Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Land and sea breeze"
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1
Stec, Jeffrey D. "Wind profiler study of the central California sea/land breeze /\". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1996. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA317994.
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Thesis (M.S. in Meteorology and Physical Oceanography) Naval Postgraduate School, September. 1996.Thesis advisor(s): Carlyle H. Wash. "September 1996." Includes bibliographical references (p. 97-100). Also available online.
2
Edwards, Catherine Richardson Seim Harvey E. "Coastal ocean response to near-resonant sea breeze/land breeze near the critical latitude in the Georgia Bight". Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2073.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008.Title from electronic title page (viewed Feb. 17, 2009). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Marine Sciences." Discipline: Marine Sciences; Department/School: Marine Sciences.
3
Odeh, Yousre. "Wind Power Potential in Palestine/Israel : An investigation study for the potential of wind power in Palestine/Israel, with emphasis on the political obstacles". Thesis, Högskolan på Gotland, Institutionen för kultur, energi och miljö, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-217094.
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Wind resource assessment studies have been conducted in the Israeli side and the Palestinian side before; however, the previous studies were restricted with the political border either Palestinian or Israeli except one of them that was based on measurements dated to 1940-1983 (R. Shabbaneh & A. Hasan, 1997). Moreover, the studies were performed years ago, with simple techniques and based on old data (R. Shabbaneh & A. Hasan, 1997). Hence, the needs for a new study that is based on updated data, and using updated model is highly demanded. This study is intended to perform wind resource assessment in Palestine/Israel; the study has used two stages of assessment, primary one based on reference station data on both sides, Israeli and Palestinian. The second stage of wind resource assessment is based on WindPRO software. The wind resource assessment ends up with identifying sites with higher potential that are situated in four selected sites, North of Palestine/Israel, North of West-bank, Jerusalem, and Eilat, the higher potential was in Eilat area bearing mean wind speed of 9.88m/s at 100 m hub height.Moreover, the study recognized the importance of political situation assessment due to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Based on conducted survey, the political situation assessment concluded that international non-governmental organizations seem to be most capable of starting up wind power project in Palestine/Israel. Furthermore, the study concluded that supportive policies from both the Israeli and Palestinian governments are crucial to promote wind power projects in the region.
4
Walter, Kevin Robert. "The nonlinear dynamics of the sea breeze". Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1265.
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The response of the land and sea breeze circulation to two highly simplified dynamical models is presented. The first dynamical model is the explicit specification of an oscillating interior heat source analogous to that from Rotunno (1983). Emphasis is placed on the variation of the response with heating amplitude and latitude. In addition, a weakly nonlinear analysis focuses on the dynamic forcing of nonlinear features such as a semi-diurnal gravity wave, fronts, and asymmetry in the magnitude of onshore and offshore flow. One surprising result is the identification of a cycle-mean surface divergence pattern at both 0? and 45?. At 45?, this divergence pattern is accompanied by a cycle mean shore-parallel response due to the Earth's rotation.
The second dynamical model is the explicit specification of an oscillating surface heat flux. Again, comparison is made between simulations at different heating amplitudes, and between simulations at different latitudes. To address changes in the solution due to the heating method itself, comparison is made between solutions from the surface heating method and solutions from the interior heating method. Finally, solutions across the planetary continuum are explored for critical latitude dependence in high-amplitude simulations.
5
Alamodi, Ahmad Osman, e Ahmad Osman Alamodi. "Sea breeze winds in Saudi Arabian coastal regions". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626980.
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Hodographs of resultant surface winds are presented for 6-hour intervals (0300, 0900,1500, and 2100 LST) for the three-year period (1980-1982) at stations on the Saudi Arabian coast. Strong diurnal wind variations are observed at all stations. The end point of the resultant wind vector usually turns clockwise. In some locations, they show anti-clockwise rotation during part of the day. Departures of these resultant winds from the average
of all 4 resultant winds show downslope and offshore flow of winds during the night and part of the daytime, and strong onshore and upslope flow of winds at 1500 LST.
6
Moisseeva, Nadejda. "Dynamical analysis of sea breeze hodograph rotation in Sardinia". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/46069.
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This study investigates the diurnal evolution of sea-breeze rotation over an island in the mid- latitudes. Earlier research on sea-breezes in Sardinia shows that the onshore winds around various coasts of the island exhibit both the theoretically predicted clockwise rotation as well as seemingly anomalous anti-clockwise rotation. A non-hydrostatic fully compressible numerical model (WRF) is used to simulate wind fields on and around the island on previously-studied sea-breeze days and is shown to accurately capture the circulation on all coasts. Diurnal rotation of wind is examined and patterns of clockwise and anti-clockwise rotation are identified. A dynamical analysis is per- formed by extracting individual forcing terms from the horizontal momentum equations. Analysis of several regions around the island shows that the direction of rotation is a result of a complex interaction between near-surface and synoptic pressure gradient, Coriolis and advection forcings. An idealized simulation is performed over an artificial island with dramatically simplified topog- raphy, yet similar dimensions and latitude to Sardinia. Dynamical analysis of the idealized runs reveals a rather different pattern of hodograph rotation to the real Sardinia, yet similar underlying dynamics. The research provides new insights into the dynamics underlying sea-breeze hodograph rotation, especially in coastal zones with complex topography and/or coastline.
Supplementary materials: http://hdl.handle.net/2429/46123
7
Knapp, Michael Charles. "Synoptic-scale influence on the Monterey Bay sea-breeze". Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/30572.
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The diurnal fluctuations of the surface ambient wind associated with the sea-breeze are analyzed for the period May 01 through September 30, 1993 from a single station, Monterey airport, located on the southern Monterey Bay coast. Data analyzed included time series of wind speed, wind direction, clouds, precipitation and locally generated 3 hourly surface pressure analyses of California and the Pacific northwest. The characteristics of the sea-breeze circulation under varying synoptic-scale patterns are evaluated to determine the modifying roles of boundary layer stability, surface inversion strength, and low-level cloud amount on the resultant time of onset and peak intensity of the Monterey Bay sea-breeze. The primary modifying factor under all synoptic-scale pressure patterns was the boundary layer depth and stability with the differential heating taking longer to destabilize the boundary layer during the Trough regime.
8
Round, Robert D. "Climatology and analysis of the Monterey Bay sea breeze". Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/39991.
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Sea breeze events on the Monterey Bay are examined from a single station at the mouth of the Salinas Valley. Data analyzed are continuous, two- minute meteorological samples of windspeed, wind direction, temperature, dew point, incoming shortwave irradiance, and incoming longwave irradiance. A speed index is defined using the average hourly maximum and minimum windspeeds oriented in the cross-shore direction thereby reflecting the thermally induced diurnal windspeed enhancement. Large-scale effects on this mesoscale circulation are presented through evaluation of changes in boundary layer depth with changes in speed index. Changes in boundary layer depth as reflected in trends of inland stratus penetration and offshore flow provide insight for anticipating sea breeze intensity.
9
Liu, N. K. "Computational aspects of a fine-mesh sea breeze model". Thesis, Liu, N. K. (1987) Computational aspects of a fine-mesh sea breeze model. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1987. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/51649/.
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Pielke's mesoscale numerical model was set up on minicomputers using a memory optimisation strategy and modification of the model constraints. Model performance was compared with that achieved using a CRAY and demonstrates that the minicomputers can reproduce similar results with a high degree of precision although at the expense of running time.
The model was applied and validated for the 2-D and 3-D cases for the Perth region of Western Australia using a 2 km fine mesh grid stretching to 10 km. The 2-D validation illustrates that the predicted profiles display patterns and trends in close agreement with observations. However, the model is unable to simulate the sharp jump in mixing ratio accompanying the arrival of the sea breeze.
The 3-D validation demonstrates the influence of lateral geographic variation and the predicted fields are comparable to observations. The 3-D model was extended to investigate and predict the temperature variations across the Perth metropolitan area. It illustrates the propagation of a sea breeze front across the region, the role of local river systems, and the creation of intensive temperature gradients along the coast.
