Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Law (International), 1914-"
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Russell, Bruce. "International law at sea, economic warfare, and Britain's response to the German U-boat campaign during the First World War". Thesis, n.p, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/.
Texto completo da fonteKeefer, Scott Andrew. "Great Britain and naval arms control : international law and security 1898-1914". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2011. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/319/.
Texto completo da fonteFrei, Gabriela A. "Great Britain, international law, and the evolution of maritime strategic thought, 1856-1914". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:306f9554-9b0a-4d0e-938e-9a5b515d7c6e.
Texto completo da fonteSiegert, Philipp. "Staatshaftung im Ausnahmezustand : doktrin und Rechtspraxis im Deutschen Reich und Frankreich, 1914-1919". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH041/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis work explores the state's legal responsibility for the expropriation or destruction of property in wartime. This responsibility is analysed in a two-fold manner: First, regarding its evolution at the national level (government liability, "Staatshaftung"), and second regarding its evolution within internaional law (state responsibility, "Staatenverantwortlichkeit"). With respect to the first aspect, wartime laws and judgements are taken into account (1914-1918), while with respect to the second, the elaboration of the treaties of Bucarest, Berlin and Brest-Litovsk (1918) and Versailles (1919) is analysed. By considering these aspects, the work aims to establish whether there was a provable link between the evolution of national and international law, and to what extent there has been a “spill-over” from the national into the international legal sphere. The primary research question is thus: To what extent did German and French government liability before 1918 shape these states' concept of state responsibility after 1918? This dissertation aims to contribute to the understanding of the relationship between state and the individual in modern society, as it was conceived in domestic and international law. Legal norms in these two realms existed before, throughout and after the war; however, there is a “before” and an “after” in the sense that the war brought about some major shifts in the legal convictions held by the authorities. The war has led to both securitisation and juridification, depending on the issue, and certain decisions – especially in juridification – from the years of 1914-1919 still shape our (international) legal order today. This is particularly true regarding sanctions directed against non-state entities
Die „Urerfahrung“ des modernen Rechtsstaats mit dem Ausnahmezustand war der Erste Weltkrieg. Geleitet von der Frage nach der rechtlichen Verantwortung des Staates während des Ausnahmezustandes (1914-1918) und bei der Abwicklung desselben (1918/19) soll dieser „Urerfahrung“ und ihrer Handhabung in Deutschland und Frankreich nachgegangen werden. Ziel der Untersuchung ist zunächst die Identifikation der Wurzeln der verschiedenen internationalen Rechtsordnungsentwürfe von 1918 (Ostfriedensverträge) und 1919/20 (Pariser Vorortverträge). Diese Wurzeln werden weniger im Völkerrecht der Vorkriegszeit als vielmehr in der Entwicklung des Staatsrechts während des Krieges vermutet, welcher der Hauptteil der Arbeit gewidmet ist. Darauf aufbauend soll dargelegt werden, welche Kategorien von Recht und Unrecht, von legitimem und illegitimem Staatshandeln den einzelnen Leitsätzen zur rechtlichen Verantwortung des Staates zugrunde lagen, die in den Friedensverträgen festgehalten worden sind. Trotz der zwei weiteren großen Zensuren des 20. Jahrhunderts – 1945 und 1989 – lassen sich mehrere Grundelemente unserer gegenwärtigen internationalen Ordnung gerade auf diejenigen Entscheidungen zurückführen, die schon um 1919 gefällt worden sind – und hier besonders auf die Entscheidungen zur Verantwortung des Staates vor dem Individuum. Darin liegt die politikhistorische Relevanz des hier bearbeiteten rechtshistorischen Gegenstands: In den Regelwerken, die dem vierjährigen Ausnahmezustand ein Ende setzen sollten, kamen Staats- und Ordnungsvorstellungen zum Tragen, die eine langfristige Wirkung entfaltet haben, zum Teil bis in unsere Gegenwart
Wathle, Camille. "Les juristes internationalistes français face à la colonisation entre 1880 et 1914". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM1066.
Texto completo da fonteAt the dawn of the XXth century, the French Internationalist jurists, promoters of a discipline aiming at establishing itself in the international and national doctrinal landscape, intend to systematize the colonial phenomenon. Colonization is a symbolic phenomenon which monopolizes interstate relationships of the era. It offers as many economic, politic and humanitarian advantages to civilized and colonized peoples, as it increases the risks of conflicts between them. The members of the new French school of public international law have seized the opportunity to defend the values and actions of France on the international scene while reinforcing their roles of intellectual leaders of colonization. They then have set out a project which deeply mingles “international laws”, “colonization” and “civilization” concepts : colonization has authority to extend civilization on all the territories that guarantee the development of international law, whose mission is to preserve mankind well-being
McCaig, Robin John. "The legality of unrestricted submarine warfare in the First World War". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/283911.
Texto completo da fonteVick, Alison Marie. "A Catalyst for the Development of Human Rights: German Internment Practices in the First World War,1914-1929". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/23242.
Texto completo da fonteMaster of Arts
Delaroche, Jean-Marie. "Droit d'ingérence et concurrence militaire internationale en Méditerranée orientale : les puissances européennes et le maintien de l'ordre dans les Balkans, du traité de Berlin (1878) à la Première Guerre mondiale". Thesis, Lille 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL30043/document.
