Artigos de revistas sobre o tema "Italian Free and resistance movements"
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1
Бычков e Maksim Bychkov. "F. Poletayev and Italian Resistance Movement". Socio-Humanitarian Research and Technology 3, n.º 3 (10 de setembro de 2014): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/6229.
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The article considers participation of Soviet soldiers in
the Italian Resistance on the example of Fyodor Poletayev. The
guerrilla movement which began in Italy is analyzed in the context
of the General history of the country in the 1920–1940-s. The
fascist regime did not have a wide social base. Despite the apparent
inability of the anti-fascist political parties and movements to agree
among themselves and to take radical action to overthrow it, Italian
people have been able to boldly speak out against it. This is reflected
in rapid development of partisan movement, which despite
harsh repression by German occupiers and their Italian allies was
able to conduct intensive work on the liberation of Italy. Soviet
soldiers fought among them. This topic was raised in Soviet historical
and political literature, but has unfortunately dropped out
of public attention recently and therefore requires a sort of resuscitation.
This theme allows identifying the complexity, the diversity
of problems faced by the people of the Soviet Union, and at
the same time shows the role and importance of a common man
on the background of global events.
2
Ciccarelli, Roberto. "Expo Milano 2015: The Institutionalization of Working for Free in Italy". tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society 13, n.º 2 (30 de setembro de 2015): 423–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v13i2.703.
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This essay reports on the temporary and unpaid forms of labour around which the 2015 World’s Fair (Expo 2015) in Milan is organized and upon which it depends. The collective agreement supporting Expo 2015 is especially significant, the paper contends, in that it has been seized upon by the government of Matteo Renzi as a blueprint for the future of labour relations in Italy. Expo 2015 ushers in the institutionalization of unpaid work in the crisis-stricken Italian economy—a transformation approved by the major Italian trade unions that signed off on the collective agreement, but forcefully opposed by social movements who have decried the expansion of unpaid work permitted by the contract.
3
Piffer, Tommaso. "Realtŕ e rappresentazione della Resistenza italiana nella documentazione delle formazioni partigiane". MONDO CONTEMPORANEO, n.º 1 (maio de 2009): 119–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/mon2009-001005.
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- The essay shows the importance of the records of the partisan movements in writing the history of the Resistance in Italy in World War II. Using these records, it seems possible to write a partially different history from that written by the most important authors in the past decades. This essay is focused on the relationships between leadership and ranks in the bands, the political consciousness of the partisans, their relationship with political parties and the strategy of the political leaders. In conclusion, the author suggests the opportunity of a new synthesis of this period based on this material. Key words: Resistance movement in Italy, Italian partisan movement, Italian Resistance historical studies, World War II, political parties and partisan bands, partisan records.
4
Piffer, Tommaso. "Office of Strategic Services versus Special Operations Executive: Competition for the Italian Resistance, 1943–1945". Journal of Cold War Studies 17, n.º 4 (outubro de 2015): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_00596.
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This article explores the relationship between the British Special Operations Executive (SOE) and the U.S. Office of Strategic Services (OSS) in the Italian campaign during World War II. Drawing on recently declassified records, the article analyzes three issues that prevented satisfactory coordination between the two agencies and the impact those issues had on the effectiveness of the Allied military support given to the partisan movements: (1) the U.S. government's determination to maintain the independence of its agencies; (2) the inability of the Armed Forces Headquarters to impose its will on the reluctant subordinate levels of command; and (3) the relatively low priority given to the Italian resistance at the beginning of the campaign. The article contributes to recent studies on OSS and SOE liaisons and sheds additional light on an important turning point in the history of their relations.
5
Choudry, Aziz. "Struggles Against Bilateral FTAs: Challenges for Transnational Global Justice Activism". Studies in Social Justice 7, n.º 1 (19 de novembro de 2012): 7–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.26522/ssj.v7i1.1052.
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The past decade has seen major movements and mobilizations against the new crop of bilateral free trade and investment agreements being pursued by governments in the wake of the failure of global (World Trade Organization) and regional (e.g. Free Trade Area of the Americas) negotiations, and the defeat of an attempted Multilateral Agreement on Investment in the 1990s. However, in spite of much scholarly, non-governmental organization (NGO) and activist focus on transnational global justice activism, many of these movements, such as the major multi-sectoral popular struggle over the recently-concluded US-Korea Free Trade Agreement, are hardly acknowledged in North America and Europe. With a shift in emphasis pushing liberalization and deregulation of trade and investment increasingly favouring lower-profile bilateral agreements, this article maps the resistance movements to these latest shifts in global free market capitalist relations and discusses the disconnect between these (mainly Southern) struggles and dominant scholarly and NGO conceptions of global justice and the global justice movement as well as questions of knowledge production arising from these movements.
6
Cameselle-Pesce, Pedro. "Italian-Uruguayans for Free Italy: Serafino Romualdi's Quest for Transnational Anti-Fascist Networks during World War II". Americas 77, n.º 2 (abril de 2020): 247–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/tam.2019.107.
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AbstractIn 1941, the well-known international Cold War actor Serafino Romualdi traveled to South America for the first time. As a representative of the New York-based Mazzini Society, Romualdi sought to grow a robust anti-fascist movement among South America's Italian communities, finding the most success in Uruguay. As Romualdi conducted his tour of South America, he began writing a series of reports on local fascist activities, which caught the attention of officials at the Office of the Coordinator for Inter-American Affairs (OCIAA), a US government agency under the direction of Nelson Rockefeller. The OCIAA would eventually tap Romualdi and his growing connections in South America to gather intelligence concerning Italian and German influence in the region. This investigation sheds light on the critical function that Romualdi and his associates played in helping the US government to construct the initial scaffolding necessary to orchestrate various strategies under the umbrella of OCIAA-sponsored cultural diplomacy. Despite his limited success with Italian anti-fascist groups in Latin America, Romualdi's experience in the region during the early 1940s primed him to become an effective agent for the US government with a shrewd understanding of the value in shaping local labor movements during the Cold War.
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Ledermann, Jonathan A. "Benefits of Enhancing the Platinum-Free Interval in the Treatment of Relapsed Ovarian Cancer: More Than Just a Hypothesis?" International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 21, Supp 1 (maio de 2011): S9—S11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/igc.0b013e318217b30b.
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There is some evidence from in vitro studies as well as case series that patients with documented platinum resistance will respond to platinum after a nonplatinum drug. In addition, retrospective case studies have demonstrated the difficulty in determining if delaying second platinum is detrimental or beneficial. For that reason, a prospective Italian randomized trial conducted by the Multicenter Italian Trials in Ovarian Cancer (MITO) Group (MITO-8), comparing nonplatinum with platinum-based therapy is being performed to assess the effects of delaying platinum on survival.
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Vinthagen, Stellan. "Power as Subordination and Resistance as Disobedience: Non-violent Movements and the Management of Power". Asian Journal of Social Science 34, n.º 1 (2006): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853106776150207.
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AbstractThis text synthesizes non-violent resistance theory (Sharp, 1973) and late modern power theory (Foucault, 1974), in an attempt to understand resistance to power. Contemporary non-violence research focuses on the power relation between the (free) Citizen and the (centralised) State, and does not consider the power which disciplines people's perception and behaviour in accordance with "truth-regimes", or non-violent activists. Hence, a modification of the consent theory is needed to destabilize its Cartesian assumption of a (non-violent) Subject with a free, autonomous and conscious will. At the same time, in opposition to prevalent interpretations of Foucault, I will argue that incorporated forms of power imply cooperative subordination. The actor still has a precarious space to choose or resist. This in turn, opens new space to understand resistance, which is indicated in the conclusion.
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Scheidel, Walter. "Human Mobility in Roman Italy, I: the Free Population". Journal of Roman Studies 94 (novembro de 2004): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4135008.
