Artigos de revistas: "Labour value"

1

Aspromourgos, Tony. "Value and Labour". History of Economics Review 43, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2006): 150–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/18386318.2006.11681226.

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Arthur, Christopher J. "Value, Labour and Negativity". Capital & Class 25, n.º 1 (março de 2001): 15–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030981680107300103.

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Sabine Pfeiffer. "Web, value and labour". Work Organisation, Labour & Globalisation 7, n.º 1 (2013): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.13169/workorgalaboglob.7.1.0012.

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Itoh, Makoto. "Skilled Labour in Value Theory". Capital & Class 11, n.º 1 (março de 1987): 39–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030981688703100104.

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Murray, Patrick. "Marx's “Truly Social” Labour Theory of Value: Part I, Abstract Labour in Marxian Value Theory". Historical Materialism 6, n.º 1 (2000): 27–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156920600100414551.

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FOSTER, ROBERT J. "Commodity futures: Labour, love and value". Anthropology Today 21, n.º 4 (agosto de 2005): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0268-540x.2005.00366.x.

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Cockshott, Paul, e Allin Cottrell. "Labour value and socialist economic calculation". Economy and Society 18, n.º 1 (fevereiro de 1989): 71–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03085148900000003.

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Akalin, Ayşe. "Motherhood as the Value of Labour". Australian Feminist Studies 30, n.º 83 (2 de janeiro de 2015): 65–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08164649.2014.998451.

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Lee, Chai-on. "Marx's labour theory of value revisited". Cambridge Journal of Economics 17, n.º 4 (dezembro de 1993): 463–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.cje.a035249.

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Cushen, Jean, e Paul Thompson. "Financialization and value: why labour and the labour process still matter". Work, Employment and Society 30, n.º 2 (fevereiro de 2016): 352–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950017015617676.

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Rauhala, Paula Maria. "The Neue Marx-Lektüre and the ‘Monetary Theory of Value’ in the East German Labour-Value Measurement Debate". Historical Materialism 29, n.º 2 (28 de junho de 2021): 29–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1569206x-12341988.

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Abstract Proponents of a monetary interpretation of Marx’s theory of value (monetäre Werttheorie) argue that one cannot estimate the amounts of socially necessary labour time that lie behind the prices, an interpretation usually ascribed to the West German Neue Marx‑Lektüre. As Hans-Georg Backhaus began fleshing out his monetary interpretation in the early 1970s, he referred explicitly to debate among economists in early‑1960s East Germany about the possibility of estimating quantities of labour value in terms of commodities’ labour content. In fact, scholars who articulated a powerful position in the latter discussion closely approximated the Neue Marx-Lektüre’s ‘monetary interpretation’. They held that expressing labour value in terms of labour time is impossible: the substance of value is not a measurable quantity of labour time but, rather, a social relation. Hence, it is problematic that Neue Marx-Lektüre adherents today should maintain an inaccurate contrast between their reading of Capital and that of ‘traditional Marxism’.

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Zalai, Ernö. "Eigenvalues and Labour Values: Contributions to the Quantitative Analysis of Value". Economic Systems Research 1, n.º 3 (janeiro de 1989): 403–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09535318900000026.

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Taylor, Phil, Kirsty Newsome e Al Rainnie. "‘Putting Labour in its Place’: Global Value Chains and Labour Process Analysis". Competition & Change 17, n.º 1 (fevereiro de 2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1024529412z.00000000028.

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Hammer, Nikolaus, e Réka Plugor. "Disconnecting Labour? The Labour Process in the UK Fast Fashion Value Chain". Work, Employment and Society 33, n.º 6 (30 de maio de 2019): 913–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950017019847942.

