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Jankowiak, Lucyna Agnieszka, e Elżbieta Kędelska. "Adama Stanisława Krasińskiego zapomniany Słownik synonimów polskich i jego poprzednicy". Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej 47 (25 de setembro de 2015): 39–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/sfps.2012.002.
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On Adam Stanisław Krasiński’s forgotten Słownik synonimów polskich and its predecessorsThe paper consists of two parts. The first one covers characteristics of dictionaries (dated from XVIth to XIXth century), groups of synonyms regarding mainly the Latin (e.g. Gradus ad Parnassum), which also include equivalents of national languages (especially the Calagius three-language dictionary was examined and Czech-Latin dictionaries of synonyms dated XVIth century). The second part of the paper is a discussion over methodology of the first Slavic dictionary of synonyms (Słownik synonimów polskich [Dictionary of Polish Synonyms]) by A. S. Krasiński. Not-elaborated in details so far (in the subject-matter literature) the dictionary combines a few types of dictionaries (apart from the dictionary of synonyms): general dictionary of Polish language, dictionary of phrasal verbs, language correctness dictionary, book of quotations and proverbs and translational dictionary.
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Krauze, Julia. "O najdawniejszej włoskiej leksykografii dwujęzycznej, znanej i nieznanej". Załącznik Kulturoznawczy, n.º 10 (31 de dezembro de 2023): 435–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/zk.2023.10.20.
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On the Earliest Italian Bilingual Lexicography, Known and Unknown Since the Latin language became part of the education system, all kinds of grammatical compendiums, dictionaries, and commentaries on classical works of Greco-Roman literature have been an indispensable tool for exploring its intricacies. The turn of the 14th and 15th centuries was extremely interesting in this respect as it abounded in diverse and original works of this type, especially in Italy. The issues of studiorum humanitatis are discussed in such works as Elegantiae Linguae Latinae by Lorenzo Valle, Regulae grammaticales by Guarino Guarini, Epitoma seu Regulae constructionis and Latini sermonis emporium by Antonio Mancinelli, or the less known bilingual Glossarium by Jacopo Ursello from Roccantica. The books testify to teachers’ intentions to respond to the specific educational needs existing at that time, when it was necessary to educate students in written, spoken, and—to an increasing extent—Vulgar Latin. This article analyzes the above-mentioned Latin textbooks by Antonio Mancinelli and Jacopo Ursello, in which various aspects of Italianization operate in the light of the most important lexicographic sources of the era.
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M, Stephen Mickel Ra. "Theological Dogmas in Karunambara Pathigam of Veermamunivar". International Research Journal of Tamil 3, S-2 (30 de abril de 2021): 151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt21s230.
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It is not exaggeration that Veermamunivar was very much proficient to start learning completely a different and new language after the age of thirty and to produce grammar, Literature and dictionaries in that Language. In his 36 years of life in Tamilnadu from 1711 till 1747 as a refined Tamilian. He has rendered great service in various disciplines such as making of sathuragarathi, production of grammar, Reformation in shapes of Literature, Writing Epics, creation of short-story, The advent of prose, outburst of minor literature, The bond between Tamil and Latin, The attempt to make Thirukural as Universal book. This essay attempts to explain various features such as Nature of God, His uniqueness, creations, and greatness of sacred feet, incomparable leadership, omnipotence, gracious benevolence. These features are found in one of his minor Literatures callerd Karunambara Pathigam,
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Morin, Regina. "Evidence in the Spanish language press of linguistic borrowings of computer and Internet-related terms". Spanish in Context 3, n.º 2 (30 de agosto de 2006): 161–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sic.3.2.01mor.
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With the rise of the Internet, English has become a source of borrowing of computer terms in many languages, including Spanish. Many of these borrowings are rapidly making their way into the Spanish language press. A survey of newspapers from eight Latin American countries yielded a total of 231 lexical borrowings of different types, all related to broad fields, such as software, hardware, data, and Internet-related terms. These borrowings can be classified as loanwords, calques of various kinds, including loan translations and semantic extensions, and loanblends. Many have already appeared in monolingual Spanish dictionaries, such as the Diccionario de la Real Academia, and in a number of dictionaries of Hispanic Anglicisms.
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Chircu, Adrian. "Adjectifs hérités du latin à valeur adverbiale en istro-roumain". Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Philologia 67, n.º 1 (25 de março de 2022): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbphilo.2022.1.03.
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"Latin inherited Adjectives used as Adverbials in Istro-Romanian. Our study aims to research the adverbial use of adjectives (followed or not by prepositions) inherited from Latin into Istro-Romanian, one of the South-Danubian Romanian dialects which is threatened nowadays with extinction, as foreseen by the majority of linguists interested in this dialectal variety of the Romanian language. In order to pursue an objective analysis we will rely generally on the standard Romanian language and on the description of Istro-Romanian adjectives and adverbs according to specialized literature (treaties, monographies, further studies, dictionaries, glossaries, dialectal texts and so on) as proof for our research, but we will also rely on Latin as well as other Romance languages. We would also like to highlight that such a research has not been undertaken until the present moment. Our research will have an impact not only on the description of a particular aspect discovered in Istro-Romanian, but also on Romanian as a whole or on the Neo-Latin languages, by pointing out certain language-specific structural concordances. Keywords: adjective, adverb, preposition, Latin, Romance languages, Romanian, Istro-Romanian, dialect, dialectal morphology "
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Huisa Téllez, José Carlos. "La impronta política en la primera lexicografía hispanoamericana: republicanismo y antirrepublicanismo". Lexis 37, n.º 2 (31 de dezembro de 2013): 269–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.18800/lexis.201302.002.
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ResumenEl estudio de la primera lexicografía hispanoamericana después de la independencia de España ha descuidado hasta hoy la estrecha relación que existe entre los primeros diccionarios, llamados de provincialismos, y el contexto socio-histórico en el que fueron elaborados. Como parte de este, el proceso de formación nacional, especialmente en relación con la creación política de un Estado y su repercusión en las sociedades hispanoamericanas, es un elemento que marca con claridad la naturaleza de las obras encuestión, de tal manera que puede hablarse de una determinante impronta política en ellas. Este artículo propone el estudio renovado de las obras fundacionales de la lexicografía hispanoamericana a partir de esta perspectiva y lo ejemplifica con la lectura y comparación de las dos más representativas, el Diccionario de chilenismos (1875) de Zorobabel Rodríguez y el Diccionario de peruanismos. Ensayo filológico (1883-1884) de Juan de Arona, especialmente en relación con la noción de republicanismo.So far the study of the first Latin American lexicography after it’s independence from Spain has neglected the close relationship between the first dictionaries, referred as “provincialism dictionaries”, and the socio-historical context in which they were elaborated. The process of nation-building, especially in relation to the creation of a state policy and its impact in Latin American societies, is an element that makes clear the nature of the works in question, so that we can talk about a decisive political imprint on them. This paper proposes a renewed study of the foundational works of Spanish American lexicography from this perspective and exemplified with reading and comparison of the two most representative dictionaries, the Zorobabel Rodríguez’s Diccionario de chilenismos (1875) and the Juan de Arona’s Diccionario de peruanismos. Ensayo filológico (1883-1884), especially in relation to the notion of republicanism.
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Nikolaev, Alexander. "LATINDRAUCUS". Classical Quarterly 64, n.º 1 (16 de abril de 2014): 316–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838813000748.
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The rare Latin worddraucusis known almost exclusively from Martial. Older dictionaries and handbooks used to gloss the word as ‘sodomite’, until Housman showed thatdraucusis in fact ‘as innocent a word ascomoedus, and simply means one who performs feats of strength in public’. Thus, Mart. 7.67.5–6 concerns weightlifting:gravesque draucis|halteras facili rotat lacerto(‘and with effortless arm she rotates weights that would tax adraucus’), while 14.48 describesdrauciplaying hand-ball (harpastum):Haec rapit Antaei velox in pulvere draucus|grandia qui vano colla labore facit(‘These the swiftdraucus, who makes his neck big by futile toil, snatches in Antaeus’ dust').
