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Marshall, Colin. "The K-Town Dream". Boom 5, n.º 1 (2015): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/boom.2015.5.1.14.
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The author, a resident of Los Angeles's Koreatown, travels to Seoul in order to compare the Korean culture where he lives with the culture of South Korea's capital. There he finds that, while he has spent years in Koreatown dreaming of the Korea he would one day experience, South Koreans have developed their own California dreams, which manifest in the clothes, advertisements, and businesses seen all around Seoul, as well as in the conversations he has with Koreans. Even the establishments in Korea’s forward-looking capital city that preserve the Korean past, such as a 1970s-themed music bar, present their own versions of the Californian dream.
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Malgazhdarova, A. M. "Политика Республики Корея в отношении «зарубежных соотечественников» (на примере Корё Сарам)". BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University.Political Science. Regional Studies. Oriental Studies. Turkology Series. 138, n.º 1 (2022): 176–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-6887/2022-138-1-176-188.
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South Korea has been actively engaging with «overseas Koreans» since the 1990s. Diaspora policy is part of the country’s foreign policy and is managed by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, which has a coordinating committee, and the Overseas Koreans Foundation, which implements the policy. Relations with the Korean diaspora are regulated by the «Overseas Koreans Act» and the «Overseas Koreans Foundation Act».They define the policy’s purpose and the legal status of overseas Korean. It is defined by the concept of «overseas Korean - chaeoedongp’o» which includes South Koreans living abroad as well as the Korean diaspora. This article examines the diaspora policy of the Republic of Korea towards the Koryo Saram - Koreans of the CIS countries. The focus is on their legal status. An analysis of the legal framework shows that, until 2004, the Koryo Saram, like Koreans living in China, were not legally recognized as overseas Koreans. The situation changed in 2004 when the definition of overseas Koreans was modified. South Korea’s diaspora policy towards CIS Koreans is being developed through the Koryo Saram Support Programme. Subsequently, in 2010, the Koryo Saram Act was passed, and in 2019 another change in the regulations takes place, according to which all generations of Koryo Saram descendants begin to be considered foreign Koreans, not just up to the 3rd generation as previously claimed.
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Lim, Timothy C., e Changzoo Song. "Ideas, Discourse, and the Microfoundations of South Korea’s Diasporic Engagement: Explaining the Institutional Embrace of Ethnic Koreans Since the 1990s". International Journal of Korean History 26, n.º 2 (31 de agosto de 2021): 41–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22372/ijkh.2021.26.2.41.
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This article endeavors to explain South Korea’s institutional turn to “diaspora engagement,” which began in earnest in the late 1990s. This shift can easily be attributed to instrumentalist calculations on the part of the South Korean state, i.e., as an effort to “tap into” or exploit the human and capital resources of ethnic Koreans living outside of the country. But instrumental calculations and interests, while significant and clearly proximate, were not the only nor necessarily the most important (causal) factors at play. Using a discursive institutional and microfoundational approach, we argue that underlying the institutional shift to diaspora engagement, was both an intentional and unintentional reframing of the Korean diaspora as “brethren” and “national assets,” a powerful discursive combination. This reframing did not come about automatically but was instead pushed forward by sentient or discursive agents, including Chŏng Chu-yŏng (the founder of Hyundai) and Yi Kwang-gyu, who was a Seoul National University professor and later the third president of the Overseas Koreans Foundation. Journalists, religious leaders and other activists within South Korea’s NGO community, as well as ethnic Koreans themselves, also played key roles as discursive agents in this reframing process. Central to our discursive institutional and microfoundational approach is the assertion that ideas and discourse were key causal factors in the institutional shift to South Korea’s engagement with the Korean diaspora.
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Lim 林宗台, Jongtae. "Joseph Needham in Korea, and Korea’s Position in the History of East Asian Science". East Asian Science, Technology and Society 14, n.º 2 (27 de abril de 2020): 393–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/18752160-8539397.
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Abstract As they were in other East Asian countries, Joseph Needham and his monumental works were warmly received by Korean historians of science in the late twentieth century. Korean historians appreciated both Needham’s pioneering research on the history of Chinese science and his praise of Korea’s contribution to East Asian scientific tradition, as expressed, for example, in the addenda to volume 3 of Science and Civilisation in China. But the Koreans’ praise of Needham was not unqualified. Needham’s largely favorable remarks on Korean science invited criticism from several prominent Korean historians who noted many factual errors, particularly relating to Korea’s priority over China in several technological inventions. They regarded those errors as indicative of Needham’s deep-rooted historiographical bias, his view of Korea as a mere tributary of China’s scientific tradition. But the Koreans’ criticism of Needham ironically shows that they agreed with the central tenets of Needham’s methodology of crediting scientific achievements to different civilizations, whereby to measure China’s contribution to what Needham termed “universal modern science.” The Koreans only scaled down the scope of comparison from the world of civilizations to a smaller region called East Asia, whereby to compare Korea’s share with that of China. This article thus takes the Korean criticism of Needham as an illuminating case, which invites us to think over a less explored issue in the history of East Asian science: how to write a balanced history of science in a region that is characterized by a stark disparity in power, resources, and achievements between China and its smaller neighbors.
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Lee, Hye-Kyung. "The Korean Diaspora and its Impact on Korea's Development". Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 14, n.º 1-2 (março de 2005): 149–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719680501400108.
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This paper reviews the history of the Korean diaspora and the emigration of Koreans in different periods and attempts to demonstrate how the Korean diaspora has contributed to the country's development. As of 2003, the overseas Korean population was estimated at 6.1 million distributed in 173 countries. Up until the 1970s, emigration patterns from South Korea corresponded with the country's low level of development. From the 1970s, migration patterns had been more closely associated with development processes. The organized labor export undertaken by Korean labor companies in the 1970s facilitated monetary and trade gains. The contributions of overseas Korean communities and thriving businesses of Korean immigrants to the country's trade, investments and transfer of knowledge and skills provide an alternative view to concerns about brain drain that were much-discussed in the 1960s. Korea's transformation from a labor exporting country to a labor importing one in the late 1980s has had mixed results. On the one hand, it has led to the influx of ethnic Koreans from China, who provide cheap labor. On the other hand, unemployed Koreans, especially highly educated young people, are turning to overseas employment as an option. The Korean diaspora will continue to play important roles in the future development of Korea.
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Lee, Jiyoung, e Yunjung Choi. "Hasty discussion, cross-cutting exposure, and tolerance: A comparative study of South Korean and American online discussants". International Communication Gazette 80, n.º 6 (30 de janeiro de 2018): 570–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748048518754376.
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The positive relationship between cross-cutting exposure and tolerance has long been a topic in the political communication field. By reinvestigating this issue, this study further explores whether hasty discussion moderates the relationship from a cross-cultural perspective by comparing South Korea with the United States. The authors posit that hasty discussion—a term that was coined to explain South Korean’s fast lifestyle as reflected in discussion processes—is a South Korean characteristic that can have deleterious effects on deliberative democracy. Nine hundred and sixty survey participants (480 South Koreans and 480 Americans) showed meaningful results: (1) Hasty discussion comprises two factors (ignoring discussion processes and pursuing discussion efficiency). (2) Americans are exposed to more cross-cutting opinions than South Koreans, but the positive relationship between cross-cutting exposure and tolerance is more significant in the South Korean sample. (3) In the South Korean sample, ignoring discussion processes negatively affected tolerance. (4) An interaction effect of ignoring discussion processes and cross-cutting exposure on tolerance was found among South Koreans. That is, ignoring the discussion process lowered tolerance.
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Pratidina, Regina Galuh Prameswari, e Agus Subiyanto. "The Characteristics of Korean Artists in Pronouncing English Words on Korean Reality Shows: A Generative Phonology Perspective". Rainbow : Journal of Literature, Linguistics and Culture Studies 13, n.º 1 (30 de abril de 2024): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/rainbow.v13i1.1270.
