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Bryant, Colleen J., Bruce W. Chappell, Victoria C. Bennett e Malcolm T. McCulloch. "Lithium isotopic compositions of the New England Batholith: correlations with inferred source rock compositions". Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 95, n.º 1-2 (março de 2004): 199–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263593300001012.
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ABSTRACTA strong correlation exists between the Li isotopic compositions of CarboniferousTriassic granites from the New England Batholith, and the previously inferred involvement of sedimentary and mantle/infracrustal source components. Isotopically (Nd and Sr) juvenile, low-K, Cordilleran I-type granites of the Clarence River supersuite have δ7 Li= +2·2 to +8‰ similar to those of arc magmas, the inferred source of these granites (Bryant et al. 1997). Isotopic variability within this supersuite probably arises from heterogeneity within primary mantle-derived magmas, combined with subsequent modifications through interactions with crustal materials. Oxidised, high-K granites of the Moonbi Supersuite have more homogenous and slightly lighter Li isotopic compositions (δ7 Li= +1·9 to +4·2‰). The observed range of values lies within the range of arc magmas, and is consistent with partial melting of arc shoshonites within the crust (cf. Chappell 1978) or the involvement of high-K mantle-derived magmas (cf. Shaw & Flood 1981; Landenberger & Collins 1998). S-type granites of the Bundarra (δ7 Li= −0·1 to +2·1‰; average= +1˙3‰; n=6) and Hillgrove supersuites (δ7 Li= +0·4 to +1·7‰; average= +0·8‰) define a narrow range of isotopic compositions which are, overall, lower than those observed in NEB I-type granites or generally observed in primary arc magmas. Their isotopic compositions are equivalent to those typically observed in shales (primarily δ7 Li= −3·2 to +2·0‰; Moriguti & Nakamura 1998; Teng et al. 2004). No difference is evident in the isotopic compositions of the two S-type supersuites despite inferred differences in the degree of weathering experienced by the sedimentary protolith, or differences in mineralogy of the granites. Granites of the Uralla Supersuite, which have been have formed from mixtures of local meta-igneous and meta-sedimentary components, span a broad range of values (δ7 Li= −1·3 to +3·9‰) which overlap with both the sediment-poor New England Batholith I-type intrusions of the Clarence River and Moonbi supersuites, and the S-type granites of the Bundarra and Hillgrove supersuites. Lower δ7 Li values primarily occur in lower-K plutons from the northern portion of the Uralla Supersuite.Overall, anatexis and magma differentiation do not appear to contribute to significant fractionation of Li isotopes relative to the inferred source components. However, subtly lower δ7 Li values, evident in the three leucogranites analysed herein, imply that subtle Li isotopic fractionation may occur in association with the exsolution of an aqueous fluid. Like most isotopic systems, the Li isotopic composition of rocks is not a definitive guide to source rock compositions, but given the results herein, the present authors suggest that it may play a very useful role in understanding crustal processes.
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Huong, Tran Thi, e Nguyen Hoang. "Petrology, geochemistry, and Sr, Nd isotopes of mantle xenolith in Nghia Dan alkaline basalt (West Nghe An): implications for lithospheric mantle characteristics beneath the region". VIETNAM JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES 40, n.º 3 (4 de junho de 2018): 207–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-7187/40/3/12614.
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Study of petrological and geochemical characteristics of mantle peridotite xenoliths in Pliocene alkaline basalt in Nghia Dan (West Nghe An) was carried out. Rock-forming clinopyroxenes, the major trace element containers, were separated from the xenoliths to analyze for major, trace element and Sr-Nd isotopic compositions. The data were interpreted for source geochemical characteristics and geodynamic processes of the lithospheric mantle beneath the region. The peridotite xenoliths being mostly spinel-lherzolites in composition, are residual entities having been produced following partial melting events of ultramafic rocks in the asthenosphere. They are depleted in trace element abundance and Sr-Nd isotopic composition. Some are even more depleted as compared to mid-ocean ridge mantle xenoliths. Modelled calculation based on trace element abundances and their corresponding solid/liquid distribution coefficients showed that the Nghia Dan mantle xenoliths may be produced of melting degrees from 8 to 12%. Applying various methods for two-pyroxene temperature- pressure estimates, the Nghia Dan mantle xenoliths show ranges of crystallization temperature and pressure, respectively, of 1010-1044°C and 13-14.2 kbar, roughly about 43km. A geotherm constructed for the mantle xenoliths showed a higher geothermal gradient as compared to that of in the western Highlands (Vietnam) and a conductive model, implying a thermal perturbation under the region. The calculated Sm-Nd model ages for the clinopyroxenes yielded 127 and 122 Ma. 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Gudelius, Dominik, Sonja Aulbach, Hans-Michael Seitz e Roberto Braga. "Crustal fluids cause strong Lu-Hf fractionation and Hf-Nd-Li isotopic provinciality in the mantle of continental subduction zones". Geology 50, n.º 2 (2 de novembro de 2021): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g49317.1.
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Abstract Metasomatized mantle wedge peridotites exhumed within high-pressure terranes of continental collision zones provide unique insights into crust-mantle interaction and attendant mass transfer, which are critical to our understanding of terrestrial element cycles. Such peridotites occur in high-grade gneisses of the Ulten Zone in the European Alps and record metasomatism by crustal fluids at 330 Ma and high-pressure conditions (2.0 GPa, 850 °C) that caused a transition from coarse-grained, garnet-bearing to fine-grained, amphibole-rich rocks. We explored the effects of crustal fluids on canonically robust Lu-Hf peridotite isotope signatures in comparison with fluid-sensitive trace elements and Nd-Li isotopes. Notably, we found that a Lu-Hf pseudo-isochron is created by a decrease in bulk-rock 176Lu/177Hf from coarse- to fine-grained peridotite that is demonstrably caused by heavy rare earth element (HREE) loss during fluid-assisted, garnet-consuming, amphibole-forming reactions accompanied by enrichment in fluid-mobile elements and the addition of unradiogenic Nd. Despite close spatial relationships, some peridotite lenses record more intense fluid activity that causes complete garnet breakdown and high field strength element (HFSE) addition along with the addition of crust-derived unradiogenic Hf, as well as distinct chromatographic light REE (LREE) fractionation. We suggest that the observed geochemical and isotopic provinciality between peridotite lenses reflects different positions relative to the crustal fluid source at depth. This interpretation is supported by Li isotopes: inferred proximal peridotites show light δ7Li due to strong kinetic Li isotope fractionation (−4.7–2.0‰) that accompanies Li enrichment, whereas distal peridotites show Li contents and δ7Li similar to those of the depleted mantle (1.0–7.2‰). Thus, Earth's mantle can acquire significant Hf-Nd-Li-isotopic heterogeneity during locally variable ingress of crustal fluids in continental subduction zones.
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Patra, Arghya, e Paul V. Braun. "(Industrial Electrochemistry and Electrochemical Engineering Division H. H. Dow Memorial Student Achievement Award) Electrochemically Grown Highly Textured Thick Ceramic Oxide Films for Energy Storage: A New Manufacturing Paradigm for Cathode Materials". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, n.º 26 (9 de outubro de 2022): 1025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02261025mtgabs.
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Electrochemical synthesis of materials has contributed to significant breakthroughs in materials processing by replacing high temperature, cost and energy intensive pyrometallurgical processes. Noteworthy examples include aluminum extraction by Hall–Heroult process, electrowinning of copper, titanium extraction through the Kroll process, electrolytic production of steel, and electrochemical synthesis of cement. Increasing the energy and power density of alkali ion intercalated transition metal oxide cathodes which power electric cars and portable electronics, has been a growing topic of global techno-economic interest. Our work demonstrates a direct electrodeposition of thick ternary ceramic oxide films as an alternate scalable manufacturing technique for fabrication of binder-and-additive free cathode materials for secondary battery. Employing an intermediate temperature (200-400°C) molten hydroxide-based electrodeposition method, a general electrochemical growth strategy for multiple Li and Na ion cathode chemistries is demonstrated for the first time including NaCoO2, NaMnO2, LiCoO2, Li2MnO3, LiMnO2, LiMn2O4, (A. Patra, P.V. Braun et. al, PNAS, 2021) in a thick (> 50 µm) thick film form factor. In-plane and through-plane texture can be electrochemically architectured in LiCoO2 and NaCoO2 films across multiple textures: <003>||ND (Li/Na ion blocking sites parallel to the normal direction), <101>||ND, <104>||ND, <110>||ND (fast lithium ion conducting sites parallel to the normal direction). An accurate control of crystallization dynamics leads to highly anisotropic, grain boundary engineered structure with low tortuosity and fastest electron and Li ion conducting pathways (<110>||ND) oriented normal to the current collector. The highly textured (<110>||ND), dense (>95%) electroplated cathodes can perform even at ultrahigh thickness of ~ 200 µm (areal capacity of ~13.6 mAh/cm2) in comparison to 40-60 µm for conventional slurry cast cathodes (areal capacity of ~3-4 mAh/cm2 with a porosity of ~10-20%), a fivefold increase in areal capacity and volumetric energy density (A. Patra, P.V. Braun et. al, to be submitted). In order to enable a high voltage (> 4.5 V vs. Li) cathode design, a functionally graded architecture is also demonstrated with a core capable of providing high-capacity and rate capability (LCO <110>||ND); and multiple capping layers (LCO <003>||ND and Li2MnO3) to suppress harmful side reactions occurring at voltages beyond the normal operation range (beyond 4.2 V vs. Li). Our work paves the way towards an electrosynthesis platform for functional oxides with the ability to generate micron scale ordering with controllable in-and-through-plane orientation in thick ceramic oxide films important for electrochemical energy storage.
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Kakiuchi, Masahisa. "Fractionation of Hydrogen Isotopes in Aqueous Lithium Chloride Solutions". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 43, n.º 5 (1 de maio de 1988): 449–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1988-0509.
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The D/H ratio of hydrogen gas in equilibrium with water vapor over aqueous lithium chloride solutions was measured at 25 °C, using a hydrophobic platinum catalyst. Experimental details are described. The hydrogen isotope effect between the solution and pure water depends linearly on the LiCl concentration up to ca. 12 m, and at higher concentrations a marked deviation from linearity takes place, as was also observed for the oxygen isotope effect measured by Bopp et al. On the basis of these hydrogen and oxygen isotope effects it is concluded that H218O is enriched in the water molecules coordinated to Li+ ions and HD16O is enriched in the free water molecules of the solution. The observed deviation from linearity for concentrations higher than ca. 12m is interpreted in terms of structural changes in the hydration sphere of the Li+ ions.
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Yang, Chengfan, Nathalie Vigier, Shouye Yang, Marie Revel e Lei Bi. "Clay Li and Nd isotopes response to hydroclimate changes in the Changjiang (Yangtze) basin over the past 14,000 years". Earth and Planetary Science Letters 561 (maio de 2021): 116793. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2021.116793.
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Kurbatov, Andrei V., Paul A. Mayewski, Jorgen P. Steffensen, Allen West, Douglas J. Kennett, James P. Kennett, Ted E. Bunch et al. "Discovery of a nanodiamond-rich layer in the Greenland ice sheet". Journal of Glaciology 56, n.º 199 (2010): 747–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/002214310794457191.
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AbstractWe report the discovery in the Greenland ice sheet of a discrete layer of free nanodiamonds (NDs) in very high abundances, implying most likely either an unprecedented influx of extraterrestrial (ET) material or a cosmic impact event that occurred after the last glacial episode. From that layer, we extracted n-diamonds and hexagonal diamonds (lonsdaleite), an accepted ET impact indicator, at abundances of up to about 5×106 times background levels in adjacent younger and older ice. The NDs in the concentrated layer are rounded, suggesting they most likely formed during a cosmic impact through some process similar to carbon-vapor deposition or high-explosive detonation. This morphology has not been reported previously in cosmic material, but has been observed in terrestrial impact material. This is the first highly enriched, discrete layer of NDs observed in glacial ice anywhere, and its presence indicates that ice caps are important archives of ET events of varying magnitudes. Using a preliminary ice chronology based on oxygen isotopes and dust stratigraphy, the ND-rich layer appears to be coeval with ND abundance peaks reported at numerous North American sites in a sedimentary layer, the Younger Dryas boundary layer (YDB), dating to 12.9 ± 0.1 ka. However, more investigation is needed to confirm this association.
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Chen, Changjian, Shuan-Hong Zhang, Yue Zhao, Jun-Ling Pei, Jian-Min Liu e Liang Gao. "Genetic relations between enclaves and their host granitoids from Doumer Island, northern Antarctic Peninsula: Evidence from mineral chemistry, Sr–Nd and Li isotopes". Lithos 398-399 (outubro de 2021): 106235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2021.106235.
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Horita, Juske. "Discussion on the studies of position-specific carbon isotopes of propane by Li et al. (2018), Zhang et al. (2022) and Shuai et al. (2023)". Organic Geochemistry 192 (junho de 2024): 104795. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2024.104795.
