Artigos de revistas sobre o tema "Jewish War Veterans of Canada"
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Geheran, Michael J. "Remasculinizing the Shirker: The JewishFrontkämpferunder Hitler". Central European History 51, n.º 3 (setembro de 2018): 440–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000893891800064x.
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AbstractThis article examines the impact of Nazi persecution on the gender identity of German-Jewish veterans of World War I. National Socialism threatened to erase everything these Jewish men had achieved and sacrificed. It sought to destroy the identity they had constructed as soldiers in the service of the Fatherland, as well as the high status they had earned asFrontkämpfer(front-line fighters) in the Great War, upon which their sense of masculinity identity rested. Although diminished and disempowered by Nazi terror, Jewish veterans were able to orient themselves toward hegemonic ideals of martial masculinity, which elevated military values as the highest expression of manhood, giving them a space to assert themselves and defy the Nazi classificationJew. For the Jewish men who fought in World War I, the Nazi years became a battle to reclaim their status and masculine honor. They believed that the manner in which they handled themselves under the Nazis was a reflection of their character: as men who had been tried and tested in the trenches, their responses to persecution communicated their identity as soldiers, as Jews, and as Germans.
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Burgard, Antoine. "‘The fight on educating the public to equal treatment for all will have to come later’: Jewish Refugee Activism and Anti-Immigration Sentiment in Immediate Post-War Canada". London Journal of Canadian Studies 34, n.º 1 (14 de novembro de 2019): 103–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14324/111.444.ljcs.2019v34.006.
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Canadian immigration policy of the 1930s and 1940s was the most restrictive and selective in the country’s history, making it one of the countries to take the smallest number of Jewish refugees fleeing the Nazi persecution. After the war, Canada slowly opened its borders, but only through small token gestures in 1947 and 1948. This article explores how the main Canadian Jewish organization lobbied for the welcoming of more Jewish refugees and migrants in the immediate aftermath of the war. It examines how their perception of the public’s anti-Jewish immigrant sentiment and of the Canadian immigration policy’s discriminatory mechanisms informed their strategies. During that period, the Canadian Jewish Congress prioritized constant and subtle action with the government instead of trying to set up mass mobilization campaigns. This strategic shift is an overshadowed but essential chapter of both Jewish and human rights histories in Canada. This article invites a re-evaluation of Jewish activism’s role in ending ethnic selection in the Canadian immigration policy and promoting refugee rights. It contributes to broadening our understanding of how minority groups lobbied and worked with hostile media and authorities.
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Campbell, Lara. "“We who have wallowed in the mud of Flanders”: First World War Veterans, Unemployment and the Development of Social Welfare in Canada, 1929-1939". Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 11, n.º 1 (9 de fevereiro de 2006): 125–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/031134ar.
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Abstract During the Great Depression, First World War veterans built on a history of post-war political activism to play an important role in the expansion of state-sponsored social welfare. Arguing that their wartime sacrifices had not been properly rewarded, veterans claimed that they were entitled to state protection from poverty and unemployment on the home front. The rhetoric of patriotism, courage, sacrifice, and duty created powerful demands for jobs, relief, and adequate pensions that should, veterans argued, be administered as a right of social citizenship and not a form of charity. At the local, provincial, and national political levels, veterans fought for compensation and recognition for their war service, and made their demands for jobs and social security a central part of emerging social policy.
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Crim, Brian E. "Comrades Betrayed: Jewish World War I Veterans under Hitler Michael Geheran". Holocaust and Genocide Studies 35, n.º 3 (1 de dezembro de 2021): 476–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hgs/dcab042.
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Nielsen, Philipp. "Comrades Betrayed: Jewish World War I Veterans under Hitler by Michael Geheran (review)". Antisemitism Studies 7, n.º 1 (março de 2023): 208–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/ast.2023.a886000.
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Organ, Barbara. "Open Your Hearts: The Story of the Jewish War Orphans in Canada". Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses 28, n.º 2 (junho de 1999): 259–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000842989902800232.
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Struthers, James. "“They suffered with us and should be compensated”: Entitling Caregivers of Canada's Veterans". Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 26, S1 (2007): 117–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cja.26.suppl_1.117.
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ABSTRACTThis article examines the struggle to win lifetime eligibility for selected home care benefits provided through the Veterans Independence Program (VIP) for veterans' widows in recognition of their years of unpaid caregiving – a policy change eventually implemented between 2003 and 2004. It explores how arguments on their behalf shifted from discourses of dependency, cost-saving, and compassion to ones of entitlement and commemoration between 1981 and 2004 as the large cohort of Second World War veterans and their wives moved towards the end of their lives. This policy victory for veterans' widows marked a historic shift in mandate for Veterans Affairs Canada and an important recognition by the state of unpaid caregiving as a form of national service. If Canadians are to learn from this example, however, it must be through seeing all caregiving labour – not just that of veterans' wives – as equally heroic and worthy of compensation.
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R. Scott Sheffield. "Veterans' Benefits and Indigenous Veterans of the Second World War in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States". Wicazo Sa Review 32, n.º 1 (2017): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5749/wicazosareview.32.1.0063.
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Engel, Charles C., Kenneth C. Hyams e Ken Scott. "Managing future Gulf War Syndromes: international lessons and new models of care". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 361, n.º 1468 (24 de março de 2006): 707–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2006.1829.
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After the 1991 Gulf War, veterans of the conflict from the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and other nations described chronic idiopathic symptoms that became popularly known as ‘Gulf War Syndrome’. Nearly 15 years later, some 250 million dollars in United States medical research has failed to confirm a novel war-related syndrome and controversy over the existence and causes of idiopathic physical symptoms has persisted. Wartime exposures implicated as possible causes of subsequent symptoms include oil well fire smoke, infectious diseases, vaccines, chemical and biological warfare agents, depleted uranium munitions and post-traumatic stress disorder. Recent historical analyses have identified controversial idiopathic symptom syndromes associated with nearly every modern war, suggesting that war typically sets into motion interrelated physical, emotional and fiscal consequences for veterans and for society. We anticipate future controversial war syndromes and maintain that a population-based approach to care can mitigate their impact. This paper delineates essential features of the model, describes its public health and scientific underpinnings and details how several countries are trying to implement it. With troops returning from combat in Afghanistan, Iraq and elsewhere, the model is already getting put to the test.
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Chanco, Christopher. "Refugees, Humanitarian Internationalism, and the Jewish Labour Committee of Canada 1945–1952". Canadian Jewish Studies / Études juives canadiennes 30 (26 de abril de 2021): 12–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/1916-0925.40182.
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This article examines the humanitarian internationalism of the Jewish Labour Committee of Canada (JLC) between 1938 and 1952. Throughout WWII, the JLC sent aid to European resistance movements, and in its aftermath participated in the “garment workers’ schemes,” a series of immigration projects that resettled thousands of displaced persons in Canada. Undertaken independently by the Jewish-Canadian community, with the assistance of trade unions, the projects worked to overcome tight border restrictions and early Cold War realpolitik. In doing so, the JLC united Jewish institutions, trade unionists, social democrats, and anti-fascists across Europe and North America. It also acted in a pivotal moment in the evolution of Canada’s refugee system and domestic attitudes toward racism. As such, the JLC’s history is a microcosm for the shifting nature of relations between Jews, Canada, and the left writ large.