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South Korea's cultural industry, known as the "Korean Wave" (Hallyu), has gained international popularity, particularly among younger generations, with its media attracting global attention. Prior studies have extensively investigated the pronunciation of English words by Koreans, although these studies have not yet approached it from a phonological perspective. This study seeks to examine the pronunciation of English by Korean artists, considering the widespread acquisition of English for many purposes globally. It aims to identify common errors made by native Korean speakers in their English pronunciation and its reasons, specifically from a phonological standpoint. Qualitative analysis was conducted on data acquired from YouTube. The findings indicate that Koreans encounter difficulties with some English phonemes due to limited exposure. In phonological perspective, errors commonly seen in Korean include phoneme substitution, assimilation, vowelization, epenthesis, monophthongization, and diphthongization, with the highest number of epenthesis. These errors can be classified according to phonological processes, specifically, those linked to the place and manner of articulation, where sounds are produced whether or not obstruents are involved. In addition, Koreans tend to enhance plosive sounds with tension and aspiration. These findings enhance comprehension of linguistic discrepancies and can bolster language education endeavors.
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Kim, Yoon Shin. "Marriage pattern of the Korean population in Japan". Journal of Biosocial Science 17, n.º 4 (outubro de 1985): 445–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000015959.
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SummaryThe trends of intermarriage, and the attitude to it, of Koreans in Japan were examined. About 47% of total marriages of Koreans during the period 1965–79 comprised a husband and wife of different nationality. The proportion of Korean–Japanese marriages was higher than that of Korean–Korean marriages in recent years. Attitudes of Koreans in Japan are likely to favour intermarriage with Japanese. The results suggest that mixed marriages of Koreans and Japanese will continue to increase and may influence the future fertility of Koreans in Japan.
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Kim-Renaud, Young-Key. "Mixed Script and Literacy in Korea". Korean Linguistics 12 (1 de janeiro de 2004): 161–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/kl.12.07ykk.
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Abstract. Today, Chinese characters (hanca) and Chinese-based Korean vocabulary (hancae or Sino-Korean) are either embraced or rejected as part of Korean identity. For more than a millennium, Koreans internalized Chinese belles lettres, making Chinese high culture a guiding light for gentlemen. Many Koreans today resent attitudes of satay ('serve the great') or mohwa ('adulate China'). However, others find this cynical self-image distorted or misguided. While the debate about mixed writing continues, the language will take its natural course. Since the "hankul only" policy was adopted in both Koreas, the need for continued use of Chinese has been felt, and policies have fluctuated. Nevertheless, Chinese � slowly coming to be seen as heavy, unclear, and perfunctory � is being abandoned. Hankul is there to stay, although it must keep "reforming" to trace language change. In today's global age, most South Koreans are no longer obsessed with independence. Mixed script with English or other European languages and logography in cyber writing may denote a contemporary educated people, despite strident voices from purists. Such mixed script constitutes an interesting new development in the Korean writing tradition. Whatever may evolve in both spoken and written Korean will be an important manifestation of national identity.
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Strnad, William. "ON SHADOW AND FORM: KOREAN NATIONALISM’S DIGRAPHIC CONFLICT". International Journal of Korean Humanities and Social Sciences 2 (1 de novembro de 2016): 87–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/kr.2016.02.06.
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This paper is an examination of the many points of intersection between Korean nationalism in both Koreas, and Chinese characters (Hanja), as well as a contextualization of the historical and, at times, antithetical relationship or binary consisting of Hanja and Han’gŭl (Chosŏn’gŭl). Emerging from liberation the two Korean states over the next several decades would “engage” Hanja with diverse and fluctuating positions and approaches at different times. These responses have ranged from the abolition of Hanja or the enforcement of Han’gŭl (Chosŏn’gŭl) exclusivity, to the re-establishment and strengthening of Hanja education. Koreans for over a century have responded to “issues of script” based on socially-created narratives. This phenomenon can be viewed through constructivist paradigms, or can be interpreted as implemented pragmatic policies exemplifying instrumentalist nationalism. This paper’s assertion is that Korea’s vacillating response regarding Korean nationalism’s digraphic conflict is eloquent of the complex confluences that formed Korean ethnic nationalism, and therefore, Korean national identity.
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Lee, Kathy, Sunyoung Choi e Jee Won Min. "Discursive strategies of othering: North Korean youth on a South Korean television show". Text & Talk 39, n.º 6 (26 de novembro de 2019): 725–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/text-2019-0236.
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Abstract As the number of South Koreans, especially those in their 20s and 30s, in favor of unification with North Korea decreases, it is not surprising that younger generations feel a lack of closeness or familiarity with North Korean refugees in South Korea. Targeting South Korean adolescents’ ambivalence toward unification and North Korean refugees is a talk show called Great Friends. Moderated by a South Korean host, Great Friends presents the experiences of a group of North Korean and South Korean youth. Given the current social climate surrounding North Korean refugees in South Korea, this study investigates how North Korean youth on this program are discursively constructed over the course of 17 episodes aired in 2015. Considering the unequal power relations between the host country and refugees, this study applies critical discourse analysis (CDA) to interpret how North Korean adolescents are presented to a South Korean audience. The analysis reveals the ‘othering’ of North Koreans through discourses of difference. Despite presenting North Koreans as friends to South Koreans, these discursive constructions create a dichotomy by positioning North Koreans as inferior to their southern counterparts. The findings contribute to rethinking how authorities promote the integration of North Koreans in South Korea.
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Kim, Jung-Hyun. "The Future-Oriented Relationship between the Territorial Clause and the Unification Clause in the Constitution". Unification and North Korean Law Studies 30 (31 de dezembro de 2023): 229–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31999/sonkl.2023.30.229.
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Under the Constitution, it is reasonable to take an approach based on the interpretation of norms rather than interpreting the relationship between territorial clauses and peaceful unification clauses as contradictory. And take a different approach depending on the case. In terms of the nationality of North Koreans, the territorial clause should be considered superior, and in terms of issues related to inter-Korean cooperation, the clause on peaceful unification should be considered a priority. If the actual normality of the territorial clause is recognized in relation to the legal status of North Koreans, the South Korean nationality of North Koreans can be recognized, so their human rights can be protected as soon as possible. On the other hand, if the two Koreas emphasize only the realistic normality of territorial clauses in their railway exchange projects, there may be limitations in actively coping with changing inter-Korean relations. Therefore, in order to achieve unification by the peaceful unification policy stipulated by the law, it is reasonable to recognize the validity of the two provisions in a timely manner according to the circumstances through the harmonized interpretation of norms of the two clauses.
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Kim, Bumsoo. "Are North Korean Compatriots “Korean”? The Trifurcation of Ethnic Nationalism in South Korea during the Syngman Rhee Era (1948–60)". Journal of Korean Studies 24, n.º 1 (1 de março de 2019): 149–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/21581665-7258094.
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Abstract Focusing on the question of whether South Koreans’ notion of “we, the people of Korea” (uri taehan kungmin) included North Korean compatriots or not, this study examines the trifurcation of ethnic nationalism in South Korea during the Syngman Rhee era (1948–1960). Specifically, by analyzing columns and editorials of three Korean newspapers, Chosŏn ilbo, Tonga ilbo, and Kyŏnghyang sinmun, this study reveals that, following the division of Korea (1948), Korean nationalism trifurcated, at least in South Korea, into three different but closely related versions, each of which did not deny that historically all Koreans belonged to the same nation, but defined “we, the people of Korea” differently: (1) tanil minjok (one nation) nationalism, which included not only South Koreans but also North Korean compatriots in “we, the people of Korea”; (2) anticommunist nationalism, which included South Koreans and “patriotic compatriots” of North Korea in “we, the people of Korea” while excluding North Korean “commies”; and (3) Taehan Min’guk (the great ROK) nationalism, which identified only South Koreans as “we, the people of Korea.” In doing so, this study suggests that, as the division of Korea solidified after the Korean War, South Koreans began to “imagine” themselves as a different national community, separated from North Korean compatriots.
