Artigos de revistas sobre o tema "Iverii͡a"

The aim of the study is to investigate the production possibilities of particleboard by using waste tirerubbers with different properties as fillers and find a solution to a serious environmental pollution problem caused by waste tires. For this purpose, waste summer and winter tires were ground, rubber powders were obtained by separating rubber materials from other materials, and particleboards with different properties were produced using this sawdust in different percentages. The oven-dry density, air-dry density, and equilibrium moisture content at (65±5) % RH and (20±2) ºC, thickness swelling (TS, 2 hours and 24 hours), water absorption (WA, 2 hours and 24 hours) characteristics, bending strength, modulus of elasticity, and internal bond strength were determined according to the applicable European standards. The hydrophobic nature of the tire rubber enhanced the water absorption ratios of particleboards. In addition, mechanical performance of groups was affected by tire content, and it was mainly determined that the values decreased dramatically with increasing tire content. It was especially observed that this decrease was more pronounced when subtracting 30 % to 20 % waste tire content. The groups including winter waste tire rubber achieved better performance than summer waste tire groups. The use of waste rubber in boards resulted in a decrease in the equilibrium moisture content and mechanical strength of the samples.

The article refers to the coverage of scientific issues in the newspaper “Iveria”, founded and edited by the well-known public figure, writer and publicist Ilia Chavchavadze. Coverage of scientific issues is important for studying the history of Georgian scientific journalism of the 19th century. The introduction includes a small excursion about the process of formation/development of scientific communication and scientific journalism. Science journalism originates from the publication of the Digdarshan magazine, with the first copy published in 1818 in Bengal, India, which published articles on important scientific issues. It should be noted that it was released in Bengali, Hindi, and English languages. Besides, one of the first articles published by a science correspondent in the history of the mass media was William Crookes’ article “Storm in the Bay of Biscay” published on January 18, 1871, in “The Times” newspaper. However, in 1928 particularly, the history of science journalism began after the appointment of James Crowther as a science correspondent for “The Guardian” newspaper. However, the transition to truly open science i.e. wide coverage of scientific issues and problems by means of mass information eventually commenced at least in the 19th and 20th centuries. Society showed a higher interest in science and its issues. Such interest and relationship were two-way: the sense of responsibility and accountability of scientists to the society increased, on the one hand, and the level of public awareness and education increased on the other hand and being just curiosity at the beginning, afterward, there was a desire for science as a force and institution for the public good. It became necessary to inform the public about the current events in the field of science, which turned out to be mutually beneficial. Science acknowledged that relations with other social institutions are vital and the mass media began to widely cover scientific topics. Since the beginning of the 19th century, after the publication of the first Georgian newspaper, the periodicals of that time, regardless of the social and political trends, paid considerable attention to science, and lots of materials were published about this issue. The introductory letter of the Iveria newspaper published in 1877 under Ilia Chavchavadze’s editorship states that Iveria aimed to promote scientific knowledge (scientific achievements) in society. “Learning, knowledge, science – are efforts which cannot be confronted by any obstacle nowadays: neither a fist, nor a sword, nor the number of troops” – as Ilia writes. Ilia published the newspaper “Iveria” in 1877. The first issue was released on March 3 in the format of a political and literary newspaper, although the outcome exceeded expectations due to the truly phenomenal abilities and encyclopedic knowledge of the founder and editor-in-chief, Ilia Chavchavadze. Thus, as a result of the thematic-genre research and analysis of materials published in “Iveria” in 1877-78 (a total of 92 issues) and taking into account main trends, it was identified that “Iveria” newspaper was an indisputable flagship in the history of Georgian journalism in terms of scientific coverage. Issues of science are within the priorities of the editorial policy of the newspaper.