10
Duvall, Emily M. "Factors influencing the structures of the Monterey Bay sea breeze". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Mar%5FDuvall.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Meteorology and Physical Oceanography)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2004.Thesis advisor(s): Wendell A. Nuss. Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-60). Also available online.
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Tanguy, Manuel. "Impact de la température de surface sur les précipitations au nord du Golf de Guinée durant le printemps boréal aux échelles saisonnières à diurnes". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2021. https://theses.hal.science/tel-03331652.
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Ce travail étudie l'impact de la température de surface, principalement océanique, sur la mousson ouest africaine, pendant la saison où les précipitations sont les plus importantes autour de de la côte guinéenne (au nord du golfe de Guinée), de fin mai à début juillet. Les données utilisées sont principalement les réanalyses ECMWF ERA5, mais également des produits de données observées : température de surface océanique, précipitations, couverture de différents types de nuages, et vent à la surface de l'océan.Une première partie expose les méthodes adoptées et le contexte saisonnier dans lequel s'inscrit cette phase côtière de la mousson, avant la migration des précipitations vers le nord du continent (Sahel) en été.Une étude climatologique tenant compte de la variabilité interannuelle est ensuite réalisée sur la période 2008-2015 : on retrouve le rôle déterminant de la langue d'eau froide (upwelling équatorial qui apparaît en mai) sur le début de la saison des pluies côtières. De plus, on met en évidence le rôle probable de l'upwelling côtier, qui se forme en juillet le long des côtes guinéennes entre 8W et 5E, sur la fin de ces précipitations côtières, via la diminution de la convergence côtière du transport d'humidité.On s'intéresse ensuite au cycle diurne, qui est important près de la côte et suit complètement la modulation de la convergence de basse couche par l'alternance brise de mer / brise de terre : là encore, l'upwelling côtier semble renforcer la brise de mer et diminuer l'intensité de la brise de terre, donc diminuer les précipitations côté océan (qui constituent la majeure partie des précipitations côtières).Pour finir, une étude à l'échelle intrasaisonnière sur la période 2000-2018 montre que l'influence océanique sur les précipitations côtières (plus précisément sur leur latitude) diminue progressivement vers la fin de la saison pour laisser le régime d'ondes d'est vers 700 hPa prendre le contrôle des précipitations, même si nos analyses suggèrent que ces deux modes interagissent entre eux. On retrouve de plus en intrasaisonnier un signal correspondant à ce qu'on trouve à l'échelle saisonnière : une intensification (diminution) de l'upwelling côtier aurait bien pour effet de diminuer (augmenter) les précipitations côtièresThis work, concerning the West African monsoon, studies the role of surface temperature, mainly over the ocean, during the Spring Guinean coast rainfall season (north of the Gulf of Guinea), from May to July. The data used are mainly ECMWF ERA5 reanalyses, but also satellite observation data : ocean surface temperature, precipitation, cover of different types of clouds, and ocean surface wind.The first part describes the methods developed and the seasonal context in which this coastal phase of the monsoon occurs, before the migration of precipitation towards the Sahel latitude in summer.A climatological study taking into account the inter-annual variability is then carried out over the period 2008-2015. It evidences the determining role of the cold tongue (equatorial upwelling, which appears in May) on the beginning of the coastal rainy season. In addition, highlight is put on the probable role of coastal upwelling, which occurs in July along the Guinean coast between 8W and 5E. This occurence coincides with the end of this coastal precipitation, through the decrease of moisture transport coastal convergence. Then we study the diurnal cycle. Near the coast, it mainly consists in the modulation of the low layer convergence by the sea breeze / land breeze alternation. Again, the coastal upwelling seems to strengthen the sea breeze and decrease the intensity of the land breeze, thus reducing precipitation on the ocean side (which constitutes the major part of coastal precipitation).This work is completed by a study of intra-seasonal variability over the period 2000-2018. Main results are that the oceanic influence on coastal precipitation latitude gradually decreases towards the end of the coastal monsoon season, leaving then the regime of easterly waves around 700 hPa take control of precipitation. Our statistical results, nevertheless, suggest that these two synoptic « modes » interact with each other. Moreover, we find, at the intra-seasonal scale, a signal corresponding to what is found at the seasonal scale: an intensification (decrease) of coastal upwelling would indeed have the effect of reducing (increasing) coastal precipitation
12
Foster, Michael D. "California sea breeze structure and its relation to the synoptic scale". Diss., Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1996. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA321094.
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Dissertation (Ph.D. in Meteorology) Naval Postgraduate School, September 1996.Dissertation superviso(s):Carlyle H. Wash. "September 1996." Includes bibliographical references (p. 171-175). Also available online.
13
Khan, Basit Ali. "Sea Breeze Circulation in the Auckland Region:Observational Data Analysis and NumericalModelling". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geography, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4476.
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The main aim of this research is to improve our knowledge of the sea breeze circulation in the complex coastal environments, where more than one mesoscale circulations occur. Interaction of these circulations with each other and with external factors such as topographical features and large scale winds leads to pronounced changes in the thermodynamic structure of the boundary layer. The variations in sea breeze circulation also have distinct effect on the pollutant transport and dispersion mechanisms in the coastal urban areas. In this research, dynamic and thermodynamic characteristics of the sea breeze circulation and their associated air pollution potential have been investigated by utilizing observational data for two summer periods and numerical modelling techniques. Effect of some external factors such as gradient flow and terrain elevation has also been examined. Observed meteorological and air quality data was obtained from a number of monitoring sites within and around Auckland while Advanced Weather Research & Forecasting (WRF) and ‘The Air Pollution Model’ (TAPM) were employed to simulate meteorology and pollutant dispersion in Auckland. WRF is used to investigate the thermally induced mesoscale circulation while TAPM has been employed to examine the pollutant dispersion in the region. Both models were validated against observed data from six different sites within Auckland. Validation results of WRF and TAPM are also compared with surface meteorology. Validation and inter-comparison of the two models show that WRF performed better than TAPM for all the surface meteorology variables. WRF showed a positive bias in predicted winds speed and relative humidity and a cold bias in the near surface Temperature. TAPM on the other hand under-predicted surface winds, while near surface temperature and relative humidity are similar to WRF.
Results show that the sea breeze occurred around 20% of the two summer periods of 2006 and 2007. Both observed data analysis and the numerical modelling results confirmed the existence of two thermally induced systems in the Auckland region. Bay breezes are initiated in the morning hours (0800 – 1000 hours) from small bodies of water (Manukau, Waitemata, and Kaipara Harbour, and along the Hauraki Gulf coastline), followed by mature sea breezes from the main bodies of water (Tasman Sea and larger Hauraki Gulf area) in the late morning. The cessation of sea breezes started after 1600 hours. Frequency of sea breeze days was the highest under coast-parallel gradient winds (southeast and northwest), with speeds < 6 m s-1. The predicted depth of the sea breeze inflow ranged between 200 and 600 m, while the depth of the return flow was in the range of 200 – 500 m. Sensible heat flux is an important control in the development of sea breeze over the region. Coastal mountain ranges helped early onset of the sea breeze, but also inhibited inland propagation. Strong jet-like westerly winds along the coastline near the Manukau Harbour are due partly to the narrow opening at the Manukau Head, reduced friction over the harbour water, and divergence of wind due to coastline shape. Gradient winds significantly affect the evolution of the sea breeze and modify many of its dynamics, such as the sea breeze inflow layer, return flow, inland penetration, sea breeze head, etc. Under northerly gradient flow northeast sea breeze lasts longer while under southerly gradient flow cessation of the westerly sea breeze was delayed.
Over both east and west coasts, WRF predicted anticlockwise rotation, especially under easterly gradient wind conditions. However, inland stations near Manukau Harbour show partial and complete clockwise rotation, which is primarily due to orographic features of the region. The diurnal rotation of the sea breeze system may contribute to recirculation of pollutants in the morning hours under coast-parallel gradient wind conditions. Pollutants that are emitted during morning peak traffic hours and advected towards Manukau Harbour by the remnants of the land breeze may be returned by bay breezes in the mid morning hours.