Texto completo da fonteBetween the Treaty of Berlin of 1878 and the outbreak of the First World War, the European powers tried to prevent the Balkan disorders from compromising continental and world peace. For this reason, and because their diplomats interpreted the Balkan violences essentially as acts of brigandage and not as the expression of independentist political movements, the European powers imposed on the Ottoman Empire reforms of the gendarmeries of its provinces of Eastern Rumelia, Crete, Macedonia and Albania implemented by their own officers.This thesis of military history is both an institutional history and a history of the actors. One has tried to determin under what conditions the western gendarmic model could be grafted and adapted to the Eastern social and cultural realities through the action of a few European officers in charge of collaborating with each other and confronting the Balkan reality that was often foreign to them. This approach makes it possible to renew the study of the European concert and its progressive seizure by highlighting the mutual mistrust of the powers one against the other and the ambiguity of the orders that each one gave to its own officers.It also captures the dynamics of international interference and how the target state can seek to escape from it. Finally, it reveals the difficulty of an institution of policing, whose administrative traditions stem from the model of the French nation-state, to adapt to fragmented political societies under construction in order to ensure the protection of all minorities
Fleury, Thibaut Charles. "La question du territoire aux Etats-Unis de 1789 à 1914 : apports pour la construction du droit international". Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020018/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis study is based upon the hypothesis that, from the entry into force of the federal constitution to the First World War, the United States territorial expansion, as well as the federal project, called for a « construction » of international law’s rules and principles within the American boundaries. It is to be remembered that, in 1789, the United States, the member States and the Indian Nations claimed for themselves, on parts or the whole of that space, the sovereignty that every « State » is entitled to according to international law. It is therefore by defining, adapting, or rethinking the notions of « State » or « territorial sovereignty », the conditions required for a territorial title to be held or formed, and by setting the legal status of international law, that those claims have been enforced – or not. Grounded upon the analysis of the American doctrine, practice and case law, the purpose of this study is thus to inquire about territorial issues as raised within what is usually described as a « federal State », sovereign on its territory. Because those issues, and mainly jurisdictional ones, are fundamental to international law, this work hopes to bring to light constructions of international law which are still relevant today
Ruano, de la Haza Jonathan C. "The Good Neighbor Policy in a geopolitical context: 1934--1941". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27914.
Texto completo da fonteWabafiyebazu, Ngoma G. "Répartition des bénéfices et d'industrualisation dans les regroupements économiques africains : le cas de la CEAO (1974-1984)". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/7840.
Texto completo da fonteVogt, Gilles. "Neutres face à la guerre franco-allemande (1870-1871) ? : diplomatie et dynamiques d'opinions dans les Etats de Suisse, de Belgique et du Danemark". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAG010/document.
Texto completo da fonteNoting the cross-border nature of the political and cultural challenges raised by the Franco-German War of 1870-1871, this doctoral thesis proposes to question the experience of neutrality within the societies of three States – Denmark, Switzerland and Belgium – chosen for their complementarity in terms of strategy, geography, institutions and constitutional organisation. Diplomatic documents, administrative archives, newspapers, publications, artistic works, letters and private documentation serve a transnational study divided into three main directions. The first direction reveals the technical and technological environment in which neutrals operate, the feelings betrayed by their testimonies and their efforts to become and remain non-belligerent. The second direction interrogates the involvement of the neutrals during the war through – among others – the trajectories of philanthropists and volunteer soldiers. The third orientation poses a seemingly paradoxical question: is the neutral a victor or a vanquished of the war of 1870-1871 ?
Pinchis-Paulsen, Mona. "Fair and equitable treatment in international trade and investment law, 1919-1956". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2017. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/fair-and-equitable-treatment-in-international-trade-and-investment-law-1919--1956(1fd522e3-9a9c-4682-b12e-d164ba1e08f1).html.
Texto completo da fonteKareklas, Iacovos. "The Turkish intervention of Cyprus 1974 and its consequences in international law". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2004. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2791/.
Texto completo da fonteAumond, Florian. "Unité et diversité : Réflexion sur l'oeuvre de René-Jean Dupuy (1918-1997)". Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00576690.
Texto completo da fonteGilmore, William C. "An examination of the external affairs competence and international law status of Newfoundland : 1855-1934". Thesis, University of London, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368104.
Texto completo da fonteKattan, Victor. "The tyranny of the majority : partition and the evolution of self-determination in international law, 1492-1994". Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2011. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/13812/.
Texto completo da fonteMahafzah, Qais Ali Mufleh. "Achieving uniform interpretations of uniform rules : a case study of containerisation and carriage of goods by sea". Thesis, Durham University, 2002. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1248/.
Texto completo da fonteFilippi, N. F. "Deviances and the construction of a 'healthy nation' in South Africa : a study of Pollsmoor Prison and Valkenberg Psychiatric Hospital, c. 1964-1994". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:730c12b2-2e52-4290-b5f9-5a5e557f8b45.
Texto completo da fonteDahlén, Marianne. "The Negotiable Child : The ILO Child Labour Campaign 1919-1973". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7547.