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HOU, Jianglong, Biao JIANG e Hongzhang DAI. "Geochemistry, Monazite U–Pb Dating, and Li–Nd Isotopes of the Madi Rare Metal Granite in the Northeastern Part of the North China Craton". Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition 93, n.º 4 (agosto de 2019): 901–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1755-6724.13798.
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Singer, Christian R., Harald Behrens, Ingo Horn, Martin Oeser, Ralf Dohmen e Stefan Weyer. "Li–Na interdiffusion and diffusion-driven lithium isotope fractionation in pegmatitic melts". European Journal of Mineralogy 35, n.º 6 (16 de novembro de 2023): 1009–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ejm-35-1009-2023.
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Abstract. In this study, we investigate the diffusion of Li and its stable isotopes (6Li and 7Li) in flux-rich (1.8 % Li2O, 2.6 % B2O3, 2.3 % P2O5 and 3 % F) pegmatitic melts in order to contribute to the understanding of Li enrichment in such systems. Two glasses were synthesized with a model pegmatitic composition, one of which is highly enriched in Li (> 1 wt %, PEG2-blue) and the other one essentially Li-free (PEG2-Li-free). Diffusion couple experiments were performed to determine the chemical diffusivity of Li in dry pegmatitic melts. Experiments were conducted using rapid-heat and rapid-quench cold-seal pressure vessels in a temperature range of 650–940 ∘C at 100 MPa with Ar as the pressure medium. We observed rapidly formed diffusion profiles, driven by an interdiffusive exchange of the monovalent alkalis Li and Na, while the other elements are immobile on the timescale of experiments (1–30 min). From these experiments, activation energies for Li–Na interdiffusion were determined as 99 ± 7 kJ mol−1 with a pre-exponential factor of log D0 = −5.05 ± 0.33 (D0 in m2 s−1). Li and Na partitioning between the stronger depolymerized PEG2-blue and the less depolymerized PEG2-Li-free leads to a concentration jump at the interface; i.e. Na is enriched in the more depolymerized PEG2-blue. Li–Na interdiffusion coefficients in the studied melt composition are in a similar range as Li and Na tracer diffusivities in other dry aluminosilicate melts, confirming little to no effect of aluminosilicate melt composition on Li diffusivity. Thus, added fluxes do not enhance the Li diffusivity in the same way as observed for H2O (Holycross et al., 2018; Spallanzani et al., 2022). Using melt viscosity as a proxy for the polymerization of the melt shows that water has a stronger potential to depolymerize a melt compared to other fluxing elements. Faster diffusion of 6Li compared to 7Li leads to a strong Li isotope fractionation along the diffusion profile, resulting in δ7Li as low as −80 ‰ relative to the diffusion-unaffected regions. This diffusive isotope fractionation can be quantified with an empirical isotope fractionation factor (β) of 0.20 ± 0.04, similar to previously observed β values for Li diffusion in melts. This suggests in accordance with previously published data that a β value of ca. 0.2 seems to be universally applicable to diffusive Li isotope fractionation in aluminosilicate melts.
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Liu, Xiao-Ming, Roberta L. Rudnick, William F. McDonough e Michael L. Cummings. "Influence of chemical weathering on the composition of the continental crust: Insights from Li and Nd isotopes in bauxite profiles developed on Columbia River Basalts". Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 115 (agosto de 2013): 73–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2013.03.043.
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Li, Yun, Yongqiang Xiong e Yanhua Shuai. "Reply to “Discussion on the studies of position-specific carbon isotopes of propane by Li et al. (2018), Zhang et al. (2022) and Shuai et al. (2023)”". Organic Geochemistry 192 (junho de 2024): 104797. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2024.104797.
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Wu, Yue, Nan Ju, Xin Liu, Lu Shi, Yuhui Feng e Danzhen Ma. "Sources of Metallogenic Materials of the Saima Alkaline Rock-Hosted Niobium–Tantalum Deposit in the Liaoning Region: Evidence from the Sr-Nd-Pb and Li Isotopes". Minerals 13, n.º 11 (15 de novembro de 2023): 1443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13111443.
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The Saima alkaline rock-hosted niobium–tantalum deposit (hereafter referred to as the Saima Deposit) is situated in the Liaodong Peninsula, which constitutes the eastern segment of the northern margin of the North China Craton. The rock types of the Saima Deposit include phonolite, nepheline syenite, and aegirine nepheline syenite, which hosts niobium–tantalum ore bodies. In this study, the primary niobium-bearing minerals identified include loparite, betafite, and fersmite. The Saima pluton is characterized as a potassium-rich, low-sodium, and peraluminous alkaline pluton. Trace element characteristics reveal that the metallization-associated syenite is enriched in large-ion lithophile elements (LILEs) such as K and Rb but is relatively depleted in high-field strength elements (HFSEs). As indicated by the rare earth element (REE) profile, the Saima pluton exhibits a high total REE content (∑REE), dominance of light REEs (LREEs), and scarcity of heavy REEs (HREEs). The Sr-Nd-Pd isotopic data suggest that aegirine nepheline syenite and nepheline syenite share consistent isotopic signatures, indicating a common origin. The Saima alkaline pluton displays elevated ISr values ranging from 0.70712 to 0.70832 coupled with low εNd(t) values between −12.84 and −11.86 and two-stage model ages (tDM2) from 1967 to 2047 Ma. These findings indicate that the metallogenic materials for the Saima Deposit derive from both an enriched mantle source and some crustal components. The lithium (Li) isotopic fractionation observed during the genesis of the Saima pluton could be attributed to the differential diffusion rates of 6Li and 7Li under non-equilibrium fluid–rock interactions.
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Shellnutt, J. Gregory. "Igneous Rock Associations 21. The Early Permian Panjal Traps of the Western Himalaya". Geoscience Canada 43, n.º 4 (15 de dezembro de 2016): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.12789/geocanj.2016.43.104.
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The Early Permian (290 Ma) Panjal Traps are the largest contiguous outcropping of volcanic rocks associated with the Himalayan Magmatic Province (HMP). The eruptions of HMP-related lava were contemporaneous with the initial break-up of Pangea. The Panjal Traps are primarily basalt but volumetrically minor intermediate and felsic volcanic rocks also occur. The basaltic rocks range in composition from continental tholeiite to ocean-floor basalt and nearly all have experienced, to varying extent, crustal contamination. Uncontaminated basaltic rocks have Sr–Nd isotopes similar to a chondritic source (ISr = 0.7043 to 0.7073; eNd(t) = 0 ± 1), whereas the remaining basaltic rocks have a wide range of Nd (eNd(t) = –6.1 to +4.3) and Sr (ISr = 0.7051 to 0.7185) isotopic values. The calculated primary melt compositions of basalt are picritic and their mantle potential temperatures (TP ≤ 1450°C) are similar to ambient mantle rather than anomalously hot mantle. The silicic volcanic rocks were likely derived by partial melting of the crust whereas the andesitic rocks were derived by mixing between crustal and mantle melts. The Traps erupted within a continental rift setting that developed into a shallow sea. Sustained rifting created a nascent ocean basin that led to sea-floor spreading and the rifting of microcontinents from Gondwana to form the ribbon-like continent Cimmeria and the Neotethys Ocean.RÉSUMÉLes Panjal Traps du début Permien (290 Ma) constituent le plus grand affleurement contigu de roches volcaniques associées à la province magmatique de himalayienne (HMP). Les éruptions de lave de type HMP étaient contemporaines de la rupture initiale de la Pangée. Les Panjal Traps sont essentiellement des basaltes, mais on y trouve aussi des roches volcaniques intermédiaires et felsiques en quantités mineures. La composition de ces roches basaltiques varie de tholéiite continentale à basalte de plancher océanique, et presque toutes ont subi, à des degrés divers, une contamination de matériaux crustaux. Les roches basaltiques non contaminées ont des contenus isotopiques Sr–Nd similaires à une source chondritique (Isr = 0,7043 à 0,7073; eNd (t) = 0 ± 1), alors que les roches basaltiques autres montrent une large gamme de valeurs isotopiques en Nd (eNd (t) = –6,1 à +4,3) et Sr (Isr = de 0,7051 à 0,7185). Les compositions de fusion primaire calculées des basaltes sont picritiques et leurs températures potentielles mantelliques (TP de ≤ 1450°C) sont similaires à la température ambiante du manteau plutôt que celle d’un manteau anormalement chaud. Les roches volcaniques siliciques dérivent probablement de la fusion partielle de la croûte alors que les roches andésitiques proviennent du mélange entre des matériaux de fusion crustaux et mantelliques. Les Traps ont fait irruption dans un contexte de rift continental qui s’est développé dans une mer peu profonde. Un rifting soutenu a créé un début de bassin océanique lequel conduit à une expansion du fond océanique et au rifting de microcontinents tirés du Gondwana pour former le continent rubané de Cimméria et l'océan Néotéthys.
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Eswara, Santhana, Luca Cressa e Tom Wirtz. "Towards Operando Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Lithium Redistribution in Solid-State Lithium-Ion Batteries: Correlation of Structural, Chemical and Electrochemical Characteristics". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, n.º 60 (22 de dezembro de 2023): 2895. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02602895mtgabs.
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Innovations in lithium-ion batteries rely crucially on the availability of advanced characterization techniques. High-resolution chemical imaging of low-Z elements e.g., lithium (Li) is often difficult in many conventional chemical analysis techniques such as Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy. High-resolution Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) imaging is a well-known technique for the analysis of all elements including isotopes. For this reason, SIMS imaging is used in numerous studies related to Li-ion battery research. While direct imaging of Li in post-mortem battery components is helpful to understand parts of the degradation mechanisms, a complete dynamic view of the evolution of the Li distribution at high resolution during operation (‘operando’) of batteries is required to fully understand the local interfacial processes, charge transport characteristics and the degradation mechanisms. A few reports presenting operando Time-of-Flight SIMS imaging of batteries have recently been published [1], but the lateral resolution demonstrated in these reports is not adequate to study local processes that occur at nanoscale. In order to demonstrate operando SIMS chemical imaging with sub-20 nm lateral resolution, we developed a novel operando methodology suitable for Focused Ion Beam (FIB)-SIMS imaging and analysis (see Fig. 1). An in-house designed magnetic-sector mass spectrometer [2] attached to a ThermoFisher SCIOS Ga+ FIB is used for SIMS chemical imaging. A special operando sample holder was designed to enable electrochemical cycling of batteries within the FIB-SIMS instrument. The micromanipulator inside the FIB (typically used for preparing thin lamellae for Transmission Electron Microscopy) is used to contact one of the battery electrodes through the operando sample holder and complete the electrical circuit. An external potentiostat is then connected to the instrument to drive the charging/discharging of batteries. The proof-of-concept experiments were performed using Li|Li7La3Zr2O12|Li symmetric half-cells. Galvanostatic cycling was performed in-situ inside the FIB-SIMS instrument until the sample failed. SIMS chemical mapping revealed a redistribution of Li during cycling. Lithium rich phases appeared during cycling which likely percolated through grain-boundaries and pores of the solid electrolyte causing a short-circuit failure. These results validate our methodology for operando analysis of Li-ion batteries with the possibility to obtain SIMS chemical images with sub-20 nm lateral resolution [3]. This work was funded by the Luxembourg National Research Fund (FNR) through the grant INTER/MERA/20/13992061 (INTERBATT). [1] Y. Yamagishi, et al., J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2021, 12, 19, 4623–4627 [2] O. De Castro, et al., Analytical Chemistry, 2022, 94, 30, 10754–10763. [3] L. Cressa, et al., Analytical Chemistry, 2023, under review. Figure 1
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FENG, GuangYing, Fei LIU, XiaoLu NIU e JingSui YANG. "Two stages of Early-Jurassic subduction in the Lesser Xing'an Range: Constraints from the zircon chronology, elemental geochemistry and Sr-Nd-Li isotopes of the mafic intrusions". Acta Petrologica Sinica 39, n.º 12 (2023): 3717–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18654/1000-0569/2023.12.12.
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Zhang, Bing, Mingshi Feng, Yiwei Peng, Kai Yang, Yan Zhang, Siyu Wen e Xiaoyang Lin. "Geology, geochronology, geochemistry and Hf-Sr-Nd isotopes of the ‘green-bean rocks’ (felsic tuffs) in the western Yangtze Block, China: Implications for genesis and enrichment mechanism of Li". Ore Geology Reviews 162 (novembro de 2023): 105729. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2023.105729.
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Cavaliere, Sara, Carlos Augusto Campos-Roldán, Pierre-Yves Blanchard, Raphael Chattot, Jacques Rozière e Deborah J. Jones. "(Invited) Structure-Reactivity Relationship for Pt-Rare Earth Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, n.º 40 (22 de dezembro de 2023): 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02401988mtgabs.