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How did the relentless spread of Roman power change people's lives? From military mobilization, urbanization, slavery, and the nexus between taxation and trade to linguistic and religious change and shifting identities, the most pervasive consequences of empire all had one thing in common: population movements on an unprecedented scale. Yet despite its pivotal role in social and cultural change, the nature of Roman mobility has never been investigated in a systematic fashion. In this study, I develop a comprehensive quantitative model of population transfers within, to, and from Italy, from the late fourth century B.C. to the first century A.D. Owing to the diverse and complex character of these movements, I develop my argument in two steps. The present paper deals with the demographic context, scale, and distribution of the migration of free persons. I argue that the total population of Italy in the early imperial period was of the order of five to six million rather than fourteen to twenty million (Section II); that state-sponsored re-settlement programmes dramatically increased overall levels of mobility on three occasions (during the Italian wars in the late fourth and early third centuries B.C., in the aftermath of the Second Punic War in the early second century B.C., and in the period of constitutional transition from the 80s to the 10s B.C.) (Section III); and that in the last two centuries B.C., colonization programmes and urban growth in Italy required the permanent relocation of approximately two to two-and-a-half million adults (Section IV).
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Dalcher, Christina Villafaña. "Consonant weakening in Florentine Italian: A cross-disciplinary approach to gradient and variable sound change". Language Variation and Change 20, n.º 2 (julho de 2008): 275–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394508000021.
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ABSTRACTFew acoustic studies of the intervocalic consonant lenition in central Italian dialects (a process known as Gorgia Toscana) have been undertaken. This study examines speech data from Florentine Italian in order to describe the process of Gorgia Toscana quantitatively and to assess the roles of physiological, perceptual, phonological, and social factors in the process. Results of acoustic and statistical analysis indicate gradient and variable output, with certain patterns occurring in the variation. The observations that emerge from the data cannot all be accounted for if Gorgia Toscana is characterized as a purely phonetic, phonological, or socially driven process of sound change. Rather, different aspects of the process are attributed to different motivators: gradience and velar preference to articulator movements, resistance of nonvelar lenition to perceptual constraints, targeting of a natural class and categorical weakening to abstract featural representations, and intersubject variation in velar lenition to external social factors.
11
Anderson, Kenneth, e David G. Behm. "Trunk Muscle Activity Increases With Unstable Squat Movements". Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology 30, n.º 1 (1 de fevereiro de 2005): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h05-103.
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The objective of this study was to determine differences in electromyographic (EMG) activity of the soleus (SOL), vastus lateralis (VL), biceps femoris (BF), abdominal stabilizers (AS), upper lumbar erector spinae (ULES), and lumbo-sacral erector spinae (LSES) muscles while performing squats of varied stability and resistance. Stability was altered by doing the squat movement on a Smith machine, a free squat, and while standing on two balance discs. Fourteen male subjects performed the movements. Activities of the SOL, AS, ULES, and LSES were highest during the unstable squat and lowest with the Smith machine protocol (p < 0.05). Increased EMG activity of these muscles may be attributed to their postural and stabilization role. Furthermore, EMG activity was higher during concentric contractions compared to eccentric contractions. Performing squats on unstable surfaces may permit a training adaptation of the trunk muscles responsible for supporting the spinal column (i.e., erector spinae) as well as the muscles most responsible for maintaining posture (i.e., SOL). Key words: electromyography, concentric, eccentric, resistance training, stabilizers
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Prearo, Massimo. "Resisting the Epistemic Straight Gaze in the Anti-gender Era: Italian LGBTIQ+ Studies and Scholars, 2013–2023". WSQ: Women's Studies Quarterly 52, n.º 1-2 (março de 2024): 171–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wsq.2024.a924316.
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Abstract: This article discusses the challenges faced by scholars involved in gender and LGBTIQ+ studies and research, within a context of increased attacks by anti-gender coalitions of social movements and parties. It highlights the precarious and vulnerable position of gender and LGBTIQ+ scholars in an academic environment set by neoliberal agendas and anti-gender rhetoric. The contribution reflects on the role of academic institutions in reinforcing dominant power structures and the resistance efforts by LGBTIQ+ scholars against this backdrop. The study underscores the importance of understanding these dynamics for the future of LGBTIQ+ studies and the broader context of academic freedom and knowledge production in Italy and beyond.
13
Barthold, Charles. "Etienne Balibar in Conversation: Revisiting European Marxism". Theory, Culture & Society 36, n.º 7-8 (26 de outubro de 2019): 231–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263276419877955.
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In this interview, Balibar provides a number of reflections on the articulation of different Marxist traditions, including Italian Marxism and the Neue Marx Lektüre, to his own Althusserian position. Similarly, he comments on his relationship to the readings of French theory upon Marx’s oeuvre. He further develops an analysis of the contemporary challenges posed by capitalism – and its different crises – to critical theory, social sciences and social movements. Then, he argues that financialization and the Anthropocene are central issues. He concludes with thoughts on internationalism and citizenship, which he believes to be indispensable political elements in order to conceptualize resistance in this crisis context.
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Bocci, A., I. Angelini, P. Brambilla, A. Monaco e S. Lovari. "Shifter and resident red deer: intrapopulation and intersexual behavioural diversities in a predator-free area". Wildlife Research 39, n.º 7 (2012): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr12037.
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Context Population management of meso-large game species; knowledge of seasonal movements and sexual segregation. Aims We predicted (1) a similar mixed spatial tactic in the two sexes (shifters and residents); (2) that reproductive success could be a key factor eliciting a mixed spatial tactic in hinds; and (3) that hunting activities may affect the rutting season, influencing rutting site location. Methods We studied the spatial behaviour of 41 red deer on the Italian north-eastern Alps, from December 2003 to October 2007, by VHF radio-tracking. Key results For both sexes, two main spatial tactics were described, including residents, remaining in the same area all year long, and shifters, using non-overlapping seasonal home ranges. Most deer showed consistent spatial behaviour. In all, 87% of stags and 49% of hinds were shifters. Sexual segregation was greater in winter than in summer. All hinds wintered in the same valley, with residents in the qualitatively poorer, but protected, area. Resident hinds showed a variable yearly reproductive success, whereas usually all shifters had a calf at heel. Rutting areas of hinds overlapped with their winter or summer ranges, whereas stags occupied up to three different areas yearly. Deer distribution determined a different harvesting pressure on the two sexes. Conclusions Although shifters and residents were found in both sexes, differences in spatial behaviour of stags and hinds were consistent for seasonal occupancy, habitat selection and number of seasonal home ranges. For hinds, a mixed spatial tactic, seasonality and hunting activities could be key factors of reproductive success. Implications Hunting could affect the proportions of shifter and resident hinds at different levels, with the latter benefiting from the protection accorded. This unequally distributed selective harvesting may alter the local social structure and population dynamics in the long term. Shifter behaviour, seasonal movements and sexual segregation may bias population estimates, if counts are conducted when individuals make seasonal movements. Furthermore, the size of a hunting unit should be function of the extent of local movements of deer.
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TORTORELLA, Francesca. "La Déclaration de Chivasso. Un exemple de projet fédéral infra et supranational". Journal of European Integration History 26, n.º 1 (2020): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0947-9511-2020-1-95.
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During Second World War, Italian resistance fighters from the Aosta Valley and the Vaudois valleys meet in Chivasso to think about an international system for the post- war era. They defend a republican and democratic political system, and, far from micro-nationalism, they are the bearers of a federal project which combines the autonomist instances, specific to these linguistic and religious minorities, with a vision of European unity. The result is the drafting of one of the most Europeanist documents of the Resistance in Europe: the Declaration of the representatives of the Alpine populations signed on the 19th of December 1943. This article intends to study and contextualize this document, whose minority nature does not remove its importance within the framework of a Europe still today interested in matters of minorities as well as borders and by autonomist and independence movements.
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Betts, Kevin J., Nancy J. Ehlke, Donald L. Wyse, John W. Gronwald e David A. Somers. "Mechanism of Inheritance of Diclofop Resistance in Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum)". Weed Science 40, n.º 2 (junho de 1992): 184–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500057192.
