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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Land use – environmental aspects – great britain"

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Adger, W. Neil, Katrina Brown, Robert S. Shiel e Martin C. Whitby. "Carbon dynamics of land use in Great Britain". Journal of Environmental Management 36, n.º 2 (outubro de 1992): 117–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-4797(05)80139-2.

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Qi, Aiming, Robert A. Holland, Gail Taylor e Goetz M. Richter. "Grassland futures in Great Britain – Productivity assessment and scenarios for land use change opportunities". Science of The Total Environment 634 (setembro de 2018): 1108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.395.

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Foulds, Simon A., e Mark G. Macklin. "Holocene land-use change and its impact on river basin dynamics in Great Britain and Ireland". Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 30, n.º 5 (outubro de 2006): 589–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133306071143.

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River basins in Great Britain and Ireland have been characterized by periods of hillslope and valley floor instability during the Holocene, reflecting sensitivity to both climate change and anthropogenic disturbance. In contrast to climatic controls, which have been relatively well documented, human impacts on and interactions with river basins remain unclear. There is now, however, a growing impetus to elucidate more fully the impact of anthropogenic activity on sediment supply and runoff, given that land-use change is thought to have exacerbated recent flooding in the UK (eg, the ‘Millennium'floods of 2000). The aim of this paper is to critically review the significance of Holocene land use on hillslope and valley floor stability in Great Britain and Ireland. The most widely reported impacts of land-use change on geomorphic activity include hillslope erosion and gully development, valley floor alluviation, river channel incision and elevated water tables. In the majority of cases, however, causal relationships are difficult to establish, due primarily to inadequate dating control. Even where geomorphic instability can be linked to land-use change, it is apparent that eroded material is often stored as colluvium, which together with evidence of diachronus hillslope and valley floor instability, raises important questions and identifies uncertainties regarding the dynamics and extent of sediment transfer within river basins. Such uncertainty has important implications for understanding how river basins will behave in response to future environmental change.
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Martay, Blaise, James W. Pearce-Higgins, Sarah J. Harris e Simon Gillings. "Monitoring landscape-scale environmental changes with citizen scientists: Twenty years of land use change in Great Britain". Journal for Nature Conservation 44 (julho de 2018): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2018.03.001.

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Gulliver, John, Kees de Hoogh, Anna Hansell e Danielle Vienneau. "Development and Back-Extrapolation of NO2 Land Use Regression Models for Historic Exposure Assessment in Great Britain". Environmental Science & Technology 47, n.º 14 (27 de junho de 2013): 7804–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es4008849.

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Tomlinson, Samuel J., Ulrike Dragosits, Peter E. Levy, Amanda M. Thomson e Janet Moxley. "Quantifying gross vs. net agricultural land use change in Great Britain using the Integrated Administration and Control System". Science of The Total Environment 628-629 (julho de 2018): 1234–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.067.

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Sokolova, A., e M. Cherkashina. "Lease contract of water objects: environmental and legal aspects and prospects for use". Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 1, n.º 74 (31 de janeiro de 2023): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2022.74.20.