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Roig-Marín, Amanda. "A Study of Northern English Vocabulary in Medieval Latin Texts: The Case of the Durham Account Rolls". Anglia 140, n.º 2 (1 de junho de 2022): 163–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ang-2022-0017.
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Abstract This article draws on previous work on word geography in Northern Middle English and Early Modern English, which has made use of English monolingual sources, and, for the first time, applies it to the vocabulary present in multilingual texts whose matrix language is Medieval Latin, in this case, the Durham Account Rolls (DAR). Taking a database of c. 380 lexical items culled from the DAR as its basis, it proposes a taxonomy for the study of northern vernacular vocabulary on the grounds of different kinds of evidence: orthographic (words exhibiting northern orthography), textual (words recorded in northern manuscripts), semantic (words for northern concepts) and diachronic development (words established as northern in later forms of English). It highlights the role of dictionaries such as the OED, MED and DOST in constructing our understanding of what is meant by ‘northern’ and emphasises how often it might be essential to revise the lexicographical labels of these dictionaries. More importantly, it underscores the potential of multilingual texts in enlarging the body of historical sources, traditionally in monolingual English, used for lexicographical and lexicological research.
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Haldenwang, Sigrid. "Zu den Bedeutungen einiger im Siebenbürgisch-Sächsischen bezeugten Substantive: Fisimatenten, Kramantes, Mäuse, Schnörkel, Spamponaden; Ambāgesz, Fortomäntul, Matāni (Matānyǝ)". Germanistische Beiträge 49, n.º 1 (1 de dezembro de 2023): 181–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/gb-2023-0010.
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Abstract The aim of this article is to elaborate on the nouns listed in the title based on selected vernacular records, which in a certain phrase, but also by themselves, express the meanings making troubles/difficulties and seeking excuses/evasions . First of all, Transylvanian Saxon and High German respectively the German colloquial language have these lexemes in common, as well as vernacular words that do not belong to this linguistic level. Furthermore, it should be clarified that these vernacular words are attested in different sound variants from case to case in the Rhenish, in the Palatine and in the Bavarian-Austrian vernaculars, in the same or similar meanings in corresponding vernacular dictionaries. Transylvanian Saxon proper vocabulary is represented by a borrowing from Latin and two borrowings from Romanian. The dialect documents presented in the article are taken from the Transylvanian-Saxon Dictionary, its archive, the North Transylvanian Dictionary as well as from dialect and specialist literature. The etymological explanations respectively the etymological considerations of the analyzed lexemes have been prepared mainly based on relevant specialist dictionaries.
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Nývlt, Pavel. "Claretus And the City: The Glossarius, Its Latin Neologisms and Its Reception in Municipal Administrative Texts". Trends in Classics 15, n.º 1 (1 de julho de 2023): 131–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tc-2023-0007.
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Abstract The influence of Medieval Latin dictionaries on other genres of Medieval Latin literature was limited by two factors: their tendency to preserve ancient hapaxes that appeared nowhere else, and their creativity, resulting in the formation of words no other writer used. A prime example of the latter attitude are the poems written by a 14th-century Czech lexicographer known as Claretus. After a brief outline of the structure of his last and longest versed dictionary, the Glossarius, Claretus’ knack for word-formation is illustrated by several hundred nouns denoting activities, actions, and persons with selected suffixes. Documents created by municipal administration in the 14th and 15th centuries also contain a goodly number of neologisms, even hapax legomena, and verbal overlaps alone are by no means sufficient to prove their authors were acquainted with Claretus’ poems. Nevertheless, I argue that Claretus’ influence is detectable in a handful of administrative texts from medieval Bohemia.
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Jurinjak, Zorana, e Nataša Lukić. "Lexical-semantic analysis of names of infectious diseases in English and Serbian". PONS - medicinski casopis 20, n.º 1 (2023): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/pomc2023-43277.
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The issue of this paper is the analysis of infectious disease terms in English and their Serbian equivalents. The author also deals with the influence of the English language on the terminology of infectious diseases in Serbian as a consequence of the contact between these two languages. During the study, professional literature in English, bilingual and monolingual medical and veterinary dictionaries, bilingual collections of papers, abstract books, etymological dictionaries and other works on a similar topic in this area have been used. The analysis is based on 185 English terms and 196 Serbian equivalents for 173 infectious diseases. The processes of the development of terms are established on lexical level and they show great influence of Latin and Greek on both languages. Hybrid loanwords constitute a large section of English corpus, and the most common translation technique is calc. Based on contrastive analysis, the match, mismatch, similarities and differences are found in morphological, syntactic and semantic level. The research shows that a match occurs in over 60% of cases, and that the semantic differences are largely a matter of zero relations. The paper provides the statistical analyses of the research and a series of representative examples in both languages.
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Broecke, Lara Abigail. "On the Trail of Lost Ingredients". Meridies. Estudios de Historia y Patrimonio de la Edad Media, n.º 11 (5 de março de 2020): 70–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21071/meridies.vi11.12196.
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This paper addresses the question of translation as research. Using examples from Cennino Cennini’s Libro dell’arte and the 15th century Bolognese Manuscript, written in Italian and Latin, the author uses case studies to exemplify the use of secondary literature, dictionaries and comparative evidence from within the manuscript itself for the identification of materials. The author concludes that translation imposes a very strict discipline, which constrains the translator to push lexical research to its limits.Este documento aborda la cuestión de la traducción como investigación. Utilizando ejemplos del Libro dell'arte de Cennino Cennini y el manuscrito boloñés del siglo XV, escritos en italiano y latín, el autor utiliza estudios de caso para ejemplificar el uso de literatura secundaria, diccionarios y evidencia comparativa del interior del propio manuscrito para la identificación de materiales. El autor concluye que la traducción impone una disciplina muy estricta, que obliga al traductor a llevar la investigación léxica a sus límites.
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Smirnova, Anna S. "The specifics of the use of the pronoun pair sei — onyi in the works of M.V.Lomonosov". Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature 18, n.º 3 (2021): 609–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2021.311.
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Based on the National corpus data of the Russian language and especially on Mikhail Lomonosov’s texts, the article focuses on a pronoun pair sei — onyi. In the Church Slavonic and in the Middle Russian language these pronouns were used in the deictic and substitution (anaphoric) function. The pronoun pair sei and onyi in a phrase or period indicates a juxtaposition or opposition of objects and these pronouns are used in a substitution function. Closer attention to these pronouns in Lomonosov’s works and translations makes it possible to notice one feature that is not fixed in dictionaries and grammars, the peculiarity of using this pair of pronouns in anaphoric function: sei replaces the last (nearest) mentioned object and onyi replaces the first mentioned one. Rare examples of such use are also found in the translated texts of the Church Slavonic and Middle Russian corpus. Similar examples are found in the body of Lomonosov’s texts not only in his translated texts, but also in his self-translations and own Russian works (in prose and poetry). As the examples illustrate, the use of the pronominal pair sei — onyi in Lomonosov’s texts was influenced by the pronominal pair hic — ille in the classical Latin. By borrowing and developing the Latin model of pronouns Lomonosov sought to combine the Russian language with the Latin element in order to show the relationship of the Russian language with the ancient one and their cultural equality.
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Sbaihat, Ahlam. "Khadijah’s Image in 19th Century Orientalism". Al-Jami'ah: Journal of Islamic Studies 60, n.º 2 (24 de novembro de 2022): 399–426. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2022.602.399-426.