Mixed layer height over land before arrival of the sea breeze also varied a lot and ranged between 600 to 1400 m. A convective internal boundary layer (CIBL) forms in the surface layer after arrival of the sea breeze. The CIBL under coast parallel gradient winds was relatively shallow (200 – 400 m), while under coasts-normal gradient winds (southwest and northeast), the predicted depth was in the range of 400 to 500 m. However, the inland extent of the CIBL was greater under coast-normal winds, especially under south-westerly gradient winds. The ground level concentration of air pollutants thus can be increased during sea breeze inflow over the region.
Both bay breeze and mature sea breeze contribute towards development, extent and strength of the sea breeze convergence zones (SBCZs). Gradient winds and terrain play an important role in the position and strength of SBCZs. Under strong south-westerly gradient flow, a SBCZ is formed along the eastern coastline, while under north-easterly gradient winds a SBCZ is formed along the west coastline. During coast-parallel gradient winds the SBCZ is formed in the middle of landmass, and is then gradually displaced eastward or westward depending on the balance between large scale PGF and surface friction effect. In addition to SBCZs, terrain and coastline-induced convergences were also evident. Higher ground level concentrations of pollutants are expected under coast-normal gradient winds, when SBCZs are formed in the middle of the land mass and the wind speed of the sea breeze inflow and the sea breeze front is relatively low. This may increase pollution concentration, especially in the evening hours, to unacceptable levels. Results of this research suggest that given the size, synoptic meteorology and specific geography of the region, significant recirculation of pollutants is not likely to happen to contribute to next day’s pollution. The pollutant concentration may increase in the SBCZs, but their ability to recirculate the pollutants requires more extensive research.
A closed sea breeze circulation cell is unlikely to form in this region due to topographical influences and a strong gradient wind effect. The pollutant plume is expected to be advected in the return flow over the peaks of higher terrain and via the top of the convergence zones, but its remixing in the onshore flow is subject to many factors such as gradient wind speed and direction, direction of the return flow and nature (size and state) of the pollutant. In appropriate conditions, pollution levels may reach to unhealthy levels under coast-parallel gradient wind condition.
14
Taylor, Kelly E. "An investigation of diurnal variability in wind and ocean currents off Huntington Beach, California". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03Mar%5FTaylor.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Meteorology and Oceanography)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2003.Thesis advisor(s): Leslie K. Rosenfeld, Carlyle H. Wash. Includes bibliographical references (p. 85-86). Also available online.
15
Du, Preez Chrisna Barbara. "A mesoscale investigation of the sea breeze in the Stellenbosch winegrowing district". Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02092007-093317.
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Yetter, Joseph A. Jr. "The nature of the propagation of sea breeze fronts in Central California". Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/34963.
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Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.An examination is made of the nature of propagation of sea breeze fronts in central California. From 15 to 30 September, 1987, the LandSea Breeze Experiment (LASBEX) provided a series of meteorological observations including sodar, lidar, rawinsonde, radiosonde and surface observations. Surface observations of opportunity were also available from local marine labs and airports. Using a very simple linear model, the speed and direction of the sea breeze front is investigated. The speed of frontal propagation varied from 1 ms to 3 ms. A correlation between the speed of frontal propagation and estimated surface heat flux is observed. The direction of frontal propagation tends to be up valley. Comparison of the frontal propagation vector with stations in the southern portion of Monterey Bay shows that the front is curved on the mesoscale.
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Yetter, Joseph A. "The nature of the propagation of sea breeze fronts in Central California". Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA238635.
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Thesis (M.S. in Meteorology and Oceanography)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 1990.Thesis Advisor(s): Shaw, William J. Second Reader: Durkee, Philip A. "September 1990." Description based on title screen as viewed on December 15, 2009. DTIC Identifier(s): Fronts (Meteorology), Atmosphere Models, Wave Propagation, LASBEX (Land Sea Breeze Experiment), Meteorological Data, Circulation, Directional, Atmospheric Motion. Author(s) subject terms: LASBEX, Lidar, Sodar. Includes bibliographical references (p. 64-65). Also available in print.
18
Hadi, Tri Wahyu. "A study of tropical sea-breeze circulation using boundary layer radar data". 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/149556.
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Eronn, Ingrid. "Effects of a Sea Breeze Circulation on Fluxes in the Marine Boundary Layer Over the Baltic Sea". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-392488.
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Two days in May 1997 has been studied. During one of the days a sea breeze circulation occured, and the two days were compared in search for effects from the sea breeze on the fluxes in the marine boundary layer. Measurements were made on a tower at the small island Östergarnsholm east of the island Gotland, and by an instrumented aircraft over the sea east and west of Gotland. The direction of the geostrophic wind were about northwest during the time period, but 17 m/s during May 3 and 7 m/s during May 4. The stratification was stable over the main part of the Baltic sea because of the large temperature differences between land and sea surfaces. But as the sea breeze developed and the wind direction turned to the southeast, the stratification at Östergarnsholm changed to near neutral. Both the wind speed and the fluxes decreased with distance from the Swedish mainland and the west coast of Gotland, and the fluxes were over all very small. The momentum flux showed no big difference between the days. Because of the decrease with the distance from the coast and the wind speed it was concluded that the stratification was of greater importance than the sea breeze circulation for the momentum fluxe. But the heat flux was affected by the sea breeze. Because of the sea breeze the stratification became neutral, and thus the heat flux very small. The presence of swell in the baltic sea was also studied. The correlation coefficient gave unexpected result during May 3, with no difference for swell and no swell conditions. The angle between the swell and the wind wave was about 90° during both days, and could not be the reason for the difference. During the May 3 the stratification was mostly stable, while it on May 4 was unstable. It is suggested that this could be a reason for the behaviour of ruw.
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Steele, Christopher. "Simulating sea breeze type climatologies : implications for wind energy, weather forecasting and sailing in the southern North Sea". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2013. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/45009/.
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The energy industry is currently undergoing a revolution. In the southern North Sea, renewable energy production targets, set by European governments to counter growing concerns over climate change, have sparked an initiative to rapidly construct a large number of offshore wind farms. To meet the targets, the industry must overcome many challenges, one of which is to capitalize on the coastal and offshore wind resource. One particular relative component of the sea breeze system, including the contrasting individual sea breeze types, in the offshore environment and requires further study. Here it is shown through idealized model simulations, that each sea breeze type has distinctive characteristics and that the scales involved have the potential to influence opposing coastlines at length scales equivalent to the southern North Sea. It is revealed, through model sensitivity experiments, that variations due to the choice of model boundary layer scheme significantly alter the characteristics of the sea breeze and verification against onshore and offshore measurement data is conducted in order to quantify model performance. A unique simulated climatology of sea breezes is constructed for 5 different coastlines in the southern North Sea spanning from 2002-2012 using an identification method created to distinguish between the sea breeze types. Crucially, it is found that the frequency of sea breezes is highly dependant on coastal orientation with respect to the gradient wind and that total sea breeze frequency varies by more than a factor of two between coastlines. Furthermore, sea breezes forming on one coastline are shown to directly influence those on another. In order to quantify the impact of each sea breeze on wind energy, the climatology is used to assess wind power production on both spatial and temporal scales. It is found that sea breezes do have the potential to significantly impact offshore wind energy production, including the proposed round 3 farms which are further offshore. Furthermore, the precise impact is dependant on sea breeze type. Pure sea breezes reduce power output through the generation of offshore calm zones, whilst corkscrew sea breezes can add to the wind resource through the formation of coastal jets. The lesser known corkscrew sea breeze is attributed to 70% of the total power contribution of all sea breeze events. As turbines increase both in size and power capabilities, it is also demonstrated that the impact of sea breezes on wind turbine output will be greater in the future.
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Taylor, Steven M. "A case study of the Monterey Bay sea breeze on 25 August 1997". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1998. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA356525.