Cet article examine l’internationalisme humanitaire du Jewish Labour Committee du Canada (JLC) entre 1938 et 1952. Tout au long de la Deuxième Guerre mondiale, le JLC a envoyé de l’aide aux mouvements de résistance européens et a participé, après l’armistice, aux « garment workers’ schemes », une série de projets d’immigration qui ont permis de réinstaller des milliers de personnes déplacées au Canada. Entrepris indépendamment par la communauté juive canadienne et avec l’aide de syndicats, ces projets ont permis de surmonter les restrictions frontalières et la realpolitik du début de la guerre froide. Ce faisant, le JLC a réuni des institutions juives, des syndicalistes, des sociaux-démocrates et des antifascistes de toute l’Europe et de l’Amérique du Nord. Il a également agi à un moment charnière de l’évolution du système canadien d’octroi de l’asile et des attitudes de la population à l’égard du racisme. En tant que telle, l’histoire du JLC est un microcosme de la nature changeante des relations entre les Juifs, le Canada et la gauche au sens large.
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Omori, Hisako. "Rite of Redemption." Paragrana 22, n.º 1 (junho de 2013): 71–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/para.2013.0007.
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Abstract Across Canada, people commemorate the lives of fallen soldiers by wearing red poppy flower pins for Remembrance Day on November 11. In recent years, Canadians have increasingly taken pride in the symbols used in Remembrance Day, such as poppy flowers and a poem called In Flanders Fields. The day celebrates the notions of sacrifice, belonging, and the nation state of Canada. Japanese Canadians also celebrate this holiday by wearing poppies and remembering the war dead. World War II, however, marked a turning point for the lives of second generation Japanese Canadians. The majority of them were interned in the “relocation camps” during the war years as “enemy aliens” irrespective of their Canadian citizenship status. This paper will describe a present-day Remembrance Day service held in a Japanese Canadian Christian congregation in Ontario, in which its veterans are remembered. The article argues that this ritual of remembrance reverses the historical and social location of Japanese Canadians from those who were the victims of the war to those who were contributors to it, enabling Japanese Canadians to assert their rightful position in Canadian society. This paper also includes a discussion of the author’s personal transformation of historical consciousness about World War II and being Japanese in Canada during this research.
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Jones, Faith. "A Chimney on the Canadian Prairies: Yiddish-Language Libraries in Western Canada, 1900 to the Present". Judaica Librarianship 12, n.º 1 (31 de dezembro de 2006): 49–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14263/2330-2976.1096.
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Yiddish book culture did and does exist in Western Canada, even outside the vibrant Jewish culture of Winnipeg, in communities whose geographic isolation from the Yiddish-speaking centers may seem extreme. Two libraries may serve as examples of the variety of manifestations of Yiddish reading in these localities: the library of the farm community of Edenbridge, Saskatchewan, which may be said to be emblematic of cultural organization in these rural colonies, which existed from before World War I until the 1960s; and the Kirman Library at the Vancouver Peretz Centre for Secular Jewish Culture, itself an unusual example of a Yiddish secular school, which is now the last specifically Yiddish library in Western Canada. Finally, the meaning of Yiddish books in these independent libraries, far from institutional support or a critical mass of Jews, is examined.
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Kasprzycki, Remigiusz. "Rozczarowania i animozje polskich kombatantów w latach 30. XX wieku". Studia Historyczne 60, n.º 4 (240) (29 de dezembro de 2018): 47–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/sh.60.2017.04.03.
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Disappointment and Animosities among Polish Combatants in the 1930s
The Polish combatant environment was extremely divided in the 1930s, even among members of the same organisations. This is confirmed by a 1935 report by the Ministry of the Interior. The strongest accusations and assaults were directed against Polish and Jewish legionnaires by the national press — including in the papers Polska Narodowa, Falanga and books like Kazimierz Dołega’s Żydzi w czasie walk o niepodległość Polski. War veterans were supposed to be idols and models for society, particularly youths. The divided combatants were hardly able to live up to those ideals.
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Roberman, Sveta. "Commemorative Activities of the Great War and the Empowerment of Elderly Immigrant Soviet Jewish Veterans in Israel". Anthropological Quarterly 80, n.º 4 (2007): 1035–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/anq.2007.0063.
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Drewniak, Dagmara. "Memory and Forgetting in Lisa Appignanesi’S the Memory Man". Studia Anglica Posnaniensia 47, n.º 4 (1 de dezembro de 2012): 163–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10121-012-0017-5.
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AbstractThe aim of this paper is to look at Lisa Appignanesi’s novel The memory man ([2004] 2005), which won the 2005 Holocaust Literature Award, and examine the patterns of remembering and forgetting as indispensable aspects conducive to the formation of Jewish identity. The main character of the book, Bruno Lind, a Holocaust survivor and a scientist dealing professionally with the complicated neurological issues of remembering and losing memory, tries to recollect his war memories during a journey to the places of his youth which are at the same time the sites of his and his family’s trauma. The Holocaust, change of identities, the war memories and finally the stay at the DP camps and escape to Canada return to Bruno Lind’s mind in order to be passed onto the next generation and remembered. This article shows Appignanesi’s novel as an important contribution to the discussion on the role of memory in Jewish identity.
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Herman Kaurić, Vijoleta. "The Struggle for Commemorating the World War I Centenary as an Illustrative Example of the Attitudes Towards That War in Croatia". Drustvena istrazivanja 32, n.º 2 (31 de julho de 2023): 255–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5559/di.32.2.04.
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The commemoration of the World War I Centenary (2014–2018) was the most important social event in the last decade in the developed countries of Western Europe, especially Britain and France, and in the former British dominions, Canada and Australia. In contrast to these victorious countries, the countries defeated in the war (primarily Germany and Austria) had a significantly more modest and different approach to the commemoration. The emphasis was on all war victims, soldiers and civilians, regardless of which side of the war they had fought on. Since Croatia, as a former part of Austria-Hungary, found itself in a completely new state union after it was united with the Kingdom of Serbia after the war, veterans were ill-advised to mention their participation in the war on the wrong side. It was no better after the end of World War II, when one victor's narrative replaced another, and made the mentioning of formerly existing monarchies completely unacceptable. All these facts influenced attitudes towards World War I, which was almost completely forgotten in Croatia over time.
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Reese, Roger. "Ten Jewish Red Army Veterans of the Great Patriotic War: In Search of the Mythical Representative Soldier’s Story". Journal of Slavic Military Studies 27, n.º 3 (3 de julho de 2014): 420–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13518046.2014.932635.
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Libionka, Dariusz, e Philip Earl Steele. "On Military Assistance to the Fighters of the Jewish Ghetto in Warsaw". Polish Review 68, n.º 4 (1 de dezembro de 2023): 3–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/23300841.68.4.01.
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Abstract This article describes and analyzes the coalescence and subsequent evolution of the accounts of military assistance provided to the Jewish fighters in the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising of April and May 1943. The author carefully illustrates the way these accounts, already during the war, were crafted to serve the contrasting political purposes of their differing narrators, and how the swiftly snowballing stories were thereby distorted above all by self-aggrandizement and, conversely, the belittling of ideological opponents. Indeed, in significant aspects the story-telling was outright hijacked by con men who fabricated whole episodes of coming to the ghetto's assistance. Thus, in weaving together the conflicting, often mythic accounts of Polish communists, former members of the Home Army and other underground organizations, and Jewish veterans of the Jewish Fighting Organization during the postwar decades, a narrative tapestry was created—only to begin to unravel in the 1980s, to become threadbare in the 1990s, and to disintegrate in the first decade of the twenty-first century owing to thorough-going archival research. What remains is the powerlessness of those in Nazi-occupied Warsaw to meaningfully aid one another—and thereafter to come to terms with that powerlessness. The paper concludes with an admonition regarding certain of today's penchants for state-led historical policy.
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Stanger-Ross, Jordan. "Citystats and the History of Community and Segregation in Post-Second World War Urban Canada". Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 19, n.º 2 (23 de julho de 2009): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/037746ar.