Texto completo da fonteTerry, Patrick C. R. "Great power interventions in the middle East since 1917 : the doomed pursuit of national interest in violation of international law". Thesis, University of Kent, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.590062.
Texto completo da fonteAlvarez, Alberto. "Wittgenstein and the panel's and appellate body's activism in United States - Antidumping Act of 1916 : bases for rethinking the conventional wisdom of competition issues under the WTO". Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32792.
Texto completo da fonteThese decisions confirm the application of such theories to the WTO and indicate, first, that the WTO limits concerning trade and competition are not as clearly defined as followers of the conventional wisdom suggest, and, second, that the Appellate Body and future panels may be willing to incorporate other competition issues within the realm of the WTO, if they are properly presented before it by Member States.
A description of the existing state of the art concerning competition and international trade is presented.
Zajácz, Rita. "Technological change, hegemonic transition and communication policy State-MNC relations in the wireless telegraph industry, 1896--1934 /". [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3195577.
Texto completo da fonteSource: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 66-11, Section: A, page: 3852. Adviser: Herbert A. Terry. Title from dissertation home page (viewed Oct. 10, 2006).
St, John Taylor. "The power of modest multilateralism : the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID), 1964-1980". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:aeca5b93-4493-4b75-9654-182a2c76e62a.
Texto completo da fontePerron, Eric. "Sécurité collective ou le mythe du maintien de la paix?: L'impact de l'opinion publique sur le processus décisionnel du gouvernement canadien lors des engagements internationaux: 1954--1993". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27647.
Texto completo da fonteDakessian, Rodney. "Les effets juridiques des massacres commis contre les Armeniens en 1915 et leurs modes de resolutions judiciaires et extrajudiciaires possibles". Thesis, Lyon 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO30096/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe main purpose of my thesis is to study all the legal issues concerning the 'Armenian question'.First, the existence of the elements of the crime of genocide in 1915 at the conventional international law, made our first question to consider. Then, it was necessary to study the nature of the crime committed against the Ottoman Armenians in 1915.In addition, can Turkey be responsible for a crime committed by the Ottoman Empire, according to the principle of succession of States in international law, especially that the Turkish state was created in 1923?And in case of such responsibility, has Armenia the right to maintain a lawsuit against Turkey, especially at the time of the crime, there was no Armenian state?The victims were citizens of the Ottoman Empire but of Armenian descent.Also, the quality of Armenia to take legal action, by judicial or extrajudicial processes, must be studied, regarding especially to the principle of non-retroactivity of treaties, especially that in our case, the crime was committed in 1915, while the Genocide Convention was enacted in 1948.In fact, our thesis aims ultimately to bring the two countries closer and actually try to help reach the end of the conflict between them, perceive what gather them and not what divides them, and find a fair and objective solution for both countries, in order to help put an end to their historic dispute, and that through a realistic and impartial study, based on logic and the nature of things and the circumstances of the existing
Neira, Pinzon Clara Stella. "La compétence internationale pénale à la lumière du précédent Pinochet". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAA024/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe application of the criminal international jurisdiction in the Pinochet case left an important precedent in the area of the fight against impunity, as shown by the procedure brought into play by the Spanish Audiencia Nacional and also by the Cour d'Assises of Paris, with the enforcement of the passive personality principle. Actually, with the international arrest warrant for extradition issued by the Spanish judicial authorities, which made possible the arrest of Pinochet in London; the denial of his immunity by the House of Lords and the judgment in absentia in France of his military organization, the international law has a before and an after. The international criminal law is under lined as the juridical foundation of the extraterritorial jurisdiction of the legal authorities of a state. It allows the application as well of the universal jurisdiction principle as of the passible personality principle, both used, in this precise case, with the objective to exercise an international justice
Cornilleau, Lise. "Gouverner la faim dans le monde ? : le paradigme de la sécurité alimentaire mondiale, ses instruments et ses critiques (1974-2014)". Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC2048.
Texto completo da fonteThe 2008 global food crisis, characterized by soaring world food prices and "hunger riots" in several countries of the South, is putting the political and epistemic foundations of global hunger governance to the test. This crisis has reinforced the credibility of alternative visions of the world hunger problem (right to food, food sovereignty) that challenge the dominant paradigm, that of global food security. Born following the 1974 world food crisis, the latter has established itself in international organizations (FAO, World Bank, Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR)) through certain disciplines (neoclassical economics, genetics) and quantifications (international statistics, global models), as well as a hierarchy of international agricultural law dominated by the GATT.The thesis focuses on the efforts of advocates of food sovereignty and the right to food to transform the dominant paradigm by co-producing with these international organizations - which are opening up to non-state actors in an unprecedented way during the 2008 crisis - new knowledge and new metrological and legal instruments. At the end of these processes, the global food security paradigm remains defended by several powerful States, benefiting from the renewed support of agri-food companies and philanthropic foundations, while having internalized some of the criticism received. It also benefits from the lock-in of different instruments that are studied in the thesis (expert reports, quantifications, international law). In parallel, the right to food and food sovereignty are being institutionalized in these international organizations through these new instruments, that some critical actors see as the milestones of a new paradigm "in the making".The thesis is based on a multi-site and multi-level ethnographic survey conducted among experts from international organizations (FAO, Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, World Bank), French diplomacy within the UN Committee on World Food Security, international social movements and NGOs, and multinational agri-food companies and philanthropic foundations. It also analyses written sources: press database; archives; and grey literature.The thesis mobilizes the neo-institutionalist theory of fields, in order to capture a controversial global governance through the prism of competition between instruments. Thus, it differs from work based on the theory of international regimes, mobilized both in political science (with epistemic communities) and in Science & Technology Studies (through the co-production between politics and knowledge regimes). It shows the interest of an approach to co-production between science and politics located at the scale of the instruments of global governance, which are the stakes of struggles to acquire a form of epistemic jurisdiction. It also analyses the drivers of the persistence and change of international paradigms, complementing the entry by epistemic communities with a look at the instruments and the locking effects they produce, but also the "grasps" they offer to institutionalize alternatives. Finally, it completes the diagnosis of the fragmentation and privatization of international agricultural policies, by showing the growing weight of non-state actors (civil society, but also agri-food companies, and the Gates Foundation) in the making of global instruments of "world hunger"
Ruangvichatron, Jumpita. "Breach of contract in international sale of goods : an evaluation of the 1980 Vienna Sales Convention and the 1994 UNIDROIT principles as compared with English law and the (US) Uniform Commercial Code". Thesis, University of Exeter, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302569.