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A diclofop-methyl-resistant biotype of Italian ryegrass was characterized to determine the expression and inheritance of herbicide resistance and whether this trait was due to the presence of a diclofop-insensitive form of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase). At the whole plant level, the resistant biotype was > 93-fold more resistant to diclofop-methyl than the susceptible biotype. Crosses of diclofop-resistant and –susceptible plants were performed to produce F1 plants. No maternal effects were evident in responses of reciprocal F1 plants to diclofop. GR50diclofop rates determined for resistant, F1, and susceptible plants were 15, 6.3, and 0.16 kg ha−1, respectively. F2 populations treated with a 7.5 kg ha−1rate of diclofop exhibited three injury response phenotypes 3 wk after treatment: a susceptible (S) phenotype which was killed, an intermediate resistance (I) phenotype with severe injury, and a resistant (R) phenotype with little or no injury. Testcross progeny exhibited only I and S phenotypes. Observed segregation of phenotypes in F2 and testcross populations conformed to segregation ratios predicted for a trait with inheritance controlled by a single partially dominant nuclear gene. ACCase activity determined in crude cell-free extracts of resistant, F1, and susceptible biotypes exhibited I50values of 50, 20, and 0.7 μM diclofop, respectively. A positive relationship between the injury response phenotype and site of action (ACCase) response to diclofop was evident in both F1 and F2 populations. In extracts from R, I, and S phenotype F2 plants, 20 μM diclofop acid inhibited ACCase-mediated incorporation of14C by 27.1, 45.1, and 78.9%, respectively. The ACCase data are consistent with the hypothesis that diclofop resistance in Italian ryegrass is conferred by a diclofop-insensitive form of ACCase.
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Gigolaev, German. "Soviet and Russian Historiography of Fascist Italy: A Brief Review". ISTORIYA 14, n.º 12-1 (134) (2023): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840029435-7.
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The history of the study of fascist Italy in our country has 100 years. This period can be divided chronologically into two unequal parts. The first is Soviet, when the Marxist-Leninist approach prevailed, and the second is modern Russian, the main feature of which is the variability of approaches, as well as the access to declassified documents from Soviet archives as a result of the “archival revolution”. Over the past century, Soviet and Russian researchers have achieved great success in studying the internal and foreign policy of the fascist regime, the regime's relationship with various social strata of Italian society, it’s relations with traditional institutions such as the church, or the monarchy; the participation of fascist Italy in World War II, the resistance movement; trends in the Italian historiography of fascist Italy. The study of the phenomenon of fascism is of great practical importance, both from the point of view of the study of mass movements and totalitarian regimes of the first half of the twentieth century, as well as from the point of view of the genesis of the Second World War, but also in the context of exposing the criminal nature of fascism and countering its revival in the form of neo-fascist movements. This article does not pretend to be a comprehensive coverage of Russian historiography, but it attempts to highlight the main issues that Soviet and Russian historians have been working on for a last century.
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Clark, Glenn. "Resistance Movements: The Tempest, Resurgence, and Indigenous Performance on Turtle Island". Cambridge Journal of Postcolonial Literary Inquiry 9, n.º 2 (abril de 2022): 198–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pli.2022.2.
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Inspired by the reinvigorating theory of Wai-Chee Dimok and Rita Felski, I argue that The Tempest resonates with current theory and performance of Indigenous resurgence in North America. With reference to the work of Indigenous performance theorist Floyd Favel, political thinkers Leanne Simpson and Glen Sean Coulthard, and to plays and performances by Yvette Nolan, Monique Mojica, Kevin Loring, and Spiderwoman Theatre, I describe resurgence as culturally recuperative practices of movement on the land that make it feel more comfortable, establish an Indigenous sense of sovereignty, and diminish shame. I emphasize the ways in which the physical and imaginative mobilities of Shakespeare’s Boatswain and Gonzalo anticipate the comforting—and insurgent—land-oriented movements of Caliban. I argue that Caliban’s sense of natural sovereignty is understood better in terms of free and secure mobility than in terms of rule or possession.
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Clark, Glenn. "Resistance Movements: The Tempest, Resurgence, and Indigenous Performance on Turtle Island". Cambridge Journal of Postcolonial Literary Inquiry 9, n.º 2 (abril de 2022): 198–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pli.2022.2.
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Inspired by the reinvigorating theory of Wai-Chee Dimok and Rita Felski, I argue that The Tempest resonates with current theory and performance of Indigenous resurgence in North America. With reference to the work of Indigenous performance theorist Floyd Favel, political thinkers Leanne Simpson and Glen Sean Coulthard, and to plays and performances by Yvette Nolan, Monique Mojica, Kevin Loring, and Spiderwoman Theatre, I describe resurgence as culturally recuperative practices of movement on the land that make it feel more comfortable, establish an Indigenous sense of sovereignty, and diminish shame. I emphasize the ways in which the physical and imaginative mobilities of Shakespeare’s Boatswain and Gonzalo anticipate the comforting—and insurgent—land-oriented movements of Caliban. I argue that Caliban’s sense of natural sovereignty is understood better in terms of free and secure mobility than in terms of rule or possession.
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Murphy, Timothy S. "I Play for You Who Refuse to Understand Me". Journal of Popular Music Studies 30, n.º 4 (dezembro de 2018): 143–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jpms.2018.300410.
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In Italy, the counterculture of the Sixties lasted until 1979, when it perished in the clash between two paranoias: the Italian state’s fear of terrorism and the radical social movements from which it arose, and the terrorists’ fear of the state’s authoritarianism. Popular musicians were trapped between these paranoias, and their music searches to escape from both while chronicling the closing of the space between them, the only space in which countercultural social and artistic experimentation could take place. This essay focuses on the Italian “international POPular group” Area, which acted, in opposition to the generalized paranoia of the period, as a switching station linking progressive rock, electronic music, free jazz, global indigenous music, Fluxus sound experiments and postmodernist poetics with anti-militarist, anti-racist, socialist-feminist politics independent of the existing political party system. To create those links, the band was compelled to subvert the conventions of pop music from within and to move beyond pop’s traditional boundaries into unstructured improvisation and avant-garde formal exploration. Area singer Demetrio Stratos’s death in 1979 coincided with the Italian state’s final crackdown on terrorism and the counterculture and marked the end of the richest countercultural experiment on earth, which still has much to teach us.
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Langman, Lauren. "Capitalism, Crisis, and Contention: Race, Racism, and Resistance". Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 20, n.º 1-2 (25 de março de 2021): 151–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341588.
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Abstract For Marx, the alienation of wage labor and inherent crisis tendencies of capital would foster collective grievances and support for communist movements promising revolution and the abolition of private property, creating a society wherein “the free development of each is the condition for the free development of all.” But a combination of material factors, the rise of the welfare state, increased wages, and later consumerism as well as ideologies such as religion and/or nationalism, thwarted revolutionary fervor in industrial societies. Nevertheless, Marxist theory provides a number of important insights that help us understand contemporary social mobilizations beginning with noting how historical legacies, materials conditions, class interests, and episodic crises dispose many movements, even those that take place on cultural terrains in public spheres and spaces while political economic/historical factors may not be evident. This can clearly be shown by understanding the nature of racism and the massive protests following the murder of George Floyd. The roots of racism, qua white ‘superiority’ were rooted in the colonial era in which the settlers enslaved Africans and forcibly displaced the native populations for clear economic gains. This was ideologically ‘legitimated’ by the dehumanization of racialized Others, it also provided ‘superior’ status and identity to Christian Caucasians. Moreover, such ideologies were sustained through violence, whether armed plantation owners, slave catchers, militias, and later police. For a variety of reasons, slavery ended but racism endures to this very day. But that said, between the growing economic and educational status of Africans Americans and the more progressive cosmopolitan/inclusive values and practices of the young, racism, for many, has waned. But police violence has not. In the face of growing inequality, the pandemic crisis that led to an economic crisis, especially onerous for the young and peoples of color, the murder of George Floyd, going viral, indicated how a number of the crises of neoliberal transnational capitalism migrated to the culture and led to massive protests and resistance against racism and police brutality.
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Majewska, Ewa. "Abortion in the State of Exception". Critical Times 7, n.º 1 (1 de abril de 2024): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/26410478-11082932.