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It is emphasized that, despite social changes in the world, general processes and the importance of restoration, protection and conservation of the natural environment, there are acute problems of rational and effective use of natural resources and complexes in Ukraine. This does not fully correspond to the commonly recognized concept of the need to consider the interests of future generations and meet the contemporary needs of humanity. Based on this, it has been proven that there is an urgent need to provide the introduction of rational and effective use of natural resources and complexes, as well as to restore and preserve the latter, in order to correct the current situation, guarantee the realization of the environmental rights of every citizen of our country and the right to use natural resources in particular. An analysis of the norms of the current domestic legislation, in particular, water and land legislation, whose prescriptions regulate relations with the use of natural objects, including water ones, was carried out. It is argued that one of the priority steps now should be the development of a special legal mechanism, for example, by spreading the practice of using objects under a lease contract. Based on the modern trends in the functioning and development of environmental law and its leading sub-branches - water and land, it is proved that when studying the contract for the lease of water (water objects), namely its legal nature, it is of great interest to clearly establish as its object, as well as essential features of the latter. The ecological state of water objects on the territory of our country is characterized. It was found out that the main reason for the clear separation and legislative consolidation of the types of intended use when renting the mentioned objects is their functional purpose, since the components of the water ecosystem are interdependent and interconnected. It is proposed to bring in accordance with the provisions of the Water Code of Ukraine art. 59 of the Land Code of Ukraine, making changes to the list of types of targeted rental use. Proposals for improving the environmental (in particular, water and land) legislation of Ukraine regarding the legal basis of the water lease contract are substantiated.
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Coxon, Gemma, Nans Addor, John P. Bloomfield, Jim Freer, Matt Fry, Jamie Hannaford, Nicholas J. K. Howden et al. "CAMELS-GB: hydrometeorological time series and landscape attributes for 671 catchments in Great Britain". Earth System Science Data 12, n.º 4 (12 de outubro de 2020): 2459–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2459-2020.

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Abstract. We present the first large-sample catchment hydrology dataset for Great Britain, CAMELS-GB (Catchment Attributes and MEteorology for Large-sample Studies). CAMELS-GB collates river flows, catchment attributes and catchment boundaries from the UK National River Flow Archive together with a suite of new meteorological time series and catchment attributes. These data are provided for 671 catchments that cover a wide range of climatic, hydrological, landscape, and human management characteristics across Great Britain. Daily time series covering 1970–2015 (a period including several hydrological extreme events) are provided for a range of hydro-meteorological variables including rainfall, potential evapotranspiration, temperature, radiation, humidity, and river flow. A comprehensive set of catchment attributes is quantified including topography, climate, hydrology, land cover, soils, and hydrogeology. Importantly, we also derive human management attributes (including attributes summarising abstractions, returns, and reservoir capacity in each catchment), as well as attributes describing the quality of the flow data including the first set of discharge uncertainty estimates (provided at multiple flow quantiles) for Great Britain. CAMELS-GB (Coxon et al., 2020; available at https://doi.org/10.5285/8344e4f3-d2ea-44f5-8afa-86d2987543a9) is intended for the community as a publicly available, easily accessible dataset to use in a wide range of environmental and modelling analyses.
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Zhao, Shengyu, Kaiwen Tu, Shutong Ye, Hao Tang, Yaocong Hu e Chao Xie. "Land Use and Land Cover Classification Meets Deep Learning: A Review". Sensors 23, n.º 21 (3 de novembro de 2023): 8966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23218966.

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As one of the important components of Earth observation technology, land use and land cover (LULC) image classification plays an essential role. It uses remote sensing techniques to classify specific categories of ground cover as a means of analyzing and understanding the natural attributes of the Earth’s surface and the state of land use. It provides important information for applications in environmental protection, urban planning, and land resource management. However, remote sensing images are usually high-dimensional data and have limited available labeled samples, so performing the LULC classification task faces great challenges. In recent years, due to the emergence of deep learning technology, remote sensing data processing methods based on deep learning have achieved remarkable results, bringing new possibilities for the research and development of LULC classification. In this paper, we present a systematic review of deep-learning-based LULC classification, mainly covering the following five aspects: (1) introduction of the main components of five typical deep learning networks, how they work, and their unique benefits; (2) summary of two baseline datasets for LULC classification (pixel-level, patch-level) and performance metrics for evaluating different models (OA, AA, F1, and MIOU); (3) review of deep learning strategies in LULC classification studies, including convolutional neural networks (CNNs), autoencoders (AEs), generative adversarial networks (GANs), and recurrent neural networks (RNNs); (4) challenges faced by LULC classification and processing schemes under limited training samples; (5) outlooks on the future development of deep-learning-based LULC classification.
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Petrakovska, Olga, e Mariia Mykhalova. "STRUCTURING OF LAND USE RESTRICTIONS IN UKRAINE". Spatial development, n.º 3 (14 de abril de 2023): 134–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2786-7269.2023.3.134-143.

