Bibliografias temáticas / Law Philosophy

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Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Law Philosophy"

Autor: Grafiati
Publicado: 4 de junho de 2021
Última modificação: 29 de julho de 2024

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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Law Philosophy"

1

Zajadło, Jerzy. "Axiology of Law – from General to Specific Philosophy of Law". Studia Iuridica Lublinensia 32, n.º 4 (22 de dezembro de 2023): 191–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/sil.2023.32.4.191-217.

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An axiology as a theory of values takes an important place not only in general philosophy but in legal philosophy as well. Jurisprudence and law cannot ultimately be axiologically neutralised since the relationship between law and values is of a primary, eternal, necessary and immanent character. The author discusses this phenomenon on the example of Gustav Radbruch’s legal philosophy. In his opinion when one writes about Radbruch as a philosopher of law, one should make five very important reservations: firstly, Radbruch was a representative of Neo-Kantianism; secondly, it was not Neo-Kantianism ‘in general’, but a specific variant called Baden Neo-Kantianism (south-German, Heidelberg-based); thirdly, Radbruch was not a philosopher ‘in general’, as he was interested in Neo-Kantianism transplanted to the philosophy of law; fourthly, we may currently notice a great comeback of the philosophy of Kant (e.g. J. Habermas, J. Rawls, O. Höffe), but this phenomenon should be precisely distinguished from Neo-Kantianism as the temporally and spatially determined philosophical direction of the fin de siècle period; fifthly, if one can even speak of some kind of axiological turning point in the evolution of Radbruch’s philosophical views, it is 1933 rather than 1945.
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Popović, Milijan. "Sterija's 'Natural law'". Glasnik Advokatske komore Vojvodine 68, n.º 7-8 (1996): 274–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/gakv9607274p.

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The author studies the sources, models, structure and systematic" of Sterija's Natural Law. He concludes that Kant had the crucial influence on Sterija and that Sterija was not an original law philosopher, although he had huge merits for the study of law philosophy.
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Varaba, Dinebari D., e Charles N. Berebon. "The Philosophy of Law of Immanuel Kant". Tamaddun 20, n.º 2 (19 de janeiro de 2022): 271–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.33096/tamaddun.v20i2.166.

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Immanuel Kant, the eminent Western philosopher, discusses several significant themes in the context of political ideas that are strewn across his various books. In this study, one of the challenges is to organise Kant’s valuable notes on political ideas in a systematic yet critical manner to reflect his philosophy of law. Kant’s theoretical and practical philosophies have influenced the idea of law, which is an a priori concept of the human mind, in several ways. It is also conceivable, by virtue of Kant’s philosophy of law, to identify the inherent connection between moral and political philosophy. This study will illustrate the connection between the moral and political philosophy of Immanuel Kant and the philosophy of law. This work is carried out through the method of context and critical analysis. This work is organised into three sections. The first portion of the introduction will analyse the definition of law and its connection to the philosophy of law; the second part will study the broad notion of law and its different varieties; and the third section will investigate whether Kant’s political philosophy is consistent enough to accommodate the different types of laws. This work submits that Kant’s philosophy is quite consistent with the philosophy of law. In particular, this work submits that there is a theoretical link between Kant’s political philosophy and natural law, moral law, political law, international law, and cosmopolitan law.
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Deery, Steve. "Philosophy of Law". Philosophers' Magazine, n.º 11 (2000): 59–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/tpm20001132.

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Bix, B. "PHILOSOPHY OF LAW". Philosophical Books 46, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2005): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0149.2005.0358e.x.

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Gruber, David F. "Philosophy of Law". Teaching Philosophy 15, n.º 1 (1992): 81–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/teachphil19921517.

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OLEKSIUK, Myron, e Natalia GAIVORONIUK. "PHILOSOPHY OF SECURITY UNDER MARTIAL LAW". Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University. Economic sciences 320, n.º 4 (junho de 2023): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2023-320-4-28.