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Khadijah, Prophet Muhammad’s first wife, has remained a victim in Latin and vernacular literature in the West until the 18th century. According to texts in Latin and some vernacular languages written and impacted more by the Church mindset, Muhammad is a manipulator man who used Khadijah to gain wealth and power through marriage. However, this image has changed decisively as a result to the new historical approach of the French Historical Scholar School followed at the beginning of the 19th century. The present study investigates the image of Khadijah in French texts based on the image studies analysis. Particularly, forty-nine French texts published in the 19th century were studied and analyzed. The texts include books, dictionaries, encyclopedias, journals of literature and science. The results show that the image of Khadijah has changed drastically. Khadijah, the rich widow made a major contribution to the founding of the new creed mentality of Islam. Khadijah is no longer the persecuted victim of Muhammad; but an intelligent, wise, supporter and loving wife. Moreover, another analysis of these texts shows that since the 18th century, the characters of Muhammad and Khadijah were used in French fantasia that imitates the Arabian Nights.[Istri pertama Nabi Muhammad, Khadijah, masih diceritakan sebagai obyek penderita dalam literatur bahasa Latin dan Eropa hingga abad 18. Berdasarkan teks-teks latin dan yang dipengaruhi oleh mindset gereja, Muhammad merupakan orang yang memanfaatkan perkawinannya dengan Khadijah untuk meraih kemakmuran dan pengaruh politik. Namun gambaran itu perlahan memudar seiring dengan berkembangnya pendekatan sejarah baru para sejarahwan Prancis dan diikuti oleh sarjana lainnya hingga awal abad 19. Pada tulisan ini akan mengkaji gambaran Khadijah dalam teks-teks berbahasa Prancis. Setidaknya ada 49 tulisan yang akan dibahas dan dianalisis termasuk diantaranya, buku, kamus, ensiklopedia, artikel jurnal sastra dan sains. Kesimpulannya menunjukkan bahwa gambaran tentang Khadijah berubah drastis, dia sebagai janda kaya telah memberikan kontribusi besar dalam meletakkan mentalitas baru umat Islam. Khadijah bukanlah obyek penderita, tapi seorang yang pandai, bijak, pendukung utama dan istri yang mencintai suaminya, Muhammad. Selain itu, karakter Muhammad dan Khadijah hingga abad 18 digunakan sebagai fantasi yang disejajarkan dengan kisah Seribu Satu Malam.]
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Myers, Charles W., e Richard B. Stothers. "The myth of Hylas revisited: the frog name Hyla and other commentary on Specimen medicum (1768) of J. N. Laurenti, the “father of herpetology”". Archives of Natural History 33, n.º 2 (outubro de 2006): 241–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2006.33.2.241.
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Laurenti's (1768) Specimen medicum, exhibens synopsin reptilium is the source for the class name Reptilia and for many common genera, including Hyla, whose derivation is given incorrectly in dictionaries and source books. Laurenti explicitly based Hyla on the mythological boy Hylas, quoting Virgil's Eclogues in a long footnote abbreviated from Servius, the fourth-century Latin commentator on Virgil. Laurenti recognized the boy's name as masculine, but unambiguously treated the genus Hyla as feminine – a puzzling transfer of gender allowable by the modern Code of zoological nomenclature. An overview is provided of the taxonomy of Specimen medicum. Most of Laurenti's 28 generic names were obtained from earlier sources, including Linnaean species names, among them Rana hyla. Laurenti saw specimens for nearly a third of 242 included species. Other species, including twelve taxa ostensibly based solely on specimens, came from descriptions and especially illustrations in sixteenth- to eighteenth-century publications. Laurenti's taxonomic sources, variably abbreviated and usually undated, are identified and referenced. Authors have misinterpreted the literature basis for Laurenti's genus Caudiverbera, the type species of which is mythical, belonging neither to the Amphibia nor Reptilia.
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Gaj, Beata. "Genethliacon for Barbara Bogołębska, or on the Need to Celebrate Birthdays and Anniversaries". Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica 54, n.º 3 (30 de setembro de 2019): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1505-9057.54.02.
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The most popular Polish dictionaries of literary terms, which offer the definitions of even long lost and extremely particular genres such as Indian or Japanese drama, lack even the basic information on the genre which has existed in European literature (and even outside it) for the last 23 centuries. Genethliacon is a genre which has existed since the times of Callimachus (3rd c. BC), which has been used to celebrate a person’s birth or the anniversary of their birth. Genethliacons may be of a lyrical, dramatic or rhetorical nature, and are still practised today in various languages of the world (in Latin, in line with the ancient tradition). This article provides an outline of the development of the genre within the European tradition. Initial birthday songs, usually connoting Apollo, linked people with light and poetry. What is particularly interesting is that the basic characteristics of genethliacon’s genes have not undergo any major changes throughout the many ages. The celebration of one’s birth, anniversaries and other jubilees still entails wishes, and gift-giving, including poetry developed for the occasion. It may be worthwhile to preserve such a beautiful tradition by giving someone an originally composed genethliacon, e.g. Genetliacon Barbarae Bogołębskae dedicatum.
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dos Santos Dantas Lima, Letícia, Luiz Felipe Domingues Passero, Alexandre Indriunas, Ingrid de Souza Santos, Luíza Francisco Uchôa Coqueiro, Kayo Alexandre Souza da Cruz, Adriana Batista de Almeida, José Carlos Fernandes Galduróz e Eliana Rodrigues. "The Meaning of Plants’ Names: A New Discovering Approach to Its Medicinal and/or Toxic Properties". Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2024 (19 de fevereiro de 2024): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/6678557.
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Some of the vernacular or scientific names are related to possible medicinal and/or toxic properties that can reveal the presence of potential bioactive agents, contributing to the discovery of new drugs and/or knowledge of the risks associated with their use. This study sought to list the scientific and vernacular names of plants whose lexicons are related to those possible properties of plants and to compare them with the “ethno” (ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological) and pharmacological data available in the scientific literature. A floating reading of the two classical and reference works on Brazilian medicinal plants was performed, and plants with vernacular and/or scientific names related to the possible medicinal and/or toxic properties were listed. Correlations between the meanings of the species’ names (lexicon) and their possible biological properties were made from their translation from Latin by consulting dictionaries. A bibliographic survey was conducted on the “ethno” and pharmacological data for each species. Finally, data from these three dimensions (lexicon, “ethno,” and pharmacology) were classified and compared using a bioprospection classification. It resulted in a list of 90 plant species belonging to 47 families. 66 of the 90 species presented “ethno” data from the scientific literature, while 46 species presented pharmacological data. Of these, 46 (69.7%) and 27 (58.7%), respectively, showed equivalence with the possible medicinal and/or toxic properties of plants according to their lexicons. According to this study, half of the plants investigated demonstrate equivalence in the three dimensions analyzed (lexicons, “ethno,” and pharmacological data from the scientific literature). Gastrointestinal and nervous system categories are among the most common in all three dimensions. Plant lexicons may be closely linked to the possible medicinal and/or toxic properties and the study of plant lexicons may represent one more approach for the search for new drugs, mainly considering the gastrointestinal, nervous, and parasites categories.
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Wewers, Gerd A. "Daniel SPERBER, A Dictionary of Greek and Latin Legal Terms in Rabbinic Literature (Dictionaries of Talmud, Midrash and Targum I), Bar-Ilan University Press 1984, 226 S., cloth., $ 32,50". Journal for the Study of Judaism 17, n.º 1 (1986): 119–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006386x00293.
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Bidnoshyia, Yu. "THE PHENOMENON OF WRITTEN DIALECT TEXTS (NAIVE POETRY OF NORTHERN PODLACHIA)". Вісник Житомирського державного університету імені Івана Франка. Філологічні науки, n.º 1(96) (6 de setembro de 2022): 52–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/philology.1(96).2022.52-74.