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Abstract This article introduces an open access website—citystats.uvic.ca —designed to facilitate historical scholarship on ethnicity in post-Second World War Canada. Citystats offers access to two sociological measures of urban residential patterns, D and P*, applying the measures to the ethnic origins variables in the Canadian census for all urban areas since 1961. D, the index of dissimilarity, is the most common gauge of urban residential patterns, describing the extent to which ethnic groups are evenly (or unevenly) distributed across the city. P*, a measurement of the exposure of groups to one another, provides historians with a summary of the everyday surroundings of urban residents. The article explains the measures and highlights some puzzling patterns in the history of urban Canada, especially the segregation of Jewish Canadians and the relative integration of Aboriginal people. Just as scholars might be expected to know (at least approximately) the number of people comprising the group that they intend to study, they should also, I argue, be aware of their distribution across urban space and their exposure to other urbanites.
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Ambrose, Linda M. "On the Edge of War and Society: Canadian Pentecostal Bible School Students in the 1940s". Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 24, n.º 1 (12 de maio de 2014): 215–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1025001ar.
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During World War II the Pentecostal Assemblies of Canada put forth arguments on behalf of bible college students concerning military service exemptions, chaplaincy appointments, and veterans’ benefits. The paper deals specifically with the Rev. J.E. Purdie, Principal of the Western Bible College in Winnipeg, his efforts on behalf of his students, and one particularly complex case where attempts were made to have the student exempted from serving, and failing that, to have him appointed as a military chaplain. After the young man’s premature release from service, Purdie argued that he should be entitled to veteran’s benefits to pay for his bible college training. What initially appeared as a bid to protect the individual rights of one young conscript was in fact part of a much larger effort as Pentecostals asserted their right (and by extension the right of other marginal religious groups) to be included in the broader liberal framework in Canada. This case study is significant because it addresses themes of public religion, specifically how Pentecostals challenged the ‘liberal order framework,’ by attempting to carve out recognition for themselves among the religious groups that were acknowledged as legitimate players in Canada’s public affairs.
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Zemel, Carol. "Memory in the Present Tense: Vera Frenkel’s Diaspora Art". IMAGES 11, n.º 1 (5 de dezembro de 2018): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18718000-12340101.
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AbstractVera Frenkel’s video and installation work focuses on the complexities of intercultural relations and identities, always raising issues of uncertainty, fantasy, and cultural expectations. Born in Bratislava in 1938, carried by her mother out of Europe on the eve of war, Frenkel came to Canada as a teenager, studied sociology at McGill University, and turned to art to explore the passages and perplexities of Canadian diasporic life. While there is little that is insistently Jewish in her art, the work draws unmistakeably on modern Jewish experience, and extends its impact to a wider, multi-cultural world.My paper focuses on four works. With a ground-breaking use of internet technology, String Games (1974) plays on the game of Cat’s Cradle to link disparate and distant communities. …from the Transit Bar (1992–) constructs a train station bar as a site of social and political flight, with Yiddish prominent among a babble of languages. Body Missing (1993), an interactive internet site, continues the journey—as viewers follow clues in pursuit of the Shoah’s ‘missing bodies.’ The recent video installation Blue Train (2014) again invokes flight and promise, melding danger and opportunity. With Jewish history and experience a recurrent theme, Frenkel’s art explores the pressures of and pleasures in Canada’s cultural mosaic.
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Shternshis, Anna. "Between the Red and Yellow Stars: Ethnic and Religious Identity of Soviet Jewish World War II Veterans in New York, Toronto, and Berlin". Journal of Jewish Identities 4, n.º 1 (2011): 43–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jji.2011.0010.
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Faidiuk, Olena, e Tetiana Liakh. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL SERVICES PROVIDED TO FEMALE COMBATANTS AND VETERANS IN UKRAINE AND ABROAD". SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 3 (28 de maio de 2021): 243–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2021vol3.6382.
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The war in Eastern Ukraine has been going on since 2014. This situation has led to new challenges for the social sphere, in particular, the construction of a system of social services for combatants and veterans. Female combatants and veterans need gender-specific services adopted to this particular category. Since the experience of social assistance to this specific category of clients of social work in Ukraine is limited, there is a need to study the experience of other countries to address the issue.The purpose of the article is to analyze the peculiarities of women's military service and the system of social protection of this category in Ukraine and abroad.The article analyzes the experience of Australia, Israel, Spain, Canada, Korea, Poland, the USA, and Croatia in implementing the policy of social protection of combatants. The authors identify the main types of services and assistance to this category provided by the legislation in other countries.The authors of the article used the method of theoretical analysis of scientific works and legal documents that describe and regulate the mechanism of social protection of servicemen/servicewoman in different countries; compare the key aspects and features of women's military service in different countries and systematize the list of social services and structures responsible for providing various social services.
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Eum, Hyun-sup. "Korean War Database Development and Application -Focused Primarily on Veterans’ Journals and Oral Narratives from Europe, the United States, and Canada-". Korean Language and Literature in International Context 82 (30 de setembro de 2019): 339–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31147/iall.82.13.
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Dzyra, Olesia. "RELATIONS BETWEEN UKRAINIAN PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS IN CANADA IN 1918–1939: CONFLICTS ON IDEOLOGICAL AND CONFESSIONAL GROUND". Almanac of Ukrainian Studies, n.º 24 (2019): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2520-2626/2019.24.12.
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The article describes the division of the Ukrainian community of Canada in the interwar period into a number of public and political organizations. The focus is on the national and patriotic bloc, which opposed the communist one. The basis of this bloc constituted liberal the Ukrainian self-reliance league of Canada, nationalist the Ukrainian war veterans association in Canada, the Ukrainian national federation of Canada, conservative the Ukrainian catholic brotherhood of Canada, and the United hetman organization. The basis of the various conflicts in the bloc, including differences in ideological postulates of liberal, nationalist and conservative societies and views on the religion of Orthodox and Greek Catholics who were members of the organizations mentioned above are analyzed in the study. It is described how opposing parties resisted against each other, and what role the press played in those conflicts. The article also enlightens attempts of agreements between public organizations and mentions joint actions to support the Ukrainian issue in the world. The common goal could reconcile the national and patriotic public associations at the time of the formation of the Ukrainian Canadian Committee on November 7, 1940, which marked a new stage in the social and political life of the Ukrainian Diaspora, as it was emphasized in the article. The reasons that hindered Ukrainian societies from reaching a mutually acceptable consensus and promoted further aggravation of relations were elucidated. The main consequences of conflicts in the environment of national and patriotic public organizations were identified, namely how it was reflected in the social and political life of the Ukrainian diaspora during the interwar period, how it was perceived by the ruling circles of Canada, and how it was used by the communist groups.
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Baum, Gregory. "Blatant Injustice: The Story of a Jewish Refugee From Nazi Germany Imprisoned in Britain and Canada During World War II (review)". University of Toronto Quarterly 76, n.º 1 (2007): 581–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/utq.2007.0009.
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Markovits, Andrei S. "Obituary: Peter Pulzer". German Politics and Society 41, n.º 3 (1 de setembro de 2023): 122–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/gps.2023.410307.
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The world of German, Austrian, and Jewish studies, but also that of comparative politics and British affairs, lost one of its great ones! Peter Pulzer lived the first nine years of his life in a turbulent Vienna witnessing a brief civil war between the Socialists and their clerical-conservative, Austro-fascist, and right-radical opponents, the triumph of Austro-Fascism, and its demise at the hand of the Nazis whose Anschluss in 1938 annulled Austria's existence as an independent country. Peter grew up in a deeply assimilated, middle-class Jewish family that was close to the Social Democratic Party and had the young boy classified as konfessionslos in his elementary school devoid of Jewish kids where Peter was categorized alongside a few Protestant boys in a predominantly Catholic environment. Peter's classification did not prevent him from being forced to attend a Jews-only school that was far away from his home. He witnessed how his father and grandfather were violently removed from their apartment and how his father joined the Israelitische Kultusgemeinde—the official organization of the Jewish community—much to his chagrin, since Peter's father deemed himself completely a-religious as well as ethnically apart from Jews. It was not until Yom Kipur of 1938, when Peter was nine years old, that a family friend took Peter to a synagogue where Peter came to see the “Torah.” This friend also taught Peter Hebrew, which his parents accepted as constituting an asset for a possible emigration to Palestine. Other hopeful possibilities were the Anglophone world of Britain, Canada, the United States, and Australia, with Britain emerging as the ultimate option by dint of a retired Anglican clergyman from Hertfordshire sponsoring the family! Peter maintained close contact with this man's family throughout his life.