სტატიაში განიხილება ომის მნიშვნელობა ეთნიკური ცნობიერების კრისტალიზაციისათვის. ომისდროსხდება ადამიანური და სხვა რესურსების მობილიზაცია, იბადება სოლიდარობის გრძნობა, იქმნება საომარი პროპაგანდა და პოზიტიური (ჩვენ) და ნეგატიური (მტერი) სტერეოტიპების განვითარებით ძლიერდება ნაციონალიზმის მახასიათებლები. სახელმწიფოებს შორის მიმდინარე ომი ხელს უწყობს ძალის ცენტრალიზაციასა და ინსტიტუციონალიზაციას და საფუძვლად ედება ისტორიული იდენტობის განცდას. რუსეთ ოსმალეთის ომმა მოსახლეობის ერთ ნაწილში რუსულ-ქართული ერთობის განცდა გაამძაფრა მუსლიმანური ოსმალეთის წინააღმდეგ, რომელსაც მიტაცებული ჰქონდა საქართველოს მიწები. სწორედ აქ ისახებოდა,,ივერიის” მიზნები: თუ რუსეთი ოსმალეთთან ომს მოიგებდა, საქართველოს უერთდებოდა ოსმალეთის მიერ წართმეული ტერიტორია თავისი მოსახლეობით, რომელსაც შეცვლილი ჰქონდა რელიგია და ნაწილობრივ ენობრივი ცნობიერება, მაგრამ სწორედ ისტორიული ერთობის საფუძველზე ფიქრობდა ილია ჭავჭავაძე საქართველოს პოლიტიკური მიზეზებით დაშორებული ნაწილების შეერთებას. ,,ივერია” ფართოდ მიმოიხილავდარუსეთ-ოსმალეთის 1877-1878 წლების ომის ფაქტობრივად ყველა დეტალს. ორგემაგე ბუნების იყო ეს ომი საქართველოსთვის. ,,აჭარის, ბათუმისა და ქობულეთის” შემოერთებით რუსეთი ძლიერდებოდა კავკასიასა და ბალკანეთში, თან აცხადებდა თავის შორს მიმავალ გეგმებს, რომლებშიც კონსტანტინეპოლში შესვლაც იგულისხმებოდა. ხოლო რუსეთის პოლიტიკურინაწილი–საქართველო, იბრუნებდა ისტორიულ მიწებს უკეთესი ცვლილებების იმედით.

The paper considers biotechnological characteristics of new breeds of mulberry silkworm „V-1“ and „V-2“, which are relatively resistant to the worm disease „nuclear polyhedrosis“. The hybreeds were obtained from mulberry silkworm breeds „Dighmuri“ and „Iveria“. Breed “Iveria” is characterized by short period of feeding; it was created for the west Georgia zone, while the cocoon thread length of the breed “Dighmuri” is 1800-2000 meter, silk capacity of live cocoon is 25-26%, but these breeds are characterized by relatively low viability [1,2,3]. Our research aimed to improve namely this flaw. As a result of complex selection works carried out for the improvement of the above stated viability and other major indices we received new highly productive breeds, which by their indices equal or exceed initial breeds.

U radu je opisano istraživanje utjecaja praha plovućca i plastifikatora na neka svojstva cementom vezanih iverica (CBPB). Stoga su CBPB proizvedeni upotrebom 0, 10, 20 i 30 % praha plovućca te 0, 0,4, 0,8 i 1,2 % plastifikatora. Na temelju rezultata ispitivanja utvrđeno je da je prah plovućca imao znatan pozitivni učinak na upijanje vode i debljinsko bubrenje ploča, dok se gustoća ploča nije mijenjala. Upotrebom 30 % praha plovućca debljinsko se bubrenje ploča smanjilo za 15 %. Modul elastičnosti i međuslojna čvrstoća proizvedenih ploča uz upotrebu praha plovućca povećali su se za 20 %, dok su se modul loma i toplinska izolacija smanjili. Upotreba 0,4 i 0,8 % plastifikatora pozitivno je utjecala na svojstva ploča. Primjena plastifikatora pozitivno je utjecala i na toplinska svojstva ploča. Pri povećanju količine plastifikatora na 1,2 %, vrijednosti toplinske vodljivosti smanjile su se za 18 %. Stoga je upotreba plastifikatora u proizvodnji CBPB-a jedna od opcija za poboljšanje toplinskih svojstava tih ploča.