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The article examines the issue of works of naive literature as written monuments of the dialect language. Based on the materials of the ethnolinguistic-dialectological expedition of 2005, nine poems of two authors from the vicinity of Bielsk Podlaski – Olha Onatsyk (born in 1921, Yagushtovo village) and Volodymyr Sosna (born in 1937, Pashkivshchyna village) – were introduced into scientific circulation and analyzed in linguistic and thematic terms. From a psychological point of view, the desire to write poetry arose among numerous naive poets of Northern Podlachia mainly because of the desire to fill a kind of lacuna associated with the functional limitation of the native language. In the case of such poets, usually retired peasants, the value of their works for humanitarian studies is determined not only by the representation of the peasant picture of the world, but also (or primarily) by the language itself. The archaic dialects used by them deserve the special attention as one of the most important parts of ethnoculture. The themes and stylistic means of the presented works confirm the researchers' conclusion that such poetry "stands between literature and folklore". The works of both amateur poets are presented according to manuscripts and parallel audio recording (author's reading) – this approach allows to avoid subjectivism when evaluating dialectal phenomena, primarily phonetic ones. Particular attention is paid to the unique dialect features in the manuscripts. The principles of publishing works of Podlachian naive literature written in Latin graphics are proposed: accurate transmission of manuscripts, parallel transliteration in Cyrillic, commenting on unclear lexemes (narrow-local dialectisms, borrowings). The importance of preserving the ethno-cultural heritage of the Ukrainians of Northern Podlachia is emphasized. Systematic research, the publication of ethnolinguistic descriptions, dialect texts and dictionaries will allow us to create a reliable picture of the current state of the dialects of the Buh and Narva interfluve, the last area where Ukrainians live compactly on the territory of Poland.
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Ferro, Maria. "Church Slavonic Words имарменя, фатунъ, фортунa in Maximus the Greek’s Works". Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 2. Jazykoznanije, n.º 6 (março de 2021): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu2.2020.6.2.
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Within the linguistic research on the works of Maximus the Greek, the article raises the question of the peculiarities of an individual intellectual dictionary in his creative work. The object of this study is the authors use of three terms conveying the concept of "fate", in particular the lexical borrowing from the Greek είμαρμένη and from the Latin words fatum and fortuna, rarely used in Church Slavonic literature up to the 16 th cent. The use of significant terms is described through lexicographical analysis in the first two volumes of the modern edition of Maximus the Greeks works. Special attention is paid to the comparison of the meanings of individual words and their functioning with the data taken from the historical section of the National Corpus of the Russian language, and as well as from a selection of dictionaries of Old Church Slavonic and Church Slavonic languages, in order to identify the characteristic features of lexical preferences of Maximus the Greek. Thorough contextual analysis of the texts allows us to show how, conveying the concept of necessity caused by the stars or mysterious destiny, the author shows himself as an innovator, enriching Church Slavonic vocabulary with new borrowings. The article verifies the hypothesis about the reasons for lexical preferences of Maximus the Greek and makes assumptions about the interpretation of synonymy of the words denoting "fate" that appears in the studied texts. Linguistic goals, formulated on the basis of the results obtained, can be achieved only taking into consideration the general trends in the development of religious and philosophical thought in Europe in the Early Modern Era.
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Melnyk, I. O. "THE PECULIARITIES OF THE INTERPRETATION OF THE CONCEPT OF WILL IN THE SERMONS OF A. RADIVILOVSKY". Linguistic and Conceptual Views of the World, n.º 66 (2) (2019): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2520-6397.2019.2.11.
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The article provides the concept of the will, its interpretation in the selected dictionaries and the sermon of A. Radivilovsky since it is an important notion in the linguistic world image of Ukrainians. The visions of the concept of A. Radivilovsky and other writers of that time are compared. The inter- est for the interpretation and understanding of this concept appeared in Ukrainian culture in the 17th century. The reason for this was the penetration of Latin-Polish literature into the territory of Ukraine. The interpretations of the will were quite different, even within one century. So-called «evolution» of the concept can be traced back to the dictionaries that record the vocabulary of the researched period («Lexicon» by Pamba Berynda., «Materials» to the dictionary by E. Timchenko and «Dictionary of the Ukrainian language of the 16th – the first half of the 17th century»). The change of the conceptual world image of Ukrainians, specifically in the ratio of such concepts as God and Man, is observed in the second half of the 17th century. A. Radivilovsky is an innovator in this regard. For him as well as for I. Gisel, freedom is defined as the path to the Salvation. An important thing is that A. Radilovsky appeals to the will not in a specific sense. The main point for him is freedom of the will which he defines as a special gift from God that is given to a man in order to live for good and increase the glory of the Lord. In the sermon he refers to the work of Blessed Augustine. The preacher believes that a person who chose a righteous path with his own will can reach the Salvation. God gives everyone freedom to choose, and therefore nobody makes a person do what he does not want to do. In order to confirm his ideas, A. Radilovsky presents the biblical parables, legends or histories of ancient gods or rulers. So, A. Radilovsky refers to the problem of freedom of the will because the society of that time required a different interpretation of some religious concepts through rationalistic worldview. Accord- ing to the preacher, the will is the path to the Highest Blessed Peace, a special gift from God. Such an interpretation differs from the ideas of philosophers of the first half of the 20th century. A. Radilovsky emphasizes that even doing it unconsciously a person still has to make a choice in favor of God. That is, having noted that everyone has a right to make their own choice, the preacher unknowingly denies this fact. The concept of the will plays an important role in the sermon since it gives us an idea of the contemporary understanding of the notion and its place in the religious texts.
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Zharov, Boris. "From the history of Danish-Russian bilingual lexicography. Ivan Stscelkunoff (1870–1966) and his dictionary". Scandinavian Philology 20, n.º 1 (2022): 210–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu21.2022.112.
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The first Danish-Russian dictionary (Dansk-Russisk Ordbog) was published in Denmark in 1949. Author Ivan Stchelkunoff was born in Copenhagen to a family that moved from Russia. He received a good education, studied at the prestigious Metropolitan School, then at the University of Copenhagen, majoring in Latin, Greek and English. In 1901–1910 he was an Orthodox deacon in Athens. The years after returning to Denmark until 1917 were very successful. He was priest of the Imperial Diplomatic Mission of Russia, priest of the Alexander Nevsky Church in Copenhagen. He implemented several projects related to Russia. He published a book based on the history of Russia, Letters of Empress Catherine to the Dowager Queen Juliane Maria, a translation of I. S. Turgenev’s novel The Day Before, Russian Textbook for Beginners, Russian Commercial Correspondence, and two pocket dictionaries: Danish-Russian and Russian- Danish. In the early 1920s he moved from Copenhagen to Bornholm, where he became a teacher. He told about his life in the book Fifty years under the golden domes. Denmark, Greece, Russia. The publication of translations of L. N. Tolstoy’s novel Anna Karenina and two Ehrenburg books belongs to this period. In 1945, after the surrender of Germany, Soviet soldiers had to liberate the island due to the ridiculous orders of the German command. In 1945–1946, when they were on the island, Stchelkunoff was “an interpreter for Russian soldiers.” The Danish-Russian dictionary was created for a long time, from 1934 to 1946. In the preface, the author expresses gratitude to professor Holger Pedersen, who helped him. The dictionary was published in 1949 shortly after the adoption of changes in Danish spelling, but they could not be taken into account. Danish-Russian Dictionary is aimed at Danish users “who want to learn Russian, but it can be useful for Russians who want to get directly acquainted with Danish literature while reading.” Therefore, the author made do with minimal grammatical explanations. There are no lists of abbreviations and geographical names that are given in the corpus. The dictionary is satisfactory for this volume (about 30.000 words), although there are non-obvious lexemes for this pair of languages. In general, the dictionary can be assessed as reliable, conscientiously made and very timely appeared.
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Jordan, Victoria B. "Dictionarius/Dictionnaire Latin-Français de Firmin Le Ver.Firminus Verris , Brian Merrilees , William Edwards". Speculum 71, n.º 4 (outubro de 1996): 948–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2865739.