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Alloys of Pt with rare-earth metals (REM) have been demonstrated as one of the most promising candidates with high activity towards oxygen reduction reaction and durability with respect to pure Pt and Pt-alloys with late transition metals1,2. However, due to very low reduction potentials and high oxygen affinity of such elements, the synthesis of Pt-REM nanoalloys by conventional chemical methods is not trivial. Our group prepared and characterized a series of carbon supported Pt-REM nanocatalysts using a solid-state route3. A systematic investigation of the influence of the type of rare earth metal (Y, Gd, Nd), of the Pt:REM ratio4, and of the post-synthesis treatment5, on the structural, morphological and electrochemical properties of the prepared electrocatalysts was performed. Operando techniques were used to investigate the evolution of the nanoalloys during the electrochemical experiments, providing evidence for the structural transitions and strain dynamics that govern the electrocatalytic activity towards the ORR. For instance, the evolution of the structural, morphological and compositional properties of Pt-Nd nanoalloys occurring during electrochemical activation was studied by online ICP-MS6. In this presentation an overview of the results obtained on these carbon-supported Pt-REM nanostructured electrocatalysts will be given and the challenges for their application at the PEMFC cathode presented. J. Greeley et al., Nat. Chem., 1, 552–6 (2009). C. A. Campos-Roldán, D. J. Jones, J. Rozière, and S. Cavaliere, ChemCatChem, 14 (2022) Y. Hu, J. O. Jensen, L. N. Cleemann, B. A. Brandes, and Q. Li, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 142, 953–961 (2020) C. A. Campos-Roldán et al., ACS Catal., 11, 13519–13529 (2021). C. A. Campos-Roldán et al., Nanoscale Adv., 4, 26–29 (2022) C. A. Campos-Roldán et al., sumbitted. The research leading to these results has received funding from the IMMORTAL project, which receives funding from the Fuel Cells and Hydrogen 2 Joint Undertaking (now Clean Hydrogen Partnership) under Grant Agreement No. 101006641. This Joint Undertaking receives support from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, Hydrogen Europe and Hydrogen Europe Research.
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Maza, Mustapha, Louis Briqueu, Jean-Marie Dautria e Delphine Bosch. "Le complexe annulaire d'âge Oligocène de l'Achkal (hoggar Central, Sud Algérie) : témoin de la transition au Cénozoïque entre les magmatismes tholéitique et alcalin. Évidences par les isotopes du Sr, Nd et Pb". Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences - Series IIA - Earth and Planetary Science 327, n.º 3 (agosto de 1998): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1251-8050(98)80004-9.
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TROLL, VALENTIN R., JANE P. CHADWICK, ROBERT M. ELLAM, SUSAN Mc DONNELL, C. HENRY EMELEUS e IAN G. MEIGHAN. "Sr and Nd isotope evidence for successive crustal contamination of Slieve Gullion ring-dyke magmas, Co. Armagh, Ireland". Geological Magazine 142, n.º 6 (novembro de 2005): 659–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756805001068.
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The Palaeogene Slieve Gullion Igneous Centre in southern Armagh, Northern Ireland, consists of a layered central intrusive complex surrounded by a prominent and slightly older ring-dyke that intrudes both Lower Palaeozoic sedimentary rocks and the Caledonian Newry Granodiorite pluton (452 Ma). The ring-dyke comprises two major rock types: porphyritic felsite and porphyritic granophyre. We analysed both ring-dyke lithologies, both types of country rock, and a local Palaeogene basalt dyke sample for Sr and Nd isotopes. Trace element and whole rock data for this suite suggest that there are two distinct groups of both felsite and granophyre: one Si-rich and one Si-poor, most likely representing two magmas from a zoned chamber and their mushy chamber wall equivalents (McDonnell et al. 2004). Isotope data show the low-Si rocks to be higher in radiogenic Sr than the high-Si rocks, which is inconsistent with a simple AFC-scenario of increasing sediment assimilation with higher degrees of differentiation. However, using MORB-type basalt as a starting composition, the low-Si ring-dyke rocks can be modelled through AFC with Lower Palaeozoic sedimentary rock as the contaminant. The decreasing 87Sr/86Sr trend from low-Si to high-Si dyke rocks, in turn, represents a second stage of contamination. Selective assimilation of the most fusible portions of Newry Granodiorite, which is lower in radiogenic Sr than the local sedimentary rocks, appears to be the most plausible solution. The Sr and Nd data are consistent with (a) at least a two-stage contamination history during upper crustal residence and storage, whereby fractionating magmas of basaltic and intermediate composition are contaminated by local sedimentary rocks, giving rise to rhyolite magmas that experience additional shallow contamination by Newry Granodiorite, and (b) a zoned rhyolite magma chamber where high-Si magma is stored in the upper part of the chamber where crystallization and crustal contamination are most extensive.
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Calautti, Cinzia, Francois Leroy, Jean Yves Guincestre, Rose Marie Marie, Fausto Viader e Jean Claude Baron. "Motor recovery after striato-capsular stroke (SCS) depends on normal laterality of brain activation: a longitudinal PET study". Stroke 32, suppl_1 (janeiro de 2001): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/str.32.suppl_1.334-d.
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101 Introduction: Although bilateral motor network overactivations during finger motion are documented after stroke, their relation with actual recovery is unknown. One longitudinal study reported a shift of activations from the affected to the unaffected hemisphere with elapsing time (Marshall et al, Stroke , 2000;31:656), but whether this shift was related to recovery was not assessed. Subjects and Methods: In this prospective, longitudinal study of 5 R-handed pts (59±13 yrs) with R-sided hemiparesis due to first-ever left SCS, we obtained two 3D-PET H 2 O 15 studies(ECAT HR+), the 1 st at 1–4 and the 2 nd at ∼8 months after onset (PET1 and PET2, respectively), replicating 4 times 2 conditions: i) rest with eyes closed, metronome on; ii) metronome-cued right thumb-to-index tapping (TIT) at fixed-rate (1.26 Hz). Data were assessed individually with SPM96 and p< 0.05, corrected; controls were 7 healthy age-matched R-handed subjects. We computed correlations between R hand motor performance (max number of TITs in 15 s) and Laterality Index (LI = the affected-to-unaffected-hemisphere ratio of activated voxels, Cramer et al, Stroke , 1997;28:2518). Results and comments: motor scores significantly improved from PET1 to PET2 (18±4 and 29±5, respectively, p<0.05, paired t-test); 2 pts exhibited mirror movement at PET1 and 1 at PET2. Significant overactivations at PET1 affected the whole motor network bilaterally, but were considerably less extensive at PET2, with a significant LI shift (.69±.11 and .08±.54, respectively, p<0.05). Shift magnitude was negatively correlated (Spearman rho= -.975, p<0.05) with clinical recovery (expressed as motor score changes), that is, the more the laterality shifted (i.e., deviated from normality), the lesser the recovery. Conclusion: The shift towards the unaffected hemisphere confirms earlier report, though performance was fixed here. This study is the first to document a correlation between recovery and brain activation patterns after stroke, such that the greater the shift, the worse the recovery.
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Akgün, Mithat, e Levent Kandemir. "Alternatif Fındık Kurutma Sitemlerinde LED Renk Sıcaklığı ve Mesafenin Kuruma Süresi ve Ortam Sıcaklığına Etkisinin Deneysel İncelenmesi". Academic Perspective Procedia 2, n.º 3 (22 de novembro de 2019): 1077–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.33793/acperpro.02.03.120.
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Gıdaların uzun s&uuml;reli ve ekonomik olarak korunması kurutma sayesinde m&uuml;mk&uuml;nd&uuml;r. Geleneksel ve en ekonomik gıda kurutma y&ouml;ntemi g&uuml;neşte kurutma olsa da değişen iklim şartları, kuruma s&uuml;resi ve gıda &ouml;zellikleri a&ccedil;ısından bakıldığında g&uuml;neşte kurutmanın bir&ccedil;ok dezavantajı mevcuttur. Bu dezavantajları ortadan kaldırmak i&ccedil;in farklı mekanik kurutma sistemleri geliştirilmiş ancak bu sistemler de &uuml;reticiler ve sanayiler tarafından yeterince kabul g&ouml;rmemiştir. Fındığı daha kısa s&uuml;rede gıda &ouml;zelliklerini koruyarak kurutacak, hijyenik ve ekonomik bir LED&rsquo; li fındık kurutma sistemi tasarlanarak imalatı ger&ccedil;ekleştirilmiştir. LED ile fındık arasındaki mesafenin değişimi ve fındık boyutunun fındığın kuruma s&uuml;resine etkileri ortaya konulmuştur. Mesafe artışına bağlı ışınım etkisinin ortam sıcaklığına ve fındık i&ccedil; sıcaklığına etkileri &ouml;l&ccedil;&uuml;lm&uuml;şt&uuml;r. LED&rsquo; li sistemde kurutulan fındık, et&uuml;vde ve g&uuml;neşte kurutulan fındığın kuruma s&uuml;releri ile de karşılaştırılmıştır. Doğal taşınımda fındık ile LED arasındaki mesafe 5mm ve &Oslash;16-17mm boyutundaki fındığın g&uuml;neşte kurutma (4080 dakika) ile et&uuml;v, 6500 K, 4000K, 3000 K&rsquo; de kurutma karşılaştırıldığında fındık, sırasıyla %50,8 (2010 dakika), %73,5 (1080 dakika), %77,9 (900 dakika) ve %82,4 (720 dakika) daha kısa s&uuml;rede kurumaktadır. Fındıkla LED arasındaki mesafenin artışınının etkisi en belirgin 4000 K renk sıcaklığında ger&ccedil;ekleşmiş olup; 5cm ve 10cm mesafelerdeki k&uuml;tle kayıpları 15cm mesafeyle karşılaştırıldığında sırasıyla %33 ve %29 daha kısa s&uuml;rede fındık kurumuştur.
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Xiao, Yilin, Jochen Hoefs, Zhenhui Hou, Klaus Simon e Zeming Zhang. "Fluid/rock interaction and mass transfer in continental subduction zones: constraints from trace elements and isotopes (Li, B, O, Sr, Nd, Pb) in UHP rocks from the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Program, Sulu, East China". Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 162, n.º 4 (19 de abril de 2011): 797–819. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00410-011-0625-4.
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Zheng, Jingxu, Lynden A. Archer e Joseph Checkelsky. "Regulating Electrochemical Growth of Metals at Rechargeable Battery Electrodes". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, n.º 22 (9 de outubro de 2022): 938. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-0222938mtgabs.
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Control of crystallography of thin metal electrodeposit films has recently emerged as key to achieving long operating lifetimes in next-generation electrochemical systems for energy storage. Very recent studies show that the crystallography of metal deposits impacts both morphological evolution and chemical kinetics of the interfaces between metal anodes and electrolytes in a battery. We report that the large crystallographic heterogeneity, e.g., broad orientational distribution, that appears characteristic of commercial metal foils results in rough morphology upon plating/stripping. On this basis, we develop an accumulative roll bonding (ARB) methodology—a severe plastic deformation process—that uses commercial metal foils as input. Zn metal—a promising, low-cost-competitive battery anode material— is used as a first example to interrogate the proposed concept. We demonstrate that the ARB process is highly effective in achieving uniform, mono-domain quality crystallographic control on macroscopic materials. After the ARB process, the Zn grains exhibit a strong (002) texture (i.e. [002]Zn//ND). We report further that the texture transitions from a classical bipolar pattern to a nonclassical unipolar pattern under large nominal strain, almost completely eliminating the orientational heterogeneity of the foil. Evaluated as anodes in aqueous Zn coin cells, the strongly (002)-textured Zn suppresses the rough plating/stripping landscape, promotes uniform, homoepitaxial growth of Zn and remarkably improve the continuous plating/stripping performance by nearly two orders of magnitude under practical conditions (e.g., 4 mAh at 40 mA/cm2). The performance improvements are readily scaled to achieve pouch-type Zn full batteries that deliver exceptional reversibility. The ARB process is thermo-mechanical and can in principle be applied to any metal chemistry to achieve similar crystallographic uniformity, provided the appropriate temperature and accumulated strains are employed to achieve severe levels of plastic deformation. We evaluate this concept using ARB to induce strong texturing phenomena in commercial Li and Na foils, which unlike Zn (HCP) are BCC crystals, and demonstrate its success using morphological and electrochemical analysis of these metals as electrodes. Our simple process for creating strong textures in both hexagonal and cubic metals and illustrating the critical role such built-in crystallography plays underscores potentially transformative opportunities for developing scalable, highly reversible thin metal anodes (e.g. hexagonal Zn, Mg, and cubic Li, Na, Ca, Al) with specific crystal textures for next generation batteries that have practical N:P ratios. Key References: Zheng, J., et al. Advanced Materials 34.1 (2022): 2106867. Zheng, J., et al. Nature Energy 6.4 (2021): 398-406. Zheng, J., et al. Science Advances 6.25 (2020): eabb1122 Zheng, J., et al. Science 366.6465 (2019): 645-648.