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Thesis (M.S. in Meteorology) Naval Postgraduate School, September 1998."September 1998." Thesis advisor(s): Wendell A. Nuss, Douglas K. Miller. Includes bibliographical references (p. 117-119). Also Available online.
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Clark, Ian W. "A three-dimensional numerical model of the sea breeze for the Plymouth region". Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1783.
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A three-dimensional, hydrostatic, primitive equation model is developed to simulate the Plymouth sea breeze. The equations are integrated forward in time on a staggered mesh with a domain of 64km X 64km X 3km, using a combination of central and upstream differencing. The ground surface is assumed to be smooth and the heat input to the atmosphere transferred vertically without the explicit use of diffusion coefficients. This results in a less stringent stability condition on the timestep, thus reducing the computational cost of the simulations. Sensitivity tests for a two-dimensional version are presented, examining the influence of atmospheric stability, the synoptic scale flow and the magnitude of the surface heat flux. The major features of the raesoscale circulation are well represented including the strong overland updraughts associated with the sea breeze front. Frontal propagation rates are estimated in each simulation. and are found to be in general agreement with available data for Southern England. The preliminary three-dimensional results concern the sensitivity of the model to variations in the synoptic scale flow and the coastal configuration. The former tests show a more vigorous system developing with an offshore synoptic flow and a much weaker circulation for the onshore. The second test illustrates the development of a bay-induced landward bulge in the temperature gradient resulting in an asymmetric distribution of onshore convergence zones. The final simulations represent two case studies of Plymouth sea breeze events during August 1983 and May 1984. The major features of the system are again well simulated, however several key problem areas are identified. These involve the influence of topographic variations, the numerical grid resolution, the heat flux parameterisation and the role of turbulent transfer. Recommendations for further research are proposed and include the application of a terrain-following coordinate scheme and a new observational initiative. In addition, the need for an improved heat flux parameterisation and turbulence closure are identified.
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Tukenmez, Emre. "The relationship between sea breeze forcing and hf radar-derived surface currents in Monterey Bay". Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/42747.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedSupplementary materials (animations) for this document may be found here: https://calhoun.nps.edu/handle/10945/41602
Despite the importance of sea breeze, only Hendrickson and MacMahanâ s research has been done to determine sea breeze effects in Monterey Bay; other than that not much research has been done. In this thesis, CODAR SeaSonde radars are used to map the surface current in Monterey Bay. Temperature, wind speed and wind direction are analyzed for five locations to establish the algorithm for determining the sea breeze days in Monterey Bay. Harmonic analysis is used to understand the relationship between sea breeze and high frequency (HF) radar-derived surface currents. To explain the cause of the peaks and lows in the amplitude of the sea breeze as shown by the harmonic analysis, coastal jet influences, boundary layer height changes, temperature gradient variations and cloudiness are investigated. Current patterns clearly respond to changing sea breeze strength with the strongest amplitudes corresponding to days with fully developed coastal jets. No coastal jet, lower amplitude sea breeze days, however, appear to have a more classical response in terms of wind direction changes. It is understood that rapid decrease of the amplitude of sea breeze in harmonic analysis is the day with sea breeze including obvious wind shifting, and rapid increase is the day when strong synoptic effect is seen obviously over the region.
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Hendrickson, John E. "Diurnal sea breeze-driven cross-shore exchange on the inner shelf in Central Monterey Bay". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Mar/09Mar%5FHendrickson.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Meteorology)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2009.Thesis Advisor(s): MacMahan, Jamie ; Pfeiffer, Karl. "March 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 23, 2009. Author(s) subject terms: Sea breeze, inner shelf, cross-shelf transport, Monterey Bay Includes bibliographical references (p. 37-40). Also available in print.
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Weaver, James C. "The impact of synoptic-scale flow on sea breeze front propagation and intensity at Eglin Air Force Base". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Mar%5FWeaver.pdf.
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Nelis, Patrick M. "The transfer of radionuclides from sea to land in sea spray". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/15496.
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This thesis reports on an investigation into the transport inland in sea spray of radionuclides discharged into the Irish Sea from the nuclear plant at Scllafield in Cumbria. The work was carried out in response to a concern about the increased incidence of childhood leukaemia in the vicinity of Britain's nuclear reprocessing facilities. It is proposed that the sea spray transfer is an important pathway of discharged radioactivity into the human environment. The inland transfer of contaminated sea spray was investigated on the beach at Drigg, between 6 and 10 km south of the BNFL Scllafield marine discharge pipeline, through which significant levels of radionuclides have been flushed since 1952. The radionuclide concentrations of coastal marram grass vegetation and collected on exposed muslin screen passive droplet collectors are reported. The method used to determine the mass of sea-salt collected by the exposed screens is described and the results of these measurements presented. The collection of the natural atmospheric radionuclide 7Bc on the exposed muslin screens was used to extract the effects of the changing wind flow on the collection of the spray droplets at different distances inland. This allowed an elucidation of the true reduction in the radionuclide air concentrations with distance from the sea. The Sellafield-produced radionuclides present on the exposed screens were found to decrease with distance inland at the same rate as the collected sea-salt, implicating the sea spray droplets as the carriers of the radioactivity. A model of the inland transfer of sea spray droplets produced in the turf zone along the shoreline is described. The collection of the contaminated spray in coastal soil, vegetation and muslin screen collectors is simulated. This model gives results which fit the measured reduction in radionuclide air concentrations with distance from the sea. A successful application to datasets of the inland transfer of spray and radioactivity reported elsewhere is also illustrated. The analysis of the changing surface air concentration with distance inland illustrated that the initially rapid reduction measured here and elsewhere is due more to the spray droplets being mixed to higher altitudes than their deposition to the ground. An analysis of a sea spray collection event in which very high radionuclide air concentrations were measured calculates that under certain conditions 1 km of coastline can produce 1.54xl05Bq of 239+240pu and 1.10xl05Bq of 241Am per hour. This material is thought to be efficiently transported inland in sea spray, and 60% of it is calculated to be still airborne 1 km from the coast. It is concluded that the sea spray transport of marine discharged radioactivity transfers significant levels of long-lived radionuclides to the land, much of it in the respirable size range, and that this material can be carried to large distances from the sea. This pathway merits further investigation as the causes of the increased leukaemia incidence in West Cumbria are sought.
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Cross, Patrick S. "A comparison of modeled and observed ocean mixed layer behavior in a sea breeze influenced coastal region". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1993. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA277911.
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Thesis (M.S. in Physical Oceanography and M.S. in Meteorology)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 1993.Thesis advisor(s): Carlyle H. Wash ; Leslie R. Rosenfeld. "December 1993." Bibliography: p. 108-111. Also available online.
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Caccamise, Dana J. "Sea and land level changes in Hawai'i". Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/7023.
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An overall rise in sea level has been recorded by all Hawaii tide gauges over the last century; however, the rates vary considerably between islands. In particular, the sea level rise rate is higher at Hilo (3.3 mm/yr) on the island of Hawaii at the southeast end of the island chain, than at Honolulu (1.4 mm/yr) on the island of Oahu about 335 Ian to the northwest. This difference has been attributed to island subsidence associated with active volcanism at the southeast end of the Hawaiian ridge. Continuous GPS measurements collected over the past 5 years are used to examine the relative vertical movements of the main Hawaiian Islands in an attempt to reconcile the observed difference in sea level rates. The rates of vertical crustal motion are estimated in a reference frame realized using a network of 30 GPS stations spread across the Pacific region. Although absolute vertical motion rates are not yet obtainable, the differential rates of vertical crustal motion are determined to within approximately ± 0.5 mm/yr at the 95% confidence level. The geodetic measurements indicate that vertical velocities within the main Hawaiian Islands are similar. Hilo is subsiding relative to Honolulu, but the difference in rates is only 0.5 mm/yr, considerably less than the 1.9 mm/yr difference suggested by tide gauge observations. Historical hydrographic data suggest that steric sea level trends since 1945 vary considerably along the Hawaiian Ridge, with rates increasing from the northwest to the southeast. It is suggested that the difference in Hilo-Honolulu sea level rise rate is due in part to upper ocean thermal variations. The notion that oceanographic effects influence differential rates of sea level rise at Hawaii challenges previous interpretations based solely on variable crustal motion. The absolute rate of vertical crustal motion at Honolulu has been constrained by coral-age data to be less than 0.1 mm/yr since the last interglacial. A reanalysis of the age-depth relationship obtained from submerged Holocene corals recovered from the Hilo drill hole is consistent with an absolute rate of crustal subsidence anywhere between - 2.7 and 0 mm/yr. Given this wide range of velocities, the differential Holocene subsidence rates from coral data do not conflict with our reinterpretation of the tide gauge data.ix, 63 leaves
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Zhang, Zhiqing. "Carriers' liabilities in sea/land multimodal transport". Thesis, University of Bristol, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/e6ebb0c4-8e4c-49c2-a5d6-ee74379ae3b0.