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Crowther, Alice. "A Manuscript Russian-Chinese-Manchu Dictionary (from before 1737) in T.S. Bayer’s Papers in Glasgow University Library. Part II: Notes on the Manchu and Chinese Lexica and the Transcription of Manchu". Written Monuments of the Orient 8, n.º 2 (27 de janeiro de 2023): 3–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.55512/wmo114834.
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This article is the second part of a two-part presentation of an anonymous Russian-Chinese-Manchu manuscript dictionary from before 1737 held in the papers of T.S. Bayer (16941738) in Glasgow University Library. It examines the annotations found on sixty of the dictionarys 217 pages. These annotations use a mixture of Cyrillic and Latin script to give the pronunciation of the Chinese and Manchu entries. The article also discusses otherwise unattested Chinese and Manchu lexical entries found in the dictionary, and the use of popular variant character forms in the Chinese entries.
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Ūdre, Sandra. "LATGALIAN, LITHUANIAN AND BELORUSIAN LEXICON, CONNECTED WITH TRADE". Via Latgalica, n.º 6 (31 de dezembro de 2014): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/latg2014.6.1664.
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<p>Market as a cultural and historical social phenomenon enchains researchers in many respects. There must be mentioned significant studies on the market in Latgalian and Lithuanian culture, carried out by Angelika Juško-Štekele, Daina Kraukle and Gintautas Mažeikis, but Sylvia Papaurėlytė has focused on the market in the aspect of language world, particularly paying attention to trade-related Belarusian lexicon in transaction documents of the 15–17th century. The goal of the study is applying linguo-cultural approach to compare contrastively the designation of trading process, the persons, involved in trade, currency, as well as related phraseology parallels in Latgalian, Lithuanian and Belarusian language. The selected sources are most significant lexicography literature, modern electronic dictionaries and contemporary text corpora and Latgalian press.</p><p>The lexeme торгъ ‘market’ frequently used in Belarusian transaction documents of the 15–17th century maintains its topicality in Latgalian and Lithuanian literature.The lexeme of the same root torgi ‘auction’ is frequently used in Latgalian press in the 20s–30s of the 20th century. With the strengthening of Catholicism, in the 17th century market process was related to the church rebate and the Belarusian word кiрмаш ‘market’ (< German Kirchmesse) was introduced into Latgalian language.</p><p>The synonyms of the designation of the person, who is engaged in trading, form several lexical thematic groups (distinguished as a basic occupation, by the sold goods, by trading type, by the function to be performed). Trade-related denotative components do not appear in Latgalian lexicon, but the lexical meaning of Latgalian lexeme žyds ‘Jew’ is associated with the Jewish basic occupation.</p><p>Both in archaeological and ancient texts there can be found the names of the coins, which demonstrate a great diversity of monetary units, but only a few historical monetary unit names are used in the recent time language and are well-established in phraseology. The most popular name in Latgalian, Lithuanian and Belarusian language is grass–grošis–грош ‘groat’.</p><p>The word index of the first Latgalian book “Evangelia toto anno 1753”, which is the New Testament excerpta, shows, that the word grass, that is indistinctive to biblical texts, is found 12 times. This lexeme can also be found in Jan Kurmin’s Polish-Latin-Latvian dictionary: Grosz. Nummus. Groszys, v. Dzienuszka (Kurmin 1858: 36). In Latgalian and Lithuanian texts the word grass–grošis is used with the meaning ‘small amount of money’.</p><p>A phraseological component grass–grošis–грош maintains the semantics of a small amount of money and something worthless. There can be found parallels of a variety of phraseological units in all three languages, which most directly shows the common understanding of the value of money. The word skatikas appears in Lithuanian phraseological units as a synonym of the same semantics of worthless money.</p><p>A kopeck–kapeika–капейкa unlike grass–grošis–грош is a small unit, but a ruble, rublis–rublys–рубль is a large monetary unit (sova kapeika lobuoka par cara rubli ‘own kopeck is better than the tsar’s ruble’). In phraseological units with the component kopeck–kapeika–капейкa there appears the motive of saving and earning money, though it is a small amount of money (sova kapeika teik ‘some kopeck is gotten’; kapeika įkrito į delną ‘a little money is earned’; капейкa ў капейку ‘kopeck to kopeck’; жывая капейкa ‘profitable’).</p><p>Historicisms such as červoncs ‘tenner’ and dukats ‘ducat’ are less popular in Latgalian texts.</p><p>There can be concluded, that Latgalian language of three languages discussed above reflects the least trade-related nuances and Latgalians feel themselves as passive victims of transactions done by others.</p>
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Broeyer, F. G. M. "De Irenische Perkins-Vertaling Van De Arminiaan Everard Booth (1577-1610) 1". Nederlands Archief voor Kerkgeschiedenis / Dutch Review of Church History 71, n.º 2 (1991): 177–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/002820391x00195.
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AbstractBooth's Translation of an Irenical Perkins-Book In 1604 the Utrecht minister Everard Booth (1577-1610) published a translation of William Perkins' 'A Reformed Catholike'. Because of this translation, biographical dictionaries and other literature say that he must have agreed more or less with the predestinarian views of Franciscus Gomarus. In the conflict between Franciscus Gomarus and Jacobus Arminius, Perkins played an important part. He owes this to Arminius, who wrote a book against him and utterly disliked his ideas on predestination, the certainty of faith and final perseverance. The problem is that Booth attended the Conventus Praeparatorius (1607), a meeting meant for the preparation of a national synod. Here he agreed with Arminius on the question of whether the Belgic confession ought to be revised or not. In 1610, the year of his death, Booth's position raises even less doubt. He proved himself to be an Arminian. So his translation of Perkins might point to a change in his outlook or to a moderate stand. However, there is a better solution to the riddle of how a potential Arminian could like Perkins. Perkins' 'A Reformed Catholike' (1597) is an item in the syllabus of irenical writings, released by the French diplomat Jean Hotman in 1607 and extended later on. Utrecht was a former cathedral city which still had a high percentage of Roman Catholic inhabitants. Presumably Booth's attention was drawn to 'A Reformed Catholike' because of its irenical character. He may have considered the book as a means to bring his Catholic fellow citizens to other thoughts. In the same year, 1604, a second Dutchman, Vincent Meusevoet, translated 'A Reformed Catholike' too. He published it together with a translation of a highly polemical book written by Perkins, 'A Warning against the Idolatrie of the Last Times'. Booth did not do things in this way. Incidentally, he took a Latin edition of Perkins' book as his source, not the original English work, as Meusevoet did. 'A Reformed Catholike' is, indeed an irenical treatise. Perkins started his chapters with a discourse on the issues agreed on among Catholics and Protestants. Especially illustrative is the sixteenth chapter dealing with the faith. In the first part of this chapter, devoted to the common elements, he discussed his favourite theme for bruised consciences, namely that a small portion of faith, a faith as a grain of mustard seed, is sufficient in the eyes of God for salvation. So Roman Catholics who desired to believe could assume that they would be children of God, according to Perkins. As a matter of course, nobody was entitled to be satisfied with a small sparkle of faith: man had to aim at an increasing faith. Yet the 'infolded faith' really had a great importance according to Perkins. He showed himself open to the Roman Catholics on a central point in his theological thinking. Booth must have felt attracted to thoughts like those mentioned in 'A Reformed Catholike'. He was an irenical theologian. In the Dutch predestinarian conflict, the irenicists often turned out to be Arminians later on. Notwithstanding his English example Booth's irenical feelings placed him alongside the Arminians with their less unquestioning ideas. One indication of Booth's gifts as an irenicist is what became of the Utrecht Reformed community after his arrival (1602). For many years it had been in a state of turmoil. There were many people who steadfastly refused to go to church in Utrecht. They blamed the Consistory because it danced to the piping of the magistrate. After his arrival the situation improved. During his ministry (1602-1610) the Utrecht church enjoyed a period of peace. This may be mainly due to his influence. Booth was a pupil of the Leiden professor Franciscus Junius, the author of the 'Eirenicum de Pace Ecclesiae Catholicae'. Junius tried to mediate between the religious parties in Utrecht from 1593 onwards. Everard Booth followed in his footsteps.