Texto completo da fonteLangetz, Viktor. "Det baltiska problemet : En undersökning av Sveriges erkännanden och relationer till Estland och Lettland år 1918-1925". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för idé- och samhällsstudier, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-125693.
Texto completo da fonteZAMBONI, MATTEO. "LA GIURISPRUDENZA DEL CONSIGLIO DEL CONTENZIOSO DIPLOMATICO DEL MAE SUI RECLAMI PRESENTATI DAGLI ITALIANI ALL'ESTERO (1861-1911)". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/486439.
Texto completo da fonteWilliams, Brett Gerard. "The importance of disciplining the choice of policy instrument to the effectiveness of the GATT as international law disciplining agricultural trade policies /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw72122.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteOgbonna, Joseph Ifeanyichukwu. "A legal analysis of the application of Articles I and III of the GATT 1994 on the economic development of ECOWAS member states". Thesis, Brunel University, 2012. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7253.
Texto completo da fonteMertala, P. (Petteri). "Kuvalla voi olla merkitystä:Suomen ja Espanjan väliset suhteet vuosina 1917–1946". Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2013. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526202433.
Texto completo da fonteTiivistelmä Tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan Suomen ja Espanjan välisiä suhteita historiallisen kuvatutkimuksen keinoin Suomen itsenäistymisestä kylmän sodan alkuun. Aikakautta leimaavat Suomen itsenäistymisen jälkeen alkanut ulkoasiainhallinnon perustaminen ja kehittyminen, Espanjan muutos diktatuurista tasavallaksi, tasavallasta sisällissotaan sekä toisen maailmansodan aika. Tänä aikana Suomi ja Espanja loivat keskinäiset suhteensa Suomen tunnustamisesta kauppapolitiikan kautta toisilleen ystävällismielisiksi maiksi, kun toisen maailmansodan poliittiset suhdanteet olivat suotuisia. Suomi halusi palauttaa itselleen edulliset puu- ja paperituotteiden markkinat, jotka sillä oli ollut autonomian aikana. Espanjaa haittasi Suomessa ollut kieltolaki, mikä merkitsi erityisesti tärkeiden viinien jäämistä pois maiden välisestä kaupasta. Espanja keskittyi suhteissa pitämään Suomea tarkkailu- ja tiedonkeruupaikkana Suomen, Neuvostoliiton ja Baltian suuntaan. Tässä tehtävässä Espanja onnistui verraten hyvin. Niin suomalaisten kuin espanjalaisten kuvat toisistaan rakentuivat suhteiden alussa stereotypioiden varaan. Suomalaiset olivat metsissä asuvia aasialaisia ja espanjalaiset laiskoja sekä kouluttamattomia härkätaistelijoita. Suomalaisille tarjoutui mahdollisuus korjata Espanja-kuvaa Espanjan sisällissodan julkisuuden vuoksi, mutta kuvassa ei tapahtunut muutosta. Sen sijaan Suomen saama julkisuus talvisodan aikana muutti espanjalaisten Suomi-kuvaa urheaksi läntistä sivistystä puolustaneeksi kansaksi. Mielikuvilla saattoi olla oikeissa olosuhteissa vaikutusta ulkopolitiikkaan. Huonosti asemamaansa tunteva ja kokeva diplomaatti saattoi olla haitaksi kauppaneuvotteluille. Alkuaikojen stereotypioihin nojannut mielikuva hidasti kehitystä. Toisaalta innostunut ja aikakauteen poliittisesti sopiva henkilö saattoi vaikuttaa huomattavasti suhteita edistävästi, kuten toisen maailmansodan aikana tapahtui molemmin puolin. Tutkimuksen keskeisin lähdeaineisto koostuu Espanjan Helsingin-lähetystön ja Suomen Madridin-lähetystön raporteista, sähkeistä sekä kummankin maan ulkoasiainhallinnon dokumenteista
Resumen El studio observa las relaciones entre Finlandía y España por el medio del studio de las imagines históricas desde la proclamación de la independencia de Finlandía hasta el comienzo de la Guerra Fría. La época esta caracterizada por la fundación y evolución del Ministro de Asuntos Exteriores de Finlandía después de la independencia, la transición de la dictatura a la Segunda República, la Guerra Civil Española y la Segunda Guerra Mundial cuando las coyunturas políticas eran favorables. La idea principal de la política exterior de Finlandía en España era volver a crear los mercados perdidos de madera y papelera de la época autónoma finlandesa. España en cambio estaba molesta por la ley seca de Finlandía, lo que bloquea el importante comercio de los vinos españoles. España se concentro en observer y coleccionar información de Finlandía, Unión Soviética y los países Bálticos. España tuvo bastante éxito en esta tarea. La imagen de uno y otro, tanto finlandesa como española estaba basado en los estereotipos. Los finlandeses eran nórdicos que vivían en el bosque y los españoles eran toreros maleducados y perezosos. En la Guerra Civil Española, los finlandeses ofrecen la oportunidad de cambiar su imagen, pero fue desaprovechada. En cambio, la publicidad de Finlandía durante la Guerra de Invierno cambió la imagen que España