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Establishing land use restrictions as a mechanism for ensuring favourable conditions for the life of the population and sustainable development of territories is of great importance. The study analysed the diversity of restrictions on land use, determined the grounds for setting land use restrictions, carried out their aggregation and structuring according to various characteristics, taking into account legal, spatial, social, economic and ecological aspects. During the research, methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison and system methods were used. Restrictions on land use are diversified in nature, size and grounds for establishment. The main basis for imposing restrictions on the land use in Ukraine is the necessity of natural resources preservation; ensuring the economic efficiency of territory development; ensuring social justice and protection of the population; environmental stability preservation territory restoration in the post-war period. The classification of land use restrictions is proposed depending on various classification features. The most significant among which are: presence of the mode-forming object as a basis for restriction; degree of determination; planning characteristics; validity term; ownerships of land in the area of limitations; access mode status for beneficiaries of specified benefits. The results of the study illustrate the need to further definition of the assessment of the impact of restrictions on social life.
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Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Land use – environmental aspects – great britain"

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Topouzi, Marina. "Occupants' interaction with low-carbon retrofitted homes and its impact on energy use". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ac363b69-c414-4ef8-875a-ada6a9867f8f.

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Current regulatory and other policy trends in housing refurbishment relating to low-carbon performance standards tend to involve complex technologies and systems as well as innovative solutions to achieve 80% emissions reduction in line with the UK national target for 2050. Indicators of domestic energy performance tend to assume ideal performance of materials, complex systems and services, and that they are installed to high standards and under specific conditions, as well as rational occupant behaviour and interactions. Previous studies exploring the influence of socio-technical factors on the UK's domestic energy use highlight that one of the main reasons for under-performance of individual projects is the lack of understanding of how people interact with domestic technology. Considering this, and given that there is still little evidence on deep refurbishments that implement low-carbon 'whole house' approaches in the UK, this research explored occupants' interaction with heating and ventilation measures as these were designed, installed and operated. The main concern was to identify the type of interactions that occur between occupants (social housing tenants) and building systems (mainly low-carbon heating and ventilation systems), and how that influences actual energy use. Using a sample of 26 social housing properties involved in the Retrofit for the Future competition in the UK, the study employed an socio-technical mixed methods approach, in which qualitative and quantitative empirical data were explored together, cross-checking occupants' 'doings' and 'sayings'. A combination of theories was used to analyse the complex interrelated factors involved in users' interaction with building systems. The analysis identifies key factors that affect significantly occupants' everyday practices and their interactions with the new measures: thermal comfort and pastexperiences with measures and controls; knowledge and skills (of both occupants and those involved in the project); design of the technical interventions (systems/measures) and quality of their installation. The findings from this research showed that active measures (such as intelligent and conventional heating controls, MVHR boosters, etc.) fostered direct interaction with active users when there were no design or installation faults. On the contrary, low-carbon measures that are designed and installed to be passive (such as MVHR systems operation) tend, in practice, to involve indirect interactions with active users. The research findings provide an insight into the 'in-use' factors, demonstrating to policy makers and implementers of mass refurbishment programmes the need for a framework where critical combinations of different measures and design solutions are targeted on specific house types, locations and households, in order to achieve maximum savings. Higher standards in installation of the new measures and improved quality control are also found to be a key part of refurbishment policies.
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Livros sobre o assunto "Land use – environmental aspects – great britain"

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Aletta, Bonn, ed. Drivers of environmental change in uplands. New York: Routledge, 2008.

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Keeping, Miles. Sustainable Property Development. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2009.

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Richard, Cowell, ed. Land and limits: Interpreting sustainability in the planning process. London: Routledge, 2002.