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Abstract In the current revival of fundamentalist right-wing politics globally, Poland occupies an important place given the struggles for abortion and reproductive justice that have been ongoing there since 2016. Together with Mexican, Argentinian, South Korean, and Italian women, Polish feminists contributed to creating the International Women's Strike, which later spread throughout the globe, uniting movements in seventy countries. This article discusses the symmetric heroisms imposed by the conservative governments on women, who have to give birth “no matter what,” as well as on men, who are told to “defend their fatherland.” Such acute, gendered demands for heroism also perpetuate the binary heteromatrix, further marginalizing LGBTQIA+ people and groups. Recent Polish struggles have contributed to the shift in feminist proabortion narratives from the liberal one, centered on choice, to others more preoccupied with reproductive justice. This article argues that the recent legal limitations on access to abortion in Poland and other countries are central to the current effort to reestablish the rule of the state of exception. It also analyzes the weak resistance of grassroots feminist movements organizing for reproductive justice. The refusal to participate in heroic politics requires not only work for better access to abortion but also an alternative kind of subject formation, here tentatively defined as “unheroic,” as well as politics of weak resistance.
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Peraldo-Neia, Caterina, Annamaria Massa, Francesca Vita, Marco Basiricò, Chiara Raggi, Paola Bernabei, Paola Ostano et al. "A Novel Multidrug-Resistant Cell Line from an Italian Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Patient". Cancers 13, n.º 9 (23 de abril de 2021): 2051. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13092051.
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Chemotherapy resistance is a relevant clinical issue in tumor treatment, in particular in biliary tract carcinoma (BTC), for which there are no effective therapies, neither in the first nor in the second line. The development of chemoresistant cell lines as experimental models to investigate the mechanisms of resistance and identify alternative druggable pathways is mandatory. In BTC, in which genetics and biological behavior depend on the etiology, ethnicity, and anatomical site of origin, the creation of models that better recapitulate these characteristics is even more crucial. Here we have established and characterized an intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) cell line derived from an Italian patient, called 82.3. Cells were isolated from a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) and, after establishment, immunophenotypic, biological, genetic, molecular characteristics, and tumorigenicity in vivo in NOD/SCID mice were investigated. 82.3 cells exhibited epithelial morphology and cell markers (EPCAM, CK7, and CK19); they also expressed different cancer stem markers (CD44, CD133, CD49b, CD24, Stro1, PAX6, FOXA2, OCT3/4), α–fetoprotein and under anchorage-independent and serum-free conditions were capable of originating cholangiospheres. The population doubling time was approximately 53 h. In vitro, they demonstrated a poor ability to migrate; in vivo, 82.3 cells retained their tumorigenicity, with a long latency period (16 weeks). Genetic identity using DNA fingerprinting analysis revealed 16 different loci, and the cell line was characterized by a complex hyperdiploid karyotype. Furthermore, 82.3 cells showed cross-resistance to gemcitabine, 5-fluorouracil, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin; in fact, their genetic profile showed that 60% of genes (n = 168), specific for drug resistance and related to the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, were deregulated in 82.3 cells compared to a control iCCA cell line sensitive to chemotherapeutics. RNA sequencing analysis revealed the enrichment for genes associated with epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), vasculature development, and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, underlining an aggressive phenotype. In conclusion, we have created a new iCCA cell line of Caucasian origin: this could be exploited as a preclinical model to study drug resistance mechanisms and to identify alternative therapies to improve the prognosis of this tumor type.
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KOLJANIN, MILAN. "ESCAPE FROM THE HOLOCAUST. YUGOSLAV JEWS IN SWITZERLAND (1941-1945)". ИСТРАЖИВАЊА, n.º 26 (6 de janeiro de 2016): 167–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.19090/i.2015.26.167-177.
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The destruction of the Yugoslav state in April 1941 implied it joining the ‘new European order’ under the domination of the National Socialist Germany in which the Jewish people were exposed to total annihilation. The greatest number of Yugoslav Jews saved their lives by escaping to the areas under the Italian rule. After Italy capitulated in September 1943, a larger number of refugees found refuge in neutral Switzerland. Jewish refugees, like other Yugoslav refugees, enjoyed the help of the Yugoslav government in exile through its diplomatic missions. The conflict of two resistance movements in the country caused a division among the Jewish refugees in Switzerland. Ideological, political and social differences among the refugees were also reflected in the issue of returning to the country after the war. The paper was written on the basis of archival research and relevant historiographical literature.
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Loughlin, James. "Northern Ireland and British fascism in the inter-war years". Irish Historical Studies 29, n.º 116 (novembro de 1995): 537–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002112140001227x.
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During the civil rights campaign of the late 1960s the perception of the Stormont government as fascist was widespread among nationalists—a perception expressed in Nazi salutes and the chant ‘S.S.—R.U.C.’ when confronting the police. The historical reference this perception embodied, however, was less than comprehensive. In particular, it obscured the attraction that fascism and movements inspired by fascism had for many people in Britain and Ireland in the inter-war years; and while fascism did not give rise to a movement of major importance in Northern Ireland, it nevertheless had a more significant presence there than has sometimes been thought. For instance, Robert Fisk's view that the only fascists in the north were Italian émigrés, grouped in Belfast and Derry, is inaccurate. In fact at various times in this period there existed branches of the British Fascists (B.F.), representatives of Sir Oswald Mosley's British Union of Fascists (B.U.F.), together with a brief but significant initiative on Northern Ireland by the leader of the Blueshirt movement in the Irish Free State, General Eoin O'Duffy. Unlike the local representatives of Italian fascism, who confined their activities chiefly to greeting visiting Italian dignitaries and maintaining links with the homeland, these groups were very much concerned with domestic politics. Fascism in Northern Ireland, however, has other claims to attention than those occasioned by their activities alone, for it also serves to illuminate the neglected area of B.U.F. attitudes to Ireland in general.
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Montoya, Cristhian, e Jhoana P. Romero Leiton. "Mathematical modelling for malaria under resistance and population movement". Revista integración, temas de matemáticas 38, n.º 2 (20 de novembro de 2020): 133–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.18273/revint.v38n2-2020006.
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In this work, two mathematical models for malaria under resistance are presented. More precisely, the first model shows the interaction between humans and mosquitoes inside a patch under infection of malaria when the human population is resistant to antimalarial drug and mosquitoes population is resistant to insecticides. For the second model, human–mosquitoes population movements in two patches is analyzed under the same malaria transmission dynamic established in a patch. For a single patch, existence and stability conditions for the equilibrium solutions in terms of the local basic reproductive number are developed. These results reveal the existence of a forward bifurcation and the global stability of disease–free equilibrium. In the case of two patches, a theoretical and numerical framework on sensitivity analysis of parameters is presented. After that, the use of antimalarial drugs and insecticides are incorporated as control strategies and an optimal control problem is formulated. Numerical experiments are carried out in both models to show the feasibility of our theoretical results.
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Neupane, Khagendra. "African-American Cultural Expression: The Defiance of Black Aesthetics". Journal of Population and Development 4, n.º 1 (31 de dezembro de 2023): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpd.v4i1.64239.
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This research delves into the transformative realm of Black Aesthetics as a profound and resilient cultural resistance strategy employed by African-Americans. In a historical context marked by the degradation of the genuine image of African-Americans through Western perspectives, Black Aesthetics emerges as a dynamic force challenging stereotypes and reclaiming agency over cultural narratives. The study explores the foundational influences of key socio-political movements, namely the Harlem Renaissance, the Black Power Movement, and the Civil Rights Movement, in shaping and catalyzing the development of Black Aesthetics. During the 1920s, the Harlem Renaissance served as a crucible for cultural revitalization amid the multifaceted struggles faced by African-Americans. Fueled by a desire to break free from racial stereotypes, this movement laid the groundwork for the emergence of Black Aesthetics as a tool for empowerment and self-expression. The subsequent impact of the Black Power Movement and the Civil Rights Movement on Black Aesthetics is examined, revealing how these movements contested prevailing Western perspectives and sought to redefine the narrative surrounding African-Americans. The Black Power Movement, emphasizing self-determination and autonomy, stood in stark contrast to the assimilations goals of the Civil Rights Movement, collectively contributing to the nuanced evolution of Black Aesthetics. Through an interdisciplinary lens, this research navigates the intersection of art, ideas, and socio-political dynamics, elucidating how Black Aesthetics serves as a cultural resistance mechanism. It explores the multifaceted dimensions of this resistance, including the creation of alternative narratives, the celebration of cultural identity, and the reclamation of dignity. Ultimately, this research contributes to a comprehensive understanding of Black Aesthetics as a transformative force in cultural resistance, shedding light on its historical roots, its evolution through significant movements, and its enduring impact on reshaping the narrative of African-American identity.