tenia de Finlandía en una nación de valientes defendiendo la civilización occidental. Bajo las circunstancias correctas las imagines podrian tener un efecto en la política exterior. El diplomático que conocía y no le gustaba su país de acreditación podria perjudicar seriamente las relaciones comerciales. Las imagines estererotipadas en el comienzo de las relaciones retrasaron el desarollo de las relaciones bilaterales. Por otra parte, el diplomático entusiasta y políticamente adecuado podría tener un impacto significativo y progresista, como ocurrido en ambos lados durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial. El material más importante consiste en los informes de la legación de España y de la legación de Finlandía en Madrid, los telegramas y los documentos de ambos Ministros de Asuntos Exteriores
Pituch, William G. "Participating in the world : select American press coverage of United States internationalism, 1918-1923". Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/845.
Texto completo da fonteHoeylandt, Pierre van. "Is there a duty of humanitarian intervention? : an empirical study with moral implications". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3289e232-2d4e-4878-8e2f-ba7e667f5b77.
Texto completo da fonteNaidoo, Beulah Lilian. "South Africa’s diplomatic strategy on migrants, with specific reference to the United Nations refugee regime, 1994-2009". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28629.
Texto completo da fonteDissertation (MDiplomatic Studies)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Political Sciences
Unrestricted
Williams, Meagan Meernik James David. "Judicial creativity or justice being served ? a look at the use of joint criminal enterprise in the ICTY prosecution /". [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2008. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-9721.
Texto completo da fonteMarques, Ivan Contente. "Intervenções humanitarias : aspectos politicos, morais e juridicos de um conceito em (trans)formação". [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281494.
Texto completo da fonteDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: Este trabalho se propõe a estudar os debates acerca das intervenções humanitárias e sua relação com os conceitos de legalidade e legitimidade nas relações internacionais. Para isso, partiremos do início desta discussão que ocorreu antes da formação e da consolidação dos Estados nacionais e o fortalecimento do princípio da soberania, e passaremos pelos impactos causados pela nova ordem jurídica internacional criada pela Organização das Nações Unidas. Isso trará subsídios para a análise da situação do combate às crises humanitárias nos anos 1990 sob a ótica da intervenção. Como exemplo da atuação do Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas, investigaremos dois casos emblemáticos de intervenções humanitárias deste período: o genocídio de Ruanda, em 1994, e os ataques da OTAN no Kosovo, em 1999. Dessa forma, levantaremos o entendimento atual sobre o tema, demonstrando o dilema entre o dever moral de salvar vidas em risco e o impedimento legal de fazê-lo dado o sistema jurídico internacional vigente. Por fim, apresentaremos a teoria ¿Responsabilidade de Proteger¿ que tem a pretensão de dar respostas ao problema da aceitação das intervenções humanitárias como prática legítima nas relações internacionais
Abstract: This work proposes to study the debates on humanitarian intervention and its relation with concepts of validity and legitimacy on international relations. For that, it will start from the beginning of this discussion which occurred before the constitution and consolidation of national states and the strengthen of the sovereignty principle, and goes through the impacts caused by the new international legal order created by the United Nations. This will support the analysis of the humanitarian crisis in the 90's under the optic of intervention. As an example of the United Nations Security Council performance, it will investigate two emblematic cases of humanitarian intervention of the period: Rwanda's genocide, in 1994, and NATO¿s air strikes on Kosovo, in 1999. From this perspective, it will rise the present understanding on this issue, bringing up the dilemma between the moral duty of saving lives jeopardized by the scourge of war and the legal bar of doing it considering the international legal system in vigor. At last, it will present the ¿responsibility to protect¿ theory which intends to provide solutions to the problem of acceptance of humanitarian intervention as a legitimate practice on international relations
Mestrado
Instituições, Processos e Atores
Van, Tonder Delarey. "Peacebuilding in Mozambique with special reference to the UN policy on landmine removal". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51870.