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Blaff, Ari. "Snowbirds Spotted in Cuba: Canadian Jewish Congress on The Global Stage in the 1960s". Canadian Jewish Studies / Études juives canadiennes 31 (18 de maio de 2021): 41–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/1916-0925.40208.
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The American Jewish community has historically overshadowed Canadian Jewry. In population size, political prestige, and global influence, the power imbalance between American- and Canadian-Jewish organizations throughout the twentieth century has anchored popular understandings of North American Jewish affairs as one dominated by the U.S. Whereas the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (JDC) shepherded international Jewish causes throughout this period, its Canadian analogue, the Canadian Jewish Congress (CJC), never achieved such stature. However, on an island ninety miles from the U.S. coast, the fragile geopolitics of the Cold War conspired to recast this relationship. The Castro Revolution initiated a process which culminated in the severing of U.S.-Cuban ties in 1961, leaving a precarious Cuban Jewish community vulnerable. Canada’s geographic proximity and close institutional ties with American Jewry transformed the CJC’s role as the primary caregivers of Cuban Jewry. Consequently, the sundering of American-Cuban relations elevated the CJC to a position of strategic prominence on the international stage ultimately overshadowing its larger, and more illustrious, cousin to the south in Cuba. La communauté juive américaine a historiquement éclipsé la communauté juive canadienne. En termes de population, de prestige politique et d’influence mondiale, le déséquilibre de pouvoir entre les organisations juives américaines et canadiennes tout au long du XXe siècle a ancré la compréhension populaire que les affaires juives nord-américaines étaient dominées par les États-Unis. Alors que le American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (JDC) a dirigé des causes juives internationales tout au long de cette période, son analogue canadien, le Congrès juif canadien (CJC), n’a jamais atteint une telle stature. Cependant, sur une île située à quatre-vingt-dix milles des côtes américaines, la fragile géopolitique de la guerre froide a contribué à modifier cette relation. La révolution de Castro a lancé un processus qui a abouti à la rupture des liens américano-cubains en 1961, laissant une communauté juive cubaine précaire vulnérable. La proximité géographique du Canada et les liens institutionnels étroits avec la communauté juive américaine ont transformé le rôle du CJC en tant que principal allié de la communauté juive cubaine. Par conséquent, la rupture des relations américano-cubaines a élevé le CJC à une position d’importance stratégique sur la scène internationale, éclipsant finalement à Cuba son plus grand et plus illustre cousin du sud.
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Lerner, Paul. "Comrades Betrayed: Jewish World War I Veterans under Hitler By Michael Geheran. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2020. Pp. 294. Cloth $34.95. ISBN: 978-1501751011." Central European History 55, n.º 1 (março de 2022): 166–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000893892200019x.
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Winegard, Timothy C. "“Now it is all over…I am practically No-Body”: Indigenous Veterans of Canada and Australia and the Great War for Civilization". First World War Studies 10, n.º 1 (2 de janeiro de 2019): 12–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19475020.2019.1701517.
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Hilding, Paul. "Taps". After Dinner Conversation 2, n.º 7 (2021): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/adc20212760.
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Do you have the right, or even the obligation, to disobey laws that you find personally unjust? In this work of philosophical short story fiction, John is a trumpet player that is called by the VA to play taps at the funeral of a Vietnam veteran. He plays at many funerals for veterans as a penance for having fled to Canada to avoid the draft. John goes to the bridge where Daniel previously lived and finds his camp, complete with purple heart and copy of The Collected Dialogues of Plato. Daniel marked several pages in “Crito” outlining the death of Socrates. Like John, Daniel had disagreed with the war, but decided to serve anyway. Upon his return he went to college, but had a breakdown and was unable to finish. John visits the local church, and visits Daniel’s sister. In the end, he plays taps at Daniel’s funeral while still coming to terms with his own, different, choices.
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Finder, Gabriel. "Proces Szepsla Rotholca a polityka kary w następstwie Zagłady". Zagłada Żydów. Studia i Materiały, n.º 2 (2 de dezembro de 2006): 221–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32927/zzsim.188.
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This article follows the postwar trial of Shepsl Rotholc. Rotholc was a successful interwar boxer for the Jewish sports club Gwiazda who was a Polish national champion in the flyweight class. In the Warsaw ghetto he joined the ranks of the Jewish police [służba porządkowy]. After the war survivors accused Rotholc of mistreating them during deportations from the ghetto, and the Central Committee of Polish Jews (Centralny Komitet Żydów w Polsce), the principal representative of the postwar Jewish community in Poland in the immediate aftermath of the Holocaust, put him on trial in November 1946 in its recently established citizens’ tribunal [sąd społeczny], whose charter authorized it to determine whether a Jew suspected of reproachable behavior under the German occupation of Poland “behaved in a manner befitting a Jewish citizen” [“zachował postawę godną obywatela-Żyda”]. Rotholc was the first defendant to be tried before the citizens’ tribunal [sąd społeczny] of the CKŻP.
At his trial Rotholc denied the charge that he had abused fellow Jews in the ghetto. By his own account, he had joined the Jewish police to support his family because under the color of his authority and thanks to his reputation in the boxing ring he was able to protect smugglers who compensated him for his assistance. He even claimed to have rescued members of his family and friends from deportation. Defense witnesses painted a different picture. His alleged victims repeated their accusations of his mistreatment of them during roundups, and postwar Jewish leaders who had taken part in the Jewish underground vilified the Jewish police in the ghetto.
The citizens’ tribunal [sąd społeczny] of the CKŻP found Rotholc guilty of violating its charter. The basis for his conviction was not his mistreatment of fellow Jews but rather his continued service in the Jewish police after the conclusion of the first wave of deportations from Warsaw in September 1942, when, the judges reasoned, the Germans’ true intentions not to resettle but to murder the Jews of Poland was unmistakable. In accordance with sanctions authorized in its charter, the tribunal [sąd społeczny] expelled Rotholc from the Jewish community for two years, revoked his right to participate in communal activities for three years, and ordered publication of his conviction in the Jewish press. After two years Rotholc petitioned for and received a commutation of his sentence. He then left Poland and immigrated to Canada.
After Rotholc an additional twenty-four Jewish defendants were tried in the citizens’ tribunal [sąd społeczny] of the CKŻP through the end of 1949. Of these, eighteen, including Rotholc, were found guilty, while seven were acquitted. The cases of an additional fifty suspected Jewish collaborators were dropped by lawyers for the CKŻP because of the lack of incriminating evidence. Although Rotholc’s conviction was to be expected, the subsequent record of the tribunal [sąd społeczny] suggests that it took seriously the agonizing task of identifying putative collaborators from within the ranks of the Jewish remnant in postwar Poland and acted with a fair share of judicial integrity.
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Wright, James R. "Kurt Aterman, MUDR, MB, BCh BAO HONS, DCH, MRCP, PhD, DSc, FRCPath: “A Small Man With a Very Large Cerebrum and a Soul to Match”". Pediatric and Developmental Pathology 23, n.º 5 (14 de maio de 2020): 337–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1093526620923459.