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This article focuses on the interlinkages between the labour process and global value chains. It draws on the renewed growth in UK apparel manufacturing, specifically within the fast fashion value chain, and asks how value chain requirements are translated into the labour process as well as how the latter enables quick response manufacturing. The case study shows how buyer-lead firms engender accelerated capital circuits of fast fashion which rely on an increased segmentation of manufacturers and workers, the elimination of unproductive spaces in the labour process, and a further rise in the informalisation and precarity of labour. The article demonstrates a strategic disconnection within the fast fashion value chain: upstream manufacturers are only able to satisfy lead firms’ economic and operational standards if they disconnect – informalise – labour from the latter’s ‘ethical’ standards.

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Yanagisako, Sylvia. "Reconfiguring labour value and the capital/labour relation in Italian global fashion". Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 24, S1 (13 de março de 2018): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9655.12798.

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Mooers, Colin Peter. "William Morris, Use Value and "Joyful Labour"". Socialist Studies/Études Socialistes 13, n.º 1 (25 de março de 2018): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.18740/ss27252.

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Rooke, Mike. "Marxism, Value and the Dialectic of Labour". Critique 37, n.º 2 (maio de 2009): 201–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03017600902760703.

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Beukes, C. J. "Land and labour: The value of assets". Meditari Accountancy Research 8, n.º 1 (abril de 2000): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10222529200000001.

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Hayes, Sarah. "Invisible labour". Learning and Teaching 11, n.º 1 (1 de março de 2018): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/latiss.2018.110102.

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The ‘academic orthodoxy’ (Brookfield 1986) of student engagement is questioned by Zepke, who suggests that it supports ‘a neoliberal ideology’ (2014: 698). In reply, Trowler argues that Zepke fails to explain the mechanisms linking neoliberalism to the concepts and practices of student engagement (2015: 336). In this article, I respond to the Zepke-Trowler debate with an analysis of student engagement policies that illuminates the role of discourse as one mechanism linking neoliberal values with practices of student engagement. Through a corpus-based Critical Discourse Analysis, I demonstrate a persistent and alarming omission of human labour from university policy texts. Instead, the engagements of students and staff are attributed to technology, documents and frameworks. Student engagement is discussed as a commodity to be embedded and marketed back to students in a way that yields an ‘exchange value’ (Marx 1867) for universities.

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TYAZHELNIKOVA, VICTORIA. "The value of domestic labour in Russia, 1965–1986". Continuity and Change 21, n.º 1 (maio de 2006): 159–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026841600600587x.

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This article analyses the labour activities of urban households in Russia during the period from 1965 to 1986. Labour strategies were oriented towards domestic labour and participation in subsidiary agriculture in order to compensate for the persistent shortage of food, consumer goods and services. In spite of the highest women's employment in world history, such a situation helped to preserve the traditional pattern of labour-sharing at home between family members and led to significant gender differences in the time spent on domestic labour. Towards the end of the period, the time spent by women on domestic work was shortened by the advent of home appliances, rather than by any redistribution of tasks between genders.

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Pikuła, Norbert G. "Value of Work in the Modern World". Pedagogika Rodziny 5, n.º 2 (1 de junho de 2015): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fampe-2015-0017.

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Abstract The paper focuses on the modern perspective on work and the functioning of individuals on the labour market. Advantages and disadvantages of the current changes in the labour market are discussed in the context of an individual’s life.

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Kesküla, Eeva, e Krista Loogma. "The value of and values in the work of teachers in Estonia". Work, Employment and Society 31, n.º 2 (1 de dezembro de 2016): 248–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950017016676436.

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This article considers how the status of teachers relates to a changing value system, and how the perceived worth of a profession depends on the values its practitioners carry. The article analyses the work of teachers as both productive and reproductive, needing both material and non-material recognition. It argues that in times of radical social change, social groups struggle to determine what value is. The rapid introduction of a neoliberal market economy in Estonia has created a situation where teachers’ labour becomes a site of contestation determining what values prevail in society. Based on 24 semi-structured life history interviews, this article combines theories of the value of labour, of professionalism and the anthropological theory of value to argue for the key role that teachers play during rapid change to a societal value regime.