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Friskop, A., K. Kinzer, M. McConnell, Z. Liu, K. Korus, A. Timmerman e T. Jackson. "First Report of Goss's Bacterial Leaf Blight and Wilt of Corn Caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis in North Dakota". Plant Disease 98, n.º 12 (dezembro de 2014): 1739. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-04-14-0397-pdn.
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In August of 2011, the North Dakota State University Plant Diagnostic Lab received a hybrid corn (Zea mays) leaf sample from Burleigh County in south-central North Dakota (ND). The leaf had long, irregular, water-soaked lesions consistent with Goss's leaf blight of corn. Using a light microscope at 10× magnification, bacterial streaming was observed from the excised edge of leaf tissue. A bacterial suspension was created, streaked onto a semi-selective CNS medium (1), and incubated at 22°C. Dark yellow-orange colonies appeared on the medium after 5 days. Single colonies were subcultured onto additional CNS media. To verify the identity of the bacterial isolate, PCR amplification of the 16S ribosomal DNA from this isolate along with a known Clavibacter michiganensis spp. nebraskensis (Cmn) isolate collected in Indiana (4) was performed using the eubacterial universal primers 27f and 1525r (3). The 1,431-bp 16S rDNA region was obtained for each isolate and they were compared with each other and with those deposited in NCBI GenBank. Sequence alignment identified only one nucleotide difference between the ND isolate and the Indiana isolate. BLASTn search against the NCBI database showed the first 100 hits were described as C. michiganensis or unidentified Clavibacter sp. The ND isolate had a two-nucleotide difference with Cmn isolate NCPPB2581 (HE614873), and a three nucleotide difference was found with the C. michiganensis spp. michiganensis isolate NCPPB 382 (AM711867). To satisfy Koch's postulates, eight corn plants (Golden Cross Bantam) were grown in the greenhouse at 22 to 24°C. Four corn plants were inoculated at growth stage V4-V5 using a suspension of approximately 1 × 109 CFU/ml from cultures grown on CNS for 6 days. Wounds were created on the fifth leaf approximately 7 cm from the leaf tip using a tongue-seizing forceps outfitted with a rubber stopper composed of pins (2). Simultaneously, 1 ml of the bacterial suspension was delivered into the wounds through a hole on top of the rubber stopper. Four control plants were inoculated with sterile water in a similar fashion. No symptoms were observed on the control plants. After 6 days, long water-soaked symptoms were observed on leaves inoculated with the bacterial suspension. Using leaves with water-soaked lesions, the pathogen was re-isolated onto CNS media and subjected to PCR amplification, and the resulting amplicons were sequenced as before. The sequence of the amplicon from the re-isolation matched that of the original ND isolate. To our knowledge, this is the first account of Goss's leaf blight and wilt identified in ND. As the corn acreage and no-till production systems in the state have increased, the economic implications of this disease may become more significant. Recognition of symptoms and proper identification of this bacterial disease in the field should help reduce unnecessary foliar fungicide sprays. References: (1) D. C. Gross and A. K. Vidaver. Phytopathology 69:82, 1979. (2) W. A. Hagborg. Can. J. Bot. 48:1135, 1970. (3) X. Li and S. H. DeBoer. Can. J. Microbiol. 41:925, 1995. (4) G. Ruhl et al. Plant Dis. 93:841, 2009.
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Marcisz, Katarzyna, Zdzislaw Belka, Jolanta Dopieralska, Michał Jakubowicz, Monika Karpińska-Kołaczek, Piotr Kołaczek, Dmitri Mauquoy, Michał Słowiński, Mateusz Zieliński e Mariusz Lamentowicz. "Navigating the limitations, assumptions and conceptual pitfalls of Nd isotope research on peatlands: Reply to the comments of Le Roux et al. (2023) on ‘Neodymium isotopes in peat reveal past local environmental disturbances’ by Marcisz et al. (2023)". Science of The Total Environment 898 (novembro de 2023): 165398. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165398.
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Majumder, Rajib, Irfan A. Rather, Vivek K. Bajpai e Yong-Ha Park. "In vitro antiviral activity of Lactobacillus plantarum using SPF embryonated eggs and hemagglutination assay". Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology 10, n.º 3 (11 de agosto de 2015): 688. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjp.v10i3.24475.
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<p>Serum pathogen-free (SPF) embryonated egg for culturing virus has three main steps: a) candling of egg, b) inoculation of egg and c) harvesting of inoculated egg. Furthermore, hemagglutination assay consists of only one step. The method is easy to perform. However, this experiment must be performed in a class 2 biosafety cabinet.</p><p><strong>INTRODUCTION</strong></p><p>More than 200,000 hospitalizations and around 36,000 deaths are associated with influenza infection every year in the United States. As a consequence of consecutive mutations, new influenza viral strains emerge that further complicate the process of drug and vaccine development. The unavailability of cost-effective and efficient methods for the propagation of virus limits the research and hence, further impedes the process of discovering a potent cure. Propagation of influenza virus using serum pathogen-free (SPF) chicken eggs as the source is being recognized as one of the promising, frequently – used, cost effective and efficient method. Therefore, high yield titer of viral stocks obtained from SPF chicken eggs, has resulted in its extensive use in research laborites especially in drug and vaccine production. However, the ability to reproduce in eggs differ with strains of influenza virus. Avian influenza viruses replicated in embryonated chicken eggs. During the incubation phase, the virus duplicates in the cells and make up the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) — also called the chorialantois. The new viral particles are then produced and released into the allantoic fluid. In this paper we demonstrate how influenza virus is cultured in SPF embryonated chicken eggs and also substantiate the activity of anti-viral drugs by hemagglutination test.</p><p> </p><p><strong>MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT </strong></p><p><em>Disposables</em></p><p> Glue or varnish</p><p> Needle (size: 22 gauge, 11/2 inch)</p><p> SPF embryonated chicken egg [purchased from (강남농장) Kang Nam Nong Jang, Nam Won City, Korea]</p><p> Sterile plastic pipettes (10 mL)</p><p> Sterilized tubes (15 mL) and rack</p><p> Syringe (1 mL)</p><p> Tips for micropipettors</p><p> Virus [Influenza virus H1N1 (A/ Korea/01/2009); (105.5 EID50/100 µL)].</p><p><em>General equipment and glassware</em></p><p> Automatic pipettor for serological pipettes</p><p> Egg candler</p><p> Egg incubator</p><p> Egg puncher</p><p> Humidifier to maintain 80% humidity environment</p><p> Measuring cylinder (100 mL; sterile one)</p><p> Multichannel pipettor (12 channel and 20-200 μL)</p><p> Single channel pipettor (2-200 µL and 100-1000 µL)</p><p> Sterilized forceps</p><p><em> </em></p><p><em>Major equipment</em></p><p> Desktop centrifuge</p><p> Freeze (-70ºC for storage facility)</p><p> pH meter</p><p> Refrigerator</p><p><em> </em></p><p><em>Solution</em></p><p> Alcohol (70%)</p><p> Ethanol: 30 mL</p><p> Distilled water: 70 mL</p><p> Chicken red blood cells (0.5% v/v)</p><p> Red blood cells: 0.5 mL</p><p> Phosphate buffer saline: 99.5 mL</p><p> Phosphate buffer saline, pH 7.2, (1x):</p><p> NaCl 8 g</p><p> KCl 0.2 g</p><p> Na2HPO 4 1.15 g</p><p> KH2PO 4 0.2 g</p><p> Make up to 1 liter with distilled water and adjust pH to 7.2</p><p> V-form shape 96 well microplate</p><p> </p><p><strong>VIDEO CLIPS</strong></p><p><a href="https://youtube.com/v/DL9UvZsVXjk"><em>In vitro </em>antiviral activity test using SPF embryonated eggs</a>: 7.5 min</p><p><a href="https://youtube.com/v/woSUvVgS4hw">Hemagglutination test</a>: 7.3 min</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>METHOD 1: PREPARATION OF VIRUS INOCULUM</strong></p><p><em>Candling of SPF egg</em></p><ol><li>Examine the SPF embryonated chicken egg with the help of an egg candler for any cracks or porous shell.</li><li>Discard eggs having cracks or any damage.</li><li>Label each egg with a specific identification number.</li><li>Incubate the eggs for 11 days in an egg incubator pre-adjusted at 35ºC.</li></ol><p><em> </em></p><p><em>Inoculation of egg </em></p><ol><li>Examine the pre-incubated egg again with egg candler before virus inoculation.</li><li>Discard infertile or damaged egg.</li><li>Place the egg with blunt end up into egg tray. Wipe the egg with 70% ethanol.</li><li>Punch a small hole in the shell over the air sac without damaging the egg using an egg puncher.</li><li>Locate the embryo and inoculate 100 µL of virus by inserting the needle into the hole to amniotic cavity.</li><li>Inoculate in two more eggs in same fashion using same syringe and needle. For statistical analyze and better results inoculate three eggs per specimen.</li><li>Discard disposable into a proper safety container.</li><li>Seal the egg hole with glue or varnish and incubate at 35 to 37ºC for 5 days.</li></ol><p><em> </em></p><p><em>Harvesting of inoculated egg </em></p><ol><li>Before harvesting egg is chilled at 4ºC for 4 hours or overnight.</li><li>Label sterilized plastic tube one per egg and arrange tubes in a rack.</li><li>Clean off the top of each egg with 70% ethanol.</li><li>Break the egg shell over the air sac carefully with sterile forceps. Push aside the allantoic membrane with the forceps.</li><li>Aspirate the allantoic fluid with the help of 1 mL or 10 mL pipette and place in a pre-labeled plastic tube (one per egg). Combine the amniotic fluid from the three eggs into one tube.</li><li>To remove any blood or cells, centrifuge harvested fluids at 3,000 rpm for 5 min.</li></ol><p>[The above protocol was followed from WHO manual on Animal Influenza Diagnosis and Surveillance with some slight modification]</p><p> </p><p><em>Check the activity of bacterial strains or drugs</em></p><p>The mixture of bacterial cell-free supernatant or drug and IFV H1N1 (10<sup>5.5</sup> EID<sub>50</sub>/0.1 mL) are injected into allantoic cavity of 11 days old SPF embryonated eggs and inoculated for 5 days at 35ºC on 80% humidity. </p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>METHOD 2: HEMAGGLUTINATION TEST</strong></p><ol><li>Mix chicken RBS with 1x PBS (0.5% v/v).</li><li>Add 100 µL of samples (A, B, C, D), in first row of wells marked as A, B, C, D, respectively.</li><li>From 2<sup>nd</sup> to last row of microplate add 50 µL PBS, and perform 1:2 dilution.</li><li>Add 50 µL of diluted chicken RBS in each well.</li><li>Incubate at room temperature without disturbing the plate for 30 min.</li><li>Observe wells for positive and negative agglutination.</li></ol><p><strong> </strong></p><p>[For hemagglutionation assay 2-fold dilution of treated samples are made in 50 µL with phosphate buffered saline in V-form shape 96 well microplate. Furthermore, serially diluted samples are reacted with equal volume of 0.5% chicken red blood cell at room temperature to allow hemagglutination reaction (Seo et al., 2012, Rather et al., 2015)].</p><p> </p><p><strong>DISCUSSION</strong></p><p>Influenza contributes by a large extent to global burden of disease, therefore, rigorous work continues into understanding the pathogenesis of the disease. In order to accelerate research in this field several methods have been developed for the propagation of influenza virus. Here, we describe a technique to produce influenza virus in chicken eggs. The advantage of this method is that it is highly reproducible and results in large quantities of high titer influenza viral stocks, which is often necessary for <em>in vitro</em> studies. The method is also useful to screen the antiviral activities of different bacterial strains or drugs.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>REFERENCES</strong></p><p>Rather IA, Choi KH, BajpaiVK, Park YH. Antiviral mode of action of <em>Lactobacillus plantarum</em> YML009 on Influenza virus H1N1. Bangladesh J Pharmacol. 2015; 10: 475-82.</p><p>Seo BJ, Rather IA, Kumar VJR, Choi UH, Moon MR, Lim JH, Park YH. Evaluation of <em>Leuconostoc mesenteroides</em> YML003 as a probiotic against low-pathogenic avian influenza (H9N2) virus in chickens. J Appl Microbiol. 2012; 113: 163-71.</p><p> </p><div><p><strong>PRECAUTION</strong></p></div><p> Take proper safety measures before handling Influenza viruses.</p><p> This experiment must be performed in a class 2 or higher Bio safety cabinet.</p><p> Only store specimens at -70ºC. Influenza viruses are unstable at -20ºC.</p><p> Avian influenza grows well at 35ºC or 37ºC.</p><p> Avoid any possible contamination.</p><p> </p><p> </p>
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GAO, Yanan, Hitoshi Asahina, Shoichi Matsuda, Toshihiko Mandai, Hidenori Noguchi e Kohei Uosaki. "(Digital Presentation) Mass Spectroscopic Products Analysis during Charging of Li-O2 Cell with Tegdme Based Electrolyte". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, n.º 1 (7 de julho de 2022): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01158mtgabs.
