Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Kathmandu (Nepal). Hanuman Dhoka"

Brian Houghton Hodgson lived and worked at the British Residency in Kathmandu from1820 to 1843, and served as British Resident in Nepal for the last ten of these years.1 Hedied in 1894, and some 25 years after his death Perceval Landon wrote:Some time ago my attention was arrested by the remark of Mr. Cecil Bendall who, writing in 1886, while Hodgson was still alive, referred to him as ‘the greatest, and least thanked of all our English Residents’. It is difficult to dispute either adjective. Hodgson was indeed more than the greatest ofEnglish Residents. He was the founder of all our real knowledge of Buddhism. He was the only manwhose infinite variety of scholarship and interest could, unaided, have written the true history of Nepal.

The historical monuments of the ‘City of Temples’ (Kathmandu) represent an intrinsic component of Nepal’s cultural heritage. The 2015 devastating Gorkha earthquake, besides human casualties, has led to a widespread demolition or partial damage of monuments at UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including the ones in Durbar squares. This study, through an integrated material characterization of masonry binders, used in four case monuments from Hanuman Dhoka and Patan Durbar squares, intends to contribute to the knowledge of the technological know-how of the past in order to maintain as much as possible the original traditions and to provide appropriate conservation strategies. The analytical characterization of the ancient mortars was carried out by means of X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Attenuated Total Reflectance–Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), petrographic analysis, X-ray Fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) and Pyrolysis–Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (Py-GC-MS). The composition of the mortars has been determined and is in accordance with previous research in traditional materials used in the Nepalese architecture. Chromatographic techniques proved to be particularly important in the analysis of mortars with organic binders as they revealed the possible composition of the binding media, providing additional information valuable for the future conservation/restoration of the stone monuments of the ‘City of Temples’.

Conflict between heritage management authorities and the local residents has been critical to sustainable management of the World Heritage Sites (WHS) in Kathmandu Valley. This paper attempts to find out the reasons of such conflict by analyzing the facets of prevalent non-compliance of rules and regulations in Kathmandu Valley’s three World Heritage Sites: Hanuman Dhoka, Patan and Bhaktapur Durbar Squares. This is a qualitative analysis of perceptions, understanding and interests of the local people and the heritage management authorities. The paper also reviews the existing national and international policy provisions on conservation of WHS and makes special notes about the conservation of private houses in the WHS. Cases were selected using snow-ball sampling technique. Structured interviews were conducted with key informants including concerned government officials and the local residents. The findings include such reasons of non-compliance of WHS regulations as overlapping and unclear roles of multiple institutions involved in the management of the WHS, lack of public participation in decision making, inadequate economic incentives to locals, ineffective implementation of compliance mechanisms. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ntdr.v2i1.7381 Nepal Tourism and Development Review Vol.2(1) 2012 87-104

Swayambhu is located in ward 15 of Kathmandu Municipality and Bungamati is situated in ward 22 of Lalitpur Municipality. Bungadya: is the common deity of Nepalmandal whose image is kept six months in Bungamati and six months at Tahbahal of Lalitpur. Its chariot festival starts in the month of Baisakha. The main aim of the study is to explore Swayambhu Buddhacharya's relation with Bungam Lokesvara. What and how cultural activities are performed during the chariot festival by Budhacharyas. I spent 15 days in Swayambhu for data collection in 2016 Baisakha month. I selected some renowned priests of Swayambhu. I have applied the ethnographic method. During the course of data collection, I have interviewed with priests and observed animal sacrifice four days before starting the festival and involved in the preliminary procession of worship to Bungadya: at Pulchok. Books and articles have been used for description. This study is mostly completed based on the field research. Buddhacharya collects Pooja goods (objects) from each houses of Swayambhu then go to Hanuman Dhoka. The representative Buddhacharya first of all worship to Bungadya: in Pulchok before pulling chariot. Then, other devotees worship Bungadya:. On the way of returning home they deliver Prasad to the certain people. Instead of that, Prasad receiver gives Dakshina. Buddhacharya celebrate Jhwaglapagla Bhoy in Swayambhu. Four days before Panju sacrifice animal at Vayupur in Swayambhu at night and take away Swayambhu as Asana (seat) of Bungadya:. They have strong relation with Bungadya and Pānju of Bungamati. They do not keep marital relation with Bunga as well as Bunga do not marry with Swayambhu.

Abstract Background Injury and disability are prominent public health concerns, globally and in the country of Nepal. Lack of locally available medical infrastructure, socioeconomic barriers, social marginalization, poor health literacy, and cultural barriers prevent patients from accessing surgical and rehabilitative care. Overcoming these barriers is an insurmountable challenge for the most vulnerable and marginalized, resulting in absence of treatment or even death. Methods Sundar Dhoka Saathi Sewa (SDSS), a non-government organization, provides a patient navigation service which facilitates referrals to tertiary centers from Nepal’s most remote areas. Specific criteria ensure that patient referrals are appropriate in regard to clinical and socioeconomic need, while comprehensive counselling helps guide the patient and family. The SDSS staff meet patients upon arrival in Kathmandu and facilitate admission to the appropriate tertiary hospital. They advocate for the patient, provide medicine, supply food and cover all treatment costs. Results This project has enabled access to treatment for more than 1200 children for conditions leading to long-term disability and/or congenital heart disease. Interventions include a wide range of surgical and rehabilitative procedures such as complex orthopedics, cleft lip and palate, congenital talipes equinovarus, burn contractures, neurological cases, and cardiac surgery for valvular disease, septal defects and other congenital malformations. Discussion The SDSS model of patient navigation is effective in overcoming the barriers to access surgical care and rehabilitation in Nepal. The success is owed to committed international donors, capacity building, effective counselling, advocacy, compassion, and community. We believe that this model could be replicated in other LMICs.