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The article is devoted to the problems of security philosophy and the peculiarities of its implementation in the conditions of martial law and real challenges to the existence of the Ukrainian state and its citizens. The philosophy of security considers the latter as a phenomenon of an objective order that exists in an uncivilized space, functions independently of a certain historically formed society, but is always ensured by the active participation of a person in security processes. Under martial law, security philosophy is a conceptual approach that combines two important components. On the one hand, it is based on the organization of the state and society, which pays the most attention to economic security issues, because it is in this area that conditions are created for the maximum mobilization of material resources in order to resist hostile actions. But, on the other hand, it keeps in focus the person who is the main value of a democratic state, his life and security. Its financial, social, and information components continue to be important aspects of security philosophy. Special emphasis in the security philosophy is placed on the factor of information warfare imposed by the aggressor state with the aim of value deformation of the consciousness of Ukrainian citizens, undermining the national-patriotic spirit of Ukrainian citizens, depersonalization of individual responsibility before the threat of loss of statehood and national identity. This is precisely why we highlight another aspect of the security philosophy – the valuable one. The problems of the implementation of state security in the conditions of the introduction of martial law are considered in the article as particularly important and vitally necessary, as they concern both the very existence of the state and its citizens, taking into account the actions of the enemy, which carry a kind of genocide of the Ukrainian people.
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Erokhin, Alexey K. "PHILOSOPHY OF LAW AS A PRACTICAL EXPRESSION OF SOCIAL IDEALS". Sovremennye issledovaniya sotsialnykh problem 14, n.º 3 (31 de outubro de 2022): 110–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2077-1770-2022-14-3-110-121.

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Background. Philosophy of law is a branch of philosophy that studies the nature of law, especially in its relation to human values, relationships, and practice. The points of views to the nature of law often depend on the philosophical position taken by a particular philosopher or group of philosophers. As a result, legal philosophy becomes the object of heated discussions, the main feature of which is reduced to the question of what is due and being, i.e. can and should positivist law replace the traditional values developed by mankind as regulators of behavior and relationships. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to determine the relationship between the philosophy of law as a “special” or “private” discipline and “general” philosophy. The subject of the study is the philosophical ideas of a rational approach to law as a practice. Methods. The research method is the analysis of scientific literature and philosophical reflection. Conclusions. In the philosophy of law the decisive factor is not so much its attitude to general philosophy, but the relationship between the philosophy of law and the law itself. Results. The effectiveness of the work done lies in the fact that the findings allow us to consider the philosophy of law as a practical philosophy. The results obtained can be used in further practical and theoretical studies of philosophy and theory of law.
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Delpierre, Maxime. "Philosophie / Philosophy". Studia Islamica 115, n.º 2-3 (21 de dezembro de 2020): 272–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19585705-12341429.

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Akopov, L. V., e R. A. Levina. "Philosopher of Law N.N. Alekseev about Values in Law". Legal Order and Legal Values 2, n.º 1 (27 de março de 2024): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/2949-1843-2024-2-1-9-14.

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Introduction. The contribution of the famous Russian philosopher and legal scholar N. N. Alekseev to the doctrine of the values in law is studied based on his monograph “Fundamentals of the Philosophy of Law”. It is emphasised that, even though the interest (especially in recent years) to the theoretical heritage of N. N. Alekseev has increased, the analysis of the methodology of his approach to understanding the legal axiology in combination with the scientific, metaphysical and religious definitions is still required. N. N. Alekseev's philosophy of law plays a significant role in strengthening the legal values in Russia and affirming the legal culture, legitimacy and legal order. The aim of present research is to analyse N. N. Alekseev's philosophical and legal concepts concerning the values in law, to determine the methodology of his approach to understanding the legal axiology in combination with the scientific, metaphysical and religious views and to prove the prognostic importance of his original concept. Materials and Methods. The research material comprised the results of the analysis of the theoretical provisions of N. N. Alekseev, more specifically the analysis of the chapter of the book “Fundamentals of the Philosophy of Law” dealing with the problems of legal values. The dialectical method of cognition was the main method used for the research, along with the general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis and the legalistic method. By implementing the historical approach to the evaluation of the materials, the authors adhered to the comprehensiveness and objectivity of the analysis. The authors strived to demonstrate both the holistic logic of N. N. Alekseev’s philosophy of law and his understanding of the legal axiology in combination with the scientific, metaphysical and religious definitions. Results. In the present work, the authors have analysed the mindset of the Russian philosopher and legal scholar N. N. Alekseev, whose views concerning the values in law were neglected in the national juridical science during most of the twentieth century. The ethical and legal concepts of N. N. Alekseev and the critical attitudes to this issue presented in the theoretical works of the various scientists have been reflected upon. Special attention has been given to the profound adherence of N. N. Alekseev to the idea of immanent interrelation of the main problems of law with the value aspects. The article defines the prognostic importance of the original concept formulated by the philosopher and legal scholar. Discussion and Conclusion. The analysis of the methodology of N. N. Alekseev's philosophical and legal mindset is important for the Russian juridical science. Many of the ideas contained in his works have already had a strong impact and continue to affect the research of the modern philosophers and legal scholars concerning the topic of the legal axiology. The ahead of his time prescient conclusions of N. N. Alekseev about the role of value factors in the future development of the Russian state are of considerable interest in the context of the further development of Russia as a law-governed state.
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Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Law Philosophy"