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Markova, N. M., E. I. Arinin e V. S. Martirosyan. "The Phenomenon of Authors Religiosity in the Context of Compliance and Intercultural Communication (А Philosophical and Religious Approach)". Concept: philosophy, religion, culture 8, n.º 2 (28 de junho de 2024): 111–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2541-8831-2024-2-30-111-135.
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Over the past decades the term compliance has become increasingly widely used globally, making its way into national languages. The same is true for Russian academic discourse were compliance (or its Russian analogue “комплаенс”) has become common in a number of areas ranging from business and law to healthcare. This trend as well as cultural practices of revitalizing the social role of religion, which can also be viewed as a form of compliance, substantiate the relevance of this study. The word compliance with the meaning of agreement, accordance and self-restriction has been known in the English language since the 13th century. During the Reformation it notably referred to agreement with people of other beliefs. The purpose of this study is to trace the use of the term and describe its functioning today by analyzing forms corresponding to compliance, especially those with religious connotations. The following goals are set: 1) to describe the linguistic and etymological peculiarities of compliance in various cultural contexts and to specify the grounds for its understanding as a broader concept; 2) to trace the transformation of the concept from religious to secular and to compare personal and group identity markers; 3) to identify the specifics of the cultural practice of compliance as voluntary consent of group and personal religiosity on the example of creative writing; 4) based on texts by A. P. Chekhov to establish the features of the modern cultural optics of compliance in relation to the cultural phenomena of the past; 5) to highlight the key features of reading the works of A. P. Chekhov from the perspective of compliance. The research materials include data from dictionaries and encyclopedias, the linguistic database National Corpus of the Russian Language and selected works by A. P. Chekhov. The work, based on anthropological, axiological, and hermeneutic approaches, uses the methods of discourse analysis and narrative analysis, as well as the biographical method. The return to the broader meaning of the concept of compliance is associated with the peculiarities of the current cultural situation, requiring special attention to the coordination of both secular and religious aspects at group and personal levels. Firstly, in Russian this is fixed by referring to the English term compliance, which goes back to the Latin word complere. Secondly, the conceptual apparatus for describing and understanding religion has been historically developed as a series of forms representing normative aspects of the religious (confessional) identity of the elites of a particular historical period in a particular geographic region. Folk and authored interpretations have been relegated to the realm of marginal superstitions and heresies for thousands of years. Thirdly, the so-called Age of Magazines and Writers opened up new possibilities and ways of representing the deepest experiences of an individual author in literary work that connects the individual with the universal, the intimate with the public, and the instantaneous with the eternal, sometimes giving rise to works that receive worldwide recognition (A. P. Chekhov). However, reflection on this process has become possible relatively recently; Finally, by using the example of the works of A. P. Chekhov, to review compliance of literature and religion in a writer’s work, it has allowed us to highlight the specifics of his artistic realism, based on the techniques of mirror image, and inscribing the conventional magic of personal writing in the time of the religious understanding of culture. As a result, the conclusion is substantiated that the globally recognized work of A. P. Chekhov can be interpreted as an example of the presentation of religion as living religiosity, i.e. the universal social and personal phenomenon of constructing successful practices of supervising the unknown (N. Luhmann), forming historically special institutional and vernacular forms of their unique personal experience.
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Kozha, Ksenia A. "“Confessionario em Lingua Mandarina” by Fr. Francisco Varo: An Unknown Manuscript of the Renowned Dominican". Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies 14, n.º 1 (2022): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2022.108.
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The Oriental Department of the St Petersburg University’s library has a unique manuscript “Confessionario em Lingua Mandarina”, a handbook for confession, compiled by Dominican father Francisco Varo (1627-1687) for use in his (and his confrères) missionary work in earlier Qing China (sec. half of the 17th c.). The manuscript, seven folios altogether, bound into a dictionary (Dictionario Lusitanico Sinico Tartaro Historico Mathematico Latino for Congregação da Missão Portugueza), amidst its main body, is a precious gift to all researchers in the field, for it is, by all accounts, a unique exemplar of this kind of text by the famous missionary. Varo’s written legacy has received special attention from historians of Catholic missions in China and researchers on the Ming and Qing Chinese language. However a Confessionario is not traced in Varo’s bibliography. The undenied value of the text is its bilingual contents: the confessor’s questions in the Portuguese language translated into the earlier Qing Mandarin (southern guanhua). Documents, codifying the main Chinese dialect of the 17th c. are rather rare, although a number of elaborated descriptions of variant systems of guanhua romanization by Western missionaries provide us with all necessary instruments to analyse the transcription method, used by Varo in the Confessionario. The author of the article attempts to implement the existing methodology to identify the place of this piece of Varo’s work in the Chinese romanization mosaic. Being Portuguese-based, the transcription of the Confessionario differs significantly from Varo’s Spanish-oriented system in Vocabulario de la Lengua Mandarina (1670) and Arte de la Lengua Mandarina (1682-1703), naturally demonstrating more in common to the earlier systems by Ricci, Trigault and Martini. A few peculiarities of the romanization used in Confessionario are revealed in the article.
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Ivšin, Leonid. "G. J. Vereščaginin käsin kirjoittamat venäläis-udmurttilaiset sanakirjat: ortografisista erikoisuuksista". Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Aikakauskirja 2013, n.º 94 (1 de janeiro de 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.33340/susa.82607.
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There are two handwritten Russian-Vot (= Russian-Udmurt) dictionaries which are kept in the scientific archives of the Udmurt Institute of History, Language and Literature of the Ural branch of the Russian Academy of Science. Probably they were compiled by the Udmurt scholar G. J. Vereščagin in the end of the 19th and in the beginning of the 20th century. In the manuscripts the scholar used the Russian graphic of that period of time and some Latin letters such as i and q (used only in the second volume of the dictionary’s manuscript and basically in Russian and Latin words, in Udmurt they are used in single instances) and j.
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Dickey, Eleanor. "THE HISTORY OF BILINGUAL DICTIONARIES RECONSIDERED: AN ANCIENT FRAGMENT RELATED TO PS.-PHILOXENUS (P.VARS. 6) AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE". Classical Quarterly, 21 de maio de 2021, 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838821000343.
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Abstract This article identifies a papyrus in Warsaw, P.Vars. 6, as a fragment of the large Latin–Greek glossary known as Ps.-Philoxenus. That glossary, published in volume II of G. Goetz's Corpus Glossariorum Latinorum on the basis of a ninth-century manuscript, is by far the most important of the bilingual glossaries surviving from antiquity, being derived from lost works of Roman scholarship and preserving valuable information about rare and archaic Latin words. It has long been considered a product of the sixth century a.d., but the papyrus dates to c.200, and internal evidence indicates that the glossary itself must be substantially older than that copy. The Ps.-Philoxenus glossary is therefore not a creation of Late Antiquity but of the Early Empire or perhaps even the Republic. Large bilingual glossaries in alphabetical order must have existed far earlier than has hitherto been believed.
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Sakalauskienė, Vilija, e Zofia Sawaniewska-Mochowa. "Litewska leksykografia gwarowa z przełomu XX i XXI wieku (na tle wybranych polskich słowników regionalnych)". Acta Baltico-Slavica 46 (31 de dezembro de 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/abs.2823.