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Rechargeable lithium-air battery (LAB) is considered to be one of the most promising energy storage devices because of its large theoretical energy density. Despite significant efforts by many research groups, LAB is still far from practical use and many problems must be overcome [1]. The first problem is associated with the use of air as it contains many components other than oxygen including N2, water, and CO2, which interfere battery reactions. Thus, most of the fundamental studies are not on LAB but on Lithium-oxygen battery (LOB), which uses pure oxygen as an active material. Even LOB has many serious problems, including low cyclability caused by (1) high charging overpotential, which induces degradation of positive electrode (carbon) and electrolyte solution, and (2) degradation/dendrite formation of negative Li metal electrode. To improve the cyclability, it is essential to clarify the mechanism of degradation of electrodes and electrolyte. Here we employed mass spectroscopy to follow products generation during charging so that we can clarify the degradation mechanisms of electrodes and electrolyte. Porous carbon sheet (KJCNT from KJ Specialty Paper), lithium metal (Honjo Metal), 1 M LiTFSI TEGDME (both from Sigma-Aldrich) solution, PE separator (W-Scope), and stainless steel mesh (Hohsen) were used as positive electrode, negative electrode, electrolyte, separator, and gas diffusion layer, respectively. Isotope exchanged TEGDME, i.e., 13CH3-TEGDME and CD3-TEGDME, which were synthesized in our laboratory, and 18O2 (Taiyo Nippon Sanso) were used for mass spectroscopy for precise products assignments. Details of set-up for mass analysis have been reported elsewhere [2]. We carried out online QMS (Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer) measurement for mass numbers of decomposition products between 12-90 during the potential sweep from OCP to 4.8 V (0.05 mV/s). Figure 1 shows the current and mass signals of m/z = 18 (H2O), 32 (O2), and 44 (CO2) as a function of potential. It is clear that current increased immediately as potential was scanned from OCP (~2.8 V ), reached a maximum at 3.3 V, decreased gradually, reached a minimum at 4.0 V, increased again to reach a maximum at 4.4 V, decreased to reach a minimum at 4.6 V and increased again. The potential dependence of O2 signal is very similar to that of current as the main battery reaction is Li2O2 → 2Li+ + O2 + 2e-. Two clear peaks were observed at around 3.3 V and 4.4V, showing the presence of two kinds of Li2O2 [3]. The H2O signal started to increase just after the 1st current/O2 peaks where the current efficiency for O2 generation current efficiency started to decrease, suggesting the H2O formation is related to the decrease of the current efficiency. The CO2 signal started to be significant at 4.1 V where current and the O2 signals started to increase again and reached a maximum at ca. 4.5 V, which is more positive than those of current and O2 signal but equal to H2O peak. Although current increased again significantly at potentials more positive than 4.65 V, no mass signals of O2, H2O and CO2 increased. Instead signals such as m/z = 15, 29, 31, 45, and 60, which are related to organic molecules derived from TEGDME, became significant. Figure 2 shows the online QMS results at 4.65 V. We can see that various mass signals such as 15, 29, etc. were observed at this potential. By careful analysis of the results with the assistance of isotopes 18O2, 13CH3-TEGDME, and CD3-TEGDME, presence of CH3OH, HCHO and other organic molecules with high vapor pressure originated from TEGDME were confirmed. Additionally, we detected molecules with low vapor pressure such as CH3O(CH2)2OH, CH3OCH2COCH3, etc., which were derived from TEGDME by GC/MS analysis of samples collected every 1hr. Based on the products detected by online QMS and GC/MS, possible degradation mechanism of electrolyte can be deduced. I will discuss the degradation mechanism of electrolyte based on the above results. [1] Liu T., et al. Current challenges and routes forward for nonaqueous lithium–air batteries. Chemical reviews, 2020, 120(14): 6558-6625. [2] Ue, M., et al. Material balance in the O2 electrode of Li–O2 cells with a porous carbon electrode and TEGDME-based electrolytes, RSC Advances, 2020, 10(70): 42971 - 42982. [3] Nishioka K, et al. Isotopic depth profiling of discharge products identifies reactive interfaces in an aprotic Li–O2 battery with a redox mediator. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2021, 143(19): 7394-7401. Figure 1
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Fritzke, Jana Beatrice, Sunita Dey, Christopher A. O'Keefe e Clare P. Grey. "NMR Spectroscopic Investigations of the Performance Limiting Mechanisms of Lithium-Sulfur Batteries". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, n.º 55 (22 de dezembro de 2023): 2692. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02552692mtgabs.
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During the past decades, the development of alternative energy sources has become increasingly important as the growing consumption of non-regenerative fossil energy poses a threat to the environment. Hence, developing of next-generation batteries featuring high capacity, reduced costs and improved safety, such as in lithium-sulfur batteries, is of utmost importance. The benefits of lithium-sulfur batteries have led to widespread efforts to understand the fundamentals of the sulfur redox chemistry that drives their operation, as capacity fade has been observed in almost all Li-S batteries.[1] Therefore, the involved local structural changes that correlate with the (electro)chemical processes need to be unveiled during the operation of Li-S batteries, suitably by in situ and in operando methods. This presentation will demonstrate the development and application of one such (operando) technique: nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. NMR spectroscopic measurements allow the probing of the structural changes in a battery during electrochemical cycling. In particular, the application of a non-invasive experimental set-up, which can follow the reaction inside the battery in operando is highly desirable as it provides real-time structural information compared to ex situ analysis.[2] Lithium-sulfur batteries contain various NMR-active nuclear isotopes, like 7Li, 6Li and 33S, which allow the following of the chemical reactions during the charge-discharge process. This includes the transition between elemental sulfur and polysulfides on the cathode side, the formation of the solid-electrolyte interface (SEI) and the metal plating and stripping on the anode side. Herein, we use for the first time a combination of lithium and sulfur in operando NMR spectroscopy to reveal a fundamental understanding of the reaction pathway of lithium-sulfur batteries during the cycling process. Lithium NMR spectroscopy is a powerful technique to apply to batteries, as demonstrated by many previous investigations on different lithium battery systems, since it enables the detection of the chemical environments of lithium species during electrochemical cycling and parasitic reactions in the cell.[3] The great advantage of in operando 7Li NMR spectroscopy is that the 7Li signals of the lithium anode and the deposited metal differ due to the bulk magnetic susceptibility effects and the surface area, bringing the skin depth effect into play. Thus, this method enables a time-resolved and quantitative evaluation of the electrochemical metal deposition during electrochemical cycling. Therefore, it is possible to investigate a critical problem that reduces the cell performance – the formation of lithium dendrites. This lithium deposition is particularly problematic if it occurs uncontrolled and inhomogeneous and the exact mechanism of nucleation and propagation of dendrites is not yet fully understood.[4] The developed technique helps to understand this deposition to improve the safety during cycling. The interpretation of the electrolyte signal in the in operando 7Li spectra is much more difficult because of the overlapping signals. Therefore, in situ 33S and 6Li NMR spectroscopy supports the identification and quantification of (poly-)sulfides during the charge-discharge-process. 33S NMR experiments are rarely reported since 33S is a quadrupolar nucleus characterized by a low natural abundance and magnetogyric ratio, resulting in a very low receptivity. Nevertheless, the developed 33S NMR technique allows the detection of the formation Li2S under in operando conditions.[5] Additional in operando 6Li NMR experiments allow to follow the (poly-)sulfide formation as the spectra yield much sharper lines in asymmetric lithium environments in comparison to 7Li NMR experiments.[6] Thus, these techniques provide complementary results to the 7Li NMR spectroscopic studies and help to elucidate the sulfur redox mechanism in lithium-sulfur batteries. Our developed in situ NMR spectroscopic set-up is a powerful analytical method since real-time qualitative and quantitative detection of different sulfur and lithium species is crucial for understanding the electrochemical process in sulfur batteries. The first time, a combination of in operando lithium and sulfur NMR spectroscopy is presented, providing new insights at the molecular level that are essential for accelerating the development of lithium-sulfur battery technologies. [1] H. Wang, N. Sa, et al., The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2017, 121, 6011–6017. [2] J. B. Richter, et al., Chemical Communications 2019, 55, 6042–6045. [3] R. Bhattacharyya, et al., Nat Mater 2010, 9, 504–510. [4] A. B. Gunnarsdóttir, et al., J Mater Chem A Mater 2020, 8, 14975–14992. [5] R. Musio, in Annu Rep NMR Spectrosc, 2006, pp. 1–88. [6] L. A. Huff, et al., Surf Sci 2015, 631, 295–300.
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Lim, Jonea, Katherine O’neal, Jeffrey Henderson e Joanne Skaggs. "ODP227 Nivolumab Induced Type 1 Diabetes". Journal of the Endocrine Society 6, Supplement_1 (1 de novembro de 2022): A327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvac150.678.
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Abstract Introduction Nivolumab is a treatment option used for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). It is reported to have high response rate to renal cancer cells with rare adverse events to the endocrine system including type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1). Our case reports the use of nivolumab and ipilimumab in a patient with RCC with timeline of hyperglycemia following initiation of the regimen. Clinical Case A 71-year-old woman with RCC metastasized to the lungs experienced adverse effects leading discontinued sunitinib therapy. Her imaging showed increased pulmonary nodules with tumor extension into left superior and inferior pulmonary veins. Therapy with Ipilimumab 56 mg plus nivolumab 169 mg initiated shortly. Pre-treatment labs were within normal limits. Labs remained within normal limits (plasma glucose 82 mg/dL) before second treatment. Less than a week following 2 nd treatment, she presented with generalized rash and was sent to the emergency room (ER). She was treated with one dose IV and a course of PO steroids for total 5 days. Infusions were put on hold. Despite rash resolving, she continued to have low-grade fever (99.1°F). She also reported 10 lbs. weight loss and polydipsia. Three weeks follow-up lab noted plasma glucose level of 559 mg/dL. She was instructed to go to the ER. ER labs: HbA1c: 9.1%,, plasma glucose 525 mg/dL, B-hydroxybutyrate 10.47 mmol/L; UA 3+ glucose; 2+ ketones. She met criteria for diabetes ketoacidosis (DKA). She was admitted, started and later discharged on insulin therapy with referral to see outpatient diabetes providers. Labs obtained during outpatient follow up include: C-peptide 0.3 ng/ml & paired plasma glucose of 246 mg/dl. Nivolumab monotherapy re-initiated later. With insulin therapy, HbA1c improved with most recent HbA1c at 7.7%. Clinical Lesson: There is evidence of anti-PD-1-monoclonal-antibody-induced diabetes mellitus throughreduced activity of PD-1 which is common to both traditional onset type 1 diabetes or antiPD-1 therapy-related diabetes. PD-1 reduction may cause inappropriate activation of T cells causing autoimmune response against pancreatic beta cells. Clotman et al reports 42 cases of PD-1 inhibitor–induced DM1. Half of tested case subjects (22/39 or 56%) had detectable diabetes-related autoantibodies; however, no clear pattern of diabetes-related autoantibodies. Additionally, median interval from immunotherapy initiation to diagnosis of diabetes was 5 weeks in GADA-positive subjects vs 9 weeks in GADA negative subjects. Li Zhang et al reports 735 cases of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) DM: 25% presented fulminant DM1; 45% presented in DKA. Of these, 25% had severe case and 5.5% resulted in deaths. Because immunotherapy use will continue to increase, raising awareness of ICI DM induced by anti–PD-1 therapy is essential. Although incident is rare, missing or delaying diagnosis can not only significantly impact a patient's life but be potentially life-threatening. Presentation: No date and time listed
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Carneiro, Mailon Cury, Fernanda Angelio Da Costa, Paula Gabriela Vieira Chicora, Marcos Sergio Endo e Vanessa Cristina Veltrini. "Abordagem endodôntica não cirúrgica em extensa lesão periapical: relato de caso". ARCHIVES OF HEALTH INVESTIGATION 9, n.º 6 (5 de junho de 2020): 513–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21270/archi.v9i6.4816.