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Jaroszewska, Joanna, e Włodzimierz Rembisz. "SOURCES OF THE DYNAMICS OF LABOR PRODUCTIVITY CHANGES IN AGRICULTURE IN EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES BASED ON ECONOMIC ACCOUNTS FOR AGRICULTURE (EAA)". Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XX, n.º 2 (7 de maio de 2018): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0011.8118.

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The purpose of this analysis is to illustrate sources of dynamics of labour productivity factor performance based on the analytical approach adopted. The dynamics of gross value added and employment in agriculture were shaped to the dynamics of labor productivity changes. Derived analytical approach to the sources of dynamics of changes in labour productivity has been illustrated empirically. The empirical analysis was based on EU ROSTAT data. Economic Accounts for Agriculture and Statistics of Agricultural Labor Inputs. The positive impact of both sources of labor productivity growth and gross value added a tendency towards greater stability for the EU -15 countries has been demonstrated, the neutral nature of direct payments for changes in labor productivity was found.

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Rodríguez Herrera, Adolfo. "Adam Smith’s concept of labour: value or measure?" Revista de Ciencias Económicas 34, n.º 2 (8 de dezembro de 2016): 152–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rce.v34i2.27195.

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Smith is considered the father of the labour theory of value developed by David Ricardo and Karl Marx and simultaneously of the cost-of-production theory of value developed by John Stuart Mill and Alfred Marshall. This polysemy is partly because Smith is developping the terminology to refer to value and measure of value, and often uses it with much imprecision. That has led to different interpretations about his position on these issues, most of them derived from an error of interpretation of Ricardo and Marx. This paper reviews the concepts developed by Smith to formulate his theory of value (value, real price and exchangeable value). Our interpretation of his texts on value does not coincide with what has traditionally been done. According to our interpretation, it would not be correct the criticism made by Ricardo and Marx on Smith’s position about the role of labour as measure of value. For these authors, Smith is not consistent in proposing that the value of a commodity is defined or measured as the amount of labour necessary to produce it and simultaneously as the amount of labour that can be purchased by this commodity. We try to show that for Smith the labour has a double role –as source and measure of value–, and that to it is due the confusion that generates his use of some terms: Smith proposes labour as a measure of value because he conceives it as a source of value. With this interpretation it becomes clear, paradoxically, that Smith holds a labour theory of value that substantially corresponds to the one later developed by Ricardo and Marx.

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Laycock, Henry. "Exploitation and Equality: Labour Power as a Non-Commodity". Canadian Journal of Philosophy Supplementary Volume 15 (1989): 375–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.1989.10716804.

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The theory of surplus value contrasts ‘pay for labour power’ (for proletarians) and ‘pay for labour services’ (for independent, self-employed ‘professionals’). Unlike labour services (living labour, living labour, i.e., work itself) but like all commodities, labour power has a specific economic value (it contains a specific amount of embodied labour) and it exchanges at this value. Unlike that of other commodities, the consumption of labour power results in the creation of more value than the commodity itself contains. Surplus value arises from the gap between the labour needed to sustain a day’s work, to keep the worker going for a day, and the labour performed in that same time. By the labour theory of value, the amount of labour needed to sustain a day’s work (necessary labour) confers one value on the means of subsistence the worker requires, and thereby on the labour power the worker sells to her employer, whereas the day’s work itself (necessary and surplus labour) confers another larger value on the product marketed by the employer.

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Fachelli, Sandra, e Eric Fernández-Toboso. "The value of university internships". Estudios sobre Educación 40 (25 de janeiro de 2021): 127–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15581/004.40.127-148.

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Universities place particular importance on their internship projects for university students. The purpose of this study is to identify if the internships have an impact on the students’ entry to the labour market. The methodology used is based on the bivariate analysis and the multiple binary logistic regression technique, using data from the 2014 Survey on the Labour Insertion of University Graduates (EILU), carried out by the INE. The sample used comprises 30,379 graduates and in the internships section, 21,622 university graduates. The results obtained confi rm that internships are a tool for job placement.