The first tall building was built in 1938 in Tbilisi. This is the famous "11-storey house" on Heroes' Square. Until the end of the XX century, the tallest building in Tbilisi was the 22-storey hotel "Iveria". It was built in 1967, according to the decision by the former Soviet government that there should be at least one tall building in every capital of the Soviet republics. From the beginning of this century, Georgia completely switched to the construction of monolithic reinforced concrete and the number of high-rise buildings immediately increased both in Tbilisi and throughout the country. The first real skyscraper with a height of more than 100 meters was built in 2016 in Tbilisi. It was the 138-foot tower of Hotel Biltmore. After that, six more skyscrapers were built, which should be considered as the beginning of a new phase of Tbilisi urban planning.

This paper will study the aspects of Ilia Chavchavadze's journalism. Ilia Chavchavadze often published articles on the political and economic situation of different countries on the pages of "Iveria". This, of course, had its purpose. Ilia, first of all, wanted the Georgian readers to be sure about how the life of the society or this or that nation was developing abroad, and the second and most important goal was to open the eyes of the same society and show what the conquered countries were doing to correct their political and social situation. With taxation, we can argue that he was only concerned with the struggle of other nations for independence to start his own. It was not easy. Chavchavadze, apart from the king of Russia, had many enemies inside as well, because no one wanted to give up the primacy. At the end of the article, we will review Mrs. Nora Drehurst's work in Georgia and her attitude toward Ilia.

The article discusses the key characteristics of the quality of mandarin fruits (Citrus reticulata Blan. var. unchiu Tan.) from the collection of FRC SSC RAS. The objects of the study were 12 unique and most valuable varieties and hybrids of domestic and foreign breeding. The results of mechanical analysis of fruits are given. The study of the chemical composition of fruits showed that they are rich in vitamins, sugars, acids. The quantitative ratio is dominated by sucrose, more than 70 % of sucrose is noted in the varieties 'Pioner 80', 'Sochinskij 23', 'Krasnodarskij 83', 'Iverija'. The greatest amount of fructose was isolated in clones and hybrids from 20.1 – 21.6 %. Organic acids (citric, malic, succinic, acetic, lactic, oxalic, ascorbic), vitamin C (ascorbic) were determined, the high content of which was noted in clones 22 and 33. Among the main organic acids, citric acid dominates – 90-96 %, the leader appear to be 'Kowano Wase', the least amount is in ' Sochinskij 23'. The high content of succinic acid was noted in the varieties 'Millennium 1' (37.34 mg/100g) and ' Pioner 80' (35.06 mg/100g). Fruits of the variety 'Jubilejnyj', ' Pioner 80' and Hybrid No. 10 contain the largest amount of tartaric acid, which ranges from 51.44 to 59.71 mg/100g. The highest sugar–acid index was noted in the early ripening varieties 'Millenium 1' (9.3 units) and 'Kowano Wase' (8.5 units), hybrid No. 10 (8.0 units), which indicates good taste indicators of these samples.

In this paper, we discuss issues arising in the construction of cast-in-situ reinforced concrete arched roofs and ways to simplify their design. Despite the versatility of existing mold systems in construction, shell-type roofing structures are entirely different from other structural elements widely used in construction practice in terms of their outline and overall dimensions. Therefore, to erect them, it is necessary to build an individual mold system, which would provide the appropriate spatial shape for cast-in-situ reinforced concrete roofing. Due to the scale of shell roofs, the installation of such mold systems is often associated with significant difficulties as it requires a large, bulky structure above the ground surface with the use of load-bearing scaffolding and planking. This results in issues of building individual elements and the entire mold system and accurately placing them in the design position, which can be solved quite easily using the experience gained from similar works. As a demonstration of this, an example of the arched roof construction for the church named after the Mother of God of Iveria, the second largest church in Georgia, was given a few years ago. At the time, the main difficulty was manufacturing and installing wooden arch molds, which was quickly overcome due to considering several practical measures in advance.