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Lithuanian Dialect Lexicography at the Turn of the Twenty-First Century (against the Background of Selected Polish Regional Dictionaries)The aim of this co-authored article is to provide an overview of contemporary Lithuanian dialect dictionaries in terms of their macro- and microstructure as compared to the concepts of description applied in selected recently published Polish regional dictionaries.The study considers the following issues in a comparative perspective:The range of entries (integral or differential, with selection made by lexicographers according to the adopted criteria).The arrangement of entries (alphabetical, alphabetical-cluster, thematic).The form of headwords (single- or multi-word).The way of defining the meaning (descriptive, synonymic, referential).The choice of textual illustrations and their notation.The use of grammatical information and the level of its complexity.The use of lexical maps and other visuals complementing the content of the definitions of headwords.As discussed, the comparison reveals significant similarities between the concepts of constructing Lithuanian and Polish dialect dictionaries. In both cases lexicographers compile integral dictionaries, which document the entire spoken language of the inhabitants of a given village or area, as well as differentia dictionaries, which focus on dialectal vocabulary. Although there is a preference for the alphabetical arrangement of entries, Polish dialect lexicographers have made some very successful attempts to compile thematic dictionaries (e.g. the ten-volume Dialect Dictionary of the Lublin Region (Słownik gwar Lubelszczyzny)). There are no dictionaries with this type of structure in Lithuanian lexicography.Lithuanian dialect lexicographic practice is strongly influenced by the pattern of description used in the Academic Dictionary of Lithuanian (Lietuvių kalbos žodynas). This tradition is also the source of the mixed alphabetical-cluster arrangement of entries and the single-word form of the headwords, which are followed by phrases. On the other hand, the ways of defining the meaning in the Polish and Lithuanian dictionaries under discussion are very similar. One novelty in Polish dialect lexicography as compared to the Lithuanian dictionaries is the practice of listing phraseologisms and verbal aspect pairs, or even triads, as separate entries.The use of grammatical terminology is not at the same level of complexity. The Lithuanian dictionaries include extensive grammatical information, unlike most of the Polish ones, where it is rather selective, apart from those compiled by Józef Kąś, which contain a full range of such data. The Latin grammatical terminology used in the Lithuanian dictionaries may be difficult to understand for non-linguists. The same applies to quotations illustrating the use of particular lexical items: they are provided in a full phonetic form, including the stress marking. In the case of Polish regional dictionaries, the tradition of such notation has been abandoned in favour of semi-phonetic, simplified spelling in order to make them more accessible to non-specialists.One new feature in Polish dialect lexicography which is worth noting is the visual component: in some dictionaries the definitions of headwords come with lexical maps (e.g. A Dialect Dictionary of the Lublin Region) and illustrations (e.g. the dictionaries compiled by Józef Kąś, which feature visuals of ethnographic value).Litewska leksykografia gwarowa z przełomu XX i XXI wieku (na tle wybranych polskich słowników regionalnych)Celem tego współautorskiego artykułu jest przegląd współczesnych litewskich słowników gwarowych z punktu widzenia ich makro- i mikrostruktury w komparacji z koncepcjami opisu zastosowanego w wybranych najnowszych polskich słownikach regionalnych.Przedmiotem porównania były następujące zagadnienia szczegółowe:Zasób haseł (pełny czy dyferencyjny, dokonywany przez leksykografów według ustalonych kryteriów).Układ haseł (alfabetyczny, alfabetyczno-gniazdowy, tematyczny).Postać hasła (jedno- czy wielowyrazowa).Sposób definiowania haseł (opisowy, synonimiczny, za pomocą odsyłaczy).Dobór ilustracji tekstowych i sposób ich zapisu.Zakres wykorzystania danych gramatycznych w opisie haseł.Wprowadzanie map leksykalnych i materiałów ikonograficznych uzupełniających treść definicji leksemów hasłowych o aspekt wizualny.Ujęcie porównawcze ukazało istotne zbieżności między koncepcjami konstruowania litewskich i polskich słowników gwarowych. W praktyce leksykograficznej litewskiej i polskiej mieszczą się zarówno słowniki pełne, dokumentujące całościowo mowę mieszkańców konkretnej wsi lub danego areału, jak i dyferencyjne, skupione na słownictwie gwarowym. Preferowany przez leksykografów jest alfabetyczny układ haseł, ale na gruncie polskiej leksykografii gwarowej są bardzo udane próby opracowania słownika tematycznego (10-tomowy Słownik gwar Lubelszczyzny). Słowników z takim układem w leksykografii litewskiej brakuje.Na sposobie opracowania litewskich słowników gwarowych mocno zaważyła metoda opisu stosowana w Słowniku języka litewskiego (Lietuvių kalbos žodynas). Z tej tradycji czerpany jest wzorzec układu alfabetyczno-gniazdowego i utrzymanie jednowyrazowej postaci hasła głównego, a dopiero w dalszej kolejności podawanie związków wyrazowych. Natomiast sposoby definiowania znaczeń w słownikach polskich i litewskich są bardzo zbliżone. Nowością w polskiej leksykografii gwarowej w stosunku do słowników litewskich jest traktowanie jako odrębnych haseł frazeologizmów oraz czasownikowych par aspektowych, a nawet triad.Nasycenie słowników gwarowych terminologią gramatyczną jest różne. Słowniki litewskie mają bogaty zasób tych danych, pełne informacje w sposób usystematyzowany podawane są w leksykonach opracowanych przez Józefa Kąsia, w innych polskich słownikach – wybiórczo. W litewskich słownikach gwarowych stosowana jest łacińska terminologia gramatyczna, co z perspektywy niejęzykoznawcy może być trudne w odbiorze. Podobnie jak zapisywanie cytatów gwarowych, ilustrujących użycia leksemów hasłowych, w pełnej postaci fonetycznej, z zaznaczeniem akcentów. W polskich słownikach regionalnych odchodzi się od tradycji takiego zapisu na rzecz pisowni półfonetycznej, uproszczonej, by ułatwić korzystanie z nich niespecjalistom.Cenną nowością w polskiej leksykografii regionalnej jest uzupełnianie definicji haseł mapami językowymi (Słownik gwar Lubelszczyzny) oraz ilustracjami (bogatą ikonografią o walorach etnograficznych wyróżniają się zwłaszcza słowniki opracowane przez Józefa Kąsia).
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Turton, Stephen. "The Lexicographical Lesbian: Remaking the Body in Anne Lister’s Erotic Glossary". Review of English Studies, 1 de fevereiro de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/res/hgab085.
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Abstract In recent years, literary criticism has witnessed a flourishing of what Paula Blank presciently called ‘etymological moments’: playful tracings of the roots of words that unearth unexpected links between the past and the present, and in so doing unsettle our certainties about both. Many of these moments have occurred under the rubric of queer philology, which has particularly called into question scholarly assumptions about the historical transmission of discourses on gender, sexuality, and embodiment. However, this impulse to reclaim the discursive history of the sexed and sexual body is not new. Between 1814 and 1820, the Yorkshire gentlewoman Anne Lister—now famous for her diary’s candid accounts of her love affairs with women—pored through English, Latin, and Greek dictionaries, looking up terms for sexual acts and anatomies and collating what she found into a personal glossary. Lister’s citing and rewriting of these definitions illuminate the protean forms that a dictionary can take for its writers and users: a source of knowledge, a moral guide, and even an erotic aid. Through lexicography, Lister found new ways of reading the body and reimagining its borders, the better to fit the contours of her own desires.
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Nummila, Kirsi-Maria, e Minna Seppänen. "J. G. Geitlinin Suomalais-latinainen sanakirja (1883) leksikografian traditiossa". Virittäjä 122, n.º 1 (15 de março de 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.23982/vir.65058.
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Suomen kirjakielen sekä suomenkielisen kirjallisuuden ja sivistyksen kannalta 1800-luku on merkittävä vuosisata. Kirjallisen tuotannon monipuolistuessa julkaistiin myös ensimmäiset suomenkieliset oppikirjat ja suomi lähtökielenä -sanakirjat, joissa selityskielenä ei ollut ruotsi. Tässä artikkelissa tarkastelun kohteena on vuonna 1883 ilmestynyt Johan Gabriel Geitlinin laatima Suomalais-latinainen sanakirja. Tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan sanakirjan sanastoa teoksen käyttöfunktioiden ja ortografisten valintojen näkökulmasta analysoimalla lekseemien semanttisia, morfologisia ja kirjoitusasuun liittyviä piirteitä. Artikkelissa selvitetään Geitlinin leksikografisen työn periaatteita ja niiden toteutumista sekä tarkastellaan, miten 1800-luvun kirjallistuminen, kirjalliset pyrkimykset, odotukset ja vaatimukset näyttäytyvät autoritaarisen tahon eli Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seuran kustantamassa sanakirjassa.