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Alonso, Arroyo Alberto. "Contributions to land, sea, and sea ice remote sensing using GNSS-reflectometry". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/404062.
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This PhD thesis researches the use of passive remote sensing techniques using signals transmitted from the navigation satellites (GNSS) in order to retrieve different geophysical parameters. The thesis consists of two different parts without taking into account the introduction, the state of the art and the conclusions. The first part analyzes the Interference Pattern Technique (IPT), which was previously used in another PhD thesis, and proposes some key improvements. First, the addition of horizontal polarization to the existing vertical polarization is proposed. Then, the retrieval of soil moisture is studied using the horizontal polarization only and combining both polarizations to correct for the surface roughness effects. It is also demonstrated that the phase difference between the two interference patterns is directly related to soil moisture content. A field campaign was conducted in Australia to test empirically all the theoretical developments and algorithms. Secondly, the possibility of measuring Significant Wave Height (SWH) and Mean Sea Surface Level (MSSL) using the IPT is studied. A three month field campaign over coastal sea is devoted to that study. The SWH retrieval is a new estimation algorithm based on measuring the point where the interference pattern loses coherence. The MSSL retrieval is based on the estimation of the IPT oscillation frequency, testing different spectral estimators to improve the accuracy. Since the IPT is limited in coverage due to its static requirements, the research conducted in this thesis migrated to scatterometric GNSS-R techniques. The main goal that migration was to increase coverage of the different GNSS-R instruments. Therefore, the second part of this thesis analyzes the applicability of a scatterometric technique from different platforms: ground-based (mobile and fixed), airborne, and spaceborne. The ground-based still platforms have allowed to develop a soil moisture retrieval algorithm. The ground-based moving platforms have extended the validity of that algorithm. Airborne platforms have been used to study the reflected electric field statistics when the surface reflecting surface is varying (smooth or rough land, and sea). They have also been used to develop different algorithms to measure the coherent and incoherent scattered components depending on the data structure (real-data or complex data). Coherent reflectivity measured from airborne platforms has been compared to other techniques such microwave radiometry, which is highly used in the soil moisture retrieval from spaceborne sensors, and other sensors using optical, multispectral and thermal frequency bands. These relationships between microwave radiometry and GNSS-R measurements suggests the potential synergy of both techniques. A sea ice detection algorithm is also developed using scatterometric GNSS-R data from the UK TDS-1 mission. This algorithm is based on measuring the degree of coherence of the reflected waveform. Finally, a field campaign was conducted to study the effect of vegetation on the GNSS signals that pass through it in order to take into account and correct the effect of vegetation in the GNSS-R data and in the soil moisture retrieval algorithms.Aquesta tesi doctoral aprofundeix en el coneixement de les tècniques de teledetecció passives utilitzant senyals emesos pels satèl·lits de navegació (GNSS) amb l'objectiu de recuperar diferents paràmetres geofísics del terreny. La tesi conté dues parts ben diferenciades a banda de la introducció, estat de l'art i conclusions. La primera part analitza la tècnica coneguda com a patró d'interferències, utilitzada prèviament en una altra tesi doctoral, i proposa certes millores per la seva aplicabilitat. En primer lloc es decideix afegir polarització horitzontal a la ja existent polarització vertical, i s'estudia la recuperació d'humitat del sòl utilitzant només polarització horitzontal i combinant les dues polaritzacions per corregir els efectes de la rugositat del terreny. A continuació es demostra que la mesura de desfasament entre els dos patrons d'interferència està directament relacionada amb la humitat del terreny. Es va realitzar una campanya de mesures a Austràlia per provar empíricament tots els desenvolupaments teòrics i algorismes proposats. En segon lloc s'analitza l'aplicabilitat del patró d'interferències en la mesura de l'altura de les onades (SWH) i del nivell del mar (MSSL), tots dos de forma precisa. L'estimació de l'alçada de les onades és un procés totalment nou basat en mesurar el punt on el patró d'interferències perd la coherència. L'estimació del nivell del mar es basa en l'anàlisi espectral del patró d'interferències provant diferents estimadors espectrals. Atès que la tècnica del patró d'interferència està limitada en cobertura per les seves característiques estàtiques, la investigació duta a terme en aquesta tesi doctoral va migrar cap a tècniques GNSS-R escateromètriques. El principal objectiu a assolir va ser el d'augmentar la cobertura dels diferents instruments GNSS-R de mesura. En conseqüència, la segona part d'aquesta tesi analitza l'aplicabilitat d'aquestes tècniques des de diferents plataformes terrestres (mòbils i fixes), aerotransportades i satèl·lit. Les plataformes terrestres fixes han permès derivar algoritmes de recuperació d'humitat i les mòbils estendre la validació d'aquests. Les plataformes aerotransportades s'han utilitzat per mirar l'estadística del camp elèctric reflectit quan la superfície on es reflecteixen els senyals GNSS va variant (terra plana o terra rugosa, i mar). També han servit per desenvolupar diferents algorismes amb l'objectiu de determinar les components coherent i incoherent del senyal reflectit. De la mateixa manera, dades de reflectivitat coherent mesurades des d'aquestes plataformes han estat comparades amb altres tècniques de teledetecció passiva com la radiometria de microones, altament utilitzada en la mesura d'humitat de terreny, i altres sensors òptics, multi-espectrals, i tèrmics. Aquests resultats han permès suggerir la possible sinergia de dades d'ambdues tecnologies. Un algorisme per detectar la presència de gel sobre el mar també ha estat desenvolupat mitjançant l'ús de dades GNSS-R escateromètriques satel·litals de la missió UK TDS-1. Aquest algorisme es basa en mesurar el grau de coherència de la forma d'ona reflectida. Finalment, s'ha realitzat un estudi de l'efecte de la vegetació en els senyals GNSS que la travessen, per tal de poder corregir aquest efecte en els algoritmes de recuperació d'humitat del terreny.
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Svensson, Martin. "An Investigation of the Relation between Sea Breeze Circulation and Diurnal Variation of Methane at a Swedish Lake". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten och landskapslära, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-253626.