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Burns, Tony. "Marx, the labour theory of value and the transformation problem". Capital & Class 41, n.º 3 (30 de novembro de 2016): 493–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309816816678581.

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This article reconsiders what Marx says about what has come to be known as the transformation problem in Chapter IX of Capital Volume III, in the light of Marx’s claim, made in Capital Volume I, that the value of a commodity is determined by the socially necessary labour-time that goes into its production. I criticise the traditional way of thinking about the transformation problem, according to which what Marx is doing in Chapter IX is considering the transformation of values into prices (‘prices of production’). I argue that Marx’s prices of production may be thought of as modified values. The discussion in Chapter IX is usually seen as a supplement to the labour theory of value. On this view, its purpose is to explain how and why the prices of commodities sometimes deviate from their values. Against this view, this article argues that Marx’s remarks in Chapter IX can be seen as an elaboration on or development of the labour theory of value. It is a refinement of the account offered in Capital Volume I, which takes into consideration what Marx had in mind there when he introduced the notion of socially necessary as opposed to actual labour-time. The article draws attention to the importance of Marx’s distinction between the individual value of a commodity (determined by actual labour-time) and its social value (determined by socially necessary labour-time). It also draws attention to the methodological difficulties that are generated by any attempt to read Marx in this way.

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Gołaś, Zbigniew. "Przemiany i uwarunkowania wydajności pracy w rolnictwie Unii Europejskiej w latach 2005-2016". Roczniki Naukowe Ekonomii Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich 106, n.º 1 (27 de junho de 2019): 22–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/rnr.2019.106.1.2.

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The main aim of the work was to present the changes observed in the labour productivity in EU agriculture in years 2005-2016. The author proposed also the methodical decomposition of the labor productivity ratio in agriculture. Seven factors (ratios) have been taken into account in three models of labor productivity decomposition. These factors are: inputs productivity, land productivity, value added index, production taxation, production subsidies, equipment employed in agricultural land and the level of agricultural production intensity. The use of the deterministic method allowed to analyse the changes in labour productivity from the perspectives both in the EU agriculture (EU-28) and in the Polish agriculture. Performed studies seems to prove that in the years 2005-2016 the labor productivity measured by gross value added increased in case of EU-28 by average 2.13% and in the case of EU-15 only by 0.98%. At the same time, higher increase was observed in the case of EU-13 which equal to 3.45%. It may suggest that can be observe the ongoing process of the labor productivity convergence in EU agriculture. In the light of deterministic analysis, it was possible to specify the main factors contributing to the increase in labor productivity in agriculture in the EU-28 and in Poland, which are the increase in production intensity and the increase in agricultural land/labour relation. However, it should be also noted that the favorable direction of changes in labour productivity was weakened by the decreasing efficiency of production measured by the inputs productivity and the share of value added in revenues.

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Bogg, Alan. "Labour, Love and Futility: Philosophical Perspectives on Labour Law". International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 33, Issue 1 (1 de fevereiro de 2017): 7–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ijcl2017002.

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This article considers the value of a philosophical perspective in reflecting upon some central problems in labour law. Philosophy can sharpen our understanding of values, linguistic practices and social phenomena. This is as true in labour law as in any other domain of social life. Philosophical argument can advance our understanding of the ways in which labour law is coherent as a field of regulatory activity, given the special normative importance of employment as a mode of organizing work. It also identifies the special role of corrective justice in rights-based theories of labour law, repositioning corrective justice as a central concern in the theory of labour law. Finally, the article argues against forms of methodological closure that elevate the empirical over the philosophical. The intellectual strength of a legal discipline depends upon its openness to a wide range of different methodological approaches, including philosophical argument and reflection.