The historical residence of the Zhuruli family was Ksani Gorge. This is exactly the place from where the resettlement of the above-mentioned clan to other parts of Georgia begins. A part of the Zhuruli family settled in the Small Liakhvi Gorge, specifically, in the village of Arbo. In the ‘Book of Duty Army’ (1774) several representatives of the Zhuruli family were mentioned in this village. At the beginning of the 19th century, Shalva Zhuruli, who lived in Arbo, together with other representatives of the feudal aristocracy, actively engaged in the fight that was meant to free the country from Russian violence. Shalva Zhuruli was arrested together with others involved in the Mtiuleti rebellion of 1804. Shalva Zhuruli had several children, including Malkhazi, Levani, Durmishkhani, and Gaiane. At the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, Durmishkhan Zhuruli greatly contributed to the development of Georgian society. His name is related to numerous national events. At different times, he worked as a police officer in Gori and Surami. He also served as a Chief of Batumi Police. Durmishkhan was actively involved in the activities concerned with the return of Adjara to the motherland. He was engaged in negotiations with Sherif-Beg Khimshiashvili following the instructions from the government. Durmishkhan Zhuruli had a close relationship with the remarkable representatives of the Georgian Society. Durmishkhan believed that the lack of education was the only reason why Georgians were left behind. He advocated for the establishment of schools, which is demonstrated in his articles published in the newspaper Iveria. Family members of Durmishkhan Zhuruli duly continued the business of the founder of the Batumi Organization of the Society for the Spreading Literacy among Georgians. საკვანძო სიტყვები: საქართველოს ისტორია, რუსეთ-თურქეთის ომი (1877-1878), დურმიშხან ჟურული.Keywords: History of Georgia, Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878), Durmishkhan Zhuruli.

Georgia is a small state, stretched between two seas, which has always aroused constant interest in the world due to its geopolitical position. Many called it Iberia or Iveria, and often called Gurjistan. At the crossroads of Europe and Asia, this small oasis attracted many conquerors not only because of its importance, but also because of its culture, historical buildings and fruitful lands. Georgia is a sunny and fertile country, where everything blooms and pleases. Our ancestors from ancient times engaged in agriculture, cattle breeding and had an active connection with the land. According to historical sources, Georgia is more than four thousand years old, and the Georgian alphabet and writing are unique to the whole world. Since the fourth century, Christianity has been our state religion, but the country unites representatives of many cultural ethnic groups and religious beliefs. A completely different historical page began after the collapse of the Soviet Union, when Georgia found itself alone in the face of new challenges and realities. Although we do not have oil and gas ores, which allows the state to develop rapidly, in other areas we may well take a leading position. For example, it is possible to develop the tourism sector at a high level, since the country is distinguished by its historical monuments, some of which are included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. However, a small state like Georgia can focus on agriculture and succeed. For rural welfare, there is the Rural Development Agency, which coordinates projects with the Ministry of Environment and Agriculture of Georgia and assists enterprises interested in this area. Since 2014, the Agricultural Insurance scheme has been operating, the purpose of which is to promote the development of the insurance market in the agricultural sector, promote agricultural activities, save income and reduce risks for those involved in this activity. Our topic is about the development of agribusiness and insurance, which is one of the key factors in Georgia's economic growth.