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Methane measurements over lake Tämnaren show a pronounced diurnal variation with high values at night and low values during daytime. The atmosphere over the lake and its surroundings is simulated with two different settings and resolutions of the WRF model during a period of eight days in May 2011 to investigate if a lake/land breeze circulation could be the cause of the observed methane variation. A night time land breeze can give rise to convergence over Tämnaren of the natural methane emissions from the lake which possibly could explain the diurnal variation. Analysis show that although Tämnaren is large enough to initiate a fully closed circulation these events are likely going to be rare because of the strong dependence of the background wind speed and cannot therefore be the cause of the pronounced diurnal variation. A fairly moderate wind speed will dominate over the thermodynamical forcing necessary to create a lake breeze. Even so, it is possible that a closed or nearly closed circulation could enhance the diurnal pattern with an increase of methane concentration at night and a decrease during the day. The reason for the high night time methane concentration is more likely due to the accumulation in a shallow internal boundary layer that develops over the lake combined with high night time methane flux caused by waterside convection.Mätningar av metankoncentrationen över Tämnaren visar en tydlig dygnsvariation med höga värden på natten och låga under dagtid. Atmosfären över sjön med omgivning modelleras med två olika inställningar och upplösningar av WRF modellen under en åttadagarsperiod i Maj 2011 för att undersöka om en sjö- och landbriscirkulation kan vara orsaken till den observerade metanvariationen. På natten kan en landbris ge upphov till konvergens över Tämnaren av de naturliga metanutsläppen vilket skulle kunna vara en möjlig förklaring till dygnsvariationen. Vidare analys visar att Tämnaren är tillräckligt stor för att initiera en sluten cirkulation men dessa händelser är troligtvis sällsynta på grund av det starka inflytandet av bakgrundsvinden och kan därför inte vara orsaken till den uttalade metanvariationen. En relativt måttlig vind kommer dominera över den termodynamiska effekt som är drivande för skapandet av sjö- och landbris. Trots detta är det möjligt att en sluten eller nästan sluten cirkulation kan förstärka metanhaltens dygnsvariation med en ökning på natten och minskning under dagen. Orsaken till den observerade höga metankoncentrationen på natten är troligare en ackumulering i ett grunt internt ytskikt som bildas över Tämnaren kombinerat med höga nattliga metanflöden till följd av konvektion i sjön.
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Eriksson, Hägg Hanna. "Nitrogen land-sea fluxes in the Baltic Sea catchment : Empirical relationships and budgets". Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad miljövetenskap (ITM), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-32493.
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In this thesis empirical relationships and modeling tools are used to describe the relationship between human activities and meso- and large scale riverine N fluxes from land to sea. On a large scale Paper I showed that by only having knowledge about human population size and runoff one can estimate the riverine export of DIN (r2= 0.76). In Paper II we included two other important anthropogenic N inputs, i.e. atmospheric deposition and primary emission (PE) from animals. In most of the catchments the PE from animals were larger than the PE from humans. Hence, development of livestock is important and increased animal protein consumption by humans might increase the riverine N export. Scenario analysis (Paper II) show that climate change is expected to both decrease and increase the riverine N export depending on which part of the catchment is modeled. In the southern and eastern parts of the Baltic Sea catchment there is large potential for N reductions from point sources (Papers III & V). The diffuse sources are more difficult to decrease and a reduction of mineral fertilizer does not always lead to reduced N loadings because the agricultural systems can buffer even a slight surplus (Paper III). There is inertia in the catchments which can be seen in for example in the northern part of the catchment. Here atmospheric N deposition is almost as high as in the southern part but the nitrogen flux from these rivers is not elevated. These northern river catchments have N exports of the same magnitude as the natural background (Paper IV), indicating that the atmospheric N deposition is retained in the system and probably taken up by N limited boreal forests. However, important reductions can be achieved in the agricultural sector by detailed management of the planted land and animal manure. The highest sensitivity is in catchments with high animal density and high specific discharge, primarily draining to Kattegat and Danish Straits (Paper II & IV).At the time of doctoral dissertation the following publications were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript
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Mahon, Casey M. "A littoral combat model for land-sea missile engagements". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion-image.exe/07Sep%5FMahon.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2007.Thesis Advisor(s): Lucas, Thomas W. ; Hughes, Wayne P. "September 2007." Description based on title screen as viewed on October 23, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 79). Also available in print.
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Giannakopoulou, Evangelia Maria. "Land-boundary layer-sea interactions in the Middle East". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/10479.
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Understanding the land–boundary layer–sea interactions is a primary target both in the context of low-level jet (LLJ) development and landscape alterations. This thesis attempts to address and study these interactions in the Middle East. The thesis investigates the summertime LLJ over the Persian Gulf, known as the Shamal. Terrain height, land-sea and novel mountain slope sensitivity experiments were conducted and compared with a control run. It was found that the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model accurately simulates the LLJ’s vertical structure, nocturnal features and strong diurnal oscillation of the wind, and that orography, mountain slope and land/sea breezes determine the Shamal diurnal variation of wind speed and wind direction. The Iranian mountain range not only channels the northwesterly winds but also provides a barrier for the easterly monsoon airflow. The steep slopes cause increased wind speeds; however, the shallow slopes reveal a stronger diurnally varying wind direction due to larger diurnal heating of the sloping terrain. The land breeze and the lower friction over the sea increase the intensity of the nocturnal jet over the Gulf. To determine the effects of the Nile Delta man-induced greening on local climate, the WRF model was used to compare control simulations, which employ the present-day Nile Delta landscape, with desertification experiments in which the Nile Delta is replaced by desert. It was found that the low surface albedo of the present-day agricultural Nile Delta increases net radiation, which in turn raises potential evapotranspiration (PET). This suggests that agricultural use increases the water demand by enhancing PET. Non-local effects were also examined. It was found that a frontal system over the eastern Mediterranean Sea, associated with a storm event, is shifted farther away from the coast. This shift is attributed to a stronger land breeze in the present-day land-cover.
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Beaudouin, Audrey. "Land, sea and communities in 18th-century Shetland islands". Thesis, Rennes 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN20047/document.
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Dans un rentier des terres arables des îles Shetland, écrit au début des années 1770, l’expression suivante apparut : « Les habitants des villages d’un même scattald sont appelés frères de scatt ». Ces quelques mots déclenchèrent une série de questions : qu’est-ce qu’un scattald ? Qu’est-ce que le scatt ? Qui sont ces frères de scatt ? Des recherches aux Archives Nationales d’Écosse et aux archives des îles Shetland ainsi que la lecture de travaux universitaires sur les questions des communautés, des communs, des coutumes, des systèmes de justice locale et sur la vie rurale à l’époque moderne conduisirent à l’écriture de cette thèse sur les communautés des îles Shetland au XVIIIe siècle. Ces communautés vivaient dans un contexte géographique particulier. Sans sous estimer le rôle de l’environnement local dans la vie des Shetlandais, cette thèse montre que celui-ci était plus un espace de possibilités que de restrictions ; il apportait des contraintes, mais tout autre environnement dans l’Europe moderne avait aussi ses limites. La vie dans les îles Shetland était, comme n’importe où en Écosse à la même époque, fondée sur les ressources locales et le développement de l’économie de marché apporta ses avantages et ses inconvénients aux habitants. Dans les îles Shetland, l’économie de marché entraîna le développement des tenures à poissons avec leurs contrats particuliers de métayage.Pour comprendre ces communautés, la thèse s’ouvre sur la manière dont elles étaient régulées. Les lois, les cours et le personnel judiciaire avaient tous un rôle à jouer dans le contrôle social des membres des communautés. Cette thèse explore aussi les activités des membres des communautés dans leur environnement. Les îles Shetland comme de nombreuses régions du nord-ouest de l’Europe à la même époque, étaient un espace de pluriactivité. À travers la pluriactivité et l’accès aux communs, les communautés shetlandaises des scattalds gardèrent un certain niveau d’indépendance même à une époque où existait la servitude pour dettes. Cette relation particulière fut rendue possible par un accès presque illimité aux communs pendant tout le XVIIIe siècle, époque pendant laquelle les déplacements sur les communs étaient possibles et où la transmission de la mémoire de ses frontières restait vivante. Des changements eurent cependant lieu sur les îles Shetland à cette époque. Les tenures à poissons ne furent qu’un élément de ces changements : les femmes commencèrent à être plus nombreuses que les hommes, la taille des terres arables cultivées par foyer diminua, les communs protégés furent lentement grignotés, et la cour de justice régionale offrit plus de possibilités de justice aux plus hauts rangs qu’aux tenanciers… Finalement, cette thèse soutient qu’au XVIIIe siècle, les communautés locales shetlandaises offraient une protection aux femmes et aux hommes qui à travers elles avaient un système de soutien organiséIn a rental of the arable land of Shetland, written in the early 1770s, the following expression appeared: “The inhabitants of the Towns within the same Scattald are called scatt brethren.” These few words triggered a series of questions. What is a scattald? What is the scatt? Who are these ‘scatt brothers’? Research at the National Records of Scotland and at the Shetland Archives as well as the reading of academic literature on the questions of communities, commons, custom, local judicial systems and rural life in the early modern period led to the writing of a thesis on communities in the 18th century. These communities lived in a peculiar geographical context: the Shetland Islands. Without underestimating the role of the local environment in the life of the Shetlanders, this thesis shows that the surroundings of the Shetlanders were more a place of possibilities than a place of restrictions; it brought constraints, but any other surroundings in early modern Europe had its limitations. The life on the islands of Shetland was as anywhere else on mainland Scotland at the same period a life based on local resources and which saw the development of a market economy with its advantages and disadvantages for the inhabitants. In Shetland the market economy took the form of the fishing tenures with their specific share-cropping contracts.In order to understand these communities the thesis starts with how they were regulated. The regulations, the courts and their personnel all had a role to play in the social control of the members of the communities. This thesis also explores the activities of the communities’ members in their environment. Shetland as well as several regions in Northwest Europe at the same time was a place of pluriactivité, multi-tasking. Through multi-tasking and access to the commons, the scattald communities of Shetland kept a certain level of independence even in time of debt-bondage. This paradoxical relationship was rendered possible by an almost unlimited access to the commons throughout the 18th century, a time during which the movement on the commons were possible and the transmission of the memory of their boundaries stayed alive. Changes, however, happened on the islands during these times. The fishing tenures were only one element of these changes: women started to outnumber men, the size of the arable land cultivated by one household diminished, the protected commons were slowly nibbled, and a regional court offered more possibilities for justice to the higher ranks than to the tenants... Eventually, this thesis argues that local communities in 18th-century Shetland offered protection to women and men who through them had an organised support system
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Kocak, Ozan <1994>. "Application of the Life Cycle Assessment to land-based farmed sea bass and sea bream". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/21973.