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Oktriani, Tuti, Ermawati Ermawati e Hafni Bachtiar. "The Difference Of Pain Labour Level With Counter Pressure And Abdominal Lifting On Primigravida In Active Phase of First Stage Labor". Journal of Midwifery 3, n.º 2 (25 de outubro de 2018): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jom.3.2.45-52.2018.

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Nowadays many methods are offered to reduce pain in labor, both pharmacological (using drugs) and non pharmacological methods. If possible the choice of non-pharmacologic therapy for the management of pain in pregnancy and labor should be considered before using analgesic drugs. One of an effective non-pharmacological method to reduce pain is with massage. The basis of this theory is the gate control theory proposed by Melzak and Wall (Lliadou, 2009).This study aimed to analyze diference of pain relief on active phase of labour with Counter Pressure and abdominal Lifting. This was an experimental with pre test and post test design. The samples were 42 women on their active phase of labor, 21 women for counter Pressure technic and 21 women for Abdominal Lifting technic. Counter Pressure technic decreased pain of labor with a P-value 0.015 (p<0.05) and abdominal lifting technic significantly decreased pain of labour with a P-value 0.001. Abdominal lifting technic (P 0,001) more effective than counter pressure technic (P 0,015) for pain relief in active phase of labour.

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Mariolis, Theodore. "A SIMPLE MEASURE OF PRICE-LABOUR VALUE DEVIATION". Metroeconomica 62, n.º 4 (1 de agosto de 2011): 605–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-999x.2011.04131.x.

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De Vivo, G. "Malthus's Theory of the 'Constant Value Of Labour'". Contributions to Political Economy 31, n.º 1 (3 de maio de 2012): 103–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cpe/bzs007.

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Noonan, Jeff. "Ecological Economics and the Life-Value of Labour". Studies in Political Economy 86, n.º 1 (setembro de 2010): 109–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19187033.2010.11675028.

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Carah, Nicholas. "Brand value: how affective labour helps create brands". Consumption Markets & Culture 17, n.º 4 (9 de outubro de 2013): 346–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10253866.2013.847435.

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Jeannot, Thomas M. "Philosophical Presuppositions of Marx's Labour Theory of Value". International Journal of Social Economics 15, n.º 1 (janeiro de 1988): 33–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb014096.

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Cockshott. "Did Marx Have a Labour Theory of Value?" World Review of Political Economy 10, n.º 1 (2019): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.13169/worlrevipoliecon.10.1.0069.

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ARAUJO, FABIO ANDERAOS DE. "Sraffa and the Labour Theory of Value: a note". Brazilian Journal of Political Economy 39, n.º 4 (dezembro de 2019): 614–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0101-31572019-2859.

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ABSTRACT The author seeks to demonstrate that the price system proposed by Piero Sraffa in his major work Production of Commodities by Means of Commodities - Prelude to a Critique of Economic Theory is compatible with both David Ricardo and Karl Marx’s labour embodied theory of value and with Adam Smith’s labour-commanded theory of value. In reality, Sraffa’s measure of prices, the Standard Commodity, satisfies rigorously the mathematical condition of invariability in relation to income distribution between wages and profits. In this sense, it offers a consistent solution to the transformation problem of embodied labour values into production prices. Besides, the Standard ratio or the maximum rate of profits R can be used to analyse the evolution of the three major types or forms of technical progress in a capitalist economy, as follows: labour-using, neutral and capital-using techniques.

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Taj, Nadia, Rahat Akhtar, Sumera Mehnaz e Aamir Furqan. "INDUCTION OF LABOUR;". Professional Medical Journal 24, n.º 04 (6 de abril de 2017): 522–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2017.24.04.1530.