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Fairlie, Simon. Low impact development: Planning and people in a sustainable countryside. Charlbury: Jon Carpenter, 1996.

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Santos, José Manuel L. The economic valuation of landscape change: Theory and policies for land use and conservation. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 1999.

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Richard, Cowell, ed. Land and limits: Interpreting sustainability in the planning process. 2a ed. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2011.

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P, Rodgers C., ed. Nature conservation and countryside law. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1996.

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Great Britain. Dept. of the Environment., ed. Code of practice for agricultural use of sewage sludge. London: H.M.S.O., 1989.

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Great Britain. Dept. of the Environment. e March Consulting Group, eds. UK use and emmissions of selected halocarbons: CFCs, HCFCs, HFCs, PFCs, and SF₆. London: H.M.S.O., 1996.

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Philip, Lowe, ed. Countryside conflicts: The politics of farming, forestry, and conservation. Aldershot, Hants, England: Gower/M.T. Smith, 1986.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Land use – environmental aspects – great britain"

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Chen, Huai, Shan Wang, Suning Huang, Lei Zhang, Nairu Wang e Lijun Zhu. "Shoreline Carrying Capacity Assessment Based on Satellite Remote Sensing Image: A Case Study of the Nanjing Reach of the Yangtze River". In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 1236–47. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6138-0_108.

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AbstractResearch on shoreline carrying capacity is of great practical significance to promote the sustainable development of shoreline. Taking into account five aspects of shoreline health, resource supply, environmental pollution, ecological service and social service, the evaluation index system of shoreline carrying capacity was systematically established. Taking the Nanjing reach of the Yangtze River as a typical case, the variation trend of shoreline carrying capacity in recent 40 years was analyzed. The Landsat satellite remote sensing images from 1984 to 2020 were collected. The classification regression tree (CART) algorithm was used to classify the land use types in the remote sensing images, and then evaluation indexes of shoreline carrying capacity were calculated. The results show that the shoreline carrying capacity of the Nanjing reach was basically stable from 1984 to 2003. With the large-scale development and utilization of the shoreline since 2003, the carrying capacity of the Nanjing reach gradually decreased and approached the warning line. Due to the implementation of restrictive measures such as “action to clear the four chaos” and “the operation of responsibility system on river/lake leaders” by Chinese government after 2018, the carrying capacity of the Nanjing reach has rebounded rapidly. With the help of Mann-Kendall (MK) mutation analysis method, the mutation point of the time series of the shoreline carrying capacity of the Nanjing reach was found to occur in 1991, 2012 and 2018. The research results can help to discover unsustainably social and economic activities, put forward the productivity layout adjustment, and guide corresponding management measures in the reach.
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Plant, Jane A., e Barry Smith. "Environmental Geochemistry on a Global Scale". In Geology and Health. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195162042.003.0028.

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Recent population growth and economic development are extending the problems associated with land degradation, pollution, urbanization, and the effects of climate change over large areas of the earth’s surface, giving increasing cause for concern about the state of the environment. Many problems are most acute in tropical, equatorial, and desert regions where the surface environment is particularly fragile because of its long history of intense chemical weathering over geological timescales. The speed and scale of the impact of human activities are now so great that, according to some authors, for example, McMichael (1993), there is the threat of global ecological disruption. Concern that human activities are unsustainable has led to the report of the World Commission on Environment and Development Our Common Future (Barnaby 1987) and the establishment of a United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development responsible for carrying out Agenda 21, the action plan of the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Considerable research into the global environment is now being undertaken, especially into issues such as climate change, biodiversity, and water quality. Relatively little work has been carried out on the sustainability of the Earth’s land surface and its life support systems, however, other than on an ad-hoc basis in response to problems such as mercury poisoning related to artisanal gold mining in Amazonia or arsenic poisoning as a result of water supply problems in Bangladesh (Smedley 1999). This chapter proposes a more strategic approach to understanding the distribution and behavior of chemicals in the environment based on the preparation of a global geochemical baseline to help to sustain the Earth’s land surface based on the systematic knowledge of its geochemistry. Geochemical data contain information directly relevant to economic and environmental decisions involving mineral exploration, extraction, and processing; manufacturing industries; agriculture and forestry; many aspects of human and animal health; waste disposal; and land-use planning. A database showing the spatial variations in the abundance of chemical elements over the Earth’s surface is, therefore, a key step in embracing all aspects of environmental geochemistry. Although environmental problems do not respect political boundaries, data from one part of the world may have important implications elsewhere.
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Worster, Donald. "The Ecology of Order and Chaos". In Wealth of Nature. Oxford University Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195092646.003.0016.

