet most profound, case for transformation – a change of direction, a fundamental shift in the nature or character of something, recasting the existing order and ways of doing things. This is what the world needs now, as institutions and systems of the past century prove unable to address the challenges of impending planetary disaster, persistent poverty, pandemics, rising fundamentalism and authoritarianism, wars, and everyday violence. Against a background of a worldwide backlash against women’s rights, gender parity in leadership positions – in legislatures, corporations, or civil society – has proved inadequate, as women in these roles often reproduce dominant patriarchal leadership models or propagate ideologies and policies that do not actually advance equality or universal human rights. What is required is truly transformative, visionary leadership, whereby new paradigms, relationships and structures are constructed on the basis of peace, planetary health, and social and economic justice.

Gunay, Selim, Fan Hu, Khalid Mosalam, Arpit Nema, Jose Restrepo, Adam Zsarnoczay e Jack Baker. Blind Prediction of Shaking Table Tests of a New Bridge Bent Design. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, novembro de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/svks9397.

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Considering the importance of the transportation network and bridge structures, the associated seismic design philosophy is shifting from the basic collapse prevention objective to maintaining functionality on the community scale in the aftermath of moderate to strong earthquakes (i.e., resiliency). In addition to performance, the associated construction philosophy is also being modernized, with the utilization of accelerated bridge construction (ABC) techniques to reduce impacts of construction work on traffic, society, economy, and on-site safety during construction. Recent years have seen several developments towards the design of low-damage bridges and ABC. According to the results of conducted tests, these systems have significant potential to achieve the intended community resiliency objectives. Taking advantage of such potential in the standard design and analysis processes requires proper modeling that adequately characterizes the behavior and response of these bridge systems. To evaluate the current practices and abilities of the structural engineering community to model this type of resiliency-oriented bridges, the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) organized a blind prediction contest of a two-column bridge bent consisting of columns with enhanced response characteristics achieved by a well-balanced contribution of self-centering, rocking, and energy dissipation. The parameters of this blind prediction competition are described in this report, and the predictions submitted by different teams are analyzed. In general, forces are predicted better than displacements. The post-tension bar forces and residual displacements are predicted with the best and least accuracy, respectively. Some of the predicted quantities are observed to have coefficient of variation (COV) values larger than 50%; however, in general, the scatter in the predictions amongst different teams is not significantly large. Applied ground motions (GM) in shaking table tests consisted of a series of naturally recorded earthquake acceleration signals, where GM1 is found to be the largest contributor to the displacement error for most of the teams, and GM7 is the largest contributor to the force (hence, the acceleration) error. The large contribution of GM1 to the displacement error is due to the elastic response in GM1 and the errors stemming from the incorrect estimation of the period and damping ratio. The contribution of GM7 to the force error is due to the errors in the estimation of the base-shear capacity. Several teams were able to predict forces and accelerations with only moderate bias. Displacements, however, were systematically underestimated by almost every team. This suggests that there is a general problem either in the assumptions made or the models used to simulate the response of this type of bridge bent with enhanced response characteristics. Predictions of the best-performing teams were consistently and substantially better than average in all response quantities. The engineering community would benefit from learning details of the approach of the best teams and the factors that caused the models of other teams to fail to produce similarly good results. Blind prediction contests provide: (1) very useful information regarding areas where current numerical models might be improved; and (2) quantitative data regarding the uncertainty of analytical models for use in performance-based earthquake engineering evaluations. Such blind prediction contests should be encouraged for other experimental research activities and are planned to be conducted annually by PEER.

Gruson-Daniel, Célya, e Maya Anderson-González. Étude exploratoire sur la « recherche sur la recherche » : acteurs et approches. Ministère de l'enseignement supérieur et de la recherche, novembro de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52949/24.