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Objectives: To compare maternal outcome in planned induction of laborversus expectant management in pregnancy induced hypertension between 36 to 40 weeks ofgestation. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Obstetrics and Gynecology UnitII of Nishter Hospital Multan. Period: January 2016 to July 2016. Materials and Methods: Onehundred and thirty six (136) women with diagnosis of mild pregnancy induced hypertension,having gestational age 36 to 40 weeks were selected for this study. The selected patients wereallocated randomly into two equal groups i.e. Group A (Induction group) & Group B (Expectantgroup). The primary outcomes of this study were rate of cesarean section delivery anddevelopment of severe pre-eclampsia. Independent sample t-test was used to compare agebetween the groups. Chi-square test was used to compare age groups and study endpointsbetween the groups. Results: Mean gestational age at the time of delivery was 38.3 ± 0.75weeks for group A and 39.2 ± 0.55 weeks for group B (P-value >0.05). Mode of delivery was 52(76.47%) patients by vaginal and 16 (23.53%) by caesarean section in group A. While in groupB, out of 68 deliveries, 40 (58.82%) patients delivered by vaginal and 28 (41.18%) by caesareansection (p-value <0.05). Regarding maternal outcomes, severe pre-eclampsia occurred in 05(7.35%) women of group A while in group B, it was noted 15 (22.05%) women (p-value<0.05).The final outcome was considered satisfactory in 76.47% patients in Induction group regardingvaginal delivery and severe pre-eclampsia while in Expectant group satisfactory outcomes wereachieved in only 23.53% women (p-value <0.05). Conclusion: Induction of labour is associatedwith improved maternal outcome in terms of caesarean section and pre-eclampsia in womenwith mild PIH beyond 36 weeks of gestation as compared to the expectant management.

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Murray, Patrick. "Marx's ‘Truly Social’ Labour Theory of Value: Part II, How Is Labour that Is Under the Sway of Capital Actually Abstract?" Historical Materialism 7, n.º 1 (2000): 99–136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156920600100414650.

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AbstractIn the first part of this two-part article, I argued that, unlike the asocial classical (Ricardian) labour theory of value, Marx's labour theory of value is a ‘truly social’ one. In fact, it is a purely social one. Marx's theory of value is nothing but his theory of the social forms distinctive of the capitalist mode of production. Thus, we may speak of those forms as value-forms, the (generalised) commodity, money (in its several forms), capital, wage-labour, surplus-value and its forms of appearance (profit, interest, and rent), and more. The labour that produces value, then, is labour of a peculiar social sort. This thought is entirely foreign to the classical labour theory of value, and, likewise, to Marxist accounts of value theory that mistake it for a radical version of Ricardian value theory. The gulf between the classical and the Marxian labour theories of value is wide.

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LUCAS, GUSTAVO DAOU, e FRANKLIN SERRANO. "Understanding and overcoming the “positive profits with negative surplus-value” paradox". Brazilian Journal of Political Economy 37, n.º 3 (julho de 2017): 587–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0101-31572017v37n03a07.

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ABSTRACT This paper explains the “positive profits with negative surplus-value” example of Steedman (1975) and shows that while in joint production systems individual labour values can be negative, the claim that the total labour embodied in the surplus product of the economy (surplus-value) can also be negative is based on assumptions that have no economic meaning (such as negative activity levels).The paper also provides a way to measure the surplus-value of joint production systems which overcomes the problems of the traditional concept and restates the proposition that a positive amount of surplus labour is a necessary condition for positive profits.

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Afzal, Munawar, Uzma Asif e Bushra Miraj. "INDUCTION OF LABOUR". Professional Medical Journal 22, n.º 04 (10 de abril de 2015): 385–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2015.22.04.1312.