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O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar um caso clínico de uma extensa lesão periapical em maxila, tratada somente por uma abordagem endodôntica não cirúrgica, com expressivo reparo periapical. Paciente do sexo feminino, 52 anos, compareceu à clínica odontológica, com a queixa principal de “cisto crescendo na boca”. Os dentes 13, 14 e 15 apresentavam-se sem vitalidade pulpar. Os exames radiográficos mostraram duas áreas radiolúcidas, uniloculares, envolvendo os ápices dos dentes 13 e 15, ambos sem sinais de intervenção endodôntica. As áreas eram sugestivas de granuloma periapical e cisto periapical inflamatório, respectivamente. Realizou-se tratamento endodôntico dos dentes 13, 14 e 15. Após 11 meses, notou-se regressão significativa da rarefação óssea periapical, não sendo necessária qualquer intervenção cirúrgica. A paciente continuará em proservação até a remissão completa da lesão. O preparo químico-mecânico, associado ao emprego de medicação intracanal, pode ser suficiente para o reparo de lesões periapicais extensas. Sugere-se que o tratamento conservador seja sempre a primeira opção em casos semelhantes, de forma a se evitar cirurgias parendodônticas invasivas desnecessárias.
Descritores: Endodontia; Cisto Radicular; Tratamento Conservador.
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Dantas, Fernanda Suely Barros, Letícia Targino Campos, Raissa Lima Toscano, Gabriella de Vasconcelos Neves, Gustavo Gomes Agripino e Daliana Queiroga de Castro Gomes. "Fotocoagulação a laser de diodo para tratamento de alteração vascular em lábio: relato de caso". ARCHIVES OF HEALTH INVESTIGATION 9, n.º 5 (23 de setembro de 2020): 433–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21270/archi.v9i5.4835.
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Introdução: As alterações vasculares são anomalias de desenvolvimento dos vasos que proporcionam acúmulo de sangue e são de etiologia desconhecida. Fazem parte deste grupo de lesões as malformações arteriovenosas, hemangiomas, linfoangiomas e varicosidades. Embora não raras, as lesões vasculares que ocorrem nos lábios, por vezes, interferem na estética e apresentam dificuldades quanto ao seu diagnóstico e tratamento. Objetivo: Descrever um caso clínico realizado com laser de diodo de alta potência para a fotocoagulação de uma lesão vascular, abordando suas vantagens e limitações em comparação ao tratamento cirúrgico. Material e Método: O procedimento foi realizado em um paciente de 53 anos, sexo feminino, branca, com queixa de aparecimento de uma bolha de sangue no lábio com evolução de aproximadamente oito anos. Ao exame físico intraoral, observou-se nódulo em vermelhão do lábio inferior, do lado direito, próxima à comissura labial, medindo aproximadamente 1,0 cm de diâmetro, de base séssil, superfície lisa, limites bem definidos, coloração violácea, consistência macia e sem sintomatologia dolorosa à palpação. Após a diascopia e diagnóstico clínico de lesão vascular, optou-se pela fotocoalulação com laser de diodo de alta potência. Resultados: Houve regressão total da lesão, após uma única aplicação, sem complicações trans e pós-operatórias, sem sangramento durante a cirurgia, o que proporcionou melhor visão do campo operatório e resultou em um procedimento minimamente invasivo. A paciente encontra-se em proservação, sem recidiva da lesão. Conclusão: A fotocoagulação pode ser considerada como uma alternativa segura e eficiente para o tratamento de lesões vasculares.
Descritores: Lesões do Sistema Vascular; Fotocoagulação; Laser; Mucosa Bucal.
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Jahava, Marlina, Mohd Hafiz Jali, Danusha Pillai, Haziezol Helmi Mohd Yusof, Md Ashadi Md Johari, Aminah Ahmad, Siti Halma Johari, Sulaiman Wadi Harun e Siddharth Thokchom. "Seventh Sense Research Group Home Journals For Authors For Editors For Reviewers Call for Paper May 2023 IJEEE Aim & Scope Editorial Board Paper Submission Current Issue Archives Publication Ethics Guidelines for Authors Guidelines for Editors Guidelines for Reviewer Indexing Article Processing charges Mode of Payment for APC Paper Template Copyright Form Alcohol Sensing Device using Glass Substrates Coated with Agarose Gel and HEC/PVDF Nanomaterial International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering © 2023 by SSRG - IJEEE Journal Volume 10 Issue 4 Year of Publication : 2023 Authors : Marlina Jahava, Mohd Hafiz Jali, Danusha Pillai, Haziezol Helmi Mohd Yusof, Md. Ashadi Md Johari, Aminah Ahmad, Siti Halma Johari, Sulaiman Wadi Harun, Siddharth Thokchom 10.14445/23488379/IJEEE-V10I4P104 pdf How to Cite? Marlina Jahava, Mohd Hafiz Jali, Danusha Pillai, Haziezol Helmi Mohd Yusof, Md. Ashadi Md Johari, Aminah Ahmad, Siti Halma Johari, Sulaiman Wadi Harun, Siddharth Thokchom, "Alcohol Sensing Device using Glass Substrates Coated with Agarose Gel and HEC/PVDF Nanomaterial," SSRG International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 37-45, 2023. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/23488379/IJEEE-V10I4P104 Abstract: This paper reported the development of an alcohol sensor based on a glass substrate platform. The glass substrate was coated with two nanomaterial types: Hydroxyethylcellulose/Polyvinylidene fluoride (HEC/PVDF) and Agarose Gel, for comparison purposes. Three layers of coating material have been applied to the glass substrate to obtain the optimum sensing response. The coated glass substrate is kept dry for 24 hours before expose to variations of ethanol concentration to investigate the sensing response. A significant response to alcohol concentrations has been observed for both samples due to the changeable refractive index layer of the coating material. The sensitivity improved by a factor of 1.18 and 1.51, respectively, compared to the bared glass. The proposed sensor employed low-cost and commercially available components such as a glass substrate, LED light source and Arduino microcontroller to perform as an alcohol sensor. It prevents using expensive laser-based sensors, which is less practical in real industrial applications. Based on the experiment results, the HEC/PVDF-coated glass produced has demonstrated better results in terms of repeatability, hysteresis, stability and sensitivity as compared to agarose gel-coated glass. Hence the proposed sensor has a decent potential as an alcohol sensor Keywords: Alcohol sensor, Glass substrate, HEC/PVDF, Agarose gel. References: [1] G. 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Ma, Li-Tao, Li-Qun Dai, Yong-Fei Zheng, Zi-Fu Zhao, Wei Fang, Kai Zhao, Yilin Xiao e Fengtai Tong. "Geochemical Distinction Between Altered Oceanic Basalt- and Seafloor Sediment-Derived Fluids in the Mantle Source of Mafic Igneous Rocks in Southwestern Tianshan, Western China". Journal of Petrology 62, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egab014.
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Abstract The role of subducting oceanic crust-derived fluids in generating mafic arc magmatism has been widely documented. However, the subducting oceanic crust is generally composed of basaltic igneous crust and seafloor sediment, which may give rise to different compositions of liquid phases causing metasomatism of the mantle wedge. Because of the similarity in enrichment of fluid-mobile incompatible elements in the two sources of subduction zone fluids, it has been a challenge to distinguish between them when studying the products of mafic arc magmatism. This difficulty is overcome by a combined study of whole-rock Li isotopes and zircon O isotopes in addition to whole-rock major-trace elements and Sr–Nd–Hf isotopes in Late Paleozoic mafic igneous rocks from southwestern Tianshan in western China. Zircon U–Pb dating yields consistent ages of 313 ± 3 Ma to 305 ± 1 Ma for magma crystallization. The mafic igneous rocks exhibit arc-like trace element distribution patterns and depleted whole-rock Nd–Hf isotopes but slightly high (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios of 0·7039– 0·7057. They also show positive zircon εHf(t) values and slightly higher zircon δ18O values of 5·2–7·6‰. There are covariations of whole-rock Sr isotopes with Th/La and Rb/Nb ratios, indicating a contribution from terrigenous sediment-derived fluids to their mantle source in addition to basaltic igneous crust-derived fluids. Based on the slightly higher zircon δ18O values but variably lower whole-rock δ7Li values of -0·8 to 3·5‰ for the target rocks than those of mantle respectively, both altered oceanic basalt- and terrigenous sediment-derived fluids are identified in the mantle source of these mafic igneous rocks. Model calculations for trace elements and Sr–Nd–Li isotopes further confirm that the geochemical compositions of these mafic igneous rocks can be explained by chemical reaction of depleted MORB mantle peridotite with the mixed fluids to generate ultramafic metasomatites at subarc depths. Therefore, chemical metasomatism of the mantle wedge is a key mechanism for the incorporation of crustal components into the source of arc-like mafic igneous rocks above oceanic subduction zones.
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Wang, Cheng, Yong-Jun Shao, Peter A. Cawood, Jian-Feng Chen, Yi-Qu Xiong e Yue-Jun Wang. "Regional zoning of a Li-Cs-Ta pegmatite field: Insights from monazite-cheralite chemistry, U-Th-Pb and Sm-Nd isotopes". Journal of Petrology, 21 de junho de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egad044.
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Abstract LCT (Li-Cs-Ta) rare-element pegmatites occur as late-stage and highly-fractionated bodies at the margins of regionally zoned granite pegmatite fields. The evolution of the granitic pegmatite system, including its rare-metal metallogeny is often difficult to determine due to complex textures involving variable crystal size, and a heterogeneous chemical composition. The Renli-Chuanziyuan pegmatite field (South China) displays a well-developed regional zonation sequence, involving a core of biotite-, two-mica-, and muscovite-monzogranites that grades outward into microcline (K-zone), microcline-albite (K-Na-zone), albite (Na-zone) and albite-spodumene (Na-Li-zone) pegmatites. Monazite and the Th, Ca-endmember (i.e., cheralite) provide valuable age, rare earth element (REE) geochemical, and Sm-Nd isotopic data for understanding the regional zoning process within the Renli-Chuanziyuan pegmatite. Monazite (from the muscovite monzogranite (MM), and the K-, K-Na-, and Na-zone pegmatites) and cheralite (from the Na-Li-zone pegmatite) have variable compositions and complex internal microtextures. The monazite and cheralite grains contain irregular areas with subtle heterogeneous BSE response along cracks and grain-margins, suggesting that they have experienced alkali-bearing fluid-aided modification. However, these features are rarely seen in monazite from the K-zone pegmatite. Common Pb contamination and/or Pb loss during fluid-aided modification may have disturbed the monazite and cheralite U-Th-Pb isotopic system, due to the differential mobility of U, Th and Pb. The unaltered Na-zone monazite and Na-Li-zone cheralite yielded Th-Pb ages of 140.42 ± 2.30 Ma (2 σ, MSWD = 2.4, n = 14) and 139.58 ± 2.15 Ma (2 σ, MSWD = 2.9, n = 21), respectively. The unaltered MM, K-zone and K-Na-zone monazite yielded 206Pb-238U ages of 138.03 ± 2.18 (2 σ, MSWD = 2.5, n = 18), 140.39 ± 2.18 (2 σ, MSWD = 3.0, n = 20) and 140.58 ± 2.14 Ma (2 σ, MSWD = 2.0, n = 52), respectively. These ages for the four pegmatite zones are temporally consistent with a syngenetic origin for the magmatic sequence of biotite-, two-mica-, and muscovite-monzogranite and the pegmatite system and rare metal (Li-Nb-Ta-Rb-(Cs)-(Be)) mineralization. The Sm-Nd isotopic analyses of the unaltered monazite and cheralite from the MM and four pegmatite zones yield similar initial Nd isotopic composition with εNd(t) = -9.9 to -7.9, indicating an identical single source region (i.e., the Neoproterozoic South China lower crust). The Sm/Nd ratios display a gradual decrease across the four pegmatite zones from the unaltered K-zone monazite to Na-Li-zone cheralite, i.e., 0.39 – 0.63 (avg. = 0.43) for K-zone, 0.29 – 0.35 (avg. = 0.31) for K-Na-zone, 0.26 – 0.30 (avg. = 0.28) for Na-zone, and 0.21 – 0.27 (avg. = 0.24) for Na-Li-zone. Such progressive variations suggest their derivation from the same parental magma, which experienced varying degrees of fractionation prior to the extraction of pegmatitic melts. Comprehensive monazite and cheralite geochemistry, as well as in-situ U-Th-Pb and Sm-Nd isotopic results indicate that Rayleigh-type fractional crystallization controls the mineralogical and geochemical evolution from a chemically zoned granite source.
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Jean-Charles, Pierre-Yves, Yuejin Li, Changlong Nan, Guozhen Chen, Han-Zhong Feng, Jian-Ping Jin e Xupei Huang. "Abstract 9065: Dose-Dependent Rescue Effects by a Desensitizing TnI Molecule in a RCM Mouse Model". Circulation 124, suppl_21 (22 de novembro de 2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circ.124.suppl_21.a9065.