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• Introduction Dans le cadre du deuxième Plan National de la Science Ouverte, le Comité pour la science ouverte a souhaité mener une étude pour la préfiguration d’un Lab de la science ouverte (LabSO) afin de mieux comprendre le périmètre de la recherche sur la recherche (research on research) dans un contexte international. • Objectifs de l’étude : L’étude répond ainsi à trois objectifs : 1. repérer des grands courants de recherche sur la recherche (RoR) dans le paysage plus général de la recherche universitaire en Europe et outre-atlantique, en reconnaître les principaux acteurs institutionnels et différencier les approches mobilisées par les uns et les autres ; 2. proposer une méthodologie d’analyse dans une démarche de science ouverte (méthodes mixtes et cartographie numérique) pour faciliter l’appropriation de son contenu ; 3. émettre des recommandations pour faciliter le positionnement du LabSO et s’inspirer d’initiatives existantes. • Méthodologie Une série de treize entretiens et une collecte de données d’une sélection thématique de sites web ont permis de dresser un paysage d’acteurs et d’approches impliqués dans des recherches sur la recherche. Ce dernier s’est nourri d’une démarche de cartographie numérique pour repérer et visualiser les liens existants entre différentes communautés, mouvements, réseaux et initiatives (financeurs, projets, centres de recherche, fournisseurs de données, éditeurs, etc.). • Résultats Le rapport présente différents courants de « recherche sur la recherche » issus des traditions théoriques et méthodologiques de la sociologie, de l’économie, des sciences politiques, de la philosophie, des sciences de l’information et des mesures (biblio/scientométrie). Des courants plus récents sont aussi décrits. Ils s’inscrivent dans un contexte de politiques publiques favorables à la science ouverte et ont émergé dans le champ des sciences sociales computationnelles, des Big Data ou encore des domaines biomédicaux. Si certaines de ces approches s’appuient sur des courants académiques (STS, sciences des mesures) établis depuis de nombreuses décennies, d’autres comme ceux de la « métascience » ou de la « science de la science », se sont structurées plus récemment avec une visée prescriptive et de changement fondé sur des preuves (evidence-based) se basant sur un engagement normatif pour une science plus ouverte, inclusive et diverse. Bien loin d’un paysage statique, l’étude fait ressortir des recherches en mouvement, des débats tout autant que des mises en garde afin que certains courants « ne réinventent pas la roue » en faisant fit d’une longue tradition académique de l’étude des sciences et de la production scientifiques. De nouvelles alliances entre centres de recherche et laboratoires, institutions subventionnaires, décideurs politiques et fournisseurs de données ont été repérées. Elles participent à une dynamique actuelle d’équipement des politiques publiques par des outils d’évaluation et des protocoles de recherche pour guider les actions menées, on parle d’évidence-based policies. Un des exemples les plus récents étant laa seconde feuille de route du RoRI1 poussant notamment à la formation d’un réseau international d’instituts de recherche sur la recherche, fondé sur le partage et la mutualisation de données, de méthodes et d’outils. Outre la présentation de ces différents acteurs et courants, le rapport pointe le rôle joué par les infrastructures et les fournisseurs de données scientifiques (publications, données, métadonnées, citations, etc.) dans la structuration de ce paysage et les équilibres à trouver. • Recommandations 1. Accompagner la construction d’indicateurs et de métriques par le biais d’un regard critique et de discussions collectives pour mesurer leurs impacts sur les comportements des professionnels de la recherche (mésusages, gaming). 2. Porter attention aux étapes de diffusion des résultats scientifiques issus des « recherches sur la recherche » pour les adapter aux différents publics ciblés (chercheurs, responsables des politiques publiques de recherche, journalistes, etc.). 3. Articuler les travaux de « recherche sur la recherche » avec une démarche de science ouverte en questionnant notamment les choix faits concernant les fournisseurs de données, les infrastructures et outils d’évaluation, de découvrabilité et d’analyse de la production scientifique (gouvernance, utilisation des données, etc.). 4. Soutenir les approches thématiques et transversales plutôt que disciplinaire de manière collaborative entre les différents membres du Lab de la science ouverte et aider le dialogue entre les différentes approches et mouvements (STS, research on research, science of science, scientométrie, etc.)

Wu, Yingjie, Selim Gunay e Khalid Mosalam. Hybrid Simulations for the Seismic Evaluation of Resilient Highway Bridge Systems. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, novembro de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/ytgv8834.

