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HUNTER, JOHN A., e JUDITH V. BECKER. "The Role of Deviant Sexual Arousal in Juvenile Sexual Offending". Criminal Justice and Behavior 21, n.º 1 (março de 1994): 132–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854894021001009.
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This article reviews the construct of deviant sexual arousal and its application to understanding juvenile sexual offending. In contrast to the relatively extensive investigation of deviant sexual interests in adult sex offenders, the juvenile offender literature is just beginning to emerge. Studies are reviewed relevant to the etiology of deviant sexual arousal in juveniles, its measurement, and attempts to alter such patterns through the application of cognitive-behavioral methodologies. The authors urge caution in comparing the etiology and clinical manifestation of deviant sexual behavior in juveniles and adults, and suggest that juvenile sex offenders represent a heterogeneous population with diverse evaluative and treatment needs.
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Baglivio, Michael T., e Kevin T. Wolff. "Distinguishing homicide, violent sexual, and violent juvenile offending". Journal of Criminal Psychology 7, n.º 2 (2 de maio de 2017): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcp-11-2016-0036.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine temperament differences, notably effortful control and negative emotionality, and correlates that distinguish between homicide, violent sexual and other violent juvenile offenders. Exploring heterogeneity among violent offenders is relevant to intervention strategies and policy implications. Design/methodology/approach Demographic measures, temperament constructs and individual risk factor indicators were assessed across 30,303 violent juvenile offenders (including 397 homicide offenders) in Florida to assess their ability to distinguish among violent juvenile offender subgroups. Findings Analyses demonstrated temperament constructs distinguish among classifications of violent juvenile offenders with effortful control differentiating homicide and violent sexual offenders from other violent offenders, and negative emotionality distinguishing violent sexual from other violent offenders, with youth having greater negative emotionality and less effortful control being non-sexual violent offenders. Homicide offenders were more likely to be older, male and had histories of gang membership and weapon/firearm offending than other violent offenders, and evidenced greater negative emotionality than violent sexual offenders. Originality/value The differences across violent youthful offender subtypes suggest heterogeneity among violent offenders with distinct correlates more predictive of some subtypes than others. Additionally, the temperament constructs of effortful control and negative emotionality are useful in distinguishing violent offender subtypes, which points toward differing intervention/treatment strategies.
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Losada-Paisey, Gloria. "Use of the MMPI—A to Assess Personality of Juvenile Male Delinquents Who are Sex Offenders and Nonsex Offenders". Psychological Reports 83, n.º 1 (agosto de 1998): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1998.83.1.115.
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The present study investigated the relationship between offender type and personality in 21 juvenile males adjudicated for crimes of a sexual nature and 30 juvenile males adjudicated for nonsexual offenses including Possession of Narcotics, Burglary, Criminal Mischief, Assault, and other crimes involving property. Subjects who were aged 13 to 17 years (mean age 15) and committed to the State of Connecticut, Long Lane School, were administered the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–Adolescent (MMPI–A). Scores on Psychopathic Deviate and Schizophrenia scales contributed most to the juveniles being classified as sex offenders, whereas scores on Hysteria and Psychasthenia contributed primarily to subjects being classified as nonsex offenders. A single discriminant function attained statistical significance, thereby correctly classifying 77% of the nonsex offenders and 71% of the sex offenders. Results indicate that sex offenders may be distinguished from nonsex offenders according to clinical scales of the MMPI–A.
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Proctor, Steven L., e Albert M. Kopak. "Mental health correlates of substance use behaviors among a nationally representative sample of juvenile offenders". Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and Practice 8, n.º 1 (15 de dezembro de 2021): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcrpp-09-2021-0053.
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Purpose This paper aims to extend previous findings by identifying the mental health correlates of both acute and chronic substance use behaviors among a large nationally representative sample of juvenile offenders. Design/methodology/approach Survey of Youth in Residential Placement interview data from 6,920 juvenile offenders (76% male) detained in 290 US facilities were analyzed to determine bivariate relationships between two indicators of substance use (acute and chronic) and seven mental health domains (depression/isolation, anxiety, anger, trauma, inattention, hallucinations and suicidality). Findings Prevalence rates of above average indications for all seven mental health domains were significantly higher among offenders under the influence of a substance at the time they committed their instant offense compared to those not under the influence. Offenders with above average indications in the seven studied mental health areas reported a higher level of chronic effects of substance use relative to those with average or below mental health indications. Practical implications The results have important implications for the assessment and treatment of co-occurring mental health issues among juvenile offenders with substance use issues. Juveniles with above average mental health indications may be more prone to experiencing a number of substance-related problems. Observed results may guide the implementation of routine assessment procedures at the juvenile detention level. Intake specialists should screen and administer comprehensive mental health assessments for juveniles who report substance intoxication at the time of their instant offense. Juvenile offenders who report clinical levels of mental health symptoms should receive a comprehensive assessment of substance use and related problems. Originality/value Although the co-occurrence of substance use and mental health issues among juvenile justice involved populations is well documented, previous research studies in this area have included a number of limitations. Relatively small offender sample populations, often from a single facility, warrant further work with a large, nationally representative sample of juvenile offenders. Inconsistency in measures of substance use and the failure to distinguish between acute and chronic measures of substance use in prior studies also require further investigation. This study contributes to the extant co-occurring substance use and mental health knowledge base by identifying the mental health correlates of both acute and chronic substance use behaviors among a large nationally representative sample of juvenile offenders.
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Đurđić, Savo. "TROŠKOVI ODBRANE U KRIVIČNOM POSTUPKU PREMA MALOLETNICIMA – ZAKONSKA REŠENjA I PROTIVREČNOSTI U SUDSKOJ PRAKSI". Glasnik prava X, n.º 1 (2022): 107–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/gp.1001.107dj.