दुनियाँमा भाषा, धर्म, संस्कृति, परम्परा, कला वास्तुकलाका क्षेत्रमा नेपालप्रसिद्ध मुलुक हो । यहाँ प्राचीनकालदेखि नै विभिन्न किसिमका कला तथा वास्तुकलाका संरचनाहरु निर्माण हुँदै आएको इतिहास छ । राजप्रसाद, मठ,मन्दिर, विहार, चैत्य, स्तुपा, पार्टी, पौवा, ढुङ्गेधारा जस्ता वास्तुकलाका नमुनाहरु नेपालमा प्राचीन कालदेखि नै निर्माण हुँदै आएका छन् । मानगृह, कैशाशकुट रभद्राधिवास जस्ता भब्य महलहरु यहाँ निर्माण गरिएका थिए । तर ती संरचनाआज हामी समक्ष छैनन् । पछिल्लो कालमा काठमाडौ उपत्यकाभित्र मात्र होइन, बाहिर पनि यस्ता वास्तु संरचनाहरु निर्माण गरिए । पनौतीको इन्द्रेश्वर महादेव, देवपाटनको पशुपतिनाथ, चाँगुको चाँगुनारायण, भक्तपुरको न्यातपोल,पाटनको कुम्भेश्वर, कीर्तिपुरको बाघभैरव, चोभारको जलविनायक, गोकर्णको गोकर्णेश्वर, हनुमानढोकाको तलेजु भवानी, भक्तपुर, काठमाडौ, पाटन, गोरखार नुवाकोटका दरबार, पश्चिम नेपालका विभिन्न स्थानमा रहेका देवलहरु कलावास्तुकला, धार्मिक सांस्कृतिक दृष्टिकोणले महत्वपुर्ण स्मारक मानिन्छन् । यस्ता वास्तुरचनामध्ये पाल्पा जिल्लाको तानसेन बजारमा अवस्थित अमरनारायण मन्दिर पनि एउटा हो । यो मन्दिर काष्ठकलाका दृष्टिकोणले निकै महत्वपुर्ण मानिन्छ । तले शैलीमा निर्माण गरिएको यो मन्दिरमा पाइने काष्ठकला लगायतविविध पक्षकोे विश्लेषण गर्ने उद्देश्यले प्रस्तुत लेख तयार गरिएको हो । यो लेख विश्लेषणात्मक र विवरणात्मक अनुसन्धानको ढाँचामा आधारित छ । यसमा गुणात्मक सूचना एवम् तथ्यांक प्रयोग गरिएका छन् । त्यसो हुँदा यो गुणात्मक लेख हो । यस अध्ययनमा प्राथमिक तथा द्वितीयक दुवै प्रकृतिका तथ्यांकहरु संकलन तथा विश्लेषण गरिएका छन् । प्राथमिक तथ्यांक भने अवलोकन, अन्तर्वार्ता, छलफल जस्ता विधि प्रयोग गरी संकलन गरिएका हुन् । द्वितीयक तथ्यांक भने विभिन्न ग्रन्थ, प्रतिवेदन र लेख रचनाको समीक्षाबाट संकलन गरिएको हो । {Nepal is a country famous all over the world for its variety of Language, religion, culture, customs, traditions, art and architecture. Varieties of art and architectural structures have been built in different historical periods. Majestic buildings like Managriha, Kailashkut Bhawan, Bhadradhiwas Bhawan hadbeen built in Ancient Nepal. Raj Prasad, Matha Mandir, chaitya, stupas, Pati, Pauwa, stone water tank and many designs of architectural structures have been built since ancient time. Unfortunately, those structures are not with us anymore. Recently, some of such structuries have been constructed all over Nepal. Indreshwor Mahadev, Pasunath temple of Devpatan, Changunarayan of Changu Nyatpol of Bhaktapur, Khumbheswor of Patan, Bhaghbhairavof Kritipur, Jalabinayak of Chobhar, Gokrneshwor of Gokarna, Taleju Bhawani of Hanuman Dhoka, Palace of Bhaktapur, Kathmandu, Patan, Gorkha durbar, Nuwakot Darbar, westrn Nepal are some of the religious and culturally important monuments. Amar Narayan Temple situated in Tansen Palpa is also a famous structure. This temple constructed in traditional brick is important in terms of wooden art and architecture made in multi roofed style. This article has been developed in order to describe and anaylyze the different wooden art and architectural forms of the temple. This article is based on discretional and analytical research modality. Quantitative and Qualitative, informative data collection methods have been used in this research. Therefore, it is a descriptive article.}