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It is now widely accepted that trial for vaginal delivery should be attempted unlessa genuine indication exists for C- section. Objective: To determine the efficacy of membranesweeping for onset of labor till 41 weeks of gestation and mode of delivery in patients withprevious one cesarean section (C-Section). Study Design: Randomized control trial. Setting:Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Benazir Bhutto hospital, Rawalpindi. Period: Jan2008 to Dec 2008. Methods: Pregnant women with previous one C- section were randomlyallocated to Group-A (sweeping of membrane) and Group-B (no intervention) each having 55patients. There was no absolute indication of cesarean section in present pregnancy. Aftercomplete antenatal examination, tests like CBC, urine DR, BSR, urea, creatitnine, screening forhepatitis B and C were done. In group A, digital sweeping of fetal membranes was started a37 weeks and was done every 3rd day till she went into the labor or she reached 41 weeks. At41 weeks of gestation, if she did not go into labor, induction with prostaglandin or elective Csectionwas done depending upon the bishop score. In group B, patients awaited spontaneousonset of labor till 41 weeks. After 41 weeks induction with prostaglandin or elective C- cesareansection was done. Results: In Group A, 43 (78.18%) patients had onset of labour aftersweeping of membranes while 12 (21.82%) patients had no onset of labour. In Group-B, 28patients (50.90%) had spontaneous onset of labor while 27 (49.10%) had no onset of labours.In Group-A, 34 (61.82%) patients and in Group-B only 14 (25.45%) were delivered vaginally (pValue 0.001). In Group-A, lower segment cesarean section was done in 6 (10.91%) patientswhile in Group-B, 23 (41.82%) had cesarean section (p Value 0.001). Assisted vaginal deliverywas done in 15 (27.27%) in Group-A while 18 (32.73%) patients in Group-B had assistedvaginal delivery (p Value 0.533). Conclusions: In patients with previous one cesarean section,the efficacy of membrane sweeping in terms of onset of labor and normal vaginal delivery issignificantly higher as compared to patients who had no sweeping of membranes.

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Parys, Wilfried. "Labour values and energy values: some developments on the common substance of value since 1867". European Journal of the History of Economic Thought 25, n.º 5 (3 de setembro de 2018): 1052–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09672567.2018.1523939.

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Mrówczyńska-Kamińska, Aldona, e Agnieszka Baer-Nawrocka. "CHANGES IN LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY IN THE AGRIBUSINESS IN EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES". Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Oeconomia 17, n.º 1 (30 de março de 2018): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/aspe.2018.17.1.10.

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The main aim of the paper is to identify the changes in labour productivity in the agribusiness and to define its relationship to labour productivity in the entire national economy of the EU countries. Labour productivity is expressed as gross value added per employee in agribusiness as a whole and its three zones (I – industries manufacturing means of production and services for agriculture and the food industry, II – agriculture, III – food industry). The analysis concerns selected years from 1995 to 2010, which are the most recent available data. The gross value added in agribusiness were calculated by means of the formula suggested by Woś in 1979. As it results from the analyses, despite favorable changes, the productivity of labour in the agribusiness in the new EU Member States remains at a lower level than in most of the EU-15 countries. The main reason behind the differences in the levels of agribusiness labour productivity is a surplus of the labor force in the agriculture in the most EU-12 countries. Moreover, the EU-15 countries especially from Western and Northern Europe demonstrate smaller differences between the labour productivity in agribusiness and other sectors of the national economy.

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Kureková, Lucia Mýtna, e Zuzana Žilinčíková. "What is the value of foreign work experience for young return migrants?" International Journal of Manpower 39, n.º 1 (3 de abril de 2018): 71–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-04-2016-0091.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand the value of foreign work experience for young migrants after their return to the home country labour market and their labour market preferences relative to stayers. Design/methodology/approach The authors analyse the labour market integration patterns of young return migrants in Slovakia. After reconstructing the life histories of young people from online CVs, a set of regression models investigates the attractiveness, salary expectations and positions of interest to returnees in comparison to stayers. Findings Post-accession foreign work experience increases the attractiveness of job candidates. Foreign work experience changes the expectations of returnees with respect to wages and widens their perspective on the location of future work. In the underperforming labour market, migration experience signals to employers a set of skills that differentiate young returnees from young stayers in a positive way. Research limitations/implications While the web data are not representative, it allows the authors to study return migration from a perspective that large representative data sets do not allow. Social implications Foreign work experience is, in general, an asset for (re)integration into the home labour market, but the higher salary demands of returnees might hinder the process in a less-skilled segment of the labour market. Originality/value Return migration is a relatively underresearched area, and knowledge about the perception of returnees among employers and the labour market preferences of returnees is relatively limited. Another contribution lies in the use of online data to analyse return migration from the perspective of both labour demand and supply.