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Article 79, para. 1 of the Law on Juvenile Criminal Offenders and Criminal Protection of Juveniles determines that the court may oblige a youth offender to bear the costs of the criminal proceedings and fulfil a claim for restitution, only if sentence has been passed on the youth offender. If an educational measure has been imposed on the youth offender or if the proceedings have been suspended, the costs of the proceedings are funded by budgetary sources while the injured party is instructed to file a lawsuit in order to satisfy the claim for restitution, except, as is provided under para. 2 of the Article thereof, in cases when the youth offender has an income or property. The reason for this is the fact that educational measures are imposed in the form of an order, in which case the offender is not pronounced guilty. Case law in this area has been inconsistent. However, pursuant to the rulings of the Supreme Court of Cassation and its position of June 30, 2015, uniformity, including the exceptions stated above, has been achieved in the application of the legal provision under Article 79, para. 1 of the Law on Youth Offenders. At the same time, juvenile judges point out that apart from ex officio defence lawyers, who must possess a certificate confirming their specialized knowledge in the area concerning rights of the child and juvenile delinquency, and whose reimbursement is 50% lower than the regular Lawyers’ Tariff, the right to a full reimbursement of the costs in the criminal proceedings involving youth offenders is increasingly claimed by defence lawyers hired by youth offenders themselves or by their representatives through a Power of Attorney, irrespective of whether they hold a certificate or not. This situation has led to a debate on the issue of defence costs in youth offender criminal proceedings, starting from legal provisions and case law. Finally, we propose that one of the contradictions arising from the practical application of Article 79 of the Law on Juvenile Criminal Offenders and Criminal Protection of Juveniles can be overcome by supplementing the provision outlined in para. 1 of the said Article.
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Stevanovic, Ivana. "New legislation on juveniles: Importance of alternatives to institutional treatment (in the light of the offender’s reintegration and victim’s empowerment)". Temida 9, n.º 1 (2006): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem0601061s.
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In this paper the author denotes some of the new legal provisions contained in the Law on juvenile offenders and criminal protection of juveniles of the Republic of Serbia, in the light of both the reintegration of juvenile offenders and future more active role of a victim of crime committed by a juvenile offender - the role that would contribute to victim?s empowerment. Likewise, the author points out the importance of alternative sanctions, i.e. procedures and measures that should enable diversion from the classic criminal procedure, or its suspension. The article signifies the importance of noncustodial measures as alternatives to institutional treatment, in terms of the new provisions contained in the Law.
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Trulson, Chad, e Jon Caudill. "Juvenile homicide offender recidivism". Journal of Criminal Psychology 7, n.º 2 (2 de maio de 2017): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcp-11-2016-0038.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine and explain the recidivism outcomes of a large cohort of juvenile homicide offenders three years following their release from institutional confinement. Design/methodology/approach Retrospective data were utilized to examine demographic, background, and institutional behavior variables on post-release recidivism of 247 juvenile homicide offenders. Analyses distinguish between capital and non-capital juvenile homicide offenders. Findings Descriptive analyses demonstrated a 50 percent recidivism rate among the sample of juvenile homicide offenders. Bivariate analyses revealed few significant differences between capital and non-capital homicide offending juveniles. Logistic regression analyses revealed that youth who were neglected prior to state institutionalization were significantly more likely to recidivate. Logistic regression also revealed that longer lengths of incarceration were associated with decreased odds of recidivism, while participating in assaultive behaviors against peers while confined aggravated the odds of recidivism. Research limitations/implications Implications related to the role that previous neglect, incarceration time, and institutional behavior can inform policymakers and practitioners on issues related to the treatment of juvenile homicide offenders while confined, and the impact that incarceration time and institutional behavior mean for post-release recidivism risk. Originality/value Little research has assessed the recidivism outcomes of juvenile homicide offenders, especially with a larger sample size. None have examined the differences between capital and non-capital homicide offending juveniles. As juvenile jurisdictions continue to retain more homicide offending juveniles (as opposed to their removal to adult systems), there is value to the research to inform policy and practice with such an enriched and problematic groups of offenders.
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Cox, Stephen M., Peter Kochol e Jennifer Hedlund. "The Exploration of Risk and Protective Score Differences Across Juvenile Offending Career Types and Their Effects on Recidivism". Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice 16, n.º 1 (17 de novembro de 2016): 77–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541204016678439.
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Despite an abundance of research on serious and violent juvenile offenders, few studies have linked juvenile offending career categories to juvenile court risk assessments and future offending. This study uses juvenile court referrals and assessment data to replicate earlier categorizations of serious, violent, and chronic offenders; to examine risk and protective score differences across these categories; and to assess whether risk and protective score constructs differentially predict adult criminality across these offender categories. Based on a sample of 9,859 juvenile offenders who aged out of Connecticut’s juvenile justice system between 2005 and 2009, we found that (1) our categorization of juvenile career types mirrored earlier work, (2) comparing risk and protective factors across and within juvenile career types identified distinct patterns, and (3) the juvenile risk and protective assessment subscales were not predictive of adult arrests for chronic offenders but were predictive for nonchronic juvenile career types.
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Syifanita, Sarah, e Naomi Soetikno. "The Role of Self-Esteem in Improving the Resilience of Juvenile Offenders". Philanthropy: Journal of Psychology 7, n.º 2 (30 de dezembro de 2023): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.26623/philanthropy.v7i2.8262.
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<p style="text-align: justify;"><em>Adolescents between the ages of 14 and 18 who commit crimes so that they must take responsibility for their actions by undergoing guidance at the </em>Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak <em>(LPKA) are called juvenile offender. Juvenile offenders, who are adolescents in their developmental period, certainly experience pressures caused by various changes in environmental conditions that they must face while serving a sentence in the LPKA. Therefore, a juvenile offender must have resilience. This study aims to examine whether there is an influence between self-esteem and resilience in foster children in LPKA. The participants of this study were 132 juvenile offenders consisting of 64 juvenile offenders of LPKA X and 68 juvenile offenders of LPKA Y. The research data were collected by distributing questionnaires of Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and Resilience Quotient (RQ) measuring instruments. The hypotheses were tested using the simple linear regression method. The test results show that self-esteem positively and significantly influences foster children's resilience in LPKA by 20.2%, p = 0.00 <0.05.</em></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>Self-esteem; Resilience; Juvenile offenders</em></p>
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DICATALDO, FRANK, e THOMAS GRISSO. "A Typology of Juvenile Offenders Based on the Judgments of Juvenile Court Professionals". Criminal Justice and Behavior 22, n.º 3 (setembro de 1995): 246–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854895022003004.