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Litowitz, Douglas E. "Postmodern philosophy and law /". Lawrence (Kan.) : University press of Kansas, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37177950p.

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Loumansky, Amanda Jacqueline. "Applications of Levinasian philosophy to law". Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.416776.

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Jenkins, Maricarmen Marshall. "Philosophical assumptions in legal philosophy : a critique of contemporary philosophy of law /". *McMaster only, 1998.

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Jenkins, Maricarmen Marshall. "Philosophical assumptions in legal philosophy, a critique of contemporary philosophy of law". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0027/NQ50993.pdf.

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Robert, Dominique 1950. "Humane bioethics : medicine, philosophy, religion and law". Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31531.

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This thesis is about the content and concerns of each of four disciplines pertaining to the field of bioethics: medicine, philosophy, religion and law. Emphasis is put on the human values each reflects in patients' lives. A last chapter is dedicated to patients' narrative in order to bring a practical perspective to the discussions of the previous chapters. The four essential human values interconnecting among the four disciplines are: the patients' need for authority, the need for protection, the existential questioning about the meaning of life, and the fear of death.
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Stocker, Barry. "Law and form : Joyce, Beckett and philosophy". Thesis, University of Sussex, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307251.

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Fernández, Agis Domingo. "Moral Law and Political Law in Greek Mythology: The Case of Prometheus". Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú - Departamento de Humanidades, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/113286.

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The aim of this work is to offer the reader a tour through the most significant interpretations of the Prometheus myth, attempting to contribute  from their standpoint to the clarification of the relationship between moral law and political law. In especial, it aims to highlight in Prometheus’s attitude something that betrays the presence of a strongly individualized conscience, whose dictates lead him to clash with power in its highest expression. On the other hand, different interpretations of the Greek concept of law are examined, where its highest expression is indebted to the idea of destiny. Based on Law, a common order that connects gods and humans is established, although not with the same degrees of subjection.
El objetivo de este trabajo es ofrecer al lector un recorrido por las más signifi cativas interpretaciones del mito de Prometeo, intentando, a la luz del contenido de las mismas, contribuir al esclarecimiento de la relación entre ley moral y ley política. En particular, se trata de poner de relieve cómo hay en la actitud de Prometeo algo que delata la presencia de una conciencia, fuertemente individualizada, cuyo dictado le conduce a asumir el choque con el poder en su máxima expresión. Por otro lado, se analizan las diferentes interpretaciones del concepto griego de Ley, estudiando cómo la máxima expresión de la misma es deudora de la idea de destino. En base a la Ley, se establece un orden común, que enlaza a dioses y hombres, si bien no con los mismos grados de sujeción.
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Smith, Sheldon Russell. "Laws and causation : a defense of a modified covering-law conception of causation /". The Ohio State University, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487949508369487.

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Thorsteinsson, Páll Rafnar. "Aristotle on law". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252243.

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Almeida, Marta. "The concept of law as ordinary language philosophy". Thesis, University of Kent, 2016. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/64326/.