Texto completo da fonteENGLISH ABSTRACT: The end of the Cold War had a profound impact on the qualitative and quantitative nature of the UN's peace and security agenda, representing a shift from traditional peacekeeping to a broader, more ambitious and intrusive notion of peacekeeping. This evolution was marked by an expanded UN engagement in a broad range of intra-state conflicts and characterised by UN undertakings towards aspects of national political and socio-economic reconstruction including the evolution of humanitarian action. Responding to the expanded United Nations agenda for international peace and security and at the request of the UN Security Council (UNSC) Boutros Boutros-Ghali prepared the conceptual foundations of the UN's role in global peace and security in his seminal report, An Agenda for Peace (July, 1992). The Secretary General outlined five inter-connected roles that he projected the UN would play in the fast changing context of post-Cold War international politics, namely: preventive diplomacy, peace enforcement, peacemaking, peacekeeping and post-conflict peacebuilding. The UNSG described the newly defined concept of post-conflict peacebuilding as action organised "(to) foster economic and social co-operation with the purpose of developing the social, political and economic infrastructure to prevent future violence, and laying the foundations for a durable peace." With specific reference to landmines in An Agenda for Peace the UNSG stressed that peacebuilding following civil war and internal strife must address the serious problem of landmines, which remained scattered in present or former combat zones. The UNSG underscored that mine action (demining) should be emphasised in terms of reference of peacekeeping operations which is crucially important in the restoration of activity when peacebuilding is under way. The United Nations involvement in the Mozambican peace process (1992-1995) has been interpreted as the culmination of a major success story in wider peacekeeping in Africa under UN auspices - a category of peace operation, which included peacemaking, peacekeeping, humanitarian assistance, peacebuilding and electoral assistance. Mozambique's peace process has subsequently been cited as a model UN peacekeeping operation which could be adapted to post-conflict situation elsewhere. Within the context of landmines as a threat to post-conflict peacebuilding as articulated by the UNSG in An Agenda for Peace, the study focuses on how the United Nations implemented mine action initiatives in operationalising the concept of peacebuilding in Mozambique. In this context, the study reviews the UN operation in Mozambique (ONUMOZ) and its capacity, responsiveness and vision in implementing mine action initiatives, both in terms of the operational requirements of the ONUMOZ peacekeeping mission and the development oflonger-term humanitarian mine action programmes in Mozambique. To this end, the study views the establishment of a sustainable indigenous mine action capacity as a sine que non for post -conflict peacebuilding. From this perspective, the study interprets the 1999 Mine Ban Treaty Prohibiting the Use, Stockpile, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on their Destruction and the rights and obligations of Mozambique as a State Party to the Treaty as the most appropriate instrument towards the creation of an indigenous Mozambican mine action capacity to address the long-term effects oflandmines on post-conflict peacebuilding. In terms of methodology the approach was historical-analytical and in essence a deductive method of research was followed.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die einde van die Koue Oorlog het diepgaande verandering teweeggebring ten opsigte van die Verenigde Nasies se vredes en sekuriteits regime ter handhawing van internasionale vrede en sekuriteit. Hierdie periode is gekenmerk deur 'n skerp toename in intra-staatlike konflikte en gevolglik in die kwalitatiewe en kwantitatiewe aard en omvang van Verenigde Nasies vredesoperasies in terme van die VN Handves. Ten einde die verantwoordelikhede van die Verenigde Nasies met betrekking tot die handhawing van vrede en sekuriteit in die snel - veranderende konteks van die post - Koue Oorlog periode aan te spreek, het die Sekretaris - Generaal van die Verenigde Nasies, Boutros Boutros - Gali, in opdrag van die Veiligheidsraad die konseptuele fundering van die VN se rol verwoord in sy pioniersverslag - Agenda vir Vrede (1992). In sy verslag van Julie 1992 identifiseer en omskryf die Sekretaris-Generaal vyf verbandhoudende konsepte wat sou dien as meganismes ter beslegting van internasionale konflik, naamlik voorkomende diplomasie (preventive diplomacy), vredesingryping (peace enforcement), maak van vrede (peacemaking), vredesoperasies (peacekeeping) en post-konflik vredeskonsolidasie (post-conflict peacebuilding). Die Sekretaris-Generaal het post-konflik vredeskonsolidasie omskryf as die "vestiging van sosio-ekonomiese samewerking met die oogmerk om die sosiale, politieke en ekonomiese infrastruktuur te ontwikkel ten einde hernude konflik te voorkom en ter grondlegging van langdurige vrede". Met spesifieke verwysing na die korrelasie tussen landmyne en post-konflik vredeskonsolidasie het die Sekretaris-Generaal benadruk dat landmyne 'n bedreiging inhou vir die konsolidasie van vrede na burgeroorlog en interne konflik, en veral binne die raamwerk van 'n VN vredesoperasie in terme van 'n VN Veiligheidsraad mandaat. Die VN se vredesrol in Mosambiek word allerweë beskou as een van die mees suksesvolle VN vredesoperasies ooit. Die doel van die studie is gevolglik om ondersoek in te stel na die toepassing van die konsep van post-konflik vredeskonsolidasie met spesifieke verwysing na die Mosambiekse vredesproses en die rol van die Verenigde Nasies se Operasie in Mosambiek (ONUMOZ). In die opsig fokus die studie spesifiek op die rol van ONUMOZ (1992-1995) en suksesse en tekortkomings in sy vredesmandaat ten opsigte van die implementering van aksies om die kort-en-langtermyn impak van landmyne in terme van post-konflik vredeskonsolidasie in Mosambiek aan te spreek. Vanuit hierdie konteks, vertolk die studie die Landmyn Verdrag (1999) en die totale verbod op die aanwending, opgaar, produksie en oordrag van landmyne en die vernietiging daarvan as die mees geskikte raamwerk waarbinne Mosambiek 'n inheemse vermoë tot stand kan bring ten einde die langtermyn impak van landmyne op post-konflik vredeskonsolidasie effektief aan te spreek. Vanuit 'n metodologiese oogpunt word in hierdie studie histories analities te werk gegaan en die benadering is beskrywend - verklarend van aard. Verder is die metode van ondersoek in wese deduktief van aard.