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This study sought to determine whether a cluster analysis of juvenile offender cases, based on the judgments of juvenile court professionals, would produce a typology similar to Quay's. The data consisted of juvenile court professionals' descriptions of 1,423 juvenile cases on 93 variables. A cluster analytic method and statistical stopping rules created three well-separated clusters of juvenile offenders, differing on demographic and offense variables. A number of hypotheses are offered for research aimed at better understanding how juvenile court professionals process case information and classify juvenile offenders.
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Jory, Brian, William Fleming e David Burton. "Characteristics of Juvenile Offenders Admitting to Sexual Activity with Nonhuman Animals". Society & Animals 10, n.º 1 (2002): 31–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853002760030860.
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AbstractThis study compared the family characteristics, victimization histories, and number of perpetration offenses of juvenile offenders who admitted to having had sex with animals to juvenile offenders who did not. The study found that 96% of the juveniles who had engaged in sex with nonhuman animals also admitted to sex offenses against humans and reported more offenses against humans than other sex offenders their same age and race. Those juveniles who had engaged in sex with animals were similar to other sex offenders in that they also came from families with less affirming and more incendiary communication, lower attachment, less adaptability, and less positive environments. Those juveniles who had engaged in sex with animals reported victimization histories with more emotional abuse and neglect and a higher number of victimization events than other offenders. This would seem to indicate that sex with animals may be an important indicator of potential or co-occurring sex offenses against humans and may be a sign of severe family dysfunction and abuse that should be addressed in the arenas of psychological intervention, juvenile justice programs, and public policy.
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Ruggiero, Dana, Belen Garcia de Hurtado e William R. Watson. "Juvenile Offenders". International Journal of Game-Based Learning 3, n.º 2 (abril de 2013): 112–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijgbl.2013040107.
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In this study, the authors examined juvenile offender experiences in Project Tech, a research-based educational pilot program to teach socially responsible serious game development at a major Midwest university’s Games Lab. Using open-ended interviews, learner feedback surveys, and learner journaling during the program, the researchers examined two questions pertaining to: (a) learner motivation, engagement, and meaning making; and (b) program feedback and critique to elicit program improvements as part of an iterative process. Responses were analyzed using inductive textual analysis and content analysis. Several learner themes emerged: game development as motivation, discovery learning (i.e., learning game development skills through trial and error) as engagement in game development, and meaning-making through designing games to teach a social issue. The authors link these findings to the research questions and implications, discuss discovery learning as it pertains to juvenile delinquency interventions, and identify new questions for the ongoing pilot program.
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Soulier, Matthew. "Juvenile Offenders". Psychiatric Clinics of North America 35, n.º 4 (dezembro de 2012): 837–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2012.08.005.
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Adetunji, Babatunde. "Juvenile Offenders". Psychiatric News 39, n.º 19 (outubro de 2004): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/pn.39.19.0390037a.
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Brown, Bernard J. "Juvenile offenders". Criminal Law Forum 2, n.º 2 (1991): 381–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01096511.
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Fagan, Jeffrey, Martin Forst e T. Scott Vivona. "Racial Determinants of the Judicial Transfer Decision: Prosecuting Violent Youth in Criminal Court". Crime & Delinquency 33, n.º 2 (abril de 1987): 259–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001112878703300204.
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In the past decade, juvenile justice policy has shifted from “the best interests of the child” to approaches blending punishment and rehabilitation. The result has been efforts to narrow juvenile justice system jurisdiction, especially for violent, serious, and chronic offenders. Judicial transfer is the most widely applied mechanism to remove juvenile offenders to criminal jurisdiction. Transferred youth, particularly violent offenders, often receive lengthy prison sentences. A disproportionate share of male, minority adolescents are arrested for serious and violent crime. Thus, the harsh consequences of transfer, compounded by racial disparities in both juvenile and criminal justice processes have major implications for serious juvenile offenders considered for transfer. Transfer as a juvenile court disposition has received little scholarly attention, and racial determinants of transfer have yet to be analyzed. This study examines racial differences in judicial transfer decisions for chronically violent delinquents in four urban juvenile courts. Though minority youth were transferred more often, race was not predictive of transfer in multivariate models combining offense and offender characteristics. Rather, offense characteristics and defendant's age at the time of the offense are the strongest contributors to the transfer decision. Murder, in particular, is a determinant of transfer. The results suggest that juvenile court judges have adopted implicit policies to reserve transfer for older violent offenders, especially those charged with capital crimes.
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Macanović, Nebojša, e Milica Pajić. "ODNOS MALOLJETNIH PRESTUPNIKA PREMA POČINJENOM KRIVIČNOM DJELU". Journal of Criminology and Criminal Law 60, n.º 2 (junho de 2022): 149–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.47152/rkkp.60.2.7.
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Juvenile delinquency is a serious problem today due to its negative social, emotional, physical and economic consequences that are present in communities in modern society. The study of juvenile delinquency is of particular importance to society because juvenile offenders are increasingly continuing their criminal activities as adults. Through the study of the scope, structure and dynamics of youth delinquency, the success of the implementation of social policy towards young people in general can be monitored. The aim of this paper is to determine the relationship between juvenile offenders, who are on the maintenance of an educational measure of sending to a correctional facility, and criminal offense they committed and the sanction imposed. These data can be important indicators for the creation and implementation of institutional re-education, as well as the process of resocialization. The research also presented data on the number of juvenile offenders in the Republika Srpska who were sentenced to an educational measure of sending them to an educational-correctional home, as well as institutions for the execution of this sanction. The results of the research indicate that the attitude of juvenile offenders towards the committed crime and the imposed sanction is an important indicator for creating an individualized program of re-educational work with juveniles and their resocialization in general. Also, through the answers of juveniles and their attitude towards the crime, we saw an increasingly pronounced criminogenic infection of juvenile offenders, as well as a disturbed value system.