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The science of ecology has had a popular impact unlike that of any other academic field of research. Consider the extraordinary ubiquity of the word itself: it has appeared in the most everyday places and the most astonishing, on day-glo T-shirts, in corporate advertising, and on bridge abutments. It has changed the language of politics and philosophy— springing up in a number of countries are political groups that are self-identified as “Ecology Parties.” Yet who ever proposed forming a political party named after comparative linguistics or advanced paleontology? On several continents we have a philosophical movement termed “Deep Ecology,” but nowhere has anyone announced a movement for “Deep Entomology” or “Deep Polish Literature.” Why has this funny little word, ecology, coined by an obscure nineteenth-century German scientist, acquired so powerful a cultural resonance, so widespread a following? Behind the persistent enthusiasm for ecology, I believe, lies the hope that this science can offer a great deal more than a pile of data. It is supposed to offer a pathway to a kind of moral enlightenment that we can call, for the purposes of simplicity, “conservation.” The expectation did not originate with the public but first appeared among eminent scientists within the field. For instance, in his 1935 book Deserts on the March, the noted University of Oklahoma, and later Yale, botanist Paul Sears urged Americans to take ecology seriously, promoting it in their universities and making it part of their governing process. “In Great Britain,” he pointed out, . . . the ecologists are being consulted at every step in planning the proper utilization of those parts of the Empire not yet settled, thus . . . ending the era of haphazard exploitation. There are hopeful, but all too few signs that our own national government realizes the part which ecology must play in a permanent program. Sears recommended that the United States hire a few thousand ecologists at the county level to advise citizens on questions of land use and thereby bring an end to environmental degradation; such a brigade, he thought, would put the whole nation on a biologically and economically sustainable basis.
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"COST 68 bis was more extensive in scope than the initial project since it covered both treatment and use of sewage sludge. This meant that the topics included both the engineering and economics aspects of sludge processing at sewage works and the environmental aspects of sludge disposal particularly in regard to its utilisation as a fertilizer in agriculture. The use of sewage sludge in this way is important in most countries and it was recognised that co-ordinated research was desirable into both the possible adverse environmental effects of heavy metals and pathogens in sludges and the beneficial effects of plant nutrients in sludge. The problem of odour nuisance arising from the handling and spreading of sewage sludge was also recognised as an important subject-area for research. Under COST 68 bis, five Working Parties were established to co-ordinate the various areas of research. As a 'Concerted Action1, no direct funding was available from the European Commission to finance research projects on sewage sludge, each country being expected to contribute its own publicly-funded projects to the common ’pool*. COST 68 bis ran from 1977 to 1980(2) and was followed by an extension programme - COST 68 ter - which ran from 1981 to 1983(3). In 1983, it was decided to further extend this Concerted Action but to widen the range of research topics in the scientific programme to include animal manures. The renewed programme was designated COST Project 681 'Treatment and Use of Organic Sludges and Liquid Agricultural Wastes'. It is obvious that sewage sludges and farm manures have many aspects in common particularly with regard to handling and treatment techniques and to the environmental impact (e.g. odour) which can occur from their utilisation on land. On the other hand, from the administrative point of view, sewage sludge and farm manures are in two different 'worlds'. Sewage sludge is the general responsibility of public authorities while responsibility for disposing of animal manures belong mainly to the private farming sector. Funding for research on the two types of waste, even if from Government sources, is usually from different Departments and there is little cross-involvement of research scientists in the two sectors. Nonetheless, the COST 681 activity is attempting to promote some co-ordination of effort between the two research areas and, hopefully, this will result in mutual benefit to both those authorities responsible for sewage sludge treatment and those concerned with farm manures and their disposal. This joint Workshop on 'odours' is a good example of the type of co-operation, and sharing of information on a common problem, which can be of great mutual benefit to both sectors. PARTICIPATING COUNTRIES". In Odour Prevention and Control of Organic Sludge and Livestock Farming, 17. CRC Press, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482286311-11.