Williams, Meagan. "Judicial Creativity or Justice Being Served? A Look at the Use of Joint Criminal Enterprise in the ICTY Prosecution". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc9721/.
Texto completo da fonteMoscoso, de la Cuba Pablo. "Analysis of the main elements of the International Court of Justice Judgment in the maritime dispute (Peru v. Chile) in the light of the parties positions". Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/115556.
Texto completo da fonteEl 27 de enero de 2014, la Corte Internacional de Justicia (CIJ), órgano judicial principal de la organización de las Naciones Unidas, dio su sentencia en el caso de la controversia marítima (Perú c. Chile), el cual el Perú presentó ante ella en enero de 2008. Durante el proceso ante la Corte, las partes presentaron posiciones fundamentalmente distintas sobre la existencia de un límite marítimo entre ellas y sobre cómo la Corte debía proceder para resolver este caso. Para llegar a su fallo, la Corte debió evaluar esos múltiples argumentos legales planteados por ambos Estados a lo largo de años. En particular, varios de los argumentos legales planteados por el Perú fueron aceptados por la Corte y acogidos en el fallo, desde la interpretación que dio a las proclamaciones de Perú y Chile de 1947, pasando por los argumentos que planteó el Perú sobre la Declaración de Santiago de 1952 (que había sido el núcleo del caso argumentado por Chile, el cual fue descartado por la Corte), hasta el argumento peruano en el sentido de que el Convenio sobre Zona Especial Fronteriza Marítima de 1954 no creó una zona de tolerancia que se extienda por doscientas millas marinas. Sin embargo, la Corte consideró que en ese tratado de 1954 las partes reconocieron la existencia de un acuerdo tácito, figura que no argumentaron las partes ante la Corte, pero que tiene su fundamentación legal en jurisprudencia previa de la CIJ. La Corte luego tuvo que determinar la extensión de ese acuerdo legal tácito, labor sumamente difícil ya que las partes no habían contemplado la existencia de esa figura ni argumentado hasta dónde se habría extendido la misma. Luego de establecer que el acuerdo legal tácito se extendía por ochenta millas marinas a lo largo de un paralelo de latitud, la Corte procedió a establecer un límite marítimo siguiendo exactamente las normas y principios sobre delimitación marítima planteados por el Perú, los cuales aplicados al caso determinan el establecimiento de una línea equidistante. Con relación al punto de inicio del límite marítimo, la Corte no empleó el punto planteado por el Perú pero, correctamente, dejó en claro que el punto de inicio del límite marítimo y el punto de inicio del límite terrestre no tienen necesariamente que coincidir. Finalmente, la manera como la Corte estableció el límite marítimo reconoce sin lugar a duda que el área antes llamada «triángulo exterior» corresponde exclusivamente al Perú, como ese Estado argumentó y Chile se opuso repetidas veces a lo largo de los años. En resumen, se trata de una decisión ajustada al derecho internacional y tomada sobre la base de la evidencia a disposición de la Corte, en la que esta emplea y confirma diversos de los argumentos legales planteados por el Perú durante el proceso, a pesar de todo lo que Chile argumentó contrariamente.
Marie-Vivien, Delphine. "Le droit des Indications Géographiques en Inde, un pays de l'Ancien monde face aux droits français, communautaire et international". Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00587307.
Texto completo da fonteBadia-Bellinger, Jordan Jose. "Hosting the Olympics: A Cost-Benefit Analysis of the Economic and Social Effects of the Olympic Games". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/509.
Texto completo da fonteKhasawneh, Bisher Hani. "An appraisal of the right of return and compensation of Jordanian nationals of Palestinian refugee origin and Jordan's right, under international law, to bring claims relating thereto, on their behalf to and against Israel and to seek compensation as a host state in light of the conclusion of the Jordan-Israel Peace Treaty of 1994". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2007. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2131/.
Texto completo da fonteSwart, Charl. "Public opinion on land reform in South Africa". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4377.