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Hart-Kerkhoffs, L. ’t, R. Vermeiren, L. Jansen e T. Doreleijers. "Juvenile sex offenders: Mental health and reoffending". European Psychiatry 26, S2 (março de 2011): 2077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73780-4.
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BackgroundJuvenile sex offending all too often is the reason of public commotion and concern. About 20% of all rapes and 20–50% of cases of child abuse are perpetrated by juveniles. However little is known on the psychiatric characteristics and recidivism rates of these youths. In the present study the prevalence of psychopathology in (subgroups of) juvenile sex offenders and its relation with criminal recidivism two to four years later were investigated.MethodsSemi-structured psychiatric interviews (K-SADS-PL) and a parent-report questionnaire (CSBQ) were carried out with 106 adolescent sex offenders (mean age 15.0 ± 1.5 years, 60 group offenders, 27 solo rapists, and 19 child molesters) referred to the Dutch child protection agency and juvenile justice institutions. Recidivism was ascertained from registration systems.ResultsThree quarters of juvenile sex offenders met criteria for at least one psychiatric disorder and comorbidity was found in more than half of the subjects. Child molesters showed the highest rates of internalizing disorders and showed most pronounced autism spectrum disorder core symptomatology. Forty percent of juvenile sex offenders had committed multiple sexual offenses, but none recidivated sexually within the 2–4 years after the study. Compared to one time sex offenders, multiple sex offenders were higher in DBD and anxiety disorder.ConclusionChild and adolescent psychiatric care should be given to juvenile sex offenders, with particular attention to multiple sex offenders and child molesters. However, the predictive value of psychopathology for sexual recidivism remains unclear and warrants further research.
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Li, Jessica C. M., e Joseph Wu. "Validating an Indigenous Scale Measuring Neutralization Techniques among Chinese Juvenile Thieves". Psychological Reports 111, n.º 3 (dezembro de 2012): 971–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/16.02.09.pr0.111.6.971-984.
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Despite a large number of studies with Western samples on neutralization among juvenile offenders, similar investigations on this phenomenon in Chinese society are lacking. This paper aims to fill this gap in the literature by constructing a scale to measure the use of neutralization during offenses by Chinese juvenile offenders. A scale consisting of 13 items falling under 3 subscales, with a Cronbach's alpha ranging from .48 to .73 was used in a survey interview of 200 Chinese juveniles (95 boys, 105 girls; M age = 13.6 yr., range = 10–17) who had been arrested by the police for commission of theft. The data highlight the importance of not only developing and validating a measurement of neutralization specific to the offense and the offender, but also discussing individual differences among respondents in terms of their application of neutralization.
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Wiak, Krzysztof. "Measure of Penalty on Juvenile Delinquents Held Liable under the Penal Code". Teka Komisji Prawniczej PAN Oddział w Lublinie 6 (31 de dezembro de 2013): 184–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.32084/tkp.6312.
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Characteristic traits of the juvenile delinquents - persons who do not have a fully shaped personality or much life experience, and are susceptible to negative influences - are viewed as a sufficient reason for adopting separate principle of liability towards this category of offenders. The Author underlines that among basic principles of the Penal Law a significant place is taken by the determination of the offender's minimum age at which a young person stops to be a juvenile and can incur criminal liability on general terms (when an offender turned 17). According to art. 10, par. 2 of the Penal Code, it is allowed to treat a juvenile as an adult offender and punish him for an offence, when juvenile turned 15 and committed one of the acts prohibited under the regulations of the Penal Code (an attempt on the President's life, plain and felony murder, inflicting grievous bodily injury, causing a commonly dangerous situation, hijacking of a ship or an aircraft, causing disaster, aggravated sexual assault, qualified active assault on a public functionary, taking hostage or armed robbery) and the circumstances of the case, juvenile offender's stage of development, his traits and personal conditions warrant this, and when the previously applied didactic and corrective measures proved ineffective.
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Astuti, AM Endah Sri, Untung Sri Hardjanto e Yasrina Ziliwu. "Rehabilitation of Juvenile Througout Diversion Institution As an Effort of Recidive Offenses on Juvenile Offenders". SHS Web of Conferences 54 (2018): 08002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20185408002.
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The core of diversion in the settlement of the offense which is done by juveniles is to realize restoration of all damages caused of juvenile’s deviant behavior such as physical, psichic, and social damages and to prevent deviant behaviour in future. It was ironically, Indonesian Juvenile criminal Law prohibit to provide diversion to the juvenile who committes recidive offense. There is disadvantage to achieve the goal of deviant behaviour prevention. The purpose of this research is to know how does influence of rehabilitation on diversion process related with prevention of recidive offense, and what kinds of factors caused recidive offense on juvenile behaviour. There is empirical juridical method used in this research. This research found some results that the rehabiltation to the juveniles give some positive influences to the most of juveniles, but have no positive influences to certain juveniles, and made them committed recidive offenses. The dominant factors which give influences to the juveniles behavior are found in families and peers environment, and even in certain society where its social order has distorted by any certain group in society.
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Lockwood, Brian, Philip W. Harris e Heidi E. Grunwald. "Are They Buying or Selling Again? Estimating the Impact of Neighborhood-Level Contagion on Types of Juvenile Drug Recidivism". Crime & Delinquency 65, n.º 10 (26 de dezembro de 2018): 1455–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128718819959.
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We examine how the densities of adult and juvenile drug offenders within neighborhoods might be linked to the odds of juvenile recidivism due to drug sales and drug possession. To do so, we analyze a dataset of 5,528 juvenile offenders adjudicated in Philadelphia’s Family Court between 1996 and 2004 using multilevel models to estimate the effects of both individual- and neighborhood-level indicators on the odds of recidivism. The results indicate that community context is significantly related to the odds of juvenile recidivism due to drug sales, but not due to drug possession. Neighborhood levels of adult and juvenile drug offender densities are also shown to moderate the links between individual-level characteristics and the odds of juvenile drug sales recidivism.