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The subject of this thesis is H.L.A. Hart's The Concept of Law. Two main arguments are made, firstly that there is a perspective through which Hart's seminal work can be purposefully read as an exercise in Ordinary Language Philosophy, which will dissolve many of the problems Hart's commentators encounter with his work. Secondly, that Hart's work is an exercise in Ordinary Language Philosophy applied to the problems of general jurisprudence. To effectively demonstrate the arguments, this thesis is divided into three main sections. Section A provides an overview of Ordinary Language Philosophy, grounding the thesis in its historical context. Section B is the main and most substantive section of the thesis, where the arguments are cultivated through an analysis of the main contributions in this area. Here, contradictions in the existing literature are highlighted, even amongst those who attempt to take the philosophy in Hart's work seriously. The final section, Section C, draws together my arguments and suggests scope for future research. The thesis advocates for a reading of The Concept of Law which would render it more relevant and immediate to the source text; something that has been lacking in the extensive contributions to the analysis of Hart's book since its publication in 1961.
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Livros sobre o assunto "Law Philosophy"

1

Elizabeth, Anderson. Law & philosophy. Dubuque, IA: Kendall Hunt, 2010.

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2

Tebbit, Mark. Philosophy of Law. Third edition. | Abingdon, Oxon [UK] ; New York : Routledge, 2017.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315281018.

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Pracko, Gennadiy. Philosophy of law. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02076-0.

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This textbook is devoted to the consideration of the philosophy of law as a scientific and academic discipline. The author, presenting the material of the textbook on the generalization of the concepts of philosophy of law, cultivated by modern research, offers its own approach to considering a number of its problems, which are debatable and have not yet found a generally accepted solution. Among them are problems the subject of philosophy of law and its methodology, the essence of law and modern approaches to legal thinking, the relationship between law, power and justice. This explains the conceptual differences in the presentation of the history of philosophy of law, presented in the tutorial. Recommended for students, undergraduates, graduate students, teachers and research associates of legal and philosophical faculties of universities.
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Popova, Anna. Philosophy of law. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/978600.

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Textbook is universal in nature, is short and at the same time the perfection of the supply of educational material. Consistently and logically set out the philosophical and legal doctrine, the study of the relationship of legal and economic postulates in the explanation of legal reality and legal reality. Prepared taking into account experience of teaching of philosophy of law students studying in the direction of training 40.04.01 "Law", in accordance with the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the last generation. For students of humanitarian directions of training, graduate students in training 40.04.01 Jurisprudence, graduates, teachers of law schools and faculties, as well as anyone interested in the philosophy of law.
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Block, Walter E., e Roy Whitehead. Philosophy of Law. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28360-5.

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Ofei, Stephen. Law and philosophy. Benin City, Bendel State, Nigeria: Idodo Umeh Publishers Ltd., 1987.

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7

D, Johnson Conrad, ed. Philosophy of law. New York: Macmillan Pub. Co., 1993.

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1926-, Feinberg Joel, e Gross Hyman, eds. Philosophy of law. 5a ed. Belmont, Calif: Wadsworth Pub. Co., 1995.

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1926-, Feinberg Joel, e Gross Hyman, eds. Philosophy of law. 3a ed. Belmont, Calif: Wadsworth Pub. Co., 1986.

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10

Brian, Bix, ed. Philosophy of law. New York: Routledge, 2006.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Law Philosophy"

1

Hage, Jaap. "Philosophy of Law". In Introduction to Law, 359–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57252-9_15.

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Hage, Jaap. "Philosophy of Law". In Introduction to Law, 313–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06910-4_14.

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Ellis, Alan. "Law and Philosophy". In The Harvey Milk Institute Guide to Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer Internet Research, 127–30. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003421238-11.

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Kirste, Stephan. "Law". In Encyclopedia of the Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy, 1822–30. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6519-1_516.

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Kirste, Stephan. "Law". In Encyclopedia of the Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy, 1–9. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6730-0_516-1.

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Rupniewski, Michał. "Philosophy". In Human Dignity and the Law, 65–109. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003252733-3.

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Viola, Francesco. "Positive Law and Natural Law". In Encyclopedia of the Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy, 1–6. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6730-0_51-1.