In the southern regions of Iran (Persia), Zoroastrianism was represented by numerous temples and pantheons of gods, while in the Northern provinces, fire worship retained its early form, recognizing one deity - Ahramazda. With the coming to power of the Sassanids, the number of temples began to increase. The fact that peregrine And his son were priests of the Anahita temple also set priorities during their rule. When the Sassanids came to power, Ardeshir imposed a special tax (one-tenth) on the temples of fire-worshippers. However, environmental analysis shows that during the reign of various rulers, Mazdeism, Mithraism, Manichaeism, and even Christianity gained moderate ascendancy in the Sassanid state, albeit temporarily. For the first 300 years after Christ, there was a serious struggle in Eastern Anatolia to become a strong and lasting religion. The first Christian Church in Parthia played a leading role in this struggle. The lack of information about the history of Parthia, and sometimes very little, enriches this period with legends. The Parthian aristocracy maintained its influence in the Northern regions of Persia. The reign of the Arshakids (of aranshah) continued in Albania until the 6th century. The Parthians understood and practiced fire worship differently than in Persia. The Parthian nobles saw and knew the important role of the temple of Anahita in the victory of the sons of Sassanids. Along with various traditional religions, many new religions spread in the Persian province and in Persian geography, new concepts were synthesized between religions, there was fierce competition between religions, and religious clans sought access to large palaces. The early Christians who settled in the Northern provinces of Parthia in the middle of the third century gained a large following. In 252-326, Gregory (his Church name) was the son of Apak (Anak) of the Arshakid dynasty , and he was baptized in Cappadocia and received a Christian upbringing. When another of the Arsacid dynasty, Prince Tridad, together with Gregory, founded the first Christian Church, of course, the Central government did not like it, and the persecution increased. However, by the will of the sons of A, they were able to hold and preserve the Church. The younger son of Gregory, Arastun (Armenians call him Aristakes), led the Church in 325-333, and then his older brother, the first son of Gregory erfan (Arfan) (Armenians call him Vrtanes), took over the leadership of the Church in 333-341 on the advice of his father was brought to the leadership. Arastun took part in the creation of the churches of Albania and Iveria, became their first Bishop, and participated in the first world Council of Christians (Nicaea-Syria). Early Christians quickly forgot the important decisions made at the first meeting of the apostles of Jesus, and Christians all over the world are involved in intrigues between the two churches - the Church of Nicaea (Syria) and the Church of Alexandria. After the formation of the Church of Constantinople, competition increased, and although the Christian Church in Eastern Anatolia and Cappadocia was subordinate to Constantinople, the Syriac Church sent representatives to Cappadocia and Eastern Anatolia in search of supporters. The church, founded by Gregory, son of Apak, acts as a true Christian church under the leadership of 10 generations after him and proclaims that Christianity is a divine religion. Only in 437, with the appointment of Hovhannes, a disciple of the Syrian missionary and provocateur Mesrop Mashtos (educated in Syria), the leadership of the church changed the character of the first Christian Church of the Parthians, covering a large area from Eastern Anatolia to Albania. The first Christian Church of the Parthians changed its essence, defining the status of a national church, and not a propagandist of common Christian values.