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Kubrak, R. M., e V. M. Seheda. "PARTICULAR ISSUES OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY". Scientific Herald of Sivershchyna. Series: Law 2023, n.º 3 (23 de outubro de 2023): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32755/sjlaw.2023.03.021.
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In the article on the basis of the analysis the authors determine the dynamic changes over the past ten years in certain indicators of juvenile delinquency. The positive dynamics of reduction of the main quantitative indicators of juvenile delinquency is determined. In particular, the author provides a criminal law characterization of criminal offenses committed by juveniles. Among the criminal offenses committed by juveniles, there is a prevalence of offenses committed for mercenary motives, which is also characteristic of adult offenders. In the structure of juvenile delinquency, a significant numerical predominance of males is noted, but despite a significant numerical decrease in the number of female juvenile offenders, their share has remained relatively stable over the past ten years. More than half of the convicted juveniles serving their sentence in an educational colony comply with the established procedure for serving their sentence, prove their correction and are released on parole. Based on the results of the study, the authors conclude that the dynamics of reducing juvenile delinquency rates will remain stable in general, but the amount of annual quantitative changes will most likely decrease. At the same time, the elements of humanity and decriminalization will be further implemented in the punitive policy towards juvenile offenders. Key words: convicted juvenile, imprisonment, criminal offenses, personnel of penitentiary institutions, resocialization, educational colony, crime, prevention of criminal offenses.
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Harper, Craig A., e Ross M. Bartels. "Implicit Theories and Offender Representativeness in Judgments About Sexual Crime". Sexual Abuse 30, n.º 3 (1 de julho de 2016): 276–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1079063216658019.
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Implicit theories structure the way people understand and respond to various human actions. Typically, people believe attributes are either fixed (entitists) or malleable (incrementalists). The present study aimed to examine (a) whether attitudes toward sexual offenders differ depending upon one’s implicit theory about human nature and sexual offenders, and (b) whether implicit theories are associated with judgments made about different types of child abusers. A sample of 252 community participants was recruited. Their attitudes, implicit theories, and political orientation were assessed via self-report. One of three vignettes describing an incidence of child sexual abuse was then presented. The cases were identical except the perpetrator was either an adult male, an adult female, or a male juvenile. Participants then made judgments about the offender’s deserved sentence and moral character. Entitists (across both domains) held more negative attitudes than incrementalists, although the magnitude of the difference was greatest when examining implicit theories about sexual offenders. Compared with those with an incremental theory of sexual offenders, entity theorists judged sexual offending to be more (a) indicative of the perpetrator’s moral character and (b) deserving of punishment. However, scores were greater toward the adult male relative to the adult female and juvenile. The findings suggest that implicit theories about sexual offenders are domain specific. They also indicate that judgments made by those with an entity theory (about sexual offenders) are affected by whether a case is representative of a stereotypical sexual offender. Implications of the findings are discussed, along with limitations and future research.
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Heide, Kathleen M., Cedric Michel, John Cochran e Norair Khachatryan. "Racial Differences Among Juvenile Homicide Offenders: An Empirical Analysis of 37 Years of U.S. Arrest Data". Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, n.º 11-12 (20 de julho de 2017): 2111–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517721173.
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Homicides by juvenile offenders have been of great interest to the public and policymakers in the United States for four decades. Despite the concern over young murderers, many analyses have been limited to small clinical samples. Empirical studies using Supplementary Homicide Report (SHR) data, a national database maintained by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, have largely concentrated on analyzing basic victim, offender, and offense data or exploring gender differences. Racial differences, when explored with respect to juvenile homicide offenders (JHOs), largely have concentrated on White and Black offenders, given the low percentage involvement of American Indians and Alaskan Natives, and Asian and Pacific Islanders. This article used 37 years of SHR data (1976-2012; n = 52,916) to investigate differences between the four racial groups (White, Black, American Indian/Alaskan Native, and Asian American/Pacific Islander). This article focused on three questions: First, did the offender and offense characteristics of all JHOs arrested during the study period vary by race? Second, did the characteristics of victims, weapons used, crime circumstances, and offender count in incidents in which JHOs killed single victims differ across racial groups? Third, are offender, victim, and offense characteristics predictive of racial classification? Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted. The findings revealed more similarities than differences across the racial groups. Multinomial regression analyses revealed, however, that several variables were found to distinguish racial groups of JHOs in a predictive way: region, location, White victim, family victim, gun use, and homicide circumstance. Importantly, American Indian/Alaskan Native and Asian/Pacific Islander JHOs significantly differed from White and Black JHOs. In contrast to media depiction, gang-related homicides were significantly more likely to involve Asian/Pacific Islander juveniles than juveniles from the other racial groups. Implications of the findings and directions for future research are discussed.
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Hughes, Steven A., Craig Deville, Micheline Chalhoub e Richard Romboletti. "The Rorschach Human Anatomy Response: Predicting Sexual Offending Behavior in Juveniles". Journal of Psychiatry & Law 20, n.º 3 (setembro de 1992): 313–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009318539202000303.
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Inspired by the pioneering work of Seghorn and Cohen on the psychology of the rapist, this study compared the relational maturity of nearly 100 juvenile offenders with the level of violence associated with actual crimes committed. Relational maturity was measured through analyses of the human-content response of the Rorschach Inkblot Test administered to each subject. It was predicted that juvenile offenders with the lowest degree of relational maturity, as measured by the production of poor Rorschach human content (lungs, bones, heart, stomach), were more likely to commit sex crimes than those juveniles with higher relational maturity with good Rorschach human content (two people dancing). The data generated support the notion that juvenile sex offenders’ Rorschach responses show poor relational maturity and produce human-anatomy responses as compared with other offenders. The discussion introduces an object-relational explanation to these findings. The usefulness of the Rorschach Inkblot Test as a measure of relational development of juvenile offenders was also generated. Recommendations conclude our discussion about the need for continued research on the relational development of sex offenders and on the human-anatomy response as an indicator of sexual dangerousness.
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Ajzenstadt, Mimi. "Reactions to Juvenile Delinquency in Israel, 1950–1970: A Social Narrative". Journal of Policy History 17, n.º 4 (outubro de 2005): 404–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jph.2005.0020.