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Viola, Francesco. "Positive Law and Natural Law". In Encyclopedia of the Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy, 2751–56. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6519-1_51.

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Woleński, Jan. "Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy". In Kazimierz Opałek Selected Papers in Legal Philosophy, 169–80. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9257-4_12.

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Pejović, Časlav. "Common Law v. Civil Law System". In Encyclopedia of the Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy, 1–9. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6730-0_1119-1.

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Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Law Philosophy"

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Augusto Suzuki Dias Cintra, Rodrigo, e Daniel Francisco Nagao Menezes. "General Law versus Specific Law". In XXVI World Congress of Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy. Initia Via, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17931/ivr2013_wg146_01.

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Dumas, Martin. "The missing link between property law and labour law". In XXVI World Congress of Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy. Initia Via, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17931/ivr2013_sws29_01.

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Falci Sousa Rocha Cunha, Juliana. "The intervenue of public law in private law: Brazilian reality". In XXVI World Congress of Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy. Initia Via, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17931/ivr2013_sws69_03.

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Fonseca Mascarenhas, Diego. "Hart’s conception of Law". In XXVI World Congress of Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy. Initia Via, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17931/ivr2013_sws39_01.

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López, Nuria. "A paradigm for Law". In XXVI World Congress of Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy. Initia Via, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17931/ivr2013_wg135_01.

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Torres, Lourenço. "Semantic constructions and Law". In XXVI World Congress of Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy. Initia Via, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17931/ivr2013_wg135_03.

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Kahlig, Wolfgang, e Eleonora Kahlig. "The Law – Just For Jurists?" In XXVI World Congress of Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy. Initia Via, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17931/ivr2013_sws76_03.

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Ferreira da Cunha, Paulo. "Natural Law: classic and modern?" In XXVI World Congress of Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy. Initia Via, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17931/ivr2013_sws99_01.

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Almeida Villani, André. "Interpreting Law: democracy and decision procedures". In XXVI World Congress of Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy. Initia Via, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17931/ivr2013_wg126_06.

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Lopes de Moraes, Guilherme. "Communicational Theory of Law and Tax Computerization". In XXVI World Congress of Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy. Initia Via, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17931/ivr2013_sws30_03.

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Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Law Philosophy"

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Korolev, Sergei Viktorovich. RUSSIAN PHILOSOPHY OF LAW IN EXILE (first half of the 20th century) The concept of Eurasianism and axiology of law. DOI СODE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/doicode-2023.126.

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Carty, Anthony, e Jing Gu. Theory and Practice in China’s Approaches to Multilateralism and Critical Reflections on the Western ‘Rules-Based International Order’. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), outubro de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.057.

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China is the subject of Western criticism for its supposed disregard of the rules-based international order. Such a charge implies that China is unilateralist. The aim in this study is to explain how China does in fact have a multilateral approach to international relations. China’s core idea of a community of shared future of humanity shows that it is aware of the need for a universal foundation for world order. The Research Report focuses on explaining the Chinese approach to multilateralism from its own internal perspective, with Chinese philosophy and history shaping its view of the nature of rules, rights, law, and of institutions which should shape relationships. A number of case studies show how the Chinese perspectives are implemented, such as with regards to development finance, infrastructure projects (especially the Belt and Road Initiative), shaping new international organisations (such as the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank), climate change, cyber-regulation and Chinese participation in the United Nations in the field of human rights and peacekeeping. Looking at critical Western opinion of this activity, we find speculation around Chinese motives. This is why a major emphasis is placed on a hermeneutic approach to China which explains how it sees its intentions. The heart of the Research Report is an exploration of the underlying Chinese philosophy of rulemaking, undertaken in a comparative perspective to show how far it resembles or differs from the Western philosophy of rulemaking.
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Bengio, Yoshua, Caroline Lequesne, Hugo Loiseau, Jocelyn Maclure, Juliette Powell, Sonja Solomun e Lyse Langlois. Interdisciplinary Dialogues: The Major Risks of Generative AI. Observatoire international sur les impacts sociétaux de l’intelligence artificielle et du numérique, março de 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.61737/xsgm9843.