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As the world population grows, the demand for the food industry also increases. Moreover, adverse effects such as environmental problems, economic crises, and global pandemics cause difficulties in the food supply chain. In this sense, aquaculture has the potential to provide sufficient protein to this growing population. It is seen that the use of aquaculture in fish production will increase in the coming years. For this reason, current problems should be determined, and it is necessary to develop sustainable solutions to these problems. In this sense, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a unique methodology. In this thesis work, two species of fish produced by aquaculture were studied: sea bass and sea bream. The sustainability of these fish species was assessed using the life cycle assessment. Thus, the data for the grow-out phrase, packaging, and commercialization of seabass and seabream production from the land-based farm 'Il Vigneto' partner of the NewTechAqua project were collected, and the system was modelled.
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Shibuo, Yoshihiro. "Modelling water and solute flows at land-sea and land-atmosphere interfaces under data limitations". Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology, Stockholm University, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-6834.
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INNOCENTI, ALBERTO. "DESIGN for COASTALSCAPE. The spatial dimension of land-sea planning". Doctoral thesis, Università IUAV di Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11578/293702.
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The PhD examines the phenomenon of coastal territories and their land and sea dynamics by a planning perspective. The study starts from the consideration that half of the world’s population interacts daily with the sea through living in coastal cities and that these geographical areas are under constant pressure from anthropic activities and climate change threats.
This doctoral dissertation aims to understand how a well-structured framework of knowledge about land-sea interactions might enhance the resilience of coastalscapes. The research considers multiple approaches to tackle the topic from diverse points of view. The PhD path is divided into two key milestones.
The first key milestone of the research, coming along on a double literature review on land-sea interactions, attempts to detect, find gaps and build a framework of knowledge on land-sea interactions in order to make more accessible the topic to scientists and policymakers.
The second key milestone endeavours to enlarge the knowledge gained from the first key milestone; by looking at the coastal area through a different lens, it tries to interpret the land-sea interactions phenomena that shape the coastalscape. This milestone is based on multiple case studies approach through a mapping analysis. The first phase is focused on understanding the typologies of anthropic and natural environments present in the case studies through three types of mapping analysis. The second phase zooms in on edge to understand the components of the coastalscape by revealing a common mapping language.
The approach and methods used in the research - the double literature review, fluxes schemes and mapping - have contributed to the knowledge and even though applied on four specific cases can be relevant as guidance through the study of other cases.
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Tonk, Aafke M. "Longshore sediment transport driven by sea breezes on low-energy sandy beaches, Southwestern Australia". Thesis, Loughborough University, 2004. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7644.
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Longshore sediment transport rate was measured during energetic sea breeze activity, on intermediate-to-reflective sandy beaches in Southwestern Australia. Estimates of suspended load were obtained using backscatter sensors, current meters and streamer traps. Total load was determined using fluorescent tracer sand and an impoundment study. The measurementsw ere cross-compareda nd usedt o evaluates everalw idely-used longshore transport equations. The streamer trap measurement revealed an exponential distribution of the suspended sediment flux with vertical mixing decreasing in the onshore direction. A continuous time series of the longshore suspended sediment flux across the surf zone was obtained by combining the streamer trap measurements with data collected using surf zone instruments. Comparison of the suspended longshore flux with the total longshore flux derived from the dispersal of the sand tracer indicated that the relative contribution of the suspendedlo ad to the total load was at least 59 %. The movement of sandt racer on four different beaches demonstrated that nearshore sediments were transported obliquely across the surf zone, challenging our conventional view of dividing nearshore sediment transport into cross-shore and longshore components. Furthermore, tracer was found to move from the outer surf zone to the swash zone and vice versa, indicating a cross-shore sediment exchange. The contribution of the swash zone to the total longshore flux was estimated around 30-40 %. Despite large differences in the temporal and spatial scales of the measurement techniques, the littoral drift rates are comparable, suggesting a northward transport rate of 138,000-200,000 m3 year-1. Longshore sediment transport during sea breezes is mainly the result of a high longshore energy flux exerted by wind waves. This is accurately predicted by the equations of Inman and Bagnold (1963) and CERC (1984). The bimodal wave field, characteristic of Southwestern Australia, renders the Kamphuis (1991b) formula unsuitable in this instance.
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Chaundy, Janet A. "Place identity and the sea : a visual investigation into sea space and the land/sea interface with special reference to Cowes Week". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323969.
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Gregory, Thomas R. "Holocene sea ice-ocean-climate variability from Adélie Land, East Antarctica". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2012. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/41566/.
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Marine sedimentation from the Adélie Land continental margin of East Antarctica provides unique high resolution records of Holocene environmental change. The subannually resolved sediment cores MD03-2601 (66°03.07’S, 138°33.43’E) and IODP-318-U1357B (66°24.7990′S, 140°25.5705′E) from the Dumont d’Urville Trough,Adélie Land, document atmospheric and oceanic processes impacting on biogenic sedimentation on the Adélie Land continental shelf during the Holocene. Resin embedded, continuous polished thin sections from each core were analysed for diatom content and sediment microfabric using scanning electron microscope backscattered electron imagery. The sediments contained repeating sequences of seasonal diatom-rich laminae which enabled multi-taper method time series analysis. Time series analysis shows that in the Hypsithermal there appears to have been an external (solar) control on interannual sedimentation as well as internal controls (e.g. the southern annular mode, SAM, and El Nino-southern Oscillation, ENSO); whilst in the Neoglacial internal climatic modes exerted a much stronger control. Quasi-biennial (2 – 3 year) peaks commonly occurred in analysis of both Hypsitherml and Neoglacial sequences. The distribution of resting spore-rich laminae in these sections suggests that a multidecadal (>50-years) variation between phasing of the SAM and ENSO systems may exert an important control on interannual environmental variability in the sections analysed. The distribution of diatom-derived biomarker proxies, namely C25 highly branched isoprenoid (HBI) alkenes, was compared to the diatom lamina-based record in core MD03-2601. At the Holocene scale, HBI diene and triene molecules have a positive association to sea ice associated diatom-rich laminae, with greater abundances of both HBI molecules and sea ice associated diatom laminae in the Neoglacial interval. However, at a sub-annual resolution there is no strong association between lamina type and HBI concentrations. This is attributed to a combination of: (i) the HBI alkenes recording a different signal to that of the diatom-rich laminae; (ii) interannual variation in HBI export that is greater than inter-seasonal variation, for which there is little modern data for comparison; (iii) possible diagenetic alteration of the HBI signal.