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This article follows the ways through which the concept of juvenile delinquency has been created in the legal and social discourse in Israel. It compares the discourse and resulting social policies regarding juvenile delinquency mainly in two social groups: “middle-class” offenders (youth from high socioeconomic families who immigrated to Israel before 1948); and “lower class” offenders (Middle Eastern “Oriental” youth from low socioeconomic families who came mainly during the 1950s from Asia Minor and North Africa). Societal reactions to juvenile delinquency during the period studied were highly variable, depending on the ethnicity, gender, and social class of the offender.
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BECKHAM, WALTER H. "Juvenile Traffic Offenders: Should Juvenile Traffic Offenders Be Tried in Juvenile Court?" Juvenile Court Judges Journal 8, n.º 1 (18 de março de 2009): 11–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-6988.1957.tb00150.x.
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Kunts, Elena V. "GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND PRINCIPLES OF ASSIGNING CRIMINAL PENALTIES TO MINOR OFFENDERS". Oeconomia et Jus, n.º 4 (23 de dezembro de 2021): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/2499-9636-2021-4-64-70.
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The article discusses the general principles and the principles applied when imposing punishments to minors who have committed crimes. Juvenile delinquents are the social base of organized crime. Juvenile delinquency harms the personal development of the minor offender himself, thereby contributing to continuing the minor's criminal activity. The research results confirm that a significant number of serious offenders began their criminal activities being minors. Correction of juvenile offenders is very important, that is, formation of stable skills of an honest attitude to work. Precise execution of laws and respect for them. Crimes committed by minors, despite the degree of their study, the share of crimes committed by minors in the total number of crimes is on average 10–12% and these are only registered official data, which means that real statistics can be 1.5–2 times higher. The above-stated points to the problem of illegal behavior of minors and the need to find effective ways to impose penalties to juvenile offenders.
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Upchurch, Elizabeth. "Putting Focus Back on the Family: Using Multisystemic Therapy and Regionalized Incarceration as Alternatives to the Texas Youth Commission". Texas Wesleyan Law Review 15, n.º 1 (outubro de 2008): 161–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/twlr.v15.i1.7.
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For the reasons explored in detail in this Comment, the Texas juvenile justice system should be reformed to eliminate the TYC. In its place, Texas should implement locally-managed multisystemic therapy (MST) programs that focus on eliminating risk factors for delinquent behavior and strengthening the family in order to assure long-term maintenance of acceptable behavior. Participation in MST is community- based and allows the juvenile to remain at home during treatment. This should be the first line of defense in assisting juveniles in overcoming delinquent behavior. As a result, incarceration of juveniles should be reserved only for serious or habitual offenders, and these facilities should be regionalized in order to keep juveniles connected with their families and involved in their communities. Research suggests that MST is cost effective, reduces recidivism rates, and keeps youth integrated within their families and communities. Section II of this Comment explores the history and origins of the TYC, reforms implemented in the TYC since its formation, general offender statistics and trends, reports and investigations of abuse and neglect in recent years, and recommendations made by the recent Blue Ribbon Task Force as to the direction and suggested future reform of the TYC. Section III of this Comment evaluates MST as an alternative to incarcerating juvenile offenders. It specifically explores studies proving MST to be cost-effective and productive, and it details the underlying principles of the MST approach. Additionally, Section III analyzes the necessity of "last resort" regionalized incarceration facilities in order to rehabilitate the most serious and habitual offenders. It reviews the success of the "Missouri Model" and establishes why a similar model in the State of Texas would be cost-effective and would reduce recidivism rates among juveniles released from those facilities.
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Sharanov, Yuri, e Nataliya Galkina. "Implementation of individually oriented rehabilitation programs with juvenile offenders in view of the specifics of their guilt experience". Vestnik of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia 2023, n.º 2 (29 de junho de 2023): 228–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.35750/2071-8284-2023-2-228-235.
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Introduction. The development of restorative justice continues to be a topical activity area of the subjects of the juvenile delinquency prevention system over the past decades. The need for its development stems from the high need of state and public institutions to increase the humanistic orientation and scientific validity of traditional measures of criminal law impact on juvenile offenders. The existing rehabilitation programs first of all focus on the application of educational measures to a juvenile offender. At the same time, law enforcement practice largely continues to follow the principles of «adult», mainly punitive justice, and when conducting traditional rehabilitation programs with juvenile offenders, the specifics of their guilt experience are not taken into account.
Methods. In the course of experimental work carried out at the Temporary Detention Center for Juvenile Offenders of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the Perm Region (hereinafter referred to as the Center), not only the psychological characteristics of juvenile offenders that led to the formation of delinquent behavior, but also the specifics of their experience of guilt for the offense committed were studied.
Results. The reliable data obtained in the course of empirical research served as the basis for sound theoretical generalizations and the development of individually oriented rehabilitation programs, which creation experience is analyzed in this article.
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Panagos, Konstantinos. "Victim’s interests and the role of probation officers in victim-offender mediation: Theoretical analysis and the Greek juvenile justice system". Temida 23, n.º 1 (2020): 79–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem2001079p.
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The present paper focuses on the role of probation officers for juvenile offenders in victim-offender mediation and on the main challenges for the protection of victims? interests. The general nature of probation officers? duties has been characterized as ?offender-focused?. However, according to the Directive 2012/29/EU, restorative justice includes processes through which the victim and the offender can participate actively in resolving the problems that occur from the offence, with the help of an impartial third party. The Greek juvenile justice system will be examined as a case study. The analysis reveals that the Greek legislator has adopted a ?quasi-restorative? practice that promotes juvenile offenders? rehabilitation and socialization. This fact raises concerns regarding the ?legitimation? of mediation process from a victimological perspective. Special emphasis is given to the significance of the informed consent that should be provided by the victims in order to participate in the process based on the procedural justice theory.
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Umbreit, Mark S., e Robert B. Coates. "Cross-Site Analysis of Victim-Offender Mediation in Four States". Crime & Delinquency 39, n.º 4 (outubro de 1993): 565–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128793039004010.