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In an exciting series of Interdisciplinary Dialogues on the societal impacts of AI, we invite a guest speaker and panellists from the fields of science and engineering, health and humanities and social sciences to discuss the advances, challenges and opportunities raised by AI. The first dialogue in this series began with Yoshua Bengio, who, concerned about developments in generative AI and the major risks they pose for society, initiated the organization of a conference on the subject. The event took place on August 14, 2023 in Montreal, and was aimed at initiating collective, interdisciplinary reflection on the issues and risks posed by recent developments in AI. The conference took the form of a panel, moderated by Juliette Powell, to which seven specialists were invited who cover a variety of disciplines, including: computer science (Yoshua Bengio and Golnoosh Farnadi), law (Caroline Lequesne and Claire Boine), philosophy (Jocelyn Maclure), communication (Sonja Solomun) and political science (Hugo Loiseau). This document is the result of this first interdisciplinary dialogue on the societal impacts of AI. The speakers were invited to respond concisely, in the language of their choice, to questions raised during the event. Immerse yourself in reading these fascinating conversations, presented in a Q&A format that transcends disciplinary boundaries. The aim of these dialogues is to offer a critical and diverse perspective on the impact of AI on our everchanging world.
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HEFNER, Robert. IHSAN ETHICS AND POLITICAL REVITALIZATION Appreciating Muqtedar Khan’s Islam and Good Governance. IIIT, outubro de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47816/01.001.20.

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Ours is an age of pervasive political turbulence, and the scale of the challenge requires new thinking on politics as well as public ethics for our world. In Western countries, the specter of Islamophobia, alt-right populism, along with racialized violence has shaken public confidence in long-secure assumptions rooted in democracy, diversity, and citizenship. The tragic denouement of so many of the Arab uprisings together with the ascendance of apocalyptic extremists like Daesh and Boko Haram have caused an even greater sense of alarm in large parts of the Muslim-majority world. It is against this backdrop that M.A. Muqtedar Khan has written a book of breathtaking range and ethical beauty. The author explores the history and sociology of the Muslim world, both classic and contemporary. He does so, however, not merely to chronicle the phases of its development, but to explore just why the message of compassion, mercy, and ethical beauty so prominent in the Quran and Sunna of the Prophet came over time to be displaced by a narrow legalism that emphasized jurisprudence, punishment, and social control. In the modern era, Western Orientalists and Islamists alike have pushed the juridification and interpretive reification of Islamic ethical traditions even further. Each group has asserted that the essence of Islam lies in jurisprudence (fiqh), and both have tended to imagine this legal heritage on the model of Western positive law, according to which law is authorized, codified, and enforced by a leviathan state. “Reification of Shariah and equating of Islam and Shariah has a rather emaciating effect on Islam,” Khan rightly argues. It leads its proponents to overlook “the depth and heights of Islamic faith, mysticism, philosophy or even emotions such as divine love (Muhabba)” (13). As the sociologist of Islamic law, Sami Zubaida, has similarly observed, in all these developments one sees evidence, not of a traditionalist reassertion of Muslim values, but a “triumph of Western models” of religion and state (Zubaida 2003:135). To counteract these impoverishing trends, Khan presents a far-reaching analysis that “seeks to move away from the now failed vision of Islamic states without demanding radical secularization” (2). He does so by positioning himself squarely within the ethical and mystical legacy of the Qur’an and traditions of the Prophet. As the book’s title makes clear, the key to this effort of religious recovery is “the cosmology of Ihsan and the worldview of Al-Tasawwuf, the science of Islamic mysticism” (1-2). For Islamist activists whose models of Islam have more to do with contemporary identity politics than a deep reading of Islamic traditions, Khan’s foregrounding of Ihsan may seem unfamiliar or baffling. But one of the many achievements of this book is the skill with which it plumbs the depth of scripture, classical commentaries, and tasawwuf practices to recover and confirm the ethic that lies at their heart. “The Quran promises that God is with those who do beautiful things,” the author reminds us (Khan 2019:1). The concept of Ihsan appears 191 times in 175 verses in the Quran (110). The concept is given its richest elaboration, Khan explains, in the famous hadith of the Angel Gabriel. This tradition recounts that when Gabriel appeared before the Prophet he asked, “What is Ihsan?” Both Gabriel’s question and the Prophet’s response make clear that Ihsan is an ideal at the center of the Qur’an and Sunna of the Prophet, and that it enjoins “perfection, goodness, to better, to do beautiful things and to do righteous deeds” (3). It is this cosmological ethic that Khan argues must be restored and implemented “to develop a political philosophy … that emphasizes love over law” (2). In its expansive exploration of Islamic ethics and civilization, Khan’s Islam and Good Governance will remind some readers of the late Shahab Ahmed’s remarkable book, What is Islam? The Importance of Being Islamic (Ahmed 2016). Both are works of impressive range and spiritual depth. But whereas Ahmed stood in the humanities wing of Islamic studies, Khan is an intellectual polymath who moves easily across the Islamic sciences, social theory, and comparative politics. He brings the full weight of his effort to conclusion with policy recommendations for how “to combine Sufism with political theory” (6), and to do so in a way that recommends specific “Islamic principles that encourage good governance, and politics in pursuit of goodness” (8).
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García Canclini, Néstor, Ronald Inglehart, Wayne E. Baker e Camile Herrera. Cultural Capital and its Impact on Development: Modernization, Cultural Change, and the Persistence of Traditional Values: Culture Industries and the Development Crisis in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, outubro de 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0007946.