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Kurt Aterman was raised in the Czech-Polish portions of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire during World War I and the interwar period. After completing medical school and beginning postgraduate pediatrics training in Prague, this Jewish Czech physician fled to England as a refugee when the Nazis occupied his homeland in 1939. He repeated/completed medical training in Northern Ireland and London, working briefly as a pediatrician. Next, he served in the Royal Army Medical Corp in India, working as a pathologist. After the war and additional pathology training, he spent the next decade as an experimental pathologist in Birmingham, England. After completing a fellowship with Edith Potter in Chicago, Aterman spent the next 2 decades as a pediatric-perinatal pathologist, primarily working in Halifax, Canada. Fluent in many European languages, he finished his career as a medical historian. Aterman published extensively in all 3 arenas; many of his pediatric pathology papers were massive encyclopedic review articles, accurately recounting ideas from historical times. Aterman was a classical European scholar and his papers reflected this. Aterman was one of the founding members of the Pediatric Pathology Club, the predecessor of the Society for Pediatric Pathology. This highly successful refugee’s writings are important and memorable.
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Liu, Lili. "Occupational therapy in the Fourth Industrial Revolution". Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy 85, n.º 4 (outubro de 2018): 272–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0008417418815179.
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Background. While occupational therapy’s inception was from the Arts and Crafts movement and the moral treatment movement with war veterans, the profession has evolved to requiring a professional entry-level master’s degree to practice, and involves complex relationships with clients across the life span. Throughout history, a consistent impact of each industrial revolution has been the loss of jobs to automation. This consequence is even more profound today with the exponential growth of innovations and automation. Purpose. The objectives of this article are to (a) set the context by reviewing the evolution, or five eras, of occupational therapy in Canada; (b) present what is meant by the “Fourth Industrial Revolution”; and (c) examine the technological innovations faced by occupational therapists and our clients as we enter the “sixth” era of occupational therapy in Canada. Key Issues. Although occupational therapy, as a profession, has low risk for automation, a great number of our clients will not be able to reskill fast enough to keep up with job market requirements. Telerehabilitation, the Internet of Things, virtual reality, 3-D printing, robotics, artificial intelligence, and autonomous vehicles are challenging ways occupational therapists provide services to clients. Implications. It is recommended that occupational therapists engage with disciplines beyond current typical connections, as our expertise is called upon to advocate for ourselves and our clients who are end users of these technologies.
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Procházka, Filip. "Karel Bergman – jeden ze dvou a půl tisíce; z Trhové Kamenice mezi příslušníky Royal air force". Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae – Historia 73, n.º 3-4 (2022): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/amnph.2019.011.
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This article addresses the destiny of an ordinary man, Karel Bergman – a civilian who fought for the freedom of his nation. It seeks to describe the life of a man for whom entry into the Czechoslovak foreign armed forces was not easy, but who did his very best for his country. The article also commemorates the sad destiny of his family – as Karel Bergman was a Czechoslovak Jew. Karel Bergman was one of the 2 500 Czechoslovak airmen in the RAF. He was not a pilot or an air crew member; his duties were different; but men in his line of duty ought also to be remembered. Karel Bergman was born into a Jewish family in the small town of Trhová Kamenice in East Bohemia. After his studies he entered the family business and supported his local community, as did other Jewish families there. When the situation in Czechoslovakia became harder for Jewish people, he left his country for the United Kingdom. There he started his own business and employed refugee women. He was called up to the Czechoslovak army in exile, but his recruitment was postponed several times due to his work for refugees. When he entered the Czechoslovak army in exile, he took up his duties as interpreter and translator. He served as translator in the 312th Czechoslovak Fighter Squadron, for Fighter Command and other units. When World War II ended, he was demobilised and tried to engage in a normal life as the sole survivor from his family, his mother and sister and other members of his family having been murdered in Nazi concentration camps. Upon returning to his homeland, he met a friend of his cousin’s and married her. Later, because of the communist party takeover in Czechoslovakia, he left his homeland with his wife and stepdaughter for Canada. A job was offered to him in the United Kingdom, enabling him and his family to stay there. He later bought the company in which he worked. Karel Bergman died on 14 September 1983 at a UK airport, and his ashes were scattered at the Dřevíkov Jewish cemetery in Czechoslovakia.
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Kella, Elizabeth. "Affect and Nostalgia in Eva Hoffman’s Lost in Translation". Studia Anglica Posnaniensia 50, n.º 2-3 (1 de dezembro de 2015): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/stap-2015-0020.
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Abstract This article examines the affective terrain of Poland, Canada, and the US in Eva Hoffman’s autobiographical account of her migration and exile in Lost in Translation: A Life in a New Language (1989), the text that launched Hoffman’s reputation as a writer and intellectual. Hoffman’s Jewish family left Poland for Vancouver in 1959, when restrictions on emigration were lifted. Hoffman was 13 when she emigrated to Canada, where she lived until she went to college in the US and began her career. Lost in Translation represents her trajectory in terms of “Paradise,” “Exile,” and “The New World,” and the narrative explicitly thematizes nostalgia. While Hoffman’s nostalgia for post-war Poland has sometimes earned censure from critics who draw attention to Polish anti-Semitism and the failings of Communism, this article stresses how Hoffman’s nostalgia for her Polish childhood is saturated with self-consciousness and an awareness of the politics of remembering and forgetting. Thus, Hoffman’s work helps nuance the literary and critical discourse on nostalgia. Drawing on theories of nostalgia and affect developed by Svetlana Boym and Sara Ahmed, and on Adriana Margareta Dancus’s notion of “affective displacement,” this article examines Hoffman’s complex understanding of nostalgia. It argues that nostalgia in Lost in Translation is conceived as an emotion which offers the means to critique cultural practices and resist cultural assimilation. Moreover, the lyricism of Hoffman’s autobiography becomes a mode for performing the ambivalence of nostalgia and diasporic feeling.
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Kartasiński, Kamil. "Polish Veterans of the Polish Armed Forces in the West: Who Decided to Emigrate to the USA and Canada after World War II – an Oral History Perspective". Prace Historyczne 146, n.º 3 (2019): 549–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20844069ph.19.031.10385.
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Abella, Irving M. "Blatant Injustice: The Story of a Jewish Refugee from Nazi Germany Imprisoned in Britain and Canada during World War II, and: Searching for Justice: An Autobiography (review)". Canadian Historical Review 87, n.º 3 (2006): 503–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/can.2006.0071.
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Яшин, Вадим. "IN THE CLAMP OF TOTALITARISM: SPECIAL DEPARTMENT «VINETA» AND ITS UKRAINIAN STAFF MEMBERS. HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL AND PROSOPOGRAPHICAL NOTES". КОНСЕНСУС, n.º 2 (2024): 112–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31110/consensus/2024-02/112-136.
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The article establishes, identifies and attributes the biographies of a part of the personnel of the special department "Vineta" of the Ministry of Education and Propaganda of the Reich, and examines the common elements of the biographies of the staff members of the Ukrainian editorial office and the translation staff of this special department. The goal of the article is to establish and identify the personnel of the Ukrainian translation staff of the central (Berlin) apparatus of the "Vineta" special department of the Ministry of Education and Propaganda of the Reich in 1941-1944, their biographical attribution, establishing the presence and research of the nature of their interpersonal and corporate ties, common elements and features of biographies. The methodological basis of the research was the principles of objectivity, historicism, and systematicity. The methods of historical-typological, historical-biographical and prosopographic research are applied. Scientific novelty of the publication. For the first time, the biographies of a part of the personnel of the special department "Vineta" of the Ministry of Education and Propaganda of the Reich were established, identified and attributed, and the common elements of the biographies of the staff of the Ukrainian editorial office and the translation staff of the special department were investigated. It is shown that the staff of "Vineta" included well-known linguists, philologists, literary experts, translators, journalists, artists, etc., participants in liberation struggles and activists of political emigration. The article summarizes the data and examines the elements of the "Vinetа" stage of their life path, establishes unknown facts of their pre-war biographies, common and similar features of the latter. Conclusions. Ukrainian intellectuals, artists or high-level specialists were invited to work in the Ukrainian editorial office of the “Vineta” special department. The common biographical feature of the staff is intellectual creative activity, pursuit of literature, journalism, fine arts, etc. in Europe or the USSR; repression by the Soviet authorities. Most of them worked in educational and scientific institutions in Berlin, Prague, Warsaw, Kyiv, etc. during the interwar period. The participants of the Ukrainian Revolution of Liberation identified in the article were veterans of the 3rd Iron Division of the Active Army of the Ukrainian People's Republic. The corporate connections of the rest were: participation in political activities, membership in political organizations, joint professional, scientific and artistic activities. In the post-war period, a certain number of staff members settled in Munich and/or left for Canada, the USA, Argentina and Australia. Most of the former employees of the special branch continued their activities even after the war in the fields of politics, economy and culture.