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This article reports on the first cross-site analysis of victim-offender mediation programs in the United States, working with juvenile courts in Albuquerque, Austin, Minneapolis, and Oakland. A total of 1,153 interviews were conducted with victims and offenders. These included pre- and postmediation interviews and the use of two comparison groups. Court officials were interviewed and 28 observations of mediations were conducted. The vast majority of victims and offenders experienced the mediation process and outcome as fair and were quite satisfied with it. Mediation resulted in significantly greater satisfaction and perceptions of fairness for victims, as well as significantly higher restitution completion by offenders, than found in comparison groups. Some implications for juvenile justice policy are offered.
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Reale, Kylie, Evan McCuish e Raymond Corrado. "The Impact of Juvenile Sex Offending on the Adult Criminal Career". Sexual Abuse 32, n.º 4 (24 de junho de 2019): 400–422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1079063219858073.
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Although past studies demonstrated the heterogeneity of the criminal career patterns of juveniles with sexual offenses (JSOs), such studies did not directly assess whether JSOs have different adult offending outcomes compared with juvenile nonsex offenders. Using data on a subsample of males from the Incarcerated Serious and Violent Young Offender Study, JSOs ( n = 78), juveniles with violent offenses (JVOs; n = 550), and juveniles with nonviolent offenses (JNVOs; n = 281) were compared across a variety of adult offending outcomes. JSOs were not associated with a specific trajectory of general offending in adulthood, nor were they associated with a range of adult criminal career parameters (e.g., frequency, severity, specialization, and versatility). However, a range of other indicators of juvenile offending were associated with general offending in adulthood. For juvenile males who experience incarceration, many elements of their offending history mattered for adult offending outcomes, but not sexual offending. Policy implications for treatment and management are discussed.
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Oshevskiy, D. S., e N. G. Nazarova. "The semantic sphere of juvenile offenders". Psychology and Law 6, n.º 4 (2016): 58–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/psylaw.2016060407.
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The article presents the results of a preliminary empirical study aimed to identify features of the semantic sphere of adolescents who have committed illegal, including aggressive acts. The study included 50 male juveniles aged of 16 - 17 years. The first group consisted of adolescents convicted of aggressive and violent crimes; the second – of property socially dangerous acts (SDA). It is shown that evaluation of such adolescents is generally categorical and polar, the semantic field is subdifferentiable, less hierarchic, and has not enough realistic structure of meanings. Developed structure of motives and meanings is the basis of voluntary regulation of socially significant behavior. Thus, assessing the semantic sphere of juvenile offenders we can highlight its characteristics as risk factors of unlawful behavior, as well as the resource side, that will contribute to addressing issues of prevention and correction of unlawful behavior. Key words: juvenile offenders, semantic field of juvenile offenders, unlawful behavior.
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Lukavac, Jelena. "Juvenile sex offenders". Pravo - teorija i praksa 34, n.º 1-3 (2017): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ptp1703025l.
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Lyons, Earl J. "Juvenile Traffic Offenders". Juvenile and Family Court Journal 4, n.º 2 (30 de julho de 2009): 13–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-6988.1953.tb00453.x.
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BERLINER, LUCY. "Juvenile Sex Offenders". Journal of Interpersonal Violence 13, n.º 5 (outubro de 1998): 645–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/088626098013005006.
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BECKER, JUDITH V., e SCOTIA J. HICKS. "Juvenile Sexual Offenders". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 989, n.º 1 (24 de janeiro de 2006): 397–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07321.x.
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Folino, Jorge O., e Elizabeth L. Mayer. "Juvenile offenders assessment". Current Opinion in Psychiatry 24, n.º 5 (setembro de 2011): 436–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/yco.0b013e328349bb92.
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Carpentier, Julie, Benoit Leclerc e Jean Proulx. "Juvenile Sexual Offenders". Criminal Justice and Behavior 38, n.º 8 (1 de junho de 2011): 854–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854811407730.
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The aim of the study was to identify the factors associated with age of onset of sexual aggression, and variety and desistance of criminal activity, among adolescent sexual aggressors. The sample consisted of 351 adolescents ( M age = 15.8 years, SD = 1.8) who were assessed in an outpatient psychiatric clinic between 1992 and 2002. Recidivism data were collected after a mean follow-up period of 8 years. Hierarchical logistic regression analyses demonstrated that some variables related to childhood and adolescent development discriminated among participants who went on to follow different criminal activity trajectories. Indices of early antisocial behaviors (aggressive behavior, antisocial traits) were associated with early activation of a pattern of sexual offending as well as a polymorphic criminal career in adolescence. Findings supported previous research indicating that most adolescent sexual offenders who persist in a criminal career commit a variety of offenses and do not specialize in sexual crimes.
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Ryan, Eileen P. "Juvenile Sex Offenders". Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America 25, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2016): 81–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2015.08.010.
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Vizard, E., S. Wynick, C. Hawkes, J. Woods e J. Jenkins. "Juvenile Sexual Offenders". British Journal of Psychiatry 168, n.º 3 (março de 1996): 259–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.168.3.259.
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Oates, Kim. "Juvenile sex offenders". Child Abuse & Neglect 31, n.º 7 (julho de 2007): 681–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2007.05.003.
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Makhurane, Forget. "The Involvement of Stakeholders in Promoting the Wellness of Juvenile Offenders in Selected South African Correctional Schools". European Journal of Education 3, n.º 1 (15 de maio de 2020): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/215wmr86k.
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The main focus of the study was to explore the involvement of stakeholders in promoting the wellness of juvenile offenders in South African correctional schools. Two teachers and three juveniles were purposefully selected to complete open ended questionnaires from two juvenile centres in the Western Cape province of South Africa. The major aim of the study was to identify how different stakeholders can facilitate the attainment of wellness among juvenile offenders. The ubuntu and wellness theories were used as lenses to carry out the study. Research ethic procedures were followed. In order to get livid experience of participants, qualitative method was used to collect and analyse data. Findings revealed that stakeholder involvement varied with some being more involved while others were lacking. This compromised effective rehabilitation. It was recommended that the involvement of stakeholders should be intensified in order to have a greater impact on the rehabilitation of juvenile offenders.