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SCHWEKENDIEK, DANIEL. "BIOSOCIAL COMPARISON OF MID-UPPER ARM CIRCUMFERENCE IN THE TWO KOREAS". Journal of Biosocial Science 45, n.º 5 (2 de janeiro de 2013): 615–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932012000776.
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SummaryAnthropometric differences between the two Koreas are of considerable public and scientific interest given the unique socio-political status of North Korea and the fact that the nations share the same genetic ancestry. This study provides new biosocial evidence on these differences by analysing mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) as a human welfare indicator. This is the first study to compare the nutritional status of adults surveyed inside North Korea with South Koreans. The MUAC measurements of 2793 North Korean women obtained through a household survey conducted in 2002 were compared with those of 1428 South Korean women surveyed around 2003. Comparative analysis was conducted by plotting centiles and calculating mean differences in MUAC by age. This paper finds that the MUAC of the South Koreans was on average 2.8 cm greater than that of their North Korean peers, with MUAC gaps ranging from 1.6 cm to 3.9 cm and becoming more pronounced with age. This research confirms previous studies on height and weight in the two Germanies and in the two Koreas that have shown that biosocial performance is worse in socialist economies as compared with free-market regimes.
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Sablin, Ivan, e Alexander Kuchinsky. "Making the Korean nation in the Russian Far East, 1863–1926". Nationalities Papers 45, n.º 5 (setembro de 2017): 798–814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905992.2017.1308347.
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Exploring the history of Koreans in the Russian Far East from the perspective of New Imperial History, the article demonstrates that political activism of Koreans and policies of the Russian (Soviet), Korean, and Japanese governments resulted in consolidation of two visions of their future. The first vision implied unity between the Koreans living in the Russian Far East with those who stayed in Korea, moved to Japan, or emigrated elsewhere and corresponded to the agenda of building a Korean nation. The second vision implied that the bilingual or Russified Koreans aspired to stay in the Russian Far East permanently, ensuring their own livelihood in the new regional frontier. The two currents interlaced in the project of Korean autonomy in a post-imperial state, first the Far Eastern Republic and later the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics. The project involved inclusion of Koreans into the global spread of revolution through the Communist International and left open the issue of the duration of Korean presence in the Russian Far East. Its ultimate failure in 1926 left the Koreans partly excluded from the Soviet system without the institutional benefits of national autonomy.
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Gu, Gyoungmo. "Current Status of Koreans in Paraguay and Types of Acculturation". Korean Society of Culture and Convergence 45, n.º 2 (28 de fevereiro de 2023): 511–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33645/cnc.2023.02.45.02.511.
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This study utilized Declan Berry's acculturation type to analyze the cultural identity of Koreans in Paraguay, a major Korean residential area in Latin America. As a result of the survey, among the four scales of assimilation, separation, integration, and marginalization, Koreans showed strong tendencies toward integration and separation. The strong tendency of integration and separation can be attributed to the attitude of actively accepting the local culture while maintaining the culture of the home country. This seems to be related to the transitional situation in which the number of first-generation Koreans and second and third-generation Koreans are similar. In addition, the fact that Korean schools(Colegio Coreano del Paraguay) serve as a window for the next generation of Koreans to learn the Korean language and related culture can be seen as a factor in maintaining the culture of the homeland.
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Yu, K. Kale. "Korea's Confucian Culture of Learning as a Gateway to Christianity: Protestant Missions in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries". Studies in World Christianity 22, n.º 1 (abril de 2016): 37–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/swc.2016.0136.
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As Protestant missionaries landed on Korean shores in the late nineteenth century, a great deal of effort went into creating a Christian identity using literacy and literature as cornerstones of missional strategy that would become the benchmark of the Christian experience for Koreans. The relationship between the Protestant missions' emphasis on reading and Korea's Confucian culture of learning is of particular importance for an understanding of the growth of Christianity in Korea because Christianity's close association with literacy and sacred writings energised the Confucian imagination of Korean culture. Perceiving the reading of Christian literature, including the bible, as a salient way to salvation, Koreans turned to reading and memorising the scriptures to experience the manifestation of God's revelation. The high respect afforded to education and learning as a dominant cultural value constitutes an important, if overlooked, element in the replication of faith in Korean society that reproduced the gospel under their own familiar terms.
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Filatov, Sergei B. "The Triumph of Korean Christianity in Russian Federation". Oriental Courier, n.º 2 (2024): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s268684310031316-5.
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At the end of the 19th century, Protestant churches arose in Korea (the most numerous and influential are Presbyterians and Methodists) and their numbers and influence grew explosively. Protestantism has played an important role in the modernization of South Korea. The mythologeme has been established in the minds of Koreans that they are a chosen people who are destined to convert all mankind to Christ. In 19th century Korean Protestants sent missionaries to many countries, including Russia. In 1909, missionary activity began among the Koreans of Primorye. Despite the resistance of Archbishop Eusebius of Vladivostok and Kamchatka, the missionaries converted a significant number of Koreans living in Primorye to Protestantism. In the 20s and 30s, the Soviet authorities destroyed the Protestant churches of the Far East, and the Koreans were deported to Central Asia in 1937. During the years of Perestroika, tens of thousands of Koreans returned to Primorye, and South Korean missionaries revived Protestant churches among them. Korean churches began to play a prominent role in religious, cultural life and social ministry. Their role in inter-church cooperation is significant. They themselves began to send missionaries to Central Asia. In the post-Perestroika period, Russian Koreans had mutual misunderstandings and conflicts with missionaries from South Korea, because Russian Koreans were strongly assimilated into Russian culture. This ensured their success in missionary work among Russians. The missionaries left Primorye and the churches became completely independent. Now more than 50 % of the parishioners of Korean churches are Russians, and the churches themselves are losing ethnic Korean features.
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McPhail, Sean A. "South Korea's Linguistic Tangle: English vs. Korean vs. Konglish". English Today 34, n.º 1 (7 de agosto de 2017): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078417000244.
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Konglish is a blend of Korean and English found throughout South Korea, and often suffers for lack of prestige amongst Koreans. The primary aim of this article is to determine the reasons behind Konglish's low social status in Korea. I begin my investigation by exploring Korean public space as linguistic space, and examining in what social and cultural capacities Koreans use English, Mandarin, Korean, and Konglish. I then shift in part II to discuss perceptions of Korean and English inside Korea. Having analysed Koreans’ attitudes towards Konglish's parent languages, I discuss in part III why Konglish struggles for social legitimacy, despite its ubiquity. In the course of this investigation it will become clear that Koreans often deride Konglish for its ease of use. Because one absorbs it organically through cultural exposure rather than hours of study and millions of won in tuition fees, Konglish accords none of the prestige that comes with Standard English; meanwhile, Konglish's mixed nature means not only that it cannot benefit from the national pride Koreans associate with ‘pure’ Korean, but also that this pride harms Konglish's reception throughout the country.
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Chang, Edward T., e Hannah Brown. "Pachappa Camp". California History 95, n.º 3 (2018): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ch.2018.95.3.46.
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Ahn Chang Ho (also known by his pen name, Dosan) moved to Riverside, California, in March 1904 and soon established the first Koreatown on the U.S. mainland, known as Dosan's Republic or Pachappa Camp. Dosan helped found a local employment agency and negotiated relations with citrus farmers to find work for Koreans who lived in the community. With steady work available, Riverside became a popular destination for Korean immigrants and was thus an ideal location for the Gongnip Hyeophoe, or Cooperative Association, which Dosan created to foster a sense of community. The Gongnip Hyeophoe later expanded to Korean settlements throughout California and eventually developed into the Korean National Association, which proved especially significant in organizing immigrants to fight for Korea's independence in the wake of Japanese colonization in 1910. Pachappa Camp helped anchor its residents’ identity and supported Koreans’ struggles to support themselves and to fight for Korean sovereignty. The experiences of the Koreans in Pachappa Camp reflected not only exceptional moments in Korean American history, as the first Koreatown in the United States and one of the seats of the independence movement, but also the ubiquitous experiences that typified immigrant lives in the United States. The City of Riverside erected a statue of Ahn Chang Ho in 2001, and designated the original site of the camp as a “Point of Cultural Interest” in 2017, to honor Dosan and to teach about his legacy and connection to Riverside. Because the historic Koreatown no longer exists, the designation and statue stand as the only remembrances of this pioneering community.