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Bridges often serve as key links in local and national transportation networks. Bridge closures can result in severe costs, not only in the form of repair or replacement, but also in the form of economic losses related to medium- and long-term interruption of businesses and disruption to surrounding communities. In addition, continuous functionality of bridges is very important after any seismic event for emergency response and recovery purposes. Considering the importance of these structures, the associated structural design philosophy is shifting from collapse prevention to maintaining functionality in the aftermath of moderate to strong earthquakes, referred to as “resiliency” in earthquake engineering research. Moreover, the associated construction philosophy is being modernized with the utilization of accelerated bridge construction (ABC) techniques, which strive to reduce the impact of construction on traffic, society, economy and on-site safety. This report presents two bridge systems that target the aforementioned issues. A study that combined numerical and experimental research was undertaken to characterize the seismic performance of these bridge systems. The first part of the study focuses on the structural system-level response of highway bridges that incorporate a class of innovative connecting devices called the “V-connector,”, which can be used to connect two components in a structural system, e.g., the column and the bridge deck, or the column and its foundation. This device, designed by ACII, Inc., results in an isolation surface at the connection plane via a connector rod placed in a V-shaped tube that is embedded into the concrete. Energy dissipation is provided by friction between a special washer located around the V-shaped tube and a top plate. Because of the period elongation due to the isolation layer and the limited amount of force transferred by the relatively flexible connector rod, bridge columns are protected from experiencing damage, thus leading to improved seismic behavior. The V-connector system also facilitates the ABC by allowing on-site assembly of prefabricated structural parts including those of the V-connector. A single-column, two-span highway bridge located in Northern California was used for the proof-of-concept of the proposed V-connector protective system. The V-connector was designed to result in an elastic bridge response based on nonlinear dynamic analyses of the bridge model with the V-connector. Accordingly, a one-third scale V-connector was fabricated based on a set of selected design parameters. A quasi-static cyclic test was first conducted to characterize the force-displacement relationship of the V-connector, followed by a hybrid simulation (HS) test in the longitudinal direction of the bridge to verify the intended linear elastic response of the bridge system. In the HS test, all bridge components were analytically modeled except for the V-connector, which was simulated as the experimental substructure in a specially designed and constructed test setup. Linear elastic bridge response was confirmed according to the HS results. The response of the bridge with the V-connector was compared against that of the as-built bridge without the V-connector, which experienced significant column damage. These results justified the effectiveness of this innovative device. The second part of the study presents the HS test conducted on a one-third scale two-column bridge bent with self-centering columns (broadly defined as “resilient columns” in this study) to reduce (or ultimately eliminate) any residual drifts. The comparison of the HS test with a previously conducted shaking table test on an identical bridge bent is one of the highlights of this study. The concept of resiliency was incorporated in the design of the bridge bent columns characterized by a well-balanced combination of self-centering, rocking, and energy-dissipating mechanisms. This combination is expected to lead to minimum damage and low levels of residual drifts. The ABC is achieved by utilizing precast columns and end members (cap beam and foundation) through an innovative socket connection. In order to conduct the HS test, a new hybrid simulation system (HSS) was developed, utilizing commonly available software and hardware components in most structural laboratories including: a computational platform using Matlab/Simulink [MathWorks 2015], an interface hardware/software platform dSPACE [2017], and MTS controllers and data acquisition (DAQ) system for the utilized actuators and sensors. Proper operation of the HSS was verified using a trial run without the test specimen before the actual HS test. In the conducted HS test, the two-column bridge bent was simulated as the experimental substructure while modeling the horizontal and vertical inertia masses and corresponding mass proportional damping in the computer. The same ground motions from the shaking table test, consisting of one horizontal component and the vertical component, were applied as input excitations to the equations of motion in the HS. Good matching was obtained between the shaking table and the HS test results, demonstrating the appropriateness of the defined governing equations of motion and the employed damping model, in addition to the reliability of the developed HSS with minimum simulation errors. The small residual drifts and the minimum level of structural damage at large peak drift levels demonstrated the superior seismic response of the innovative design of the bridge bent with self-centering columns. The reliability of the developed HS approach motivated performing a follow-up HS study focusing on the transverse direction of the bridge, where the entire two-span bridge deck and its abutments represented the computational substructure, while the two-column bridge bent was the physical substructure. This investigation was effective in shedding light on the system-level performance of the entire bridge system that incorporated innovative bridge bent design beyond what can be achieved via shaking table tests, which are usually limited by large-scale bridge system testing capacities.