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Segreto, Luciano, e Ben Wubs. "Resistance of the Defeated: German and Italian Big Business and the American Antitrust Policy, 1945–1957". Enterprise & Society 15, n.º 2 (12 de fevereiro de 2014): 307–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/es/khu001.
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The article addresses the question to what extent American antitrust policy in Germany and Italy during the 1950s, was a success or not. Did these nations adopt this policy, did they adapt themselves to it, or did they completely reject it? By a detailed comparison of these two big European nations, Germany and Italy—both defeated powers of the Second World War, and both therefore strongly dependent on postwar American aid—the effects of the American antitrust policy will be analyzed. Eventually, the Germans better adapted, after initial resistance of German big business, to the American plans than the Italians, however, only in an amended and softer form. The Italian resistance—but we even use the expression prolonged rejection—to the economic reforms were much stronger. The US administration envisioned a unified free European market without cartels as early as 1943, however, it would take another fifty years before these ideas would be implemented.
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Marcato, G., K. Fujisawa, M. Mantovani, A. Pasuto, S. Silvano, F. Tagliavini e L. Zabuski. "Evaluation of seismic effects on the landslide deposits of Monte Salta (Eastern Italian Alps) using distinct element method". Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 7, n.º 6 (22 de novembro de 2007): 695–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-7-695-2007.
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Abstract. The aim of the paper is to present the modelling of the ground effects of seismic waves on a large debris deposit lying on a steep mountain slope, with particular attention paid to the potential triggering of slope movements. The study site is a mass of 2.5 million m3 rock fall deposit, named "Monte Salta Landslide", located on the northern slope of the Vajont valley, at the border between Veneto and Friuli Venezia Giulia regions in north-eastern Italy. Several historical landslide events were reported in the area in the past, first one dating back to the 17th century. The landslide deposit completely mantles the slope with a thick cover of rock blocks. The Mt. Salta landslide is conditioned by the presence of Mt. Borgà regional thrust, which uplifts Jurassic limestone on the top of Cretaceous rock units. Above the thrust zone, folded and highly fractured rock mass dips steeply towards the slope free face, producing highly unstable setting. The study area has been classified as high seismic hazard and different vulnerable elements can be affected by the remobilisation of debris, among which a village, a national road and a big quarry that was opened, with the intent to exploit the part of the landslide deposit for construction purposes. In this study, numerical analysis was performed, to simulate the slope behaviour using distinct element method and applying UDEC code. The 2-D models were built on three cross-sections and elasto-plastic behaviour was assumed, both for rock matrix and discontinuities. The earthquake effect was modelled in pseudo-dynamic way, i.e. by magnifying the acceleration and applying also its horizontal component. The expected seismic acceleration in the study area was calculated on the basis of previous studies as equal to 0.28 g. The results proved that the increase of the vertical component alone has a small influence on the deformational behaviour of the system. Hence, the acceleration vector was deviated at 5° and then at 10° from the vertical. A small increment of the displacement was observed in the first case, whereas very large movements occurred in the second. Therefore, it can be concluded that, besides the magnitude of the earthquake, even small seismic waves in horizontal direction could trigger significant movements and therefore hazardous conditions. The modelled scenario should be helpful for planning of the functional countermeasure works and civil defence evacuation plan.
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Sinsch, Ulrich. "Movement ecology of amphibians: from individual migratory behaviour to spatially structured populations in heterogeneous landscapes",. Canadian Journal of Zoology 92, n.º 6 (junho de 2014): 491–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2013-0028.
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Both genetic cohesion among local populations of animals and range expansion depend on the frequency of dispersers moving at an interpatch scale. Animal movement has an individual component that reflects behaviour and an ecological component that reflects the spatial organization of populations. The total movement capacity of an individual describes maximum movement distance theoretically achievable during a lifetime, whereas its variation among the members of a local population determines the magnitude of interpatch movements and thus of gene flow between neighbouring patches within metapopulation or patchy population systems. Here, I review information on dispersal and migration as components of the movement capacity of juvenile and adult pond-breeding amphibians and discuss how these components inform the spatial structure of populations. Amphibians disperse as juveniles and adults, but movement distances detected in tracking or capture–mark–recapture studies are usually far below the corresponding estimates based on molecular gene-flow data. This discrepancy reflects the constraints of available tracking methods for free-ranging individuals leading to inappropriate surrogates of annual movement capacity, but can be resolved using probabilistic approaches based on dispersal functions. There is remarkable capacity for and plasticity in movements in amphibians. Annual within-patch movements (migrations) of individuals can be large and likely represent an underestimated capacity for movement at the interpatch scale. Landscape resistance may influence the paths of dispersing amphibians, but rarely impedes interpatch movements. Juveniles emigrating unpredictably far from the natal pond and adults switching from within-patch migrations to dispersal to another patch demonstrate the plasticity of individual movement behaviour. Three basic conclusions can be drawn with respect to the linkage of individual movement behaviour and spatial or genetic structure of local amphibian populations embedded in a heterogeneous landscape: (1) individual movements or consecutive short-term series of movements are misleading surrogate measures of total movement capacity; (2) probabilistic modelling of movement capacity is the best available behavioural predictor of interpatch gene flow; (3) connectivity of local populations in heterogeneous landscapes is less affected by landscape resistance than previously expected.
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Garcia, Ana. "Es gibt Alternativen zur ALCA". PROKLA. Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft 36, n.º 142 (1 de março de 2006): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.32387/prokla.v36i142.572.
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The Free Trade Agreement of the Americas (FTAA) could not be set up in the way and time the US-Government firstly wanted. Among others, one of the main reasons was the wide spread network resistance that involved trade unions, social movements and grass roots organizations from North and South America, who worked together to pressure their governments to stop negotiations. A new space for action has emerged in the last few years with the election of left-wing Presidents in South America, converging interest of governments with demands from social movements to overcome neoliberal regional integration. A concrete alternative project against FTAA came up from the cooperation agreement between Venezuela und Cuba, but extended to other countries: The "bolivarian" Alternative for the Americas and Caribbean (ALBA) seeks to establish solidary ways of integration in Latin America.
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Goble, Jacob A., Yanxin Zhang, Yury Shimansky, Siddharth Sharma e Natalia V. Dounskaia. "Directional Biases Reveal Utilization of Arm's Biomechanical Properties for Optimization of Motor Behavior". Journal of Neurophysiology 98, n.º 3 (setembro de 2007): 1240–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00582.2007.
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Strategies used by the CNS to optimize arm movements in terms of speed, accuracy, and resistance to fatigue remain largely unknown. A hypothesis is studied that the CNS exploits biomechanical properties of multijoint limbs to increase efficiency of movement control. To test this notion, a novel free-stroke drawing task was used that instructs subjects to make straight strokes in as many different directions as possible in the horizontal plane through rotations of the elbow and shoulder joints. Despite explicit instructions to distribute strokes uniformly, subjects showed biases to move in specific directions. These biases were associated with a tendency to perform movements that included active motion at one joint and largely passive motion at the other joint, revealing a tendency to minimize intervention of muscle torque for regulation of the effect of interaction torque. Other biomechanical factors, such as inertial resistance and kinematic manipulability, were unable to adequately account for these significant biases. Also, minimizations of jerk, muscle torque change, and sum of squared muscle torque were analyzed; however, these cost functions failed to explain the observed directional biases. Collectively, these results suggest that knowledge of biomechanical cost functions regarding interaction torque (IT) regulation is available to the control system. This knowledge may be used to evaluate potential movements and to select movement of “low cost.” The preference to reduce active regulation of interaction torque suggests that, in addition to muscle energy, the criterion for movement cost may include neural activity required for movement control.