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Wijkman, Miriam, Catrien Bijleveld e Jan Hendriks. "Juvenile female sex offenders: Offender and offence characteristics". European Journal of Criminology 11, n.º 1 (30 de abril de 2013): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477370813479077.
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Hempel, Inge, Nicole Buck, Maaike Cima e Hjalmar van Marle. "Review of Risk Assessment Instruments for Juvenile Sex Offenders". International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 57, n.º 2 (5 de dezembro de 2011): 208–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x11428315.
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Risk assessment is considered to be a key element in the prevention of recidivism among juvenile sex offenders (JSOs), often by imposing long-term consequences based on that assessment. The authors reviewed the literature on the predictive accuracy of six well-known risk assessment instruments used to appraise risk among JSOs: the Juvenile Sex Offender Assessment Protocol-II (J-SOAP-II), Juvenile Sexual Offence Recidivism Risk Assessment Tool-II (J-SORRAT-II), Estimate of Risk of Adolescent Sexual Offence Recidivism (ERASOR), Juvenile Risk Assessment Scale (JRAS), Structured Assessment of Violent Risk in Youth (SAVRY), and Hare Psychopathy Checklist:Youth Version (PCL:YV). Through a systematic search, 19 studies were reviewed. Studies showed differences in the predictive accuracies for general, violent, and sexual recidivism, and none of the instruments showed unequivocal positive results in predicting future offending. Not unexpectedly, the accuracy of the SAVRY and PCL:YV appeared to be weaker for sexual recidivism compared with specialized tools such as the J-SOAP-II or the ERASOR. Because of the rapid development of juveniles, it is questionable to impose long-term restrictions based on a risk assessment only. New challenges in improving risk assessment are discussed.
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Gallassi, Andrea Donatti, Samantha Lima dos Santos, Vagner dos Santos, Eduardo Yoshio Nakano, Benedikt Fischer, Ana Lúcia Galinkin e Gabriela Arantes Wagner. "Factors associated with recidivism among adolescents girls in conflict with the law in an institution in Brasília, Federal District, Brazil". Cadernos de Saúde Pública 31, n.º 12 (dezembro de 2015): 2569–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00171014.
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Abstract Recidivism is a challenge for the Brazilian socio-educational system because it is associated with personal, social and environmental factors, especially among juvenile offenders. This study examined key characteristics and potential association with recidivism in 391 female adolescent offenders from a correctional institution in Brasília, Federal District, Brazil, between 2004 and 2011. Cross-sectional data on socio-demographics, drug use and offense characteristics from institutional information were examined. Associate factors with recidivism were examined using negative binomial regression analyses. 32.5% of offenders were recidivists at present admission and the mean frequency of recidivism among recidivists was 2.16. About half (53.6%) of the sample reported drug use. After the adjustment, recidivism was positively associated with: age; offender’s drug use; residence status; offense type; and no family drug use. Factors associated with juvenile offenders’ recidivism confirm findings from elsewhere, and should inform targeted interventions in Brazil.
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Park, Ho-Hyun. "Action plan for juvenile justice: Focusing on Disposal No. 6". Korean Society of Private Security 23, n.º 2 (30 de junho de 2024): 31–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.56603/jksps.2024.23.2.31.
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The Juvenile Act is based on juvenile protectionism by being stated that it aims to help that juveniles grow soundly by doing necessary measures such as protective measures to adjust the environmental adjustment and correct behavior of juvenile offenders with anti-social behavior as well as special measures of criminal punishment on Article 1 of the Act. In addition, the Act establishes the role and function of government through the ‘Parens patriae(parent patriot)’ for juveniles in order to avoid treating them as adults in the criminal punishment. The reason why this ideological value is contanined in the Juvenile Act is because juveniles are less physically and mentally mature than adults and can quickly reflect on individual wrongdoings. In particular, the Juvenile Act, since its enactment in 1958, has been amended four times in 1963, 1977, 1988, and 2007 to resolve the substantive and procedural problems in the Act under the goal of having juvenile offenders go back to society through the edification and correction. However, it is also true that juvenile crimes and violent crimes are not decreasing, and that they tend to become more ferocious and cruel, even compared to adult crimes. As a result, this is also the reason of being claimed for the abolition of the Juvenile Act and lowering the age of juvenile protection in the Act. However, those claims cannot be the only way to solve juvenile crimes and violent crimes. Therefore, within the basic framework of juvenile protectionism contained in the Juvenile Act, measures must be prepared to solve juvenile crimes and violent crimes. This point of view, this study aims to find the solutions of the problems to juvenile protective disposition which has the normative and factual issues. In particular, it will find the meaning and value of disposal No. 6 that is protection disposition, entrusting custody to a child welfare facility or other juvenile protection facility under the Child Welfare Act, and the problems with disposal No. 6 in the Juvenile Act, furthemore, it will focus on presenting political measures to reduce the problems of disposal No. 6 in the Act Juveniles must not simply be objects of punishment or stigma. Government has to establish institutional system in other that juveniles can grow properly as citizens of the country. This institutional system should be able to make juvenile protection measures fulfill its role through human and financial support for preventing second conviction of juvenile offenders.
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McShane, Marilyn D., e Frank P. Williams. "The Prison Adjustment of Juvenile Offenders". Crime & Delinquency 35, n.º 2 (abril de 1989): 254–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128789035002005.
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While young adult offenders have traditionally been characterized as making a poor adjustment to institutional life, the juvenile incarcerated in an adult facility represents a potentially greater problem. This study examined adjustment after separating the young violent offenders into two groups: those who committed their crimes prior to age 17 and those who committed crimes between 17 and 21. Juvenile inmates were almost twice as likely to be problem inmates, resulting in their not working or earning good-time credit. They were also three times more likely than their slightly older counterparts to be in the most restrictive custody grades. With current legislation enabling the continued incarceration of juveniles in adult facilities, administrators should adopt strategies to manage this special population more effectively.