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Kim, Seong-Ah, e Hyeyoung Kim. "A Study on the Importance, Attitude, and Intention of Use of Korean Food Education Content Based on Virtual Reality". Foodservice Management Society of Korea 26, n.º 5 (31 de outubro de 2023): 73–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.47584/jfm.2023.26.5.73.
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This study investigated the importance, consumer attitude, and intention to use VR-based Korean food education contents of Koreans in their 20s and 50s with Korean food experience. Through this, we identified differences in perceptions of importance between Koreans and foreigners and identified areas that should be considered first in the development of educational content. As a result of the analysis, five questions about VR-based Korean food education contents recognized that Koreans were more important than foreigners. The average value of each item was high at around 4 points, indicating that Koreans had the highest figure in “fine simulation”, foreigners had the highest figure in “convenience”, and attitudes had a statistically significant positive (+) effect on the intention to use. Based on the results of this study, I would like to suggest the necessity and direction of developing Korean food education contents based on virtual reality.
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Shen, Zhihua, e Yafeng Xia. "Chinese–North Korean Relations and China's Policy toward Korean Cross-Border Migration, 1950–1962". Journal of Cold War Studies 16, n.º 4 (outubro de 2014): 133–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_00518.
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Making use of Chinese Foreign Ministry archives and provincial and municipal archives, this article traces the history of cross-border migration of ethnic Koreans from 1950 to 1962, especially the illegal migration of ethnic Koreans to North Korea (DPRK) in 1961. A historical examination of Koreans in northeast China demonstrates that the Chinese Communist Party attempted to achieve a workable policy toward Korean border crossers as well as a disposition to accommodate the DPRK's concerns and imperatives in defining nationality, handling cases of Sino-Korean marriages and exit procedures for ethnic Koreans, receiving Korean nationals to visit China, and dealing with cases of illegal border crossings. To this end, the Chinese authorities were pursuing larger Cold War interests, specifically the desire to keep the DPRK aligned with China during the Sino-Soviet split.
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Hyun, Jaehwan. "Racializing Chōsenjin: Science and Biological Speculations in Colonial Korea". East Asian Science, Technology and Society 13, n.º 4 (11 de outubro de 2019): 489–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/18752160-8005053.
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Abstract Recent literature on the history of medicine in colonial Korea has revealed that Japanese medical scientists studied Korean bodies to expose racial differences between the Japanese and Koreans and justify Japanese colonial rule. Previous scholars, however, have focused mainly on finding a connection between colonial medical research and eugenics. This article attempts to consider things as yet underinvestigated, in particular, the way in which medical research on Koreans emerged and was intertwined with Japanese colonialism in other ways, separate from contemporary eugenics projects. The article examines the emergence and development of what we now considered as “racial sciences”—physical anthropology, serological anthropology, and human genetics—with regard to the biological characteristics of Koreans. In doing so, it argues that biological speculations on Koreans originated as a subdiscipline of Japanese origin studies and resonated with a newly emerging type of colonial racism in colonial Korea—inclusionary racism. The article also presents the colonial scientific enterprise’s conclusion that Koreans were biologically heterogeneous, contradicting colonial Korean intellectuals’ assertion about Korean ethnic homogeneity. The use of Korean ethnic homogeneity as an ideological basis for nation building by two Korean governments meant that postcolonial Korean scientists had to seek a way to reconcile the colonial era’s “scientific conclusion” (biological heterogeneity) with the postcolonial era’s “politically approved” conceptualization (biological homogeneity). Therefore, regardless of whether it was trying to refute, appropriate, or revitalize the colonial legacy, biological research on Koreans in the postcolonial period was carried out under the framework that had been constructed by colonial racial sciences.
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Shin, Dongil. "To Realize Our Decolonization: South Korea’s Deployment of Troops to Vietnam". International Journal of Korean History 27, n.º 1 (28 de fevereiro de 2022): 213–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22372/ijkh.2022.27.1.213.
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In the 1960s, less than two decades after its liberation, South Korea was still struggling to establish its position in the postwar international order amid waves of decolonization and the Cold War. As a newly independent country, South Korea had one task it considered to be of utmost importance: gaining international recognition by demonstrating its sovereignty to the world. This article focuses on Korea's nation-building process in this context through the dispatch of its troops to Vietnam, a crucial component of completing its decolonization. The subsequent text assesses what factors influenced South Korea's deployment of troops to Vietnam and how this policy gained greater social acquiescence. Koreans perceived the postwar international order as little changed from the previous era of imperialism, when Korea’s sovereignty had been forcefully usurped by Japan. This colonial experience, I contend, conditioned South Korea’s decision to deploy troops to Vietnam; the South Korean government adopted a method familiar to them of showing off its military power to gain international recognition. This logic also explains why domestic actors generally viewed the troop dispatch as legitimate, including intellectuals and opposing politicians who agreed that their country should pursue international recognition using all possible methods, including force.
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Nam, Boyoung, Jae Yop Kim e Wonjung Ryu. "Intimate Partner Violence Against Women Among North Korean Refugees: A Comparison With South Koreans". Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, n.º 15-16 (28 de abril de 2017): 2947–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517699949.
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North Korean refugees in South Korea have been reported as at higher risk of intimate partner violence (IPV). However, few studies have examined risk factors of IPV among North Korean refugees. This study aimed to report the prevalence of IPV against women among North Korean refugees, and compared the risk factors of IPV against women between South Koreans and North Korean refugees in South Korea. Data from a nationwide survey about domestic violence in South Korea were used. The rate of IPV against women by North Korean refugees was 57.1%, which is considerably higher than that of South Koreans (9.9%). The regression analysis indicated that North Korean refugees perpetrated partner violence against women more frequently than South Koreans, even after controlling for socioeconomic factors. Child abuse victimization and witnessing IPV between parents were the main factors of IPV against women among South Koreans. On the other hand, stress and a tolerant attitude toward using violence were significantly associated with IPV against women among North Korean refugees. The findings suggested that stress management and education on reducing tolerance to violence should be provided to prevent IPV against women among North Korean refugees.
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Ko, Kwang-Myong. "The Contribution of Zainichi Koreans from Jeju Island to the Development of Zainichi Korean Society in Japan". Society for Jeju Studies 60 (31 de agosto de 2023): 211–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.47520/jjs.2023.60.211.
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This study examines the contributions of Zainichi Koreans from Jeju island to the
development of their society while living in Japan. The results are summarized as follows.
First, the Zainichi Koreans voluntarily participated in organized fundraising activities at
the level of individuals or Korean Residents Union in Japan for the establishment of
Korean embassy in Japan. Second, through the activities in Korean Residents Union in
Japan, they enhanced the rights and interests of Zainichi Koreans and contributed to the
setup of the Korean Community Center and the exchanges with Japan’s local
communities. Third, the affiliated organizations of Korean Residents Union in Japan and
its related organizations contributed to the protection of Zainichi Korean businessmen’s
rights and interests, the development of sports including the training of younger
generations in Taekwondo, and the development of national financial institutions. Fourth,
in order to preserve their national identity, they played a leading role in the operation of
national classes for Zainichi Koreans, the establishment of national schools, and the
execution of education projects. Fifth, they contributed to the improvement of their
economic status, the setup of the Jeju Citizens Association Hall, the establishment of a
financial base, and the promotion of friendship and mutual aid through Zainichi Koreans’
social gatherings in the midst of difficult lives in a foreign country. Sixth, in Japan
society, they raised disaster relief funds for the Great East Japan Earthquake, propagated
Korean food culture, performed YMCA activities in Japan, and built toilets in Korea
Town. Seventh, the government’s medals and medals for Zainichi Koreans from Jeju
island, who contributed to Zainichi Korean society, instilled their pride, which became a
psychological compensation for them.