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Muhand kamel shakir. "Effect of the use of resistance training Devices (inside and outside water) to develop the rapid force of the arms and its relation to the achievement of the swimmers 50 meters free". Mustansiriyah Journal of Sports Science 1, n.º 4 (12 de fevereiro de 2024): 138–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.62540/mjss.2020.01.04.12.
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The scientific development in the field of sports begins to take qualitative steps in the methods, means and devices used in training. This development also requires to know about the importance and impact of those means and methods that serve the achievement of sport and progress, especially in swimming sport. Here the importance of research has emerged in determining the importance of the methods and training devices used within And outside water to develop the swimmer's ability that can affect the level of digital achievement of swimmers 50 meters free. The research problem is to research and identify any of these methods that have a more effective effect on the development of the rapid force and the digital achievement of the arms and legs of the swimmers 50 meters swimming. The study aimed to identify any of the methods of training following the development of rapid power and digital completion of the movements of the arms and legs of swimmers 50 meters Free. The sample of the research consisted of 8 players from the Iraqi swimmers. The Iraqi swimming team was divided into two experimental groups, one that preaches iron weight training exercises outside the water and the other is a device designed for resistance in water. The results showed that the use of exercises with resistors in the water has a greater advantage than the devices outside the water in the development of rapid strength and completion of movements of the arms and legs of swimmers 50 m free. The recommendations are the need to use exercises with similar resistance to perform in the water in the training of force from the other to gain time and effort in advancing the level of swimmers in the training of teams in the periods of preparation of public and private
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Bertuzzi, Niccolò. "Political Generations and the Italian Environmental Movement(s): Innovative Youth Activism and the Permanence of Collective Actors". American Behavioral Scientist 63, n.º 11 (8 de março de 2019): 1556–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764219831735.
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During recent years, Italian social movements have experienced a period of crisis, in part due to diffuse antipolitical feelings and latent social conflict. However, environmental issues and especially territorial mobilizations remain relevant, due to the appearance of new contentious actors and to the permanence of long-standing organizations and important local grassroots campaigns. Based on 19 semistructured interviews with activists belonging to informal groups and formal associations, this article discusses the role of age and generations within the variegated Italian environmental archipelago, in which organizational and collective aspects prove to currently have a relevant role. Indeed, age does not represent an important fracture, representing a partial anomaly if confronted with the other case studies discussed in this special issue. The only diversities between cohorts are related to the forms of action preferred and (eventually) adopted, while the common perception of job precariousness among young activists is not translated into a single frame and common path of resistance. More than a Millennials’ identity, it is rather appropriate to speak of various and divergent political generations: individuals belonging to different cohorts share some ideologies and visions of the world, especially related to territorial belongings or to specific ways of looking at environmental issues. Also for this reason, a final comparison between contemporary young activists and those of previous generations is proposed to address the generation(s) in movement(s) in a dynamic perspective.
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Fredriksson, Martin. "Open Source Seeds and the Revitalization of Local Knowledge". Sustainability 13, n.º 21 (6 de novembro de 2021): 12270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132112270.
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This article engages with the resistance against the global erosion of seed diversity following the modernization and industrialization of agriculture over the 20th century. This resistance spans from local farming communities that preserve and safeguard traditional landraces to international movements which oppose proprietary seed regulations and promote free sharing of seeds. The article focuses on the latter and presents a study of the open source seed movement: an initiative to apply strategies from the open source software movement to ensure the free circulation of seeds. The erosion of seed diversity can be seen not only as a loss of genetic diversity but also a memory loss where traditional, collective knowledge about how to grow certain landraces is forgotten. Consequently, the open source seed movement is not only about saving seeds but also about preserving and revitalizing local and traditional ecological knowledge against privatization and enclosure through intellectual property rights. The aim of this article is, thus, to analyze the open source seed movement as an act of revitalization in relation to intellectual property rights and in the context of information politics.
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Serventi Longhi, Enrico. "The father of ‘sovereignism’: d'Annunzio in Fiume between the crisis of liberalism and the critique of democracy". Modern Italy 27, n.º 1 (25 de janeiro de 2022): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mit.2021.63.
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AbstractThe essay investigates the occupation of the city of Rijeka (1919–20) by an irregular army led by Italian poet Gabriele d'Annunzio, focusing on the concepts of sovereignism and populism. While people with different mentalities and ideological horizons took part in the endeavour, it was d'Annunzio that gave the occupation its profound meaning. The poet attempted to put into practice his political vision centered around a ‘noble people’, composed of warriors and producers, opposed to the liberal elites and in competition with revolutionary socialist movements. In this sense, the Free State of Rijeka grew into the prototype of a new society based on the integration of racial, plebiscitary, corporate, aesthetic, and political themes. At the same time, the city became a beacon of opposition to the new international order proposed by US president Woodrow Wilson, since it advocated and worked towards the birth of sovereignty for small countries resisting new supranational bodies such as the League of Nations.
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Naves, Flávia, e Yuna Fontoura. "Critical consciousness and resistance: Freirean reflections on the agroecology movement formation in Araponga, Minas Gerais, Brazil". Cadernos EBAPE.BR 20, n.º 2 (março de 2022): 289–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1679-395120210081x.
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Abstract The agroecology movement has become the most relevant resistance to agribusiness in Brazil in recent decades. Grounded on Paulo Freire’s liberating education and critical consciousness theories, we aimed to contribute to Organization Studies (OS) on rural social movements by unveiling the case of the agroecology movement in Araponga, Minas Gerais, Brazil, in its formation phase. We asked: How does the beginning of the trajectory of the agroecology movement in Araponga, Minas Gerais, help us reflect on the construction of the protagonism of the oppressed? Through this case, we highlight that to overcome oppressive relationships, small-scale family farming and peasants/rural workers had to first identify themselves under an oppressive system to which they have been historically submitted. Acknowledging their authenticity and autonomous mechanisms of land access were central to developing new forms of production and redefining their identities. Thus, the second important moment is the pedagogy of women and men in a continuous and permanent process of liberation. Hence, the collective identity and resistance building in the agroecology movement in Araponga arose through farmers and rural workers’ struggle and through their self-recognition as a humanized, critical, free, and autonomous people. This reflects the ‘action-reflection-action’ process of collective and horizontal learning where everyone is both educator and learner simultaneously. From this paper, we encourage more reflections in OS on rural movements through the Freirean approach.
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Mondon, P., R. Petter, G. Amalfitano, R. Luzzati, E. Concia, I. Polacheck e K. J. Kwon-Chung. "Heteroresistance to Fluconazole and Voriconazole inCryptococcus neoformans". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 43, n.º 8 (1 de agosto de 1999): 1856–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.43.8.1856.
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ABSTRACT Cryptococcus neoformans isolates that exhibited unusual patterns of resistance to fluconazole and voriconazole were isolated from seven isolates from two different geographical regions: one isolate from an Israeli non-AIDS patient and six serial isolates from an Italian AIDS patient who had suffered six recurrent episodes of cryptococcal meningitis. Each isolate produced cultures with heterogeneous compositions in which most of the cells were susceptible, but cells highly resistant to fluconazole (MICs, ≥64 μg/ml) were recovered at a variable frequency (7 × 10−3 to 4.6 × 10−2). Evidence showed that this type of resistance is innate and is unrelated to drug exposure since the Israeli patient had never been treated with azoles or any other antimycotic agents. Analysis of clonal subpopulations of these two strains showed that they exhibited heterogeneous patterns of resistance. The number of subpopulations which grew on fluconazole or voriconazole agar declined progressively with increasing azole concentration without a sharp cutoff point. For the Italian serial isolates, the number of clonal populations resistant to fluconazole (64 μg/ml) and voriconazole (1 μg/ml) increased steadily, yielding the highest number for the isolate from the last episode. Attempts to purify a sensitive subpopulation failed, but clones highly resistant to fluconazole (100 μg/ml) and moderately resistant to voriconazole (1 μg/ml) always produced a homogeneous population of resistant cells. Upon maintenance on drug-free medium, however, the majority of the homogeneously resistant cells of these subclones lost their resistance and returned to the stable initial heteroresistant phenotype. The pattern of heteroresistance was not affected by the pH or osmolarity of the medium but was influenced by temperature. The resistance appeared to be suppressed at 35°C and was completely abolished at 40°C. Although heterogeneity in azole resistance among subpopulations of single isolates has been reported for Candida species, the transient changes in expression of resistance under different growth conditions reported here have not been observed in fungal pathogens.