The presentation of the historical aspects of the material created on this or that topic contributes to the thematic-fable complexes and the so-called: visual representation of the evolution of “wandering” stories. The story of the “wanderer” in the work of art appears against the background of intercultural relations. Therefore, in comparative discussion, translation studies further clarifies the essence of the original text. To clarify this thesis, we have selected the poem “By the Rivers of Babylon We Sat Down and Wept” written by the romantic poet, George Gordon Byron in 1815, which artistically, based on the Jewish story paradigm, generalizes and presents the traditions of Milton, Burns, Blake and the Blessed Nation. The melodies created in the Jewish exile were echoed in the works of Haydn, Mozart, Paganini, and Liszt. However, their compilation and arrangement are linked to the English composer Isaac Nathan (1790-1864), who selected Byron’s texts for the melodies compiled in 1808. Although earlier this was tried by John Moore, but Nathan gave preference to Byron, whose first twelve songs were included in the collections of Hebrew melodies. Byron, who was interested in biblical subjects from the very beginning, deeply explored the issue of the fate of the Jews and, without regard to the basic principles of the Anglican Church and without disturbing them, developed a Jewish theme based on the Psalms. It is worth mentioning that he was sometimes opposed by publishers, composers or critics, but his poetic efforts could not be stopped and the theme of the oppressed nation took its place in his poetry. His interest in such topics and his sympathy for the oppressed nations of Europe earned him the title of Poetry Fighter for Freedom. Byron analyzes the biblical, rigorous spirit and at the same time gives it a plain, simple text and artistic perfection. Two verses from the cycle of “Hebrew Melodies” are significant for us: “Oh! Weep for Those! ‘, “By the Rivers of Babylon We Sat Down and Wept”, whose Georgian translations belong to Ilia Chavchavadze and Akaki Tsereteli. Both poems are translated from an intermediate language and it should not be difficult to understand the translators’ interest – the shared fortunes of the oppressed Georgian and Jewish nations. Byron was not limited to the biblical story, he also paid attention to the oriental color, which further ensured the high artistry of the poems. With an artistic depiction of compassion for the oppressed and their sad fate, Byron always echoed the fate of his modern-day Italy and Greece. The purpose of our article is to discuss the extent to which the Bible text in the poem “For the Hebrew Melodies” entitled “In the Valley of the Waters” was included in the 1815 volume of “Hebrew Melodies”. The second variant, which Isaac Nathan preferred, stood closer to Psalm 136 (137th in the Hebrew texts). Therefore, the second version in the cycle of “Hebrew Melodies” dates back to 1815, although it was published in the first version. The goal of the study is Byron’s biblical text and its Georgian translations’ different interpretation. The poet quotes from the Bible the story line of Psalm 136 of the Jewish exiles from Jerusalem, in which the willows are hanging on the ropes symbolizing their melancholy: “If I forget you, Jerusalem, forget me.” Byron’s verse does not show the rage in the psalm, the rage in the heart against the enemies of Zion, and the fierce desire for revenge against the daughter of Babylon, who longs for the fate of the Jews. It is already known which Russian translation Akaki Tsereteli and other Georgian translators used while translating Byron’s lyrics, in particular, Giorgi Tskaltubeli (1868) and Maia Nikoladze (2009). We were interested in Akaki Tsereteli’s translation of Byron’s poem “By the Rivers of Babylon We Sat Down and Wept”. There are two versions of the translation that are dated at different times. First printed in 1865 In journal “Tsiskari” N2 , and the second – in newspaper “Iveria” N213 on October 3, 1901, . Both verses are written by “Byron”, which means the translations of Byron’s poems. According to researcher Ketevan Burjanadze, out of the four Russian translations available at the time, Akaki Tsereteli’s translation is less relevant to any of them and is a more free and widespread version compared to Byron’s source text. The article discusses the history of two translations of Akaki (1865, 1901). Both variants have similar content, only some stanzas and lines got corrected. According to researcher Makvala Kuchukhidze, the 1901 translation is a free translation based on Byron’s poem; We have also noted that both versions of Akaki Tsereteli’s translation are based predominantly on Psalm 136, which shows that the verse ends with an appeal for psalm vengeance : “Blessed is he who has grasped your heels and thrown you into the rocks.” The same idea is expressed in Akaki’s translation, though in the future. The Georgian poet expanded the Byronic text in a peculiar way and expanded the psalm content as well, as it reflected the thirst for revenge of the Georgian man on the invader, as a result of which the poem acquired a publicist sound. Akaki’s translation follows Byron’s source text and expands on it with psalm quotes; Byron’s text speaks of the anguish of the Jews, somehow encrypting the enemy’s hypocritical request for the Jews to rejoice and sing about the days spent in Jerusalem. The translator enters the text with an indignant tone that it is impossible for the enslaved to chant the sacred chant of Zion. Judaism is subjugated by enemies, but it is forced obedience and not voluntary. In view of all this, it can be said that the Akaki translation is more imitative and more closely related to the text of the Byron and the Psalm.