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We have previously demonstrated that the R193H mutation of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) caused restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) and early death in transgenic mice (Du et al., 2006). RCM mutants are also characterized by increased myofilament Ca 2+ sensitivity and impaired cardiac relaxation (Gomes et al., 2005; Du et al., 2008). Restrictive cleavage of the N-terminal extension of cTnI has been shown to desensitize myofilament to Ca 2+ and enhance diastolic function in transgenic mice (Yu et al., 2001; Feng et al., 2008; McConnell et al., 2009). N-terminal truncated cTnI (cTnI-ND) also had the ability to correct the diastolic dysfunction and increase the lifespan of RCM mice expressing the cTnI R193H mutant in a wild type cTnI null background (Li et al, 2010). In the present study, we produced double transgenic mice (Double-TG) expressing different levels of mutant cTnI R193H and cTnI-ND to investigate the dose-dependent rescue effect of cTnI-ND and determine the mechanisms behind its protective role in young and aged RCM mice. In 2-month-old Double-TG mice, the rescue of these animals is secondary to the desensitization of their myofilament to Ca 2+ and the fixing of their cardiac relaxation impairment by cTnI-ND. The correction of the diastolic dysfunction by cTnI-ND occurs in a dose-dependent manner as evidenced by cell-based assays, measuring cardiac cell contractility of the various Double-TG mouse lines, and by echocardiography. In addition, in 8-10-month-old Double-TG mice, the rescue of RCM mice by cTnI-ND is characterized by both the restoration of their diastolic function and the amelioration of their systolic function, since both diastolic and systolic functions deteriorate in aged RCM mice. Thus, this study allows determining the efficiency of cTnI-ND in the treatment of RCM and evaluating how the dosage of RCM mutant proteins may influence the cardiac function. Also, consistent with the beneficial effect of cTnI-ND on the function of non-myopathic aging hearts (Biesiadescki et al., 2010), these data demonstrate the ability of cTnI-ND to rescue the RCM phenotype not only by correcting diastolic dysfunction in young RCM mice, but also by improving systolic function in aged RCM mice.
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Vlastelic, I., P. Bachèlery, O. Sigmarsson, K. T. Koga, E. R. Rose-Koga, I. Bindeman, A. Gannoun, J. L. Devidal, G. Falco e T. Staudacher. "Prolonged Trachyte Storage and Unusual Remobilization at Piton de la Fournaise, La Réunion Island, Indian Ocean: Li, O, Sr, Nd, Pb and Th Isotope Study". Journal of Petrology 62, n.º 7 (28 de maio de 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egab048.
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Abstract La Réunion Island includes two major volcanic systems. About 0·5 Myr ago, Piton des Neiges volcano declined, while Piton de la Fournaise volcano grew on its flank. Since then the Piton de la Fournaise shield volcano has produced homogeneous lavas with chemical compositions transitional between alkali and tholeiitic basalts. In April 2007, the volcano emitted a very small volume of trachytic pumice during its largest historical eruption. We conducted a comprehensive petrological and geochemical study of the pumice to understand the occurrence of such silicic melt in the feeding system of this highly active basaltic volcano. Isotopes of Sr, Nd, Pb and O, together with trace elements, indicate that the trachyte is genetically related to the La Réunion mantle plume and derives from crystallization of a typical basalt. The trachyte chemistry records a long and complex history of differentiation and outgassing. The extensive depletion of moderately volatile elements (F, Cl, B, Cs, Cu, Li) and less volatile uranium is consistent with exsolution of dense fluids at depths of several kilometres. Lithium isotopes point to closed-system degassing during the very late stages of crystallization. U-series isotopes and radiogenic 208Pb*/206Pb* constrain the age of U loss to between 0·4 and 2·1 Ma. This age is as old as or older than the Piton de la Fournaise shield edifice. The 2007 trachyte could thus be a liquid remnant of an extinct volcano, such as Piton des Neiges or Les Alizés (Piton de la Fournaise proto-volcano). It could also result from partial melting of an old syenite intrusion or remobilization of interstitial melts not fully solidified. Thermal modelling indicates that the sustained heat flux from hot basaltic magmas rising from the mantle can maintain temperatures above 800 °C in the central feeding system, and prevent total solidification of magmas trapped in this hot core.
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Li, Xiaohui, Quanshu Yan, Zhigang Zeng, Jingjing Fan, Sanzhong Li, Jie Li, Huixin Yang e Xiaoyuan Wang. "Across-arc variations in Mo isotopes and implications for subducted oceanic crust in the source of back-arc basin volcanic rocks". Geology, 14 de junho de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g48754.1.
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Molybdenum (Mo) isotope ratios provide a potential means of tracing material recycling involved in subduction zone processes. However, the geochemical behavior of Mo in subducted oceanic crust remains enigmatic. We analyzed Mo isotope ratios of arc and back-arc basin lavas from the Mariana subduction zone (western Pacific Ocean), combining newly obtained element and Sr-Nd-Pb-Li isotope data to investigate subduction zone geochemical processes involving Mo. The Mo isotope ratios (δ98/95MoNIST3134; U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology [NIST] Mo standard) of the volcanic rocks showed clear across-arc variations, decreasing with increasing depth to the Wadati-Benioff zone. The high δ98/95Mo values in the Mariana Islands (–0.18‰ to +0.38‰) correspond to high 87Sr/86Sr, low 143Nd/144Nd, and radiogenic Pb isotope ratios, suggesting that altered upper oceanic crust played an important role in the magma source. The low δ98/95Mo values in the Central Mariana Trough (–0.65‰ to –0.17‰) with mantle-like Sr-Nd-Pb but slightly low δ7Li values provide direct evidence for the contribution of deep recycled oceanic crust to the magma source of the back-arc basin lavas. The isotopically light Mo magmas originated by partial melting of a residual subducted slab (eclogite) after high degrees of dehydration and then penetrated into the back-arc mantle. This interpretation provides a new perspective with which to investigate the deep recycling of subducted oceanic lithosphere and associated magma petrogenesis.
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Yang, Lei, Jia-Min Wang, Xiao-Chi Liu, Fang-Yang Hu, Kang-Shi Hou, Jian-Gang Fu, Guang-Ming Li, Yu-Lu Tian e Fu-Yuan Wu. "Petrogenetic link between leucogranite and spodumene pegmatite in Lhozhag, eastern Himalaya: Constraints from U–(Th)–Pb geochronology and Li–Nd–Hf isotopes". Lithos, fevereiro de 2024, 107530. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2024.107530.
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Ye, Qin, Hanjie Wen, Chongguang Luo, Yu Chen, Wenxiu Yu e Yi Cui. "Provenance of Early Permian Li-rich claystone from Central Yunnan, South China: constrained by Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes, geochemistry, and zircon U–Pb ages". Ore Geology Reviews, outubro de 2023, 105708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2023.105708.
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Guo, Jia, Kai Wu, Reimar Seltmann, Rongqing Zhang, Mingxing Ling, Congying Li e Weidong Sun. "Unraveling the link between mantle upwelling and formation of Sn-bearing granitic rocks in the world-class Dachang tin district, South China". GSA Bulletin, 21 de julho de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/b35492.1.
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Increasing evidence shows that the mantle contributes (directly or indirectly) to Sn-bearing granites worldwide. However, the specific role of mantle in the formation of tin granites and related mineralization remains poorly understood. In the world-class Dachang district, South China, tin mineralization is related to the Longxianggai equigranular/porphyritic biotite granites and tin orebodies are cut by granite porphyry dykes hosting mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs). A combination of zircon U-Pb dating and Hf-O isotopes, mineral chemistry, and whole-rock elemental and Sr-Nd isotopic compositions—for granitic rocks and MMEs, is employed to constrain the petrogenesis and to unravel the link between tin fertility and mantle upwelling. Laser ablation−inductively coupled plasma−mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) zircon U-Pb dating indicates that the biotite granites were emplaced at ca. 93 Ma, and the granite porphyry dykes and MMEs were formed at ca. 86 Ma. The biotite granites are silica- and alkali-enriched with A/CNK ratios of 1.04−1.36, and exhibit elevated concentrations of Li, F, P, Rb, Cs, Ta, Sn, W, and U, showing affinities with highly fractionated S-type granites. Whole-rock geochemical and Nd isotopic (εNd(t) = −10.0 to −7.8) data, and in situ zircon Hf-O (εHf(t) = −9.9 to −3.9, δ18O = 6.2−8.9‰) isotopes indicate that the biotite granites were formed by partial melting of metasedimentary rocks at relatively high temperatures (≥782 °C), possibly with minor input of mantle material. Likewise, the post-ore granite porphyry dykes have similar chemical and mineralogical characteristics as fractionated S-type granites. Zircon Hf-O isotopes (εHf(t) = −9.0 to −4.9, δ18O = 6.5−8.2‰) and whole-rock geochemical data suggest they were derived from a similar source as the biotite granites, whereas elevated εNd(t) values of −5.0 to −3.3 for granite porphyry dykes relative to biotite granites reveal an increasing mantle input. Distinct εNd(t) (−0.4 and −0.3) and zircon Hf-O (εHf(t) = 1.5−5.0, δ18O = 6.5−7.2‰) isotopes of the MMEs, suggest that the mafic melt could be sourced from the asthenospheric mantle, contaminated by subcontinental lithospheric mantle/continental crust during magma ascent, and hybridized by felsic melt at emplacement-level. The magmatic sequence in the Dachang district is indicative of an extensional tectonic setting where mantle-derived magmas are predicted to migrate to shallower crustal levels as the crust progressively becomes thinner and hotter. High-temperature partial melting of mature metasedimentary crust triggered by heat input from the upwelled mantle, may contribute to biotite breakdown, which is important for concentrating tin in melts. Fractional crystallization of initially Sn-rich felsic melts under reduced conditions makes further tin enrichment and produces Sn-bearing granites (the Longxianggai pluton). Prolonged mantle upwelling results in distinct magma mixing and the formation of granite porphyry dykes and MMEs. These dykes are highly fractionated with elevated Sn and W contents, which show great potential to form hydrothermal Sn-W mineralization.
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Le Roux, Gaël, Nathalie Fagel, Jack Longman, Nadine Mattielli, Robert D. McCulloch e François De Vleeschouwer. "Nd isotopes as a tracer of dust trapped by peat bogs: A reminder of basics. Comment on: « Neodymium isotopes in peat reveal past local environmental disturbances » by Marcisz et al. (2023)". Science of The Total Environment, abril de 2023, 163379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163379.
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Wang, Ling, Shihong Tian, Zengqian Hou, Zhiming Yang, Fujun Zhong, Zhusen Yang e Xianfang Li. "Identification of recycled oceanic crust in the mantle source of sulfide-bearing lower crust of the Gangdese magmatic arc, Southern Tibet: Constraints from Sr–Nd–Li isotopes". Ore Geology Reviews, setembro de 2023, 105684. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2023.105684.
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"1,3-Diene Polymerization Mediated by Homoleptic Tetramethylaluminates of the Rare-Earth Metals". Catalysts 8, n.º 2 (3 de fevereiro de 2018): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal8020061.
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During the past two decades homoleptic tetramethylaluminates of the trivalent rare-earth metals, Ln(AlMe4)3, have emerged as useful components for efficient catalyst design in the field of 1,3-diene polymerization. Previous work had focused on isoprene polymerization applying Ln(AlMe4)3 precatalysts with Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Gd and Y, in the presence of Et2AlCl as an activator. Polymerizations employing Ln(AlMe4)3 with Ln = La, Y and Nd along with borate/borane co-catalysts [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4], [PhNMe2H][B(C6F5)4] and [B(C6F5)3] were mainly investigated for reasons of comparison with ancillary ligand-supported systems (cf. half-sandwich complexes). The present study investigates into a total of eleven rare-earth elements, namely Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Y, Er and Lu. A full overview on the polymerization behavior of Ln(AlMe4)3 in the presence of perfluorinated borate/borane cocatalysts and R2AlCl-type activators (R = Me, Et) is provided, probing the monomers isoprene and 1,3-butadiene (and preliminary ethylene). Virtually complete cis-1,4-selectivities are obtained for several catalyst/cocatalyst combinations (e.g., Gd(AlMe4)3/Me2AlCl, >99.9%). Insights into the ‘black box’ of active species are obtained by indirect observations via screening of pre-reaction time and cocatalyst concentration. The microstructure of the polydienes is investigated by combined 1H/13C NMR and ATR-IR spectroscopies. Furthermore, the reaction of [LuMe6(Li(thf)x)3] with AlMe3 has been applied as a new strategy for the efficient synthesis of Lu(AlMe4)3. The solid-state structures of Gd(AlMe4)3 and Tb(AlMe4)3 are reported.
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Heinonen, Jussi S., Wendy A. Bohrson, Frank J. Spera, Guy A. Brown, Melissa A. Scruggs e Jenna V. Adams. "Diagnosing open-system magmatic processes using the Magma Chamber Simulator (MCS): part II—trace elements and isotopes". Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 175, n.º 11 (15 de outubro de 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00410-020-01718-9.