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Lee, Minkyoung. "A Study on the Early Protestant Missionaries' Perception Reflected in Korean Language Study Books: Focusing on the first editions of Korean language study books in the 1890s". Korean Society of Culture and Convergence 45, n.º 4 (30 de abril de 2023): 17–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.33645/cnc.2023.04.45.04.017.
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This study aims to examine the early Protestant missionaries' perception of the Korean language and Koreans' thoughts in the late 19th century. To this end, I analyzed the contents and language data of Korean study books published in the 1890s by early Protestant missionaries. And I tried to find out what they thought about the linguistic characteristics of the Korean language, the connection between the Korean language and Koreans' thoughts, and the way of living of Korean people. Through the research, I found the following. Firstly, they focused on practical linguistic knowledge such as pronunciation, phonology, and grammatical use for communication with native Korean speakers. Secondly, they acknowledged the correlation between the Korean language and Koreans' thoughts and presented various examples to prove this. Thirdly, they looked critically at the way of living of Korean people from a Western-centered point of view.
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Kang, Jin Woong. "North Koreans in South Korea and Beyond: Transnational Migration and Contested Nationhood". Migration Letters 17, n.º 2 (2 de abril de 2020): 325–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v17i2.703.
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This article examines the differentiated identities of North Koreans in South Korea and beyond in terms of transnational migration and contested nationhood. In the post-Cold War era, North Koreans in South Korea have been marginalised as a social minority, and comprise a subaltern group within South Korea, despite having South Korean citizenship. As a result, many North Korean refugees, including those who have already gained South Korean citizenship, have migrated to Western countries for a better life in terms of wealth and welfare. As active agents, they have pursued strategic lives in the host countries’ multicultural societies and Korean communities. Through complex transnational migration to South Korea and elsewhere, North Koreans have reformulated nationhood by contesting the idea of a “homogeneous nation” of Korea. This article focuses on how North Koreans have shaped their own Koreanness in the multicultural societies of the United States and the United Kingdom as well as in the hierarchical nationhood of South Korea. By doing so, it offers an alternative framework for looking at the multifarious identities of North Korean refugees globally.
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Seeley, Joseph. "Cattle, Viral Invasions, and State-Society Relations in a Colonial Korean Borderland". Journal of Korean Studies 28, n.º 1 (1 de março de 2023): 5–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/07311613-10213156.
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Abstract For early twentieth-century Koreans, one of the most feared invaders to breach the country’s northern border with China was the tiny viral pathogen Rinderpest morbillivirus (rinderpest, or cattle plague). This study examines the social consequences of rinderpest outbreaks along the colonial Sino-Korean border and the methods undertaken by the Japanese Government-General of Korea to control viral “invasions” from Manchuria. Rinderpest prevention primarily functioned as an extension of the colonial police. Despite universal fears of rinderpest’s ravages, which devastated a rural economy dependent on animal labor, colonized Koreans exhibited wide-ranging reactions to the heavy-handed methods adopted by imperial officials to fight the disease. Korean responses included outright resistance such as cross-border cattle smuggling, attacking veterinary officials, or protests against livestock travel bans, as well as varying degrees of cooperation. Moving chronologically from before the beginning of formal colonial rule in 1910 until the 1930s, this article strives to explain how a modern veterinary regime was implemented and negotiated in the northern colonial Korean borderland. Such a view is essential for understanding not only Korea’s colonial past but also Korean responses to infectious disease “invasions” in the present day.
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Demelius, Yoko. "The Presentation of the Korean Self with Everyday Food: Negotiating “Koreanness” through Kimchi Diplomacy in Contemporary Japan". Seoul Journal of Korean Studies 36, n.º 1 (junho de 2023): 87–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/seo.2023.a902135.
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Abstract: This study explores domestic cultural diplomacy efforts to brand “Koreaness” using kimchi as a medium of civic movement for minority awareness and intercultural dialogue in Japan. Amid current global consumption trends, popular Korean dishes, including kimchi, have become diffused among the many other international dishes appropriated in Japan. Once negatively regarded in Japan as immigrants’ food that symbolized ethnic Koreans’ marginalization, many now consider kimchi to be a comfort food. Although some Korean residents perceive kimchi’s popularity in Japan as a sign of reduced skepticism toward and gradual acceptance of Koreanness and Korean residents in Japanese society, many Koreans approach kimchi as a medium through which they express their Koreanness and negotiate their position as an ethnic minority in relation to Japan’s “homogeneous” national identity. Discussions surrounding the production and consumption of kimchi in Japan reveal the delicate negotiations at play in the Korean minority’s assertion of proper Koreanness in Japan. Based on ethnographic work conducted among Korean communities in western Japan, this study investigates the performative and preservation efforts that the Korean community undertakes to sustain their ethnicity while becoming an increasingly integral part of Japanese society.
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KIM, Mansu. "THE PATTERNS OF KOREAN’S NARRATIVE: BASED ON THE ‘RULE OF THREE’". International Journal of Korean Humanities and Social Sciences 3 (8 de julho de 2017): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/kr.2017.03.04.
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Korea has several conflicting images. The first image was that Korea has been a small and weak country. Korean Peninsula places at the collision point of continents and oceans, so it has been forced to encounter the frequent invasions from other strong neighboring countries. The second image is that Korea is a very interesting and dynamic society which has a long history and excellent cultures. Nowadays Koreans are known to be very smart and excellent in arts and science. Owing to the ardent desire for the children’s education, young Korean students are more educated and talented than those of any other nations. Between the passive belittlement opinion and extremely exaggerated applause, there could be more balanced third opinions suitable for Korean’s position.Korea is trying to confirm its identity through the comparison with other countries; China, Japan, and the United States. China has been the most powerful empire at the center of East Asia. For this reason, Korea chose a voluntary way of submission to China for a long time. Of course, there happened to be a time of resistance as an opponent. Korea sometimes has kept the attitude of "subservience to the stronger" on China. Japan has been considered as a less civilized country than Korea. But it grew to be the most powerful imperialist’s nation in East Asia and dominated Korea as a kind of substantial colony for 35 years. At the beginning of 20th century, the United States emerged as the super power among the all nations. Their power influenced to lots of nations as a police of the world as if they were the only police who can keep world peace. They were the friendly helper to South Korea for a long time. But it is not strange there were some occasional conflicts between the two nations.In general, Korea has chosen a policy of obedience to these powerful countries. But on the contrary of realistic attitude to them, Korean has continuously kept the attitude of independence and resistance in their deep minds. In the folk tale, it is the universal law that the weakest finally wins the strongest. The pattern of Korean’s narratives is same to that folk tale.Koreans feels a kind of empathy to these folk tales for they have been too weak themselves. So they made their own tales based on the contrast between strong and weak. Koreans have felt serious agony against inevitable power between continent/ ocean, China/ Japan, China/ United States. These were the Koreans’ destiny in their daily life. But Koreans developed lots of fictitious narrative which shows the imaginative victory of Korean.The pattern of ‘Rule of three’ can be divided into four; simple or cumulative, progressive or ascending, contrasting or double negative, dialectical. In this paper, I am going to introduce some Korean narratives, which show the victory of the weakest. The stories of General Yushin Kim and Great Monk Samyeong could be chosen the representative examples of Korean narratives."Three colored national flag" has been used in the world. For example, French people uses three colored flag for the meaning of liberty, equality and fraternity. I guess, in Poland, the legend of ‘three eagles’ could be used for the relationship of Russia, Germany and Poland or Germany, Czech and Poland. Currently, it can be used for the Korean’s dilemma between the powerful Group Two. Koreans are always asking to themselves: which way we must choose to survive between two powerful brothers, what is the third way we can choose as the youngest brother. These questions are making many narratives on Korean themselves.