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Boccardo, Francesco, Alessandra Rubagotti, Matteo Puntoni, Pamela Guglielmini, Domenico Amoroso, Angela Fini, Giuseppe Paladini et al. "Switching to Anastrozole Versus Continued Tamoxifen Treatment of Early Breast Cancer: Preliminary Results of the Italian Tamoxifen Anastrozole Trial". Journal of Clinical Oncology 23, n.º 22 (1 de agosto de 2005): 5138–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2005.04.120.
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Purpose Tamoxifen, which is actually the gold standard adjuvant treatment in estrogen receptor–positive early breast cancer, is associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer and other life-threatening events. Moreover, many women relapse during or after tamoxifen therapy because of the development of resistance. Therefore new approaches are required. Patients and Methods We conducted a prospective randomized trial to test the efficacy of switching postmenopausal patients who were already receiving tamoxifen to the aromatase inhibitor anastrozole. After 2 to 3 years of tamoxifen treatment, patients were randomly assigned either to receive anastrozole 1 mg/d or to continue receiving tamoxifen 20 mg/d, for a total duration of treatment of 5 years. Disease-free survival was the primary end point. Event-free survival, overall survival, and safety were secondary end points. Results Four hundred forty-eight patients were enrolled. All women had node-positive, estrogen receptor–positive tumors. At a median follow-up time of 36 months, 45 events had been reported in the tamoxifen group compared with 17 events in the anastrozole group (P = .0002). Disease-free and local recurrence-free survival were also significantly longer in the anastrozole group (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.35; 95% CI, 0.18 to 0.68; P = .001 and HR = 0.15; 95% CI, 0.03 to 0.65; P = .003, respectively). Overall, more adverse events were recorded in the anastrozole group compared with the tamoxifen group (203 v 150, respectively; P = .04). However, more events were life threatening or required hospitalization in the tamoxifen group than in the anastrozole group (33 of 150 events v 28 of 203 events, P = .04). Conclusion Switching to anastrozole after the first 2 to 3 years of treatment is well tolerated and significantly improves event-free and recurrence-free survival in postmenopausal patients with early breast cancer.
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Gross, Michael L. "Backfire: The Dark Side of Nonviolent Resistance". Ethics & International Affairs 32, n.º 3 (2018): 317–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0892679418000412.
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AbstractAlthough nonviolent resistance assumes the moral high ground because its tactics do not intend to harm adversaries, severe ethical difficulties arise when nonviolent activists intentionally provoke harm to themselves. This occurs in a process called “backfire,” as hunger strikers or demonstrators provoke a disproportionately brutal and often lethal response from their adversaries to draw world attention and sympathy to their cause. As cases studies from Ireland, East Timor, and Israel demonstrate, backfire can offer insurgents and national liberation movements significant strategic gains. In Ireland, a 1981 IRA hunger strike radicalized the IRA's campaign against Britain. In East Timor, the massacre of hundreds of Timorese demonstrating for independence in 1991 galvanized world opinion and eventually brought international intervention and statehood. In Israel, the Marmara flotilla of 2010 and mass demonstrations in Gaza in the spring of 2018 refocused world attention on Palestinian grievances while easing the Israeli-imposed land and naval blockade. These events were transformative, but their success depended upon the careful cultivation of violence. An anathema to ideological nonviolence, backfire is often used by strategic activists who will mix violent and nonviolent tactics as circumstances demand. Ethically discharging this tactic requires organizers to articulate feasible operational goals while protecting minors, to mitigate risk, to obtain free and informed consent from participants, and to constantly evaluate the costs and benefits of political action.
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Mattioni Marchetti, Vittoria, Ibrahim Bitar, Aurora Piazza, Alessandra Mercato, Elena Fogato, Jaroslav Hrabak e Roberta Migliavacca. "Genomic Insight of VIM-harboring IncA Plasmid from a Clinical ST69 Escherichia coli Strain in Italy". Microorganisms 8, n.º 8 (12 de agosto de 2020): 1232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8081232.
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Background: VIM (Verona Integron-encoded Metallo-beta-lactamase) is a member of the Metallo-Beta-Lactamases (MBLs), and is able to hydrolyze all beta-lactams antibiotics, except for monobactams, and including carbapenems. Here we characterize a VIM-producing IncA plasmid isolated from a clinical ST69 Escherichia coli strain from an Italian Long-Term Care Facility (LTCF) inpatient. Methods: An antimicrobial susceptibility test and conjugation assay were carried out, and the transferability of the blaVIM-type gene was confirmed in the transconjugant. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of the strain 550 was performed using the Sequel I platform. Genome assembly was performed using “Microbial Assembly”. Genomic analysis was conducted by uploading the contigs to ResFinder and PlasmidFinder databases. Results: Assembly resulted in three complete circular contigs: the chromosome (4,962,700 bp), an IncA plasmid (p550_IncA_VIM_1; 162,608 bp), harboring genes coding for aminoglycoside resistance (aac(6′)-Ib4, ant(3″)-Ia, aph(3″)-Ib, aph(3′)-XV, aph(6)-Id), beta-lactam resistance (blaSHV-12, blaVIM-1), macrolides resistance (mph(A)), phenicol resistance (catB2), quinolones resistance (qnrS1), sulphonamide resistance (sul1, sul2), and trimethoprim resistance (dfrA14), and an IncK/Z plasmid (p550_IncB_O_K_Z; 100,306 bp), free of antibiotic resistance genes. Conclusions: The increase in reports of IncA plasmids bearing different antimicrobial resistance genes highlights the overall important role of IncA plasmids in disseminating carbapenemase genes, with a preference for the blaVIM-1 gene in Italy.
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Maior, Alex Souto, Eduardo Lobo, Marcos Braz, José Carlos de Campos Jr e Gustavo Leporace. "Comparison of ankle range of motion and functional performance between practitioners of resistance exercise with free-weight vs. Machine". MOJ Sports Medicine 4, n.º 3 (21 de julho de 2020): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/mojsm.2020.04.00099.
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The purpose of this investigation was to compare ankle functional performance and ankle range of motion (ROM) between practitioners of resistance exercise (RE) with free-weights versus machines. Twenty-five men participated in this study. They were separated into two groups: (a) Free-weights; and (b) Machines. All subjects practiced regularly RE 5.3±0.7 d∙wk-1 and low aerobic training of 1.2±0.5 d∙wk-1 with a total time volume of 254.9±9.4 min∙wk-1. ROM measurements were taken in both ankles with a digital goniometer. Active ankle-dorsiflexion and plantar flexion range of motion were measured with subjects lying prone with an extended knee on a standard treatment table. The rising on the heel and the rising on toes were used to assess endurance of the ankle dorsiflexor and plantar flexor muscles, respectively. Ankle functional stability was assessed with the Single Leg Hop Test in both limbs. Ankle-dorsiflexion ROM showed a significant difference (Δ% left=21.1%; Δ% right=25.8%; P<0.01) between the Machines Group when compared to the Free-weights Group. Rising on the heel and rising on the toes showed no significant differences between the 2 groups (i.e., free-weights versus machines) (P>0.05). On the other hand, the Single Leg Hop Test (Δ% left=16.3%; Δ% right=15.4%; P<0.05) and number of jumps (Δ% left=27.9 %; Δ% right=26.1 %; P<0.05) recorded were lower in the Free-weights Group compared to the Machines Group. This study found a greater ankle-dorsiflexion ROM and performance during the Single Leg Hop Test in practitioners of RE with free-weights, showing a better control of sagittal plane movements.
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Drinkwater, Eric J., Brook Galna, Michael J. McKenna, Patrick H. Hunt e David B. Pyne. "Validation of an Optical Encoder During Free Weight Resistance Movements and Analysis of Bench Press Sticking Point Power During Fatigue". Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 21, n.º 2 (2007): 510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/r-20406.1.