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Knafo, Samuel. "Political Marxism and Value Theory: Bridging the Gap between Theory and History". Historical Materialism 15, n.º 2 (2007): 75–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156920607x192084.

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AbstractThis article proposes a reading of value theory firmly entrenched in the historicist framework of political Marxism; one which gives precedence to social relations and historical development over abstract logic and formal models. It argues that Marx's theory of value can be read as elucidating how social norms are being unwittingly created under capitalism by contrast with precapitalist societies. The article is divided into two sections. The first examines the two main ways in which value is considered within Marxism and highlights the problems that can emerge when taking into account the issue of the specificity of capitalism. The second section offers an alternative formulation of value theory grounded in the notion of alienation. This leads to the conclusion that the idea that value is shaped by labour refers to a political fact about decisions concerning the organisation of the labour process, rather than an economic fact about the expenditure of labour in the process of production. Value reflects the class struggles over the labour process and the norms that govern social life, rather than an embodied quantity of socially necessary labour-time expended within the labour process.

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Wright, Ian. "Sobre os valores-trabalho não standard, o problema da transformação em Marx e o problema de uma medida invariável do valor em Ricardo". Boletim de Ciências Económicas 52 (2009): 77–141. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/0870-4260_52_4.

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Rasheed, Mohd, e Ajay K. Srivastava. "Labour admission test: a screening test for foetal distress in labour". International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, n.º 2 (31 de janeiro de 2017): 452. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20170090.

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Background: Labour is a very short period in the life of a foetus but poses the maximum threat. Improvements in medical technology have made it possible to monitor fetal well-being during labour. The introduction of labour admission test has proven to be of benefit in identifying patients at risk for developing distress and implementing timely intervention.Methods: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the same. This was a prospective study done on 500 patients above 37 weeks of gestation in cephalic presentation. EFM was done using oxford sonicaid 8002 CTG machine and Gem premier 3000 (model no 5700) arterial blood gas analyzer machine was used for determining the pH of fetal blood.Results: Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 15.0 statistical analysis software. p value <0.001 was considered highly significant. Results revealed that a total of 105 (80.77%) babies had fetal distress in category II and III out of 135, whereas only 30 (8.11%) were distressed in category I out of 370. Test had a sensitivity of 77.7% and specificity of 93.15% with a positive predictive value of 80.7% and a negative predictive value of 91.89%.Conclusions: It has become evident that combined use of CTG with cord blood pH is more accurate way of predicting and diagnosing birth asphyxia.

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Samuels, Warren J. "On the Labour Theory of Value as a Theory of Value: a note". Review of Political Economy 10, n.º 2 (abril de 1998): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09538259800000026.

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Batubara, Bosman. "Swyngedouw’s puzzle: Surplus-value production in socionature". Human Geography 14, n.º 2 (11 de maio de 2021): 292–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/19427786211012663.

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This article engages with Swyngedouw’s puzzle, that is, how is surplus-value production under capitalism conceptualised given the entanglement of humans and non-human entities. It identifies how Swyngedouw’s socionature – a concept/way to express the oneness of human and non-human under capitalism – posed a critique to the tendency of labour-centred analysis in Marxist thought such as Neil Smith’s concept of ‘production of nature’ but did not engage with how surplus-value is produced. This article makes visible the role of non-wage-labour in surplus-value production through reference to Moore’s concept of value-relations and oikeios.

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Devine, James. "What is ‘simple labour’? A re-examination of the value-creating capacity of skilled labour". Capital & Class 13, n.º 3 (novembro de 1989): 113–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030981688903900105.

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