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Sung, Joo-Hyun. "The Great Kanto Earthquake in Japanese Colonial Era’s Colonial Joseon Media Reflect the Massacre of Koreans". Yu Gwan sun Research Senter 29, n.º 1 (30 de junho de 2024): 29–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.56475/ygsrc.2024.29.1.29.
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This paper analyzed the trends and perceptions of the colonial Joseon media about the 'Korean genocide' that occurred during the Great Kanto Earthquake (Great Kanto Earthquake) in Japan on September 1, 1923. After the Kanto Great Earthquake, rumors such as Koreans rioting, poisoning wells, and rape were rampant, and more than 6,000 people were slaughtered. At the time of the Kanto Great Earthquake, the massacre of Koreans was ‘forbidden’ in colonial Joseon. Koreans who witnessed the massacre of Koreans in the Kanto Great Earthquake felt terrible, but after returning, they were subject to the colonial rule's surveillance. Therefore, the massacre of Koreans in the Kanto Great Earthquake was thoroughly controlled. However, at the end of September, the expression “the massacre of Koreans” was carefully reported along with reports of the massacre of the vigilante group and related to the trial, and it was covered more widely in articles such as related gossip articles and editorials. The analysis is as follows. First, reports related to the massacre of Koreans after the Kanto Great Earthquake were carefully reported with nuances that could recognize them rather than direct expressions. However, the media reported enough that readers who read reports related to the massacre could recognize this. Second, reports of trials related to the Korean genocide have been reported since October. This was published with a premise or partial report on a local Japanese article. The trial report began with the handling of Captain Amakas’ case of the Osgi massacre, but gradually, reports related to the Korean genocide expanded. Third, the fact-finding of the Korean genocide reported on activities in foreign countries such as Japan and the United States rather than colonial Joseon. Such reports on the fact-finding of the Korean genocide can be said to be close to the situation in which it is not possible to conduct systematic activities for fact-finding in colonial Joseon.
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Cho, Geon. "The Implementation and Characteristics of the Japanese Navy's Korean Mobilization System during the Asia-Pacific War". Bukak History Academy 18 (31 de julho de 2023): 325–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.37288/bukak.2023.18.9.325.
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The Japanese Navy has mobilized troops against Koreans since August 1943. The Navy's late push for the mobilization of Korean troops was due to concerns and distrust of Koreans. However, as the war situation worsened and Japanese military resources became scarce, naval mobilization was eventually implemented against Koreans.
Until now, the structure and status of the Japanese Navy's mobilization of Korean troops has been poorly understood due to data limitations. The sketchy accounts of the start of the naval special assistance system in Korea in 1943 and the conscription system in 1944 make it even more difficult to understand the structure of the navy's troop mobilization. This article examines the status of the Japanese Navy's implementation of the Korean Special Support System through institutions and examples, and explains in detail the structure and methods of troop mobilization.
The results show that the Japanese Navy utilized both the volunteer and conscription systems to mobilize the Korean population. Contrary to what is known, the scale of Korean mobilization was greater through volunteers than conscription, as the Japanese navy preferred to train them directly through volunteers in order to secure high-quality troops. Meanwhile, Koreans were initially mobilized as sailors and mechanics, but after 1945, about 50% of the total number of Koreans were mobilized as engineers. This was due to the need to build airfields and underground facilities to prevent American air raids and landings.
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Kurmyzov, Aleksandr A. "The Revival of the “Glorious Past” In the Republic of Korea under Park Chung Hee". RUDN Journal of World History 15, n.º 4 (15 de dezembro de 2023): 374–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8127-2023-15-4-374-392.
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The study examines the Republic of Korea’s (ROK) history politics under Park Chung Hee rule (1961-1979). The author argues that it’s possible to identify two stages of the development of policy toward Korea’s national heritage: 1) the early stage (1961 to mid 1960s), during which the government of the ROK managed to create the legal basis of the state policy on the protection of cultural heritage and the Office of Cultural Properties and 2) the late stage (the late 1960’s to 1979), when the regime carried out large-scale propaganda of Korean traditional culture. The article covers such problems as historical views of Park Chung Hee, restoration of Korean places of military glory, measures to perpetuate the memory of Korean outstanding historical figures - admiral Yi Sun-sin and king Sejong the Great, glorification of the ancient Korean kingdom Silla, promotion of Confucian values. The author concludes that President Park Chung Hee sought to strengthen the national consciousness of South Koreans in order to mobilize them to implement national tasks and unite the population around the authorities. The main emphasis was placed on the heroic pages of the military history of Korea and the history of Silla, the first unified Korean state. In the 1970s, the state actively promoted Confucian values to ensure the loyalty of the population to the authoritarian regime of Park Chung Hee. Despite the democratization of the Republic of Korea since 1987, Park Chung Hee’s cultural policy has played a significant role in shaping the historical identity of modern South Koreans. The research is based on Park Chung Hee’s works, ROK’s official documents and materials of South Korean researchers.
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Kim, Soyoung. "Trends in the Korean Empire after the Outbreak of the Russo-Japanese War and the “Jinwidae Incident” in Gongju". Institute of Korean Cultural Studies Yeungnam University 85 (31 de dezembro de 2023): 287–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.15186/ikc.2023.12.31.08.
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After the start of the Russo-Japanese War in 1904, as Japanese troops were stationed throughout the Korean Peninsula, and more Japanese were employed in the military operation and railway construction, clashes between Koreans and Japanese occurred frequently. Most of the incidents were caused by Japanese domination or criminal acts such as theft, assault, and murder. In order to conduct the war efficiently, Japan monitored public sentiment and trends in Korea. While the Japanese often blamed Koreans for conflicts between Korean and Japanese, they recognised that the number of thefts, assaults, and murders committed by Japanese, and anti-Japanese sentiment was growing among Koreans. Japan attempted to maintain “security” by increasing the number of police stations or dispatching Japanese garrison to areas where conflict was common.
The “Jinwidae(鎭衛隊) Incident” in Gongju, Chungcheongnam-do, in September 1904, was similar in nature to incidents elsewhere at the time. In this case, a Korean and a Japanese resident of Gongju, Kan Shintaro, assaulted each other over a minor argument, resulting in minor injuries and damage. However, Japan used the fact that the Koreans involved were soldiers in the Gongju provincial army, Jinwidae and Korean government’s failure to act quickly as a pretext for military intervention. Immediately after the incident, Japan dispatched the Japanese garrison to arrest the soldiers and bring them to Seoul. The Korean government was concerned that the dispatch of Japanese troops would stir up public atmosphere in the Gongju area, and protested to Japan that the Japanese troops' arrest of the Jinwidae soldiers was an act that damaged Korea's national integrity, and engaged in diplomatic negotiations to calm the situation. For the next three months, Korea and Japan argued over the issue of punishment and compensation, but the two sides settled on punishing the Jinwidae soldiers involved in the incident and paying compensation.
In order to bring Korea under Japanese power, Japan was pursuing a plan to not only win the war militarily, but also to reduce and eventually disband the Korean Army, making it completely dependent on Japanese military power. As Japan was movin g forward with these plan s, an in ciden t in volvin g a Jinwidae soldier in Gongju occurred, and regardless of the nature of the incident, which was a private quarrel and assault between two individuals, Japan responded militarily, spinning it as a demonstration of the “uselessness” of the Korean army.
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Le, Minh Thi Hong. "The reality of Vietnamese language teaching and Vietnamese Studies education in Korea". Science and Technology Development Journal 18, n.º 2 (30 de junho de 2015): 70–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v18i2.1194.