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Abstract The Magma Chamber Simulator (MCS) is a thermodynamic model that computes the phase, thermal, and compositional evolution of a multiphase–multicomponent system of a Fractionally Crystallizing resident body of magma (i.e., melt ± solids ± fluid), linked wallrock that may either be assimilated as Anatectic melts or wholesale as Stoped blocks, and multiple Recharge reservoirs (RnASnFC system, where n is the number of user-selected recharge events). MCS calculations occur in two stages; the first utilizes mass and energy balance to produce thermodynamically constrained major element and phase equilibria information for an RnASnFC system; this tool is informally called MCS-PhaseEQ, and is described in a companion paper (Bohrson et al. 2020). The second stage of modeling, called MCS-Traces, calculates the RASFC evolution of up to 48 trace elements and seven radiogenic and one stable isotopic system (Sr, Nd, Hf, 3xPb, Os, and O) for the resident melt. In addition, trace element concentrations are calculated for bulk residual wallrock and each solid (± fluid) phase in the cumulate reservoir and residual wallrock. Input consists of (1) initial trace element concentrations and isotope ratios for the parental melt, wallrock, and recharge magmas/stoped wallrock blocks and (2) solid-melt and solid–fluid partition coefficients (optional temperature-dependence) for stable phases in the resident magma and residual wallrock. Output can be easily read and processed from tabulated worksheets. We provide trace element and isotopic results for the same example cases (FC, R2FC, AFC, S2FC, and R2AFC) presented in the companion paper. These simulations show that recharge processes can be difficult to recognize based on trace element data alone unless there is an independent reference frame of successive recharge events or if serial recharge magmas are sufficiently distinct in composition relative to the parental magma or magmas on the fractionation trend. In contrast, assimilation of wallrock is likely to have a notable effect on incompatible trace element and isotopic compositions of the contaminated resident melt. The magnitude of these effects depends on several factors incorporated into both stages of MCS calculations (e.g., phase equilibria, trace element partitioning, style of assimilation, and geochemistry of the starting materials). Significantly, the effects of assimilation can be counterintuitive and very different from simple scenarios (e.g., bulk mixing of magma and wallrock) that do not take account phase equilibria. Considerable caution should be practiced in ruling out potential assimilation scenarios in natural systems based upon simple geochemical “rules of thumb”. The lack of simplistic responses to open-system processes underscores the need for thermodynamical RASFC models that take into account mass and energy conservation. MCS-Traces provides an unprecedented and detailed framework for utilizing thermodynamic constraints and element partitioning to document trace element and isotopic evolution of igneous systems. Continued development of the Magma Chamber Simulator will focus on easier accessibility and additional capabilities that will allow the tool to better reproduce the documented natural complexities of open-system magmatic processes.
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Salzedas, Leda Maria Pescinini, Izabela Fornazari Delamura, Laís Ventura Barroti, Samyra Yukiko Tazaki Dote, Gabriela Lopes dos Santos, Lais Sara Egas e Carla Renata Sanomiya Ikuta. "Clínica Radiológica em tempos de pandemia: impacto e condutas na prática odontológica". ARCHIVES OF HEALTH INVESTIGATION 9, n.º 4 (6 de outubro de 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.21270/archi.v9i4.5144.
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Introdução: O novo coronavírus é responsável pela síndrome respiratória aguda grave, causando óbito, em 5 meses de pandemia, de 646 mil indivíduos mundialmente. As principais formas de transmissão identificadas são gotículas de saliva expelidas ao falar e tossir ou pelo contato em uma superfície com secreções salivares, com característica agressiva de contágio e potencial letalidade. Objetivo: Relatar as práticas do serviço radiológico em tempos de pandemia e evidenciar práticas seguras de biossegurança para o Cirurgião-Dentista. Métodos: Para elaboração deste trabalho foram selecionados 13 artigos utilizando a base de dados do Pubmed. Foram utilizados como descritores “Coronavirus Infections”, “Betacoronavirus”, “Dentistry”, “Radiology” e “Containment of Biohazards. Os critérios de inclusão foram artigos publicados em inglês, espanhol e português com os resumos disponíveis, do ano de 2020. Resultados: Os Cirurgiões-Dentistas estão entre os profissionais que mais sofrem risco de contaminação, uma vez que estão expostos a riscos biológicos e contato direto com a saliva, sendo necessário, neste cenário crítico de pandemia do coronavírus, adotar medidas mais eficazes de prevenção e controle de infecção a fim de evitar ou reduzir ao máximo a transmissão deste vírus. Na Radiologia Odontológica, a baixa incidência de aerossóis não exclui a possibilidade de contaminação pelo contato com fluido salivar nas tomadas radiográficas intrabucais, preconizando radiografias extrabucais. Conclusão: A presente revisão de literatura é baseada em relevantes diretrizes e pesquisas, introduzindo conhecimentos essenciais sobre o coronavírus, condutas a serem adotadas em ambiente odontológico e fornece protocolos de orientações recomendadas para dentistas e estudantes.Descritores: Infecções por Coronavirus; Betacoronavirus; Odontologia; Radiologia; Contenção de Riscos Biológicos.ReferênciasOrganização Mundial da Saúde (OMS). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. 2020. Disponível: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019Zhu HD, Zeng CH, Lu J, Teng GJ. COVID-19: What should interventional radiologists know and what can they do? J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2020; 31(6):876-81.Odeh ND, Babkair H, Abu-Hammad S, Borzangy S, Abu-Hammad A, Abu-Hammad O. COVID-19: present and future challenges for dental practice. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 17(9):3151.Conselho Federal de Odontologia (CFO). Manual de Boas Práticas em Biossegurança para Ambientes Odontológicos. 2020. Disponível em: http://website.cfo.org.br/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/cfo-lanc%CC%A7a-Manual-de-Boas-Pra%CC%81ticas-em-Biosseguranc%CC%A7a-para-Ambientes-Odontologicos.pdfSalzedas LMP, Oliva AH, Coclete GEG, Coclete GA. Protocolo de biossegurança e gerenciamento de resíduos no ensino de radiologia odontológica da Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba-UNESP. Arch Healt Invest. 2014;3(6):20-27.Peng X, Xu X, Li Y, Cheng L, Zhou X, Ren B. Transmission routes of 2019-nCoV and controls in dental practice. Int J Oral Sci. 2020;12(1):9.Fini MB. What dentists need to know about COVID-19. Oral Oncol. 2020;105:104741.Société Française de Stomatologie, Chirurgie Maxillo-Faciale et Chirurgie Orale (SFSCMFCO). Praticiens de la cavité orale. Recommandations professionnelles. Risques infectieux par le COVID-19. Faire front pour faire face. J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2020;121(2):e3-6.Han P, Ivanovski S. Saliva – friend and foe in the COVID-19 outbreak. Diagnostics (Basel). 2020;10:290.Dziedzic A, Wojtyczka R. The impact of coronavírus infectious disease 19 (COVID-19) on oral health. Oral Dis. 2020;101111Wu R, Wang L, Kuo HCD, Shannar A, Peter P, Chuo PJ, Li S, Hudlikar, Liu X, Liu Z, Poiani, Amorosa L, Brunetti L, Kong AN. An update on current therapeutic drugs treating COVID-19. Curr Pharmacol Rep. 2020;11:1-15.Van Doremalen N, Bushmaker T, Morris DH, Holbrook MG, Gamble A, Williamson BN, Tamin A, Harcourt JL, Thornburg NJ, Gerber SI, Lloyd-Smith JO, Wit E, Munster VJ. Aerosol and surface stability of SARS-CoV-2 as compared with SARS-CoV-1. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(16):1564-67.American Dental Association (ADA). What Constitutes a Dental Emergency? 2020. Disponível: https://success.ada.org/~/media/CPS/Files/Open%20Files/ADA_COVID19_Dental_Emergency_DDS.pdf?_ga=2.253879752.110187285.1584496315-1622146531.1565271894Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Interim Infection Prevention and Control for Patients with Suspected or Confirmed Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Healthcare Settings. 2020. Disponível em: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/dental-settings.htmlPeditto M, Scapellato S, Marcianò A, Costa P, Oteri G. Dentistry during the COVID-19 epidemic: an italian workflow for the management of dental practice. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(9):3325.Tuñas ITC, Silva ET, Santiago SBS, Maia KD, Silva-Júnior GO. Doença pelo Coronavírus 2019 (COVID-19): Uma abordagem preventiva para Odontologia. Rev Bras Odontol. 2020;77(1):1-6.Salzedas LMP, Oliva AH, Oliveira LQC, Simas MCO, Coclete GA. Biossegurança na clínica de radiologia odontológica. Arch Health Invest. 2014;3(6):6-13.Escola de Educação Permanente do Hospital das Clínicas da USP (HC). COVID-19: dicas e cuidados para enfrentar a pandemia. 2020. Disponível em: https://jornal.usp.br/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/e-book-covid-19.pdfSaki M, Haseli S, Iranpour P. Oral radiology center as a potential source of COVID-19 transmission; Points to consider. Acad Radiol. 2020;27(7):1047-48.Yu J, Ding N, Liu XJ, He WJ, Dai WC, Zhou ZG et al. Infection control against COVID-19 in departments of radiology. Acad Radiol. 2020;27(5):614-17.
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Santos, Ana Raquel Ferreira da Costa, José Henrique de Araújo Cruz, Gymenna Maria Tenório Guênes, Abrahão Alves de Oliveira Filho e Maria Angélica Satyro Gomes Alves. "Matricaria chamomilla L: propriedades farmacológicas". ARCHIVES OF HEALTH INVESTIGATION 8, n.º 12 (29 de junho de 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.21270/archi.v8i12.4654.
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Introdução: A Matricaria chamomilla L., mais conhecida como camomila, vem sendo bastante utilizada na medicina popular devido suas consideráveis propriedades farmacológicas, como efeito anti-inflamatório, antioxidante, antimicrobiano e leve efeito sedativo. A camomila é muito utilizada sob a forma de infusões, com sabor agradável e aromático. Objetivo: Tendo em vista as várias finalidades e efeitos farmacológicos, objetivou-se neste trabalho realizar uma revisão de literatura acerca das propriedades farmacológicas da Matricaria chamomilla L. Metodologia: Essa busca foi realizada em artigos disponíveis nas bases de dados MEDLINE, Lilacs, PUBMED, BVS e monografias que atendiam aos requisitos do estudo em questão, no período de 2008 a 2018, revisando um total de 48 estudos. Discussão: Estudos demonstraram que a camomila é útil para tratamento da dor de estômago, síndrome do intestino irritável e insônia, além de possuir atividades bactericida e relaxante. A atividade antibacteriana dessa planta foi avaliada contra bactérias gram-negativas e os resultados comprovaram o efeito antibacteriano através dos principais componentes do óleo essencial, além dos flavonoides, ácidos fenólicos e ácidos graxos. Na Odontologia, sua efetividade é demonstrada através de sua ação benéfica contra gengivite, haja vista suas propriedades antimicrobianas e anti-inflamatórias. Conclusão: De acordo com a literatura, a Matricaria chamomilla L. apresenta efeitos antimicrobiano, antifúngico, antioxidante, anti-inflamatório e ansiolítico, os quais são explicados pelos componentes dos seus extratos, fazendo com que esta planta apresente grande importância clínica. 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Raffa, Taylor, Parker Chang, Babak Sarani e Susan Kartiko. "Surgical Stabilization of Rib Fractures: A Review of the Indications, Technique, and Outcomes". Medical Research Archives 11, n.º 11 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.18103/mra.v11i11.4694.
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Rib Fractures are a common injury in trauma patients and affect 10% of all injured patients who require admission to the hospital. Currently, there is no consensus on the most efficacious treatment for rib fractures with the debate comparing non-surgical versus surgical management. Medical management of rib fractures often requires admission to the intensive care unit with a focus on pain control to allow good pulmonary hygiene. Pain control involved a multimodal approach with current techniques including epidural anesthesia and paravertebral blocks. Although many patients recover with medical management alone, some patients may benefit from surgical stabilization of rib fractures as a means of augmenting pain control. Flail chest is the most evidence-based indication for surgical stabilization of rib fractures SSRF with many studies showing decreased days on mechanical ventilation, risk of pneumonia, intensive care unit length of stay, and hospital length of stay. Additionally, in patients with non-flail chest and ventilator dependent respiratory failure, surgical stabilization of rib fractures may provide an advantage over medical management for pain control. There are relatively few contraindications and complications associated with surgical stabilization of rib fractures. Therefore, with proper patient selection, surgical stabilization of rib fractures can improve outcomes in patients with rib fractures. Medical management with or without surgical intervention requires a multidisciplinary approach to prevent adverse clinical outcomes. Keywords: Surgical stabilization of rib fractures, rib plating, rib fracture, flail chest, non-flail chest Article Details How to Cite RAFFA, Taylor et al. Surgical Stabilization of Rib Fractures: A Review of the Indications, Technique, and Outcomes. Medical Research Archives, [S.l.], v. 11, n. 11, nov. 2023. ISSN 2375-1924. Available at: <https://esmed.org/MRA/mra/article/view/4694>. 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