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Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Land use – environmental aspects – great britain"

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MALIENE, Vida, e Ruta DICIUNAITE-RAUKTIENE. "FACTORS INFLUENCING CITIES PEDESTRIAN STREET FUNCTIONALITY AND SUSTAINABLE LAND USE". In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.052.

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The public space encourages social exchange, develops and maintains social groups and allows the exchange of public messages. When the public space and public life are not supported in the community, there is no one to communicate with, people become isolated, less inclined to help or support each other. Public space is the scene of public life that promotes a sense of community, sense of place, human connection and communication as well as dependence sensation. High-quality and well-managed public space is a benefit to the city's economy, creating shelter from the car-centred life and move to a more natural environment as well as significant urban land use. Therefore, in recent times, in order to establish the right conditions in cities for different human needs, great attention is paid not only to the development of physical infrastructure, but also to other aspects that will help to create sustainable balance of social, economic and environmental aspects. One of the quality of life in the city return ways is the release of urban spaces for pedestrians. Until these days the pedestrian zones are extended little by little, resulting in disposal of the car parking-lots and improved cycling and other transport facilities. Sustainable use of urban pedestrian zones would provide economic, social, environmental and cultural benefits only if these aspects are combined with each other. The aim of the article is to distinguish and critically analyse (on the basis of a literature review) factors influencing the functionality and sustainable development of pedestrian streets. Article object – cities pedestrian street. The study was conducted using scientific publishing content analysis and synthesis techniques. This article is an overview.
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Pukite, Vivita, e Jolanta Luksa. "ANALYSIS OF URBAN TERRITORIES FOR THE GREEN DEVELOPMENT OF LATVIA". In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022v/6.2/s27.62.

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The main document for the development of urban territories is the municipal territory development plan. When evaluating the aspects of territory planning and development, great importance are focused on the most beneficial land use as the main object of territory planning and greener development. The use of Latvia's natural capital are related to the sustainable use of land and natural resources, equally developing green production and green consumption, as well as simultaneously creating and maintaining the image of Latvia as a green country. The aim of the study is to evaluate the urban territory development planning in Latvia. The research uses the descriptive research method, so that, based on regulatory acts, scientific findings and real facts, the theoretical and regulatory aspects of urban territory planning are viewed. SWOT analysis and pair comparison methods are used for the evaluation of indicators. The results of the study show that the Jelgava municipality's achievements in promoting the city's development are a modern waste management system that promotes environmental sustainability. The study also revealed the negative aspects that hinder the development of urban areas, i.e. untidy or abandoned former industrial areas and untidy courtyards of apartment buildings. The study concluded that sustainable and balanced national development is the main issue in the development planning documents of urban territories in Latvia. In the direction of the green development of Latvia, it is necessary to work on the prevention of weak aspects, because they slow down the development of urban territories.
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Sarnavskii, Serhii. "Use of water resources of the left tributaries of the middle Dnipro: hydropower and melioration". In International Conference of Young Scientists on Meteorology, Hydrology and Environmental Monitoring. Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/icys-mhem.2023.016.