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Iggers, Wilma A., e Georg G. Iggers. "Blatant Injustice: The Story of a Jewish Refugee from Nazi Germany Imprisoned in Britain and Canada during World War II, by Walter W. Igersheimer and edited by Ian DarrachBlatant Injustice: The Story of a Jewish Refugee from Nazi Germany Imprisoned in Britain and Canada during World War II, by Walter W. Igersheimer and edited by Ian Darrach. Footprints series. Montreal, Québec and Kingston, Ontario, McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2005. xxix, 231 pp." Canadian Journal of History 41, n.º 2 (setembro de 2006): 447–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjh.41.2.447.
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Prylutska, Ludmila. "Problems of organization and activities of guerrillas of Ukraine during the summer of 1941-1942 from the point of view of the modern western historiography". V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University Bulletin "History of Ukraine. Ukrainian Studies: Historical and Philosophical Sciences", n.º 32 (12 de julho de 2021): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2227-6505-2021-32-05.
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The article analyzes the peculiarities of western scientists’ coverage of the problems of organization and effectiveness of the guerrilla movement in Ukraine, which, in their opinion, had a rather complex and ambiguous phenomenon. The role of various factors that took place in the creation and leadership of the detachments, including both the factor of upper leadership of the movement, and the factor of spontaneity, has been examined. The circumstances that served as an accelerator for its expansion in 1943 have been clarified; the thesis of the "nationwide struggle against the Nazi invaders", to which western scientists have always been skeptical, has been considered from a critical point of view. There are some contradictions in the works of historians of Western Europe, the United States, Canada and other countries to the estimation of the effectiveness of guerrilla action. The authors did not ignore the typical problems associated with the attitude of Soviet leaders to the seemingly excessive independence of the guerrillas. Western historians also clarify the relationship between the guerrillas and the local community, which has not always been cloudless. In addition, they constantly emphasize the indifference of guerrilla leaders to the events of Holocaust. Moreover, as a rule, partisans of Jewish origin often felt protected from anti-Semitic manifestations only in mono-ethnic Jewish detachments. The situation of girls and women guerrillas was rather difficult; many of them were forced to become mistresses of certain captains due to the aggressive behavior of male guerrillas. It should be highlighted that the classic work of D.A. Armstrong (1922-2010), Professor of the University of Wisconsin, "Soviet guerrillas. Legend and Reality, 1941-1944” stated that by the autumn of 1942 there were almost no guerrillas in Ukraine. The exceptions were the regions of Sumy and Chernihiv; according to his estimates, even at the beginning of 1943 there were no more than 20,000 guerrillas in Ukraine. It is noteworthy that the historical department of the US Army during the Cold War was monitoring closely the Soviet publications on the activities of Soviet guerrillas. In 1965 the bibliography of books, essays, memoirs, and collections of documents on the guerrillas group in the occupied territory of the USSR, which was collected there, figured up to 227 titles. Western scientists supported the formula of the "involuntary Resistance Movement" that existed in the occupied lands not only in Ukraine. According to them, the activities of the guerrillas had more psychological and political significance than purely military one - that is, the population should have felt that they were the representatives of the Soviet government.
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Carroll, Francis M. "When the Irish invaded Canada: the incredible true story of the Civil War veterans who fought for Ireland’s freedom; Under the starry flag: how a band of Irish Americans joined the Fenian revolt and sparked a crisis over citizenship". Irish Studies Review 27, n.º 4 (11 de setembro de 2019): 585–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09670882.2019.1666483.
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Muthu, Yega. "Supporting Evidence from the DSM and ICD Classifications to Better Understand Traumatic Experiences, PTSD in Law". Journal of Politics and Law 14, n.º 3 (7 de março de 2021): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v14n3p22.
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This paper will discuss the recognition of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in legal cases based on the historical development of the Diagnostic Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM). Further the discussion will draw on the diagnostic relationship between the DSM and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). It is important to understand how the courts received evidence in relation to a person’s traumatic experience and to define the limits of liability for psychiatric illness cases. In tort law, the courts had been cautious to permit recovery to underserving litigants. Interpreting traumatic experiences from psychiatry to law, at times, do not succeed in a claim for compensation. Belanger-Hardy opined ‘Tort Law has always viewed mental harm with caution, not to say scepticism’. Historically, compensation for PTSD claims have always been awarded on ad hoc basis in tort law for fear of opening the floodgates. In Saadati v Moorhead , Brown J acknowledged the requirement of a psychiatrist to diagnose a psychiatric disorder by referring to DSM and ICD classifications. The diagnostic manual is a guide book and should be used with caution. The DSM Manual also explains the concept of malingering and practitioners should be cautious when preparing an expert report to assist the court.
It is argued the courts are trying to play catch up with psychiatry, however, in its deliberations pronouncing inappropriate policy decisions, hampering recovery for a deserving claimant in tort law. Ultimately, Judges control the goal posts for awarding damages in trauma related cases.
Historically, PTSD was defined as railway spine, shell shock, traumatic neurosis, accident neurosis and fright neurosis. Medical science established there is a relationship between the mind and body and the mind can only function in the body. Therefore, if the mind is affected by an external factor, the psyche may become muddled to develop post traumatic symptoms.
This paper will examine the method adopted by practitioners and judges in interpreting the manual. This is seen from a methodological assessment of diagnostic concordance in the light of inherent problems of psychiatric classifications and malingering. This assessment will ultimately relate to psychiatric classification of individual patients who are subjected to an intense trauma resulting in fear and helplessness. Hence, unable to relate to what had taken place and subsequently not able to realize that the psyche is muddled or disorganized. In the absence of an actual physical lesion, the courts have become sceptical and wary of extending the defendant’s liability to cover alleged damage such as psychiatric illness. The inherent fears are that evidence can be confabulated and based on false premise. Hence, the courts make a linguistic interpretation in view of the struggle between the law and psychiatric illness.
Furthermore, the discussion will capture the essence of PTSD which was introduced in the 1970’s and adopted in DSM-III in 1980 by the American Psychiatric Association (APA). In 1992, PTSD was recognised as a diagnosis in the International Classifications of Diseases (ICD-10) in Europe under the rubric of Neurotic, Stress-related and Somatoform Disorders by the World Health Organization (WHO). The DSM is a guidebook for mental health practitioners. However the origins of PTSD lie further back than the twentieth century. The history can be traced through the experience of the American Civil War, First World War, Second World War and the Vietnam War where veterans who returned home suffered trauma because of devastating exposure to war. Their traumatic experiences were documented and translated as symptoms which were eventually associated with PTSD, as described in DSM-III. These traumatic experiences were observed in the civil and forensic setting.