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Camilo Herrera (1975-), Colombian sociologist and economist, founding director of the Center for Cultural Studies for Political, Economic and Social Development in Bogotá. Ronald Inglehart (1934-), North American political scientist, Director of Institute for Social Research at University of Michigan; and Wayne E. Baker, Faculty Associate. Néstor García Canclini (1939-), distinguished Argentine philosopher and anthropologist, Casa de las Americas Prize (1981), and Director of Urban Culture Studies at UNAM.
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Webb, Philip, e Sarah Fletcher. Unsettled Issues on Human-Robot Collaboration and Automation in Aerospace Manufacturing. SAE International, novembro de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2020024.

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This SAE EDGE™ Research Report builds a comprehensive picture of the current state-of-the-art of human-robot applications, identifying key issues to unlock the technology’s potential. It brings together views of recognized thought leaders to understand and deconstruct the myths and realities of human- robot collaboration, and how it could eventually have the impact envisaged by many. Current thinking suggests that the emerging technology of human-robot collaboration provides an ideal solution, combining the flexibility and skill of human operators with the precision, repeatability, and reliability of robots. Yet, the topic tends to generate intense reactions ranging from a “brave new future” for aircraft manufacturing and assembly, to workers living in fear of a robot invasion and lost jobs. It is widely acknowledged that the application of robotics and automation in aerospace manufacturing is significantly lower than might be expected. Reasons include product variability, size, design philosophy, and relatively low volumes. Also, the occasional reticence due to a history of past false starts plays a role too. Unsettled Issues on Human-Robot Collaboration and Automation in Aerospace Manufacturing goes deep into the core questions that really matter so the necessary step changes can move the industry forward.
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Adcock, S. W., e W. A. Spirito. The Canadian Database of Geochemical Surveys: Historical Overview and Current Challenges. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/332490.

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La Banque de données de levés géochimiques du Canada est une banque de données rela¬tionnelle sophistiquée qui constitue un répertoire exhaustif des levés géochimiques à l’échelle régionale effectués au Canada depuis les années 1950. Le contenu peut être consulté au moyen d’un site Web public du gouvernement du Canada. Le répertoire fournit des métadonnées détaillées pour chaque levé, y com¬pris des liens vers des publications et des données numériques, dans la mesure du possible. En plus des métadonnées de haut niveau, les résultats d’analyses chimiques pour les levés individuels sont ajoutés pro¬gressivement. Nous avons répertorié plus de 1 600 levés à ce jour et avons intégré les données analytiques de 300 levés, pour un total de 13 millions de mesures analytiques individuelles. L’article commence par une discussion sur la philosophie générale de la gestion de l’information qui sous-tend la banque de données, puis donne quelques exemples pratiques sur la façon d’utiliser le système, et conclut en soulignant certains des défis actuels liés à la création et à l’entretien du système.
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Langlois, Lyse, Marc-Antoine Dilhac, Jim Dratwa, Thierry Ménissier, Jean-Gabriel Ganascia, Daniel Weinstock, Luc Bégin e Allison Marchildon. L'éthique au cœur de l'IA. Observatoire international sur les impacts sociétaux de l’intelligence artificielle et du numérique, outubro de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.61737/mdhp6080.