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The left tributaries of the Middle Dnipro - Psel, Vorskla, Sula, Trubyzh, Supii, Zolotonoshka, Kryva Ruda, Kobelyachok, Kagamlyk, Irkliy, Kovray and Kovalivka belong to the category of medium and small rivers. These rivers are important for the left-bank forest-steppe of Ukraine, where they flow. They are used for irrigation of agricultural land and for hydropower. Global climate change in the region and the introduction of green electricity in Ukraine, these two aspects are currently very important for two reasons. The total flow volume of the rivers of the left bank of the Middle Dnipro subbasin is similar to the flow volume of the Southern Bug, and the catchment area is even larger. The three largest rivers of the region, Psel, Vorskla and Sula, are particularly promising in this aspect. Today, small hydroelectric power plants only operate on the Psel and Vorskla rivers. All hydroelectric power plants are located in the middle course of the river: on the Psel - within the boundaries of Sumy and Poltava regions, and on Vorskla - within the boundaries of the Poltava region. The left bank of the Middle Dnipro has 15 small hydros operating today, with 10 of them on the Psel and 5 on the Vorskla. River Psel, from the village of Nyzy in the Sumy region to the village Sukhorabivka fish of Poltava region, fully regulated. The following small hydropower plants operate on Psel: Nyizivska, Vorozhblyanska, Mykhailivska, Bobrivska, Knyshivska, Veliko-Sorochynska, Shishatska, Velika Bagachka, Ostapievska and Sukhorabivska. The total annual electricity generated is 4.78 MW. Upon the completion of its planned operation by 2025 as planned in the plan for the development of hydroelectric power plants, the Malobudyshchanska hydroelectric power plant is scheduled to be functional. 5 small hydroelectric power stations operate within the Vorskla riverbed and its left tributary – the Vilshanka – Opishnyanska, Vakulynska mini hydro, Poltava Hydro mini hydro, Nizhnyomlinska and Kuntsivska. The Vorskla river from the village of Kuzemin in southern Sumy Oblast to the village of Kunzevo in Poltava Oblast is regulated by regulating locks and small hydrographic locks. These locks are located in the villages of Kuzemin (Sumy Region) and Derevky (Poltava Region). Both systems are included in the development plans of their regions until 2025, within which 2 small hydroelectric power plants will operate. A total of 1.72 MW of small hydropower is generated within the Vorskla Basin. The power of hydroelectric power stations on both rivers ranges from 0.19 MW to 1.04 MW - Shyshatska small hydroelectric power station. Global climate changes also affected the Left Bank-Dnipro hydrological region. Over the past 30 years, the average annual air temperature has increased by 1.5-2 0C and the annual precipitation has decreased by 20-30 mm. The most significant changes are seen in the southern, southwestern, and eastern parts of the left bank of the Middle Dnipro, especially in the small river basins of the Dnipro Lowlands and the lower reaches of the Sula, Psel and Vorskla rivers. Therefore, these regions need irrigation systems functioning within their river basins. The left bank of the middle Dnipro River basin has a total of 26 irrigation systems covering a total area of 65,000 hectares. The largest number of irrigation systems is in the Dnipro Lowland river basin:13 irrigation systems (12,000 ha) on the left bankin Cherkasy Oblast,11 irrigation systems (50,000 ha) in Poltava Oblast, and 2 irrigation systems (up to 3,000 ha) in Kharkov Oblast. Thus, the left bank of the middle Dnipro river has great potential for hydropower and water quality improvement. The total capacity of small hydropower plants in the Psel and Vorskla river basins is 6.5 MW, which is about 6.37% of the total capacity of small hydropower plants in Ukraine (in 2019: 102 MW for Ukraine). The use of small hydroelectric power stations on Vorskla and Psel is quite promising for Poltava and Sumy regions for local consumption and the growth of the share of green energy in these regions. As for irrigation systems, in general, 32% of the total irrigated area in the Dnipro basin (196,000 ha) is concentrated on the left bank of the middle Dnipro river.
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