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DRINKWATER, ERIC J., BROOK GALNA, MICHAEL J. MCKENNA, PATRICK H. HUNT e DAVID B. PYNE. "VALIDATION OF AN OPTICAL ENCODER DURING FREE WEIGHT RESISTANCE MOVEMENTS AND ANALYSIS OF BENCH PRESS STICKING POINT POWER DURING FATIGUE". Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 21, n.º 2 (maio de 2007): 510–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/00124278-200705000-00039.
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Silva, Eduardo. "Exchange Rising? Karl Polanyi and Contentious Politics in Contemporary Latin America". Latin American Politics and Society 54, n.º 03 (2012): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2012.00163.x.
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AbstractFree-market reforms in the last quarter of the twentieth century weakened the point of production—labor unions—asthesource of effective nonparty political countermovement to liberal capitalism. Has another significant source of societal resistance arisen in association with the resurgence of market economics? Building on the work of Karl Polanyi, this article argues that circuits of exchange—the commodification of labor, land, and money—can be powerful sources of movement against contemporary forms of free-market capitalism. It draws on the cases of Argentina, Bolivia, and Ecuador to explore how Polanyi's exchange-based approach helps to elucidate three phenomena: the great variety of identities behind the myriad movements against free-market capitalism, the emergence of community as a powerful locus for organizing, and the proliferation of new forms of transgressive and highly disruptive direct action to reinforce the debilitated effectiveness of the strike.
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McCabe, Maryann. "Fine Chocolate, Resistance, and Political Morality in the Marketplace". Journal of Business Anthropology 4, n.º 1 (21 de maio de 2015): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/jba.v4i1.4790.
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This article takes the case of fine chocolate to explore resistance in the consumer practice of buying branded products labeled fair trade. Ethnographic research conducted in the US, Europe and Japan at two different points in time indicates that moral satisfaction now joins sensual enjoyment in consumer appreciation of fine chocolate. The article examines social processes shaping fine chocolate into a morally compelling one based on use of fair labor in producing cocoa beans. Looking at the cocoa commodity chain reveals how the marketplace is a locus for challenging status quo. Fine chocolate was transformed from deterritorialized product perceived to come from chocolatiers in West European countries like Belgium and France to reterritorialized product connected to cocoa bean growers in tropical regions of the world. I argue that resistance is not equated with free will located within the individual as an autonomous actor but constitutes a form of agency distributed in an assemblage. Consumers are enmeshed in assemblages that have force or momentum. Examining movements in the fine chocolate assemblage (including chocolate lovers and their senses, chocolate products, producers along the commodity chain, and institutional discourse from media, government and industry) identifies a trajectory of change and correspondence between ethical concern and sensual enjoyment.
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Arif, Erman, Dodi Devianto, Mutia Yollanda e Afrimayani Afrimayani. "Analysis of Precious Metal Price Movements Using Long Memory Model and Fuzzy Time Series Markov Chain". International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 12, n.º 6 (28 de novembro de 2022): 202–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.13531.
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Precious metals occur naturally and have a high resistance to corrosion or oxidation. These natural resources are used as investment instruments to protect wealth values, such as gold, silver, and palladium. Price movements need to be understood when investing, and it is achieved through a time series model that predicts future prices. Also, autoregressive fractional integrated moving average (ARFIMA) is used to model price movements with long memory effects, while fuzzy time series Markov chain (FTSMC) is employed for performing numerical approach. It was observed that gold price movement has a long memory effect; therefore, it is eligible to be formed into the ARFIMA model. However, the silver and palladium prices do not contain a long memory effect, which means their movements are only formed through the FTSMC numerical model. The ARFIMA modeling results show that the gold price long memory model has the best accuracy with the smallest error value and also demonstrates excellent goodness of fit. Furthermore, the gold price long memory model movement has long-term stability compared to other precious metals. This provides an investment advantage because it is a stable asset, easy to liquidate in cash, free of interest, has an emergency fund role, and protects wealth’s value.
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Anggraeni, RR Dewi, Bachtiar Bachtiar e Iman Imanuddin. "The Repositioning of Campus as a Cultural Movements Engine in the Eradication of Corruption". Jurnal Cita Hukum 11, n.º 1 (30 de abril de 2023): 95–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jch.v11i1.32124.
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At the theoretical and historical level, the campus has always been a symbol of resistance to all forms of deviation, without exception for efforts to fight corruption as an extraordinary crime. Morally, the campus has an enormous responsibility to ensure and guarantee that Mother Earth is free from all corrupt practices. Even so, the campus is not a sterile area for corrupt practices. This study used a qualitative research method with a statutory approach. The results of the study state that corruption has penetrated into the joints of the life of the academic community, which should actually play a role as a locomotive in eradicating corruption. Recognizing that the corruption virus has spread among the academic community, it is urgent to reposition the role of the campus in the fight against corruption. Repositioning the role of the campus can be started from (i) aspects of the tri dharma of higher education, (ii) administrative aspects, and (iii) exemplary aspects. Repositioning the role of the campus should be done considering that the campus with the characteristics of its value-oriented academic community is believed to be the best place to teach and instill anti-corruption values as an ongoing cultural movement. The cultural movement has made the campus a laboratory for the process of institutionalizing anti-corruption values, principles, and morality. In the long term, this movement will become a culture that can free the nation's leading cadres from corrupt behavior and mentality.
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N, Bincy Mariya. "Towards an Alternative Epistemology of Resistance: A Reading of Pulayathara by Paul Chirakkarode Against the Backdrop of Dalit Christian Liberation Movements in Kerala, India". CASTE / A Global Journal on Social Exclusion 4, n.º 2 (30 de outubro de 2023): 253–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.26812/caste.v4i2.491.
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Religious conversion in Kerala was an immediate solution for the lower caste people who sought to break free from the slavery and structural inequalities of caste. Though proselytization was accelerated by egalitarian and emancipatory ideologies, it became a shift from one oppressive, exploitative social fabric to another hegemonic structure composed of institutionalized religion underlined by casteist ideologies. Christianity in Kerala turned out to be Brahminical and catered to the interest of upper-caste Christians. Despite its egalitarian claims, discrimination unabashedly pervaded the churches of Kerala. Dalit liberation movements in the twentieth century heralded by both the Dalit and Dalit Christian leaders profoundly influenced the public life of Kerala and brought a new paradigm to the slave castes. Such changes were reflected in the literary articulations of the period also. This article examines how the Dalit Christian discourse is inaugurated in Malayalam novels as the result of the Dalit Christian liberation movements in the twentieth century. By employing textual analysis as the research methodology and intersectionality as a theoretical lens, this article analyses Paul Chirakkarode’s Pulayathara (1962) and examines how the Dalit Christian liberation movement in the twentieth century is instrumental in shaping an alternative epistemology and Dalit Christian identity.
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Siegel, Judith A., David N. Camaione e Thomas G. Manfredi. "The Effects of Upper Body Resistance Training on Prepubescent Children". Pediatric Exercise Science 1, n.º 2 (maio de 1989): 145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.1.2.145.
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To assess the effects of a group resistance exercise program on prepubescent children, an experimental group of boys (n = 26) and girls (n = 24), with a mean age of 8.4 ± 0.5 years, participated in 12 weeks of school based training. The program consisted of upper body exercise using hand-held weights, stretch tubing, balls, and self-supported movements. A control group of boys (n = 30) and girls (n = 16), mean age 8.6 ± 0.5 years, had a free-play period. Boys were significantly stronger than girls on all initial strength evaluations and were taller and had lesser skinfold sums. ANCOVA was used to evaluate pre/post changes in cable tensiometer elbow flexion and extension, right and left handgrip strength, pull-ups, flexed arm hang, sit-ups, sit-and-reach flexibility, and body composition parameters. Following the training period, significantly greater gains were made by the experimental group for right handgrip, flexed arm hang, pull-ups, and flexibility. Greater decreases in sum of skinfolds were also found. Training responses of boys and girls were similar. It was concluded that a group strength training program can be an effective means of increasing fitness levels and improving body composition in both boys and girls of this age.