Moreover, this paper will contain a summary of the historical development of the ICD and DSM classifications depicting war associated syndromes as they played a dominant role in shaping the early diagnostic thinking of WHO and APA. From 1840 to 1921, in the United States, data was collected by gathering statistical information across mental hospitals in order to produce a nationally acceptable psychiatric nomenclature. In particular, a notable physician called Da Costa in the American Civil War gave the name ‘irritable heart’ to the symptoms suffered by some soldiers.
Consequently, the statistical information was broadened to take account of and incorporate outpatient presentations from World Wars I and II veterans. This was known as ‘shell shock’ and ‘war neurosis’. War neurosis was further refined following World War II and the Vietnam War in terms of ‘trauma’. Contemporaneously in 1948, WHO adopted the Armed Forces categorisation based on Army, Navy and Veteran experiences in World War I and II, when it integrated mental disorders into the sixth revision of the ICD depicting an European model. Mental disorders were not introduced into the ICD until its sixth edition, published by WHO in 1948, and therefore it is not pertinent to discuss ICD classifications from 1 to 5 editions for the purposes of mental illness.
Besides, this paper will explore the development of trauma as defined in the current understanding of PTSD. This development is necessary to show how the term ‘trauma’ was transformed into PTSD. Evidence is also drawn from the courts as to how PTSD is used in a legal setting. As was the case for DSM-I where a category called ‘gross stress reaction’ was recognized in 1952 and a diagnosis called ‘transient situational disturbance’ or ‘anxiety neurosis’ was declared in DSM-II in 1968. The development of DSM-III was coordinated with the ninth revision of ICD. In 1980, DSM-III introduced PTSD for the first time. DSM-III made major changes in which the diagnosis of PTSD was formally introduced. DSM-III did not prescribe duration of the symptoms.
Similarly, ICD-9 did not include diagnostic criteria to specify mental categories and facilitate the collection of basic health statistics. In view of the incompatibility between ICD-9 and DSM-III, APA suggested that modifications to be made to ICD-9 for its use in the United States. The result was ICD-9-CM.
In 1987, DSM-III-R was introduced to refine the duration of symptoms.
In 1992, WHO introduced the diagnosis of PTSD in ICD-10 and consequently the APA formed a task force to develop the DSM-IV in 1994. At the time, WHO was ready to publish ICD-10. The U.S. was under a treaty to maintain systems consistent with WHO and there was a desire to build a better empirical foundation, using 13 groups of researchers in field trials. Research in natural environment diagnoses in the United States and Canada used DSM-IV, whilst most countries officially use ICD-10 and now ICD-11adopted in 2019. In DSM-IV-TR of 2002, there was still doubt by psychiatrists as to whether PTSD is an anxiety disorder or a disorder in its own category. Refinement of DSM-IV-TR was undertaken in the current DSM-5 following research.
In addition, issues related to malingering and methodology for the detection of malingering are explored. Such methodology will confirm evidence as to whether an individual malingers or not.
In conclusion, this paper will look at the latest developments in the DSM Manual and by discussing how such a manual should be utilised effectively by the courts and psychiatrists.
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Munayyer, Spiro. "The Fall of Lydda". Journal of Palestine Studies 27, n.º 4 (1998): 80–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2538132.
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Spiro Munayyer's account begins immediately after the United Nations General Assembly partition resolution of 29 November 1947 and culminates in the cataclysmic four days of Lydda's conquest by the Israeli army (10-14 July 1948) during which 49,000 of Lydda's 50,000 inhabitants ("swollen" with refugees) were forcefully expelled, the author himself being one of those few allowed to remain in his hometown. Although the author was not in a position of political or military responsibility, he was actively involved in Lydda's resistance movement both as the organizer of the telephone network linking up the various sectors of Lydda's front lines and as a volunteer paramedic, in which capacity he accompanied the city's defenders in most of the battles in which they took part. The result is one of the very few detailed eye-witness accounts that exists from the point of view of an ordinary Palestinian layman of one of the most important and tragic episodes of the 1948 war. The conquest of Lydda (and of its neighbor, Ramla, some five kilometers to the south) was the immediate objective of Operation Dani-the major offensive launched by the Israeli army at the order of Ben-Gurion during the so-called "Ten Days" of fighting (8-18 July 1948), between the First Truce (11 June-8 July) and the Second Truce (which started on 18 July and lasted, in theory, until the armistice agreements of 1949). The further objective of Operation Dani was to outflank the Transjordanian Arab Legion positions at Latrun (commanding the defile at Bab al-Wad, where the road from the coast starts climbing toward Jerusalem) in order to penetrate central Palestine and capture Rumallah and Nablus. Lydda and Ramla and the surrounding villages fell within the boundaries of the Arab state according to the UNGA partition resolution. Despite their proximity to Tel Aviv and the fall of many Palestinian towns since April (Tiberias, Haifa, Jaffa, Safad, Acre, and Baysan), they had held out until July even though little help had reached them from the Arab armies entering on 15 May. Their strategic importance was enormous because of their location at the intersection of the country's main north-south and west-east road and rail lines. Palestine's largest British army camp at Sarafand was a few kilometers west of Lydda, its main international airport an equal distance to the north, its central railway junction at Lydda itself. Ras al-Ayn, fifteen kilometers north of Lydda, was the main source of Jerusalem's water supply, while one of the largest British depots was at Bayt Nabala, seven kilometers to its northeast. The Israeli forces assembled for Operation Dani were put under the overall command of Yigal Allon, the Palmach commander. They consisted of the two Palmach brigades (Yiftach and Harel, the latter under the command of Yitzhak Rabin), the Eighth Armored Brigade composed of the Second Tank Battalion and the Ninth Commando Battalion (the former under the command of Yitzhak Sadeh, founder of the Palmach, the latter under that of Moshe Dayan), the Second Battalion Kiryati Brigade, the Third Battalion Alexandroni Brigade, and several units of the Kiryati Garrison Troops (Khayl Matzav). The Eighth Armored Brigade had a high proportion of World War II Jewish veterans volunteering from the United States, Britain, France, and South Africa (under the so-called MAHAL program), while its two battalions also included 700 members of the Irgun Zva'i Le'umi (IZL). The total strength of the Israeli attackers was about 8,000 men. The only regular Arab troops defending Lydda (and Ramla) was a minuscule force of 125 men-the Fifth Infantry Company of the Transjordanian Arab Legion. The defenders of Lydda (and Ramla) were volunteer civilian residents, like the author, under the command of a retired sergeant who had served in the Arab Legion. The reason for the virtual absence of Arab regular troops in the Lydda-Ramla sector was that the Arab armies closest to it (the Egyptian in the south, the Arab Legion in the east, and the Iraqi in the north) were already overstretched. The Egyptian northernmost post was at Isdud, thirty-two kilometers north of Gaza and a like distance southeast of Ramla-Lydda as the crow flies. The Iraqi southernmost post was at Ras al-Ayn, where they were weakest. And although the Arab Legion was in strength some fifteen kilometers due east at Latrun, the decision had been taken not to abandon its positions on the hills between Ras al-Ayn and Latrun for fear of being outflanked and cut off by the superior Israeli forces in the plains where Lydda and Ramla were situated. Indeed, as General Glubb, commander of the Arab Legion, informs us, he had told King Abdallah and the Transjordanian prime minister Tawfiq Abu Huda even before the end of the Mandate on 15 May that the Legion did not have the forces to hold and defend Lydda and Ramla against Israeli attacks despite the fact that these towns were in the area assigned to the Arabs by the UNGA partition resolution. This explains the token force of the Arab Legion-the Fifth Infantry Company. Thus, the fate of Lydda (and Ramla) was sealed the moment Operation Dani was launched. The Israeli forces did not attack Lydda from the west (where Lydda's defenses facing Tel Aviv were strongest), as the garrison commander Sergeant Hamza Subh expected. Instead, they split into two main forces, northern and southern, which were to rendezvous at the Jewish colony of Ben Shemen east of Lydda and then advance on Lydda from there. After capturing Lydda from the east they were to advance on Ramla, attacking it from the north while making feints against it from the west. Operation Dani began on the night of 9-10 July. Simultaneously with the advance of the ground troops, Lydda and Ramla were bombed from the air. In spite of the surprise factor, the defenders in the eastern sector of Lydda put up stout resistance throughout the 10th against vastly superior forces attacking from Ben Shemen in the north and the Arab village of Jimzu to the south. In the afternoon, Dayan rode with his Commando Battalion of jeeps and half-tracks through Lydda in a hit-and-run raid lasting under one hour "shooting up the town and creating confusion and a degree of terror among the population," as the Jewish brothers Jon and David Kimche put it. This discombobulated the defenders, some of whom surrendered. But the following morning (11 July) a small force of three Arab Legion armored cars entered Lydda, their mission being to help in the evacuation of the beleaguered Fifth Infantry Company. Their sudden appearance both panicked the Israeli troops and rallied the defenders who had not surrendered. The Israeli army put down what it subsequently described as the city's "uprising" with utmost brutality, leaving in a matter of hours in the city's streets about 250 civilian dead in an orgy of indiscriminate killing. Resistance continued sporadically during the 12th and 13th of July, its focus being Lydda's police station, which was finally overrun. As of 11 July, the Israeli army began the systematic expulsion of the residents of Lydda and Ramla (the latter having fallen on 12 July) toward the Arab Legion lines in the east. Also expelled were the populations of some twenty-five villages conquered during Operation Dani, making a total of some 80,000 expellees-the largest single instance of deliberate mass expulsion during the 1948 war. Most of the expellees were women, children, and elderly men, most of the able-bodied men having been taken prisoner. Memories of the trek of the Lydda and Ramla refugees is branded in the collective consciousness of the Palestinians. The Palestinian historian Aref al-Aref, who interviewed survivors at the time, estimates that 350 died of thirst and exhaustion in the blazing July sun, when the temperature was one hundred degrees in the shade. The reaction of public opinion in Ramallah and East Jerusalem at the sight of the new arrivals was to turn against the Arab Legion for its failure to help Lydda and Ramla. Arab Legion officers and men were stoned, loudly hissed at and cursed, a not unintended outcome by the person who gave the expulsion order, David Ben-Gurion, and the man who carried it out, Yitzhak Rabin, director of operations for Operation Dani.
