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Hummadi, Hassan Khalaf Amer, e Muhammad Barjes Salman. "A Cultural and Sociolinguistic Analysis of English and Iraqi Arabic Certain Animal Proverbs". JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE STUDIES 2, n.º 1 (20 de agosto de 2023): 107–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/jls.2.1.5.
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This study deals with some dog proverbs with the aim of showingthe way in which the English and the Iraqi Arabs interpret and use animalproverbs. Some dog proverbs have been. picked out and worked withLeech's (1981) connotations and Holmes' (2013) social factors. Amongthe findings, it is found out that English and Iraqi Arabs have differentattitudes towards. their animal proverbs which give the proverbs differentconnotations, and in turn, influence the way they interact with socialfactors. It is also figured out that both cultures associate the frequent useof dog proverbs with the lower prestigious occupations (e.g., farmers).Moreover, the English are more flexible in using animal proverbs withsocially remote participants more than the Iraqi Arabs do. Finally, it isconcluded that the only variable that coincides in the two cultures is theinformality variables. This means the inappropriate use of dog proverbsin the formal type of interactions in England and Iraqi Arabic speechcommunities.
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Abdel-Razek, Omar, e Miriam Puttick. "Majorities and minorities in post-ISIS Iraq". Contemporary Arab Affairs 9, n.º 4 (1 de outubro de 2016): 565–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17550912.2016.1244901.
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The question of majorities and minorities has dominated the Iraqi political scene since the American-led invasion of 2003. As an occupying power, the US enshrined sectarianism in post-Saddam Iraq through divisive policies and structures that continue to pervade the political institution from top to bottom. As a result, what was considered a remedy for Iraq's political ills opened the gates for more sectarian division, the dispersion of religious minorities and power struggles between the main majority groups: Shia Arabs, Sunni Arabs and Kurds. How this deadlock will be resolved is the key question that Iraq is facing as it prepares for an imminent defeat of the so-called Islamic State (Da'sh or ISIS). This paper traces the development of the concepts of majorities and minorities in Iraq's recent history, analyzing the factors that led to the sectarian paralysis of today and exploring possibilities for a post-ISIS political solution that preserves the multi-ethnic, multi-religious character of the Iraqi nation-state.
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Ad'hiah, Ali H., Zahra'a A. Ahmed, Milad A. Al-Naseri, Ehab D. Salman, Osama B. Al-saffar, Hiba S. Ahmed, Talib A. Hussain et al. "Cytokine gene polymorphisms in Iraqi Arabs". Human Immunology 79, n.º 2 (fevereiro de 2018): 91–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.humimm.2017.12.009.
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Ożarowski, Rafał. "Problemy narodowościowo-religijne Iraku w XXI wieku". Cywilizacja i Polityka 14, n.º 14 (30 de outubro de 2016): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.0250.
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Iraq is a specific ethno-religious mosaic. By except Arabs and Kurds there are a lot of minorities which since ancient times were present on this territory. Among them are: Yazidis, Mandaneans, Shabaks, Assyrians, Turkmen and Marsh Arabs. After the collapse of Saddam Husein regime the U.S., British and allied troops began to control Iraq. In the face of such a situation many different radical Muslim groups has evolved and started to fight foreign soldiers. In result, Iraq plunged into instability and chaos and many minorities became a main victims of political and military conflict. Such societies like Yazidis, Mandaneans, Shabaks were persecuted, forced to flee and killed. by now Iraqi state has no any capabilities to protect such minorities which still feel insecure in their own country.
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Rasul, Rasul Mohammed. "The situation of Kurdish political prisoners in Iraq from the period of Haras Qawmi 8-2-1963 to 18-11-1963". Twejer 4, n.º 2 (dezembro de 2021): 509–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31918/twejer.2142.11.
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Abstract