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Morrow, Eric. "Estimates of Land Ice Changes from Sea Level and Gravity Observations". Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11385.
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Understanding how global ice volume on the Earth has changed is of significant importance to improving our understanding of the climate system. Fortunately, the geographically unique perturbations in sea level that result from rapid changes in the mass of, otherwise difficult to measure, land-ice reservoirs can be used to infer the sources and magnitude of melt water. We explore the history of land-ice mass changes through the effect that these mass fluxes have had on both global and regional gravity and sea-level fields.Earth and Planetary Sciences
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Lewis, Jonathan P. "Holocene environmental change in coastal Denmark : interactions between land, sea and society". Thesis, Loughborough University, 2011. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/8717.
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In this study a multiproxy approach (including sedimentary techniques, diatoms, molluscs, foraminifera, sedimentary pigments, isotopes, pollen and plant macrofossils) has been adopted to assess environmental change over the last ~9,000 years at three Danish coastal sites (Kilen, Norsminde Fjord and Korup Sø). Particular focus has been placed on periods of intense human coastal occupation, identifiable in Denmark's rich coastal archaeological record (i.e. shell midden accumulation periods), to test critically, hypotheses that changes in the marine environment were contemporary with major cultural and societal changes over the last ~9,000 years. For example, it has been proposed that a decrease in salinity was responsible for the widespread oyster decline, apparent in the Neolithic layers of a number of Danish shell middens. This hypothesis, however, remains speculative to date, lacking any high-resolution and quantitative salinity data covering the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition. Inside the agricultural era, two more phases of shell midden accumulation occur (i.e. during the Pitted Ware/Single Grave cultural period and the Iron Age), suggesting that people must have returned to the sea at these times for increased exploitation of its resources. A diatom-based salinity transfer function (WAPLS-C3 model, r2 boot = 0.923, RMSEP= 0.36 square root salinity units) based on a trans-Baltic training set has been applied to fossil diatom datasets from each site for quantitative assessment of salinity change over the study period. The multiproxy results presented in this study demonstrate a close connection between environmental change and human exploitation of marine resources over the Holocene. This relationship, however, is complex, with the individual fjord systems often exhibiting spatially different responses (i.e. variations in the sedimentary regime, salinity, productivity and nutrient status) to changes in key forcing mechanisms such as sea level change, climate change and human impact upon the catchment (following the introduction of agriculture). Environmental hypotheses for cultural change are reviewed on the basis of the evidence presented in this study. Diatomenvironmental relationships have also been modelled (using multivariate techniques) at Korup Sø and Norsminde Fjord using proxy data as ‘predictor' variables for changes in the terrestrial and marine environment. These results suggest that a variety of marine, climatic, human and catchment related processes are important in explaining a proportion of the variation in the fossil diatom datasets, but these influences tend to vary temporally throughout the profile (e.g. human impact becomes important after ~3,900 BC).
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Ko, Maisie Ming-Sze. "From land to sea : an exploration of Sargents Wharf design and redevelopment". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/79954.
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Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture; and, (S.M. in Real Estate Development)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1990.Includes bibliographical references (p. 112-113).
Based on the critique of privatization of the waterfront, design and d~velopment explorations are made to reinforce public access from the city to the water with emphasis on creating a clear sequence of public spaces that provide a variety of urban waterfront experiences. Sargents Wharf is chosen as the site for this exploration. It is the last publicly owned parcel in Boston North End/ Downtown waterfront that is still available for redevelopment A mix-use program is proposed to maximize the accessibility of the wharf to a broad group of users. The thesis draws together two development issues: (i) how public access and benefits can be generated by private development through public-private partnership and creative programming; and (ii) how real estate value can be created by quality design that incorporates public and private goals. The design exploration of Sargents Wharf focuses on linking the inner North End region with the waterfront, providing a territorial zone of exchange between land and water, and developing a unique mix use waterfront environment that creates real estate value. Design concepts are derived from the observation and transformation of the built and natural landscape. The intention is to create access continuity with thematic variation from the built to the unbuilt, enhancing a variety of experiences between the urban fabric and the natural landscape. This will bring to the public a new awareness of the relationship of the city and' the sea, as well as the opportunity to participate interactively with the water's edge.
by Maisie Ming-Sze Ko.
S.M.in Real Estate Development
M.Arch.
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Singleton, Benedict E. "From the sea to the land beyond : exploring plural perspectives on whaling". Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-52869.
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A perennial challenge in efforts to deal with environmental issues is the question of how to simplify. As such, where and when one simplifies is often a source of conflict, but perversely also paramount to finding a solution. This thesis focuses on one long-standing environmental issue, the whaling debate. Specifically, it performs a strategically sited microethnography of Faroese whaling, grindadráp, exploring linkages between actions on local and international scales. This thesis aims to contribute to environmental sociological efforts to analyse and resolve complex socio-environmental problems. The five papers that together constitute this thesis collectively provide a description of grindadráp from the local scale of the bays where pilot whales are killed to the international forums where whaling as a whole remains an issue at the heart of an on-going, deadlocked conflict. Primarily based on three months’ fieldwork in the Faroe Islands, this thesis combines observation, interviews, media and other literature. The theoretical lenses employed are that of the ‘ontological turn’ and the ‘theory of sociocultural viability’ (cultural theory). The former utilised as a tool for ethnographic practice with the latter used to analyse how different perspectives on reality manifest throughout the whaling conflict. This thesis demonstrates that grindadráp has changed through time as a result of the interactions between actors with different views on the matter at hand. However, in contrast to the global whaling debate, this interaction has been mostly constructive, with appropriate changes in practice ensuring grindadráp’s continued popularity within the Faroe Islands. Furthermore, its continuation will likely depend on grindadráp’s continued ability to balance different perspectives. This thesis thus echoes environmental sociological calls for improved dialogue in the framing and resolution of environmental disputes, suggesting that cultural theory provides a tool that balances relativism and pragmatism in dealing with complex environmental problems.
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Pätsch, Ricarda [Verfasser], Anke [Gutachter] Meisert e Erwin [Gutachter] Bergmeier. "Between land and sea — saline and brackish grasslands of the Baltic Sea coast / Ricarda Pätsch ; Gutachter: Anke Meisert, Erwin Bergmeier". Hildesheim : Universitätsverlag Hildesheim, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1201818974/34.
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Vasciannie, Stephen. "Land-locked and geographically disadvantaged states in the international Law of the Sea". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302925.
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Viewegh, James. "Life! land, air, and sea : a series of mixed media drawings on plexiglass". Virtual Press, 1992. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/864920.
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The creative project was a series of three, mixed media drawings created on multiple layers of transparent plexiglass. The artist designed a frame in which three sheets of plexiglass were contained. This unit portrayed a three-dimensional drawing. The artist then experimented with a variety of mediums to determine which material was best suited for successful rendering on plexiglass. The artist then did a number of sketches to determine what images would best convey the idea of humankind's close connection to the land, air, and sea.The primary accomplishments achieved in this project were the knowledge gained in the experimentation of materials and the ability to create a composition on multiple layers of plexiglass. Through these successes, the artist was able to effectively create a series of three three-dimensional mixed media drawings.Department of Art
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Kling, Ashley Lindsey. "Effects of Formulated Feeds and Saccharina Latissima on Growth, Gonadal-Somatic Index, and Gonad Color in Grow-Out Stage Green Sea Urchins, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis, in Land-Based Echiniculture". Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2009. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/KlingAL2009.pdf.
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Ólason, Einar Örn [Verfasser], e Lars [Akademischer Betreuer] Kaleschke. "Dynamical modelling of Kara Sea land-fast ice / Einar Örn Ólason. Betreuer: Lars Kaleschke". Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1022196332/34.
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