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Grady, Tim. "Comrades Betrayed: Jewish World War I Veterans Under Hitler". German History, 24 de junho de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerhis/ghab005.
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Neary, Peter. "The CBC “Ventures in Citizenship” Broadcast of 9 November 1938 (Kristallnacht)". Canadian Jewish Studies / Études juives canadiennes, 1 de janeiro de 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/1916-0925.19958.
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By coincidence, on the evening of 9 November 1938, Kristallnacht, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation broadcast from Winnipeg, as part of its “Ventures in Citizenship” series, a programme celebrating the contributions of Jews to Canadian life. “Ventures in Citizenship” was the brainchild of Robert England, a prominent Great War veteran and writer on Canadian ethnic diversity, who was alarmed by the rise of Nazi Germany and sought to promote good inter-group relations in Canada and to prepare for the stresses of war. The broadcast highlighted the career of Lieutenant Myer Tutzer Cohen, who was killed in action in November 1917 and was awarded the Military Cross.
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Shaw, Jennifer. "‘I Do Think We Can Carry On’: The Women’s War Efforts Committee of the Canadian Jewish Congress, 1939-1946". Canadian Jewish Studies / Études juives canadiennes 28 (31 de dezembro de 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/1916-0925.40145.
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The Jewish community’s involvement in the Canadian war effort during the Second World War has been a topic of scholarly interest for decades. However, this scholarship has largely focused on the activities of men, whether as soldiers or members of volunteer organizations, most notably the Canadian Jewish Congress (CJC). When women’s contributions are noted, it has generally been a mention of undefined volunteer work or their activities as soldiers’ wives and mothers, thus ignoring the monumental efforts of Jewish women. In particular, the Women’s War Efforts Committee (WWEC) of the CJC contributed thousands of hours of unpaid labour, fundraising, running a Next-of-Kin League for the wives, mothers, and children of enlisted men, and working with other women’s organizations for the war effort. However, it was their work on massive projects such as the furnishing of recreation spaces on armed forces bases and the opening of Servicemen’s Centres across Canada that would be most impactful. This paper will explore how the activities of the WWEC increased the visibility of the Jewish community in Canada and contributed to changing the public perception of Jews from that of an unwanted immigrant community to that of an accepted minority group. It will also examine the tensions between the men and women of the CJC and the shifting public roles of women within the Jewish community.
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Anne Dell, Colleen, Darlene Chalmers, James Gillett, Megan Steeves, Betty Rohr, Barbara Fornssler, Alicia Husband, Oluwatomisin Iwajomo e Chelsea Nickel. "Effects of a therapy dog program on the wellbeing of older veterans living in a long term care residence". Human-animal interaction bulletin 2018 (dezembro de 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/hai.2018.0008.
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Abstract Current health care practices do not adequately meet the health needs of older adult war veterans. Increasingly, animal assisted interventions (AAIs) are being identified as potentially beneficial for this population. To explore this, this study, informed by a One Health framework, measured the outcomes of the St. John Ambulance ( SJA ) Therapy Dog Program on the wellbeing of older adults at a Veterans Affairs Canada residence in Saskatchewan, Canada. Over a 13 week period, two groups of veterans, of 8 and 10 in number respectively, who were living at the residence were purposively selected to participate in weekly individual and group therapy dog visits. The type of visit varied according to the level of cognition of the veteran, with lower level individuals visiting in a group format. A modified instrumental case study design was applied incorporating both quantitative and qualitative approaches, including questionnaires, focus groups, case history, and observation. Quantitative measures were analyzed descriptively, and qualitative measures were analyzed thematically. The findings revealed a positive influence of therapy dogs on memory recollection and reminiscence among veterans; positive health impacts on veteran wellbeing as understood through the significance of the therapy dog team encounter; and, perceived meaningful support from the therapy dog handlers and love and support from the therapy dogs. The analysis is contextualized within the growing literature on AAIs and contributes important insights to adequately meeting the needs of older adult war veterans, and potentially for the increasing population of recent war veterans. Additionally, key policy, practice, and research recommendations are proposed, including further investigation of therapy dog visits.
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"Highlights in this issue". Psychological Medicine 32, n.º 8 (novembro de 2002): 1333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291702009741.
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This issue features groups of papers on Gulf War syndrome, health service outcome assessment, somatization, personality disorders and depression.Gulf War syndrome has been the subject of much scientific research and public controversy. Two research papers, both from the group at the Institute of Psychiatry in London report studies. David et al. (pp. 1357–1370) find cognitive abnormalities in Gulf War veterans compared with military controls, most attributable to mood disturbances, except for impairment of constructional ability. Everitt et al. (pp. 1371–1378) employ the statistical technique of cluster analysis to search for a unique syndrome in Gulf War veterans but fail to find it. In an accompanying editorial two authorities, from the USA and Canada, examine the issues.
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Brown, Michael. "A Case of Limited Vision: Vladomir Jabotinsky on Canada and the United States". Canadian Jewish Studies / Études juives canadiennes, 1 de janeiro de 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/1916-0925.19771.
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Canadian Jewish communities were quicker than their American counterparts to support the Zionist cause. But during the inter-war period, when changing circumstances in Europe forced Zionist leaders to shift their search for potential immigration and financial support from the Old World to the New, the Canadians' efforts were largely ignored. Apathy, even resistance, characterized much of the American Jewish community's response to the Zionist leadership. Still, the United States remained the preoccupation of leaders such as Vladimir Jabotinsky, founder of what would become the right-wing Likud party.