Texto completo da fonteENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study explores public opinion on land reform in South Africa using data gathered by Ipsos-Markinor in nationally representative public opinion surveys conducted in 2004 and 2007, and by an elite survey conducted by Centre for International and Comparative Politics in 2007. This study explores whether public opinion on land reform reveals distinct trends that correlate with the selected socio-demographic variables of race, language, party affiliation and social status. It is hypothesised that there is an identifiable correlation between these independent variables and the opinions of respondents on land reform, with specific groups tending to support land reform whilst other groups tend to reject it. The data analyses yielded results that highlight distinct trends in public opinion on land reform. Responses are clustered around specific characteristics of the independent variables and point towards distinct groups having specific views on land reform. From this set of findings it is inferred that public opinion on land reform illustrates that certain groups of South Africans have contrasting views of how the rule of law and transformation should find expression in a democratic society. These fundamentally differing opinions on key elements of democracy illustrate that South Africans hold diverging opinions of what constitutes democracy, through adherence to either the liberal or the liberationist model of democracy. These models were previously identified as two distinct and diverging interpretations of democracy in South Africa and were labelled as such. These two models uphold sharply divergent normative prescriptions of democracy, as well as contrasting prescriptions for various policies of democratic consolidation, including that of land reform.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Openbare mening oor grondhervorming in Suid-Afrika word in hierdie studie ondersoek. Die ondersoek maak gebruik van data ingewin deur Ipsos-Markinor in nasionaal verteenwoordigende openbare meningsopnames uitgevoer in 2004 en 2007, asook ‘n elite opname wat in 2007 uitgevoer is deur die Sentrum vir Internationale en Vergelykende Politiek (CICP). Hierdie studie ondersoek die moontlikheid dat openbare mening ten opsigte van grondhervorming met geselekteerde sosio-demografiese veranderlikes (ras, taal, politieke affiliasie en sosiale status) korreleer. Die hipotese is dat daar ‘n identifiseerbare korrelasie is tussen hierdie onafhanklike veranderlikes en die menings van die respondente ten opsigte van grondhervorming en dat daar spesifieke groepe is wat grondhervorming ondersteun en ander nie. Analise van die data toon duidelike tendense in openbare mening oor die kwessie van grondhervorming. Menings korreleer wel met die onafhanklike veranderlikes en wys daarop dat bepaalde sosiale groepe uiteenlopende standpunte het oor grondhervorming. Uit hierdie stel bevindinge maak die navorser die afleiding dat daar, binne die Suid- Afrikaanse bevolking, groepe is met uiteenlopende menings oor hoe die oppergesag van die reg en transformasie binne ‘n demokrasie uitgeleef moet word. Hierdie fundamenteel kontrasterende menings ten opsigte van hierdie sleutelelemente van demokrasie, illustreer dat Suid-Afrikaners uiteenlopende menings oor demokrasie het in die vorm van ondersteuning van hetsy die liberale- of bevrydingsmodelle van demokrasie. Hierdie modelle is as twee duidelike en afsonderlike interpretasies van demokrasie voorgestel en beskryf. Hierdie twee modelle verteenwoordig skerp uiteenlopende normatiewe beskouinge oor demokrasie, en bied daarmee saam, botsende beleidsvoorskrifte aan vir demokratiese konsolidering, insluitende beleid oor grondhervorming.
Mulder, Nicholas. "The Economic Weapon: Interwar Internationalism and the Rise of Sanctions, 1914-1945". Thesis, 2019. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-jdgq-ek74.
Texto completo da fonteSilva, Airton Ribeiro da. "Teaching International law in the Nineteenth-Century Brazil: a history of appropriation and assimilation (1827-1914)". Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1124811.
Texto completo da fonteDRAZEWSKA, Berenika. "Military necessity in international cultural heritage law : lessons learned from international humanitarian law, international criminal law and international environmental law". Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/40335.
Texto completo da fonteExamining Board: Professor Francesco Francioni, European University Institute (Supervisor); Professor Nehal Bhuta, European University Institute; Professor Manlio Frigo, Università degli Studi di Milano; Professor Ana Vrdoljak, University of Technology, Sydney.
It is now universally accepted that during armed conflicts, cultural property is entitled to a special status, which translates, inter alia, into a ban on its use for military purposes and a prohibition of acts of hostility against it as per the Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict (1954). However, this special status is weakened in the presence of a 'military necessity'; an elusive concept which equally limits the protected status of property of no cultural value. This raises questions whether in practice cultural property is at all given any special treatment during wars. This thesis argues that it is precisely the understanding of military necessity which constitutes the essential difference between the legal framework protecting 'regular' civilian property during armed conflicts and the framework for cultural property as lex specialis. Although the Convention's 1999 Second Protocol's definition of military necessity is formally only binding on half of the States participating in the Hague Convention, it corresponds to the customary criteria of necessity and proportionality. The evolutive character of that concept is also reflected in the case-law of international courts and in the military manuals of States not party to the Second Protocol. A narrow reading of military necessity in the cultural context is further supported by: the dynamic evolution of treaty and customary international law in the field; the rise of a new type of armed conflicts, which frequently feature cultural destruction as means of harming the enemy; the reinforcement of individual criminal responsibility for unlawful attacks against cultural property; the rise of erga omnes obligations, and, finally, analogies in the application of necessity in other fields of international law. If international practice continues to develop in this direction, the fundamental intention of the architects of the Hague Convention will be respected, and the world's cultural riches will have a better chance of escaping the greedy toll of wartime destruction and being preserved for the enjoyment of future generations.
Lamprecht, Andries Albertus. "International law in the post-1994 South African constitutions : terminology and application". Diss., 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/832.
Texto completo da fonteJurisprudence
LL. M.