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Issu d’un travail collaboratif regroupant des spécialistes de l’éthique, de la philosophie, de l’informatique et de l’économie, le rapport « L’éthique au cœur de l’IA » vise à préciser et clarifier le rôle que doit occuper l’éthique à l’ère de l’intelligence artificielle (IA), et à mettre en lumière comment cette notion peut être appliquée et mise en œuvre de manière efficace et fructueuse. S’adressant à l’ensemble des individus engagés, de près ou de loin, dans le développement de l’IA, ce document met de l’avant une éthique centrée sur la réflexivité et le dialogue. Dans une volonté de traduire plus concrètement cette vision, il met en lumière l’approche méthodologique utilisée pour construire la Déclaration de Montréal et propose également quelques pistes de recommandation. En somme, le présent texte plaide pour l’inclusion d’une réelle réflexion éthique dans l’ensemble des étapes du processus de développement de l’IA. Il se veut ainsi une main tendue, un appel à la collaboration entre éthiciennes et éthiciens, développeuses et développeurs et membres de l’industrie afin de véritablement intégrer l’éthique au cœur de l’IA.
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Batliwala, Srilatha. Transformative Feminist Leadership: What It Is and Why It Matters. United Nations University International Institute of Global Health, dezembro de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37941/rr/2022/2.

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The words of ancient Chinese philosopher Lao Tsu make the simplest, yet most profound, case for transformation – a change of direction, a fundamental shift in the nature or character of something, recasting the existing order and ways of doing things. This is what the world needs now, as institutions and systems of the past century prove unable to address the challenges of impending planetary disaster, persistent poverty, pandemics, rising fundamentalism and authoritarianism, wars, and everyday violence. Against a background of a worldwide backlash against women’s rights, gender parity in leadership positions – in legislatures, corporations, or civil society – has proved inadequate, as women in these roles often reproduce dominant patriarchal leadership models or propagate ideologies and policies that do not actually advance equality or universal human rights. What is required is truly transformative, visionary leadership, whereby new paradigms, relationships and structures are constructed on the basis of peace, planetary health, and social and economic justice.
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Bengio, Yoshua, Caroline Lequesne, Hugo Loiseau, Jocelyn Maclure, Juliette Powell, Sonja Solomun e Lyse Langlois. Dialogues interdisciplinaires : les risques majeurs de l'IA générative. Observatoire international sur les impacts sociétaux de l'IA et du numérique, março de 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.61737/yrcp3187.

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À travers une série captivante de Dialogues interdisciplinaires sur les impacts sociétaux de l’IA, nous convions une ou un invité et des intervenantes et intervenants, provenant des sciences et génies, de la santé et des sciences humaines et sociales, à venir discuter des avancées, des défis et des opportunités soulevés par l’IA. Le premier dialogue de cette série débute avec Yoshua Bengio, qui, préoccupé par les développements de l’IA générative et des risques majeurs qu’ils engendrent pour la société, a initié l’organisation d’une conférence à ce sujet. Cette activité s’est déroulée le 14 août 2023 à Montréal et avait pour but d’engager une réflexion collective et interdisciplinaire sur les enjeux et risques posés par les récents développements de l’IA. La conférence a pris la forme d’un panel, animé par Juliette Powell, auquel était convié sept spécialistes provenant de disciplines variées : informatique (Yoshua Bengio et Golnoosh Farnadi), droit (Caroline Lequesne et Claire Boine), philosophie (Jocelyn Maclure), communication (Sonja Solomun) et science politique (Hugo Loiseau). Le présent document est ainsi issu de ce premier dialogue interdisciplinaire sur les impacts sociétaux de l’IA. Par la suite, les intervenantes et intervenants ont été invités à répondre de manière concise, dans la langue de leur choix, à des questions soulevées lors de cette activité.
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