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Over 20 years of Korea-Vietnam relationship, Korea has become the biggest investor in Vietnam, and Vietnam the forth on the list of Korea’s most important partners. There are over 135,000 Koreans living in Vietnam and out of 123,000 Vietnamese living and working in Korea, there are 40,000 Vietnamese wives to Korean husbands. Currently, in Korea there are 4 universities that have faculties or departments of the Vietnamese language or of Vietnamese Studies, with a large number of alumni who have successfully found jobs. Demand is higher than supply capacity. Vietnamese proficiency is not only essential to Koreans living and working in Vietnam and Korea-based companies with Vietnamese employees but also will be valuable to children of thousands of Korean-Vietnamese families in the coming years. The Ministry of Education of Korea has just announced a policy stating that the Vietnamese language will be one of the eight second languages in the national university entrance examination, which will bring to Vietnamese language teaching new opportunities and prospects.
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Datsyshen, V. G. "Koreans in the Red Army. On the Problem of Russian-Korean Relations in the Soviet Union". Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series History 38 (2021): 102–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2222-9124.2021.38.102.
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The problems of Korean service in the Red Army are considered. It is noted that Koreans, both Russian citizens and emigrants from Korea, voluntarily joined the Red Army from the first days of its existence, and then Soviet Koreans were drafted into it on a general basis. Most of the Koreans served in the Siberian Military District and in the Special Far Eastern Army. Special attention is paid to the problems of Russian-Korean relations. The conclusion is made that the absence of racial and national discrimination in the Red Army did not exclude problems and contradictions in the relations between Russian and Korean servicemen. But these problems did not have a serious impact on the combat capability of the Red Army
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Owen, David A. "Measuring Pro-North Korean sentiment in South Korea during the Kim Jong-il Era". Communist and Post-Communist Studies 47, n.º 2 (21 de maio de 2014): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2014.04.005.
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This study analyzes recent claims regarding positive sentiment towards North Korea among South Koreans using cross-sectional public opinion data from the 2004 and 2006 waves of the Asian Barometer. Pro-North Korean sentiments are proposed to be highest among those who feel a stronger sense of common ancestry and language with North Koreans, the wealthy, the younger, those who trust NGOs, those in Seoul and those in the southwest region. I use ordered logistical regression to test hypotheses derived from these propositions. I find support for the southwest hypothesis, though the percentage of South Koreans with these sentiments is actually very low. The results have important implications for relations on the Korean Peninsula and the study of North Korean politics.
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Hwang, EuiGab, Ilhong Yun e Edmund F. McGarrell. "A Comparative Study of Fear of Crime among Korean Immigrants in the United States and Native Koreans in South Korea". African and Asian Studies 15, n.º 1 (23 de maio de 2016): 53–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692108-12341358.
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Scholars implicitly assume that the conceptual models of fear of crime found in the Western literature are also applicable to populations that have different cultural and ethnic backgrounds. To investigate whether such an assumption is legitimate, the current study analyzed survey data from samples of Korean immigrants in the Detroit metropolitan area and native Koreans in Seoul, South Korea. The result indicated a higher level of fear among native Koreans than Korean immigrants. The presented subgroup analyses revealed that perceived incivility, confidence in the police, and ethnic attachment were significant predictors of fear of crime among Korean immigrants, while gender, vicarious victimization, and perceived crime increase in the neighborhood were significant among native Koreans. Based on these findings, we offer implications for future research.
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Lee, Joung Chul. "Multilayered Faith and Interreligious Dialogue: A Case of Religious Hybridity in Korea and Its Implications for Formation". Religions 15, n.º 6 (18 de junho de 2024): 742. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel15060742.
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Comprehending and discussing Koreans’ experiences of inter-religious dialogue requires a precise understanding of their religious hybridity. To this end, this article first delves into South Korea’s multireligious and syncretic landscape. Subsequently, it focuses on the concept of chungch’ŭng-sinang, or multilayered faith, highlighting how Koreans have constructed their own religiously multilayered and open internal structures based on their historical encounters with various religions. Finally, building on this understanding, this article examines how an in-depth understanding of Korean religious hybridity transforms our understanding of their experiences in inter-religious dialogue. Acknowledging their hybridity facilitates an understanding of experiences that go beyond mere acquisition of knowledge about others and a deepening sense of their identities—involving the discovery of internal otherness. While this approach may weaken the logic of religion, it can foster dialogue that is more liberating, formative, and humanizing.
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Park, Cheonghwan, e Kyungrae Kim. "Korean Buddhism Abroad: A Critical Examination of Overseas Propagation Strategies of Jogye Order’s Hanmaum Seon Center". Religions 13, n.º 4 (30 de março de 2022): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel13040297.
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In the decades following the Korean War (1950–1953), support from Korea’s Jogye Order, the largest of Korea’s Buddhist sects, was instrumental for establishing Korean Buddhism overseas. However, in recent decades, Korean Buddhism has been facing a growing domestic crisis and the number of the Jogye Order’s annual monastic recruits has been declining steadily. This domestic membership crisis has affected Korean Buddhism abroad, as the order has lost over half its foreign temples over the last decade. Nevertheless, despite these downward trends, the nine international branches of the Hanmaum Seon Center, founded by the Jogye Order’s Seon Master Daehaeng, have remained strong. Given the successful example of the Hanmaum Seon Center’s international branches, the Jogye Order’s future efforts abroad might find success by focusing on lay-oriented modes of practice, while balancing their involvement both with local Korean émigré communities and with outreach to local non-Koreans.
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CHAMBERS, CLAIRE MARIA. "Mythologizing the Global with the ‘Korean Original Musical’". Theatre Research International 39, n.º 3 (16 de setembro de 2014): 168–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883314000443.
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Because South Korea's national sovereignty is a matter of cultural production, Seoul boasts an energetic programme of world-class performances that educate both foreigners and Koreans about the nation's struggle to assert its subjectivity throughout centuries of invasion, colonization and displacement. Three musicals re-present episodes from Korea's mythical past in ways that demonstrate a ‘primordial’ uniqueness of Korean global presence. The Celestial Clock addresses a Korean audience, unfolding outdoors against the backdrop of Gyeonghuigung Palace. Miso: The Original Korean Musical – Love Songs from Chunhyang, a showcase for traditional performing arts, uses pantomime and subtitles to guide an international audience through a popular legend; and Miso II: Land of the Gods stages Korean mythical history in breathtaking spectacle. The musicals, by arguing for the ‘always already’ global viability of Korean national sovereignty, also work to destabilize current ‘mythologies’ of what it means for a state to achieve ‘global’ status.
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Jarvis, Jonathan A. "Lost in Translation: Obstacles to Converting Global Cultural Capital to Local Occupational Success". Sociological Perspectives 63, n.º 2 (6 de junho de 2019): 228–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731121419852366.
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International students studying at foreign universities believe this experience will translate to occupational opportunities in their home countries. Although the motives for global education have been considered, we know less about the conversion process upon return. Using 66 in-depth interviews (20 evaluators, 20 locally-educated Koreans, 26 foreign-educated Koreans), I examine how global cultural capital can be both deeply meaningful and an obstacle to organizational fit and reintegration. When Koreans leave Korea before attending a local university, the acquisition of global institutional, embodied, and objectified cultural capital may come at the expense of how they activate or portray embodied local cultural capital. Koreans with more balanced global and local cultural capital—those leaving after graduating from a Korean university—were able to navigate the work context with greater ease, choosing when and how to signal both their global knowledge and understanding of the rules of the Korean work world.
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Potapova, N. A. "The Korean diaspora in the USSR in the 1930s". BULLETIN of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. HISTORICAL SCIENCES. PHILOSOPHY. RELIGION Series 135, n.º 2 (2021): 48–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-7255-2021-135-2-48-62.