Analyysi osoittaa, ettei Geitlinin sanakirjan sanastoa ole otettu sellaisenaan aiemmista sanastoista, vaan laatija on pyrkinyt toimittamaan kustantajan määrittämiin tarkoituksiin soveltuvan, ajanmukaisia oikeakielisyysohjeita noudattavan teoksen. Geitlin seuraa sana-aineksen osalta pitkälti Lönnrotia mutta on poiminut myös uutta sanastoa ja tekee esikuvaansa ajanmukaisempia ratkaisuja erityisesti uudissana- ja ortografiakysymyksiss-ä. Kun Geitlin pyrki löytämään kompromissin latinan opetuskäyttöön soveltuvan ja suomen kieleen tutustuville sopivan sanakirjan välillä, hän tuli luoneeksi kirjan, joka ei täysin palvele kummankaan ryhmän tarpeita. Tehtyihin valintoihin ovat vaikuttaneet ennen kaikkea aikakauden käsitykset ja kieli-ihanteet. Puutteistaan huolimatta sanakirja on arvokas kokonaisuus ajan kielellistä ja kulttuurista historiaa.
G. Geitlin’s Finnish-Latin dictionary (1883) in the tradition of lexicography
In terms of the Finnish literary language and Finnish literature and culture, the 19th century was a significant period. As literary production became more versatile, the first textbooks in the Finnish language were published, as well as dictionaries with Finnish as the source language, and not using Swedish to explain the terms. This article deals with Johan Gabriel Geitlin’s Finnish-Latin dictionary (Suomalais-latinainen sanakirja) published in 1883. The study examines the lexicon dealt with in the dictionary from the point of view of the functional aspects and orthographic choices made, by analysing features relating to the semantics, morphology and orthographic features of the lexemes. In the article the focus is in the principles applied in Geitlin’s lexicographic work, and how they are put into practice. The study also discussess how the development of the literary Finnish language in the 19th century, and the literary aims, expectations and demands placed on it were manifested in a dictionary published by an authoritarian party, the Finnish Literature Society.
The analysis shows that the vocabulary in Geitlin’s dictionary was not taken over as such from earlier dictionaries, but that the author’s purpose was to produce a work that was suited to the purposes defined by the publisher, while following the current grammatical rules. As far as the vocabulary is concerned, Geitlin followed Elias Lönn-rot’s extensive Finnish-Swedish dictionary (Suomalais-Ruotsalainen sanakirja, 1866–1880) to a great extent, but also collected new vocabulary and made more up-to-date decisions than did his predecessor, particularly about neologisms and orthographic issues. In aiming to make compromises between a dictionary suitable for use in teaching Latin and for use by foreigners learning the Finnish language, Geitlin created a work that does not completely serve the needs of either group. The practices and choices made were influenced above all by the perceptions and linguistic ideals of the age. The work does, however, give a rich and valuable overview of the linguistic and cultural history of the age. The lexicon covers many of the central themes of the 19th century.
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Rubiano, Andrés M., e Angelica Clavijo. "Neurotrauma Registries in Low- and Middle-Income Countries for Building Organized Neurotrauma Care: The LATINO Registry Experience; Comment on "Neurotrauma Surveillance in National Registries of Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Scoping Review and Comparative Analysis of Data Dictionaries"". International Journal of Health Policy and Management, 3 de agosto de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ijhpm.2022.7505.
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Trauma registries play an important role in building capacity for trauma systems. Regularly, trauma registries exist in high-income countries (HICs) but not in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs). Neurotrauma includes common conditions, like traumatic brain injuries (TBI) and spinal cord injuries (SCI). The development of organized neurotrauma care is crucial for improving the quality of care in less-resourced areas. The recent article published in the IJHPM by Barthelemy et al, entitled "Neurotrauma Surveillance in National Registries of Low-and Middle-Income Countries: A Scoping Review and Comparative Analysis of Data Dictionaries" adds an important body of literature to improve understanding of the importance of these types of efforts bypromoting organized neurotrauma care systems in LMICs. Here, we provide a short commentary based on our experience with the LATINO neurotrauma registry in the LATAM region.
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Sydoruk, H. "Analysis of Structural and Semantic Characteristics of Agricultural Terms in the Translation Aspect". Mìžnarodnij fìlologìčnij časopis 12, n.º 4 (27 de outubro de 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/philolog2021.04.007.
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Abstract. The article summarizes the theoretical experience of studying the structural and semantic characteristics of scientific and technical terms and agricultural terms in particular. It has substantiated the fact that the agrarian sphere is experiencing a rapid emergence of terms-innovations that are quickly passing all stages of structural-semantic assimilation. A significant percentage of terms are formed as a result of rethinking their previous meanings, which leads to the emergence of so-called semantic terms. Analysis of structural and semantic features of agricultural terms showed that their formation occurs through derivation, terminologization of common vocabulary and assimilation of borrowings. The paper also analyzes examples of the functioning of English-language multicomponent clusters and the peculiarities of their translation. The purpose of research is to clarify the structural and semantic features of agricultural terminology, to identify and describe the processes of formation of one- and multi-component agricultural terms, to determine the main word-forming types of agricultural terminology. Results of research. Agrarian terminology, which is a set of words and stable phrases corresponding to the concepts functioning in this area (objects, phenomena and actions), is a mobile and flexible part of common vocabulary, and therefore requires systematization. The main carriers of these concepts are nouns, a certain number of verbs and adjectives which most serve as definitions in multicomponent clusters and are not independent. Word-forming means are mainly Latin-Greek morphemes, word stems and phrases. Depending on the participation of language in term formation, the terms of the agricultural sector are divided into three types: simple terms or word-terms; complex terms; terms-phrases or multicomponent clusters Agrarian terminology uses such ways of word formation as lexical-semantic, lexical-syntactic, morphological, abbreviation, and morphological-syntactic. Many commonly used lexical items acquire meanings inherent in the agricultural sector, becoming terms with a narrower meaning. Modern scientific literature on agricultural topics contains terms that have two or more meanings in this area, the clarification of which is only disclosed by the context. In translation, such ambiguity causes blurring of meaning, vagueness, substitution of terms and ultimately distortion of the content as a whole. It is important to consider the lexical and grammatical environment of the term. Due to the context, the following translation issues can be addressed: a) the word is used in its common or special narrow meaning; b) the choice of one of several meanings of a polysemous term in a particular context. From agrarian vocabulary, terminological units move into colloquial language, sometimes becoming jargons or terminoids that function in limited areas of engineering and technology, forming a layer of stylized new scientific and technical terms. Professional slang is usually short, expressive and to some extent stylistically colored. The most successful of them are fixed in the terminology system over time and receive official recognition in a certain subject area, being fixed in dictionaries, and some pass to other areas and into the common language. Specifics of functioning the terminological combinations require appropriate methods of their translation, among which there are a few main ones: literal translation of lexical units is carried out with the help of calque; replacement of parts of speech; explanatory translation of terms; translation with word order changes, primarily in attributive group. Conclusions. Agro-biological terminology tends to be poly-variant in translation, polysemy and homonymy. In order to overcome the difficulties in translating professional texts, it is necessary to work more actively with special vocabulary, thoroughly study the issues of ambiguity, synonyms and antonyms, word formation and methods of translation. The above considerations open opportunities for the practical application of these methods of translation of agro-biological terminology, and for further creative search for the correct perception of professionally oriented texts.