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The article is devoted to the so-called Korean problem in the Soviet Union and ways to find ways to solve it. The Bolsheviks inherited from the Russian Empire the unresolved issue of active settlement of the Far East by Koreans. The migration from Japanese Korea was massive and uncontrolled. Unlike the Chinese, who settled all over the Soviet Union, Koreans settled compactly in the far eastern region. According to the 1937 census, the diaspora in the USSR numbered about 200,000 people. Since the 1920s, the Bolshevik government has attempted to solve the Korean question in the country, including repression of the diaspora. However, the Bolsheviks resorted to drastic and decisive measures in the 1930s. At this time, persecution of the Korean population increased. The main reason for persecution was the desire of the Bolshevik government to rid the country of «unreliable» and «dangerous» elements. The repression of Koreans in the 1930s can be divided into two stages. The first stage covers the period from the beginning of the new decade to the summer of 1937. This period is characterized by sporadic arrests of the Korean population, with the peak of persecution being in 1931- 1932 due to the occupation of Manchuria by Japan and, consequently, a new wave of the Korean population emerged in the Soviet Far East. The Japanese military threat was the main reason for the Bolshevik government to look for foreign spies and agents in the USSR, and the population living in territories occupied by Japan and ending up in the Soviet Union were charged with Japanese espionage. The Koreans therefore became a category of the so-called fifth column. The targeted repressions in the first half of the 1930s were replaced by mass punitive actions in the second half of the 1930s, which reached their peak in 1937-1938. The repression of Koreans in 1937- 1938 comprised conditionally two punitive campaigns. The first campaign was the deportation of far eastern Koreans to Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. The second was the arrests and convictions of the Korean population during the period of the Great Terror as part of the mass operations of the NKVD (The People’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs ), particularly the «Harbin» operation. Before 1937-1938, arrests and convictions of Koreans ranged in the hundreds. Thus, for example, in 1933 213 persons were convicted of espionage, in 1934 - 104, in 1935 - 200. During the period of the Big Terror only under the order No.00593 there were convicted about 5 thousand Koreans.
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Baker, Don. "Koreans in Vancouver: A Short History". Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 19, n.º 2 (23 de julho de 2009): 155–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/037752ar.
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Abstract The Korean-Canadian community in Vancouver is relatively new, compared to older Asian-Canadian communities such as the Chinese-Canadian and the Indo-Canadian communities. However, Koreans now constitute one of the more visible minority communities in the area. A rapid increase in immigration from Korea led to Koreans establishing churches and restaurants throughout the Vancouver area, and identifying those churches with Korean-language signs. The rise in the number of Koreans living in the southwestern corner of the BC mainland has also led to the emergence of a cluster of stores and offices in the middle of Metro Vancouver that is large enough to merit the label "Koreatown." In addition, downtown Vancouver is filled with students who have come from Korea to study English, further heightening awareness of a substantial Korean population in the Vancouver area. In just a few decades, Korean-Canadians have emerged as a significant component of the multi-cultural landscape of British Columbia.
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Yu Jose, Lydia N. "The Koreans in Second World War Philippines: Rumour and history". Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 43, n.º 2 (20 de abril de 2012): 324–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463412000082.
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‘Mas malupit ang mga Koreano kaysa mga Hapon’ is a rumour about Koreans in Second World War Philippines that has persisted to this day. A comparative, quantitative statement, it is roughly translated as ‘The Koreans committed more atrocities than the Japanese in Second World War Philippines’. This is a half-true memory: true, there were Koreans in the Philippines; false, they could not have committed more atrocities than the Japanese because there were very few of them, as archival evidence discussed in this article proves. If only the Koreans and their role in the war were properly discussed in Philippine textbooks, this rumour would not have persisted to this day.
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Jung, Hye-Kyung. "Mitsubishi Mining Company’s Sado Mine Compulsory Mobilization of Korean Tobacco Distribution List". Association Of Korean-Japanese National Studies 43 (31 de dezembro de 2022): 43–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.35647/kjna.2022.43.43.
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The “Korean Tobacco Distribution List” is a list related to Koreans who mobilized to Sado Mining Co., Ltd. belonging to Mitsubishi Mining Co., Ltd. from 1944 to 1946. It consists of a list and annexes produced in the process of providing cigarettes to Korean miners housed in a total of three single accommodations. Currently, three versions of the list have been discovered, and the total size of the list is estimated to be 494 Koreans (including some unknown nationality).
The Sado Mining Company mobilized 1,519 Koreans between 1939 and 1945. However, the list made by Mitsubishi Mining cannot be found. In that respect, the value of this historical records is very high.
There are several claims about the timing and excavation process of the “Korean Tobacco Distribution List,” and the contents are not the same depending on the owner. Since it is a list related to tobacco distribution, the movement situation is mainly included, and it is difficult to find information on the labor situation. In addition, the “Korean Tobacco Distribution List” is not a historical records containing all the life information of 1,519 Koreans mobilized by the Sado Mine, but a list of Koreans who were accommodated in some single accommodations. Therefore, it is not possible to grasp the actual situation of the miners with family members, and the size of the album is only 1/3 of the damage status data compared to 1,519 people. An analysis is needed considering that this is a limitation and characteristic of the “Korean Tobacco Distribution List.”
As such, the 'Korean Tobacco Distribution List' is a historical records to be supplemented in that it is complete. However, it contains the most abundant information among the existing lists related to the Sado mine. Therefore, it is necessary to supplement the limitations and increase the value of the historical records through additional historical recordsa collection and research.
This paper analyzed the main contents of the historical records for the three versions of the “Korean Tobacco Distribution List” discovered so far, and based on this, several characteristics of forced mobilization of Koreans in the Sado mine were presented. The remaining task in the future is to simultaneously discover additional historical records and conduct detailed analysis.
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Chang, Miya. "Comparative Study on Volunteering among Older Korean Immigrants in the United States and Older Koreans in South Korea". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n.º 12 (14 de junho de 2022): 7297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127297.
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This study aimed to determine the most important factors that influence the prevalence of volunteering among older Koreans in the United States and in Korea and to identify sociodemographic resources, cultural resources, and social resources that are correlated with volunteering. The data were gathered from older Koreans aged 60 or over from the two countries (n = 480). The prevalence of volunteering was 23.3% for older Korean immigrants in the United States versus 14.7% for the older Koreans in Korea. This study found that there was a significant relationship between human capital (individual resources) and volunteering in both countries. Education and financial status had a positive relationship with volunteering among older Koreans in both countries. Cultural resources and social resources were the only important predictors of volunteering among older Korean immigrants in the United States. Regarding types of volunteering, older Koreans in both countries were more likely to participate in informal volunteering than formal volunteering. These findings differ somewhat from those reported by previous studies. This study was the first attempt to examine older adults from these two countries with a focus on the correlation between cultural factors, social resources, and volunteering.
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Avdashkin, Andrey. "Migration of Koreans to the South Urals from Central Asia: public associations and support networks". OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2023, n.º 11-2 (1 de novembro de 2023): 118–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202311statyi32.
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The article discusses the migration of Koreans to the South Urals after the collapse of the USSR, the emergence of Korean public associations and structures designed to promote the settlement of migrants. In particular, the author touches upon the activities of educational and economic structures created for Koreans who came from Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan to Chelyabinsk, shows the biographical trajectories of entrepreneurs who opened outlets for the production of “Korean” salads.
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Min, Pyong Gap. "A Comparison of the Korean Minorities in China and Japan". International Migration Review 26, n.º 1 (março de 1992): 4–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839202600101.
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Approximately 1.8 million Koreans are settled in China and some 700,000 Koreans are located in Japan. The Korean minorities in two neighboring Asian countries make an interesting contrast in adjustment and ethnicity. Whereas the Koreans in China have maintained high levels of ethnic autonomy and positive ethnic identity, the Korean Japanese have lost much of their cultural repertoire and have suffered from negative ethnic identity. This paper provides a comparative analysis, explaining why the Koreans in two countries have made the different adjustments. It focuses on the basic differences in minority policy between China and Japan, the difference in the context of migration, the existence or absence of a territorial base, and the differential levels of influence from Korea. This comparative analysis is theoretically valuable because it has demonstrated that the physical and cultural differences between the majority group and a minority group are not necessary conditions for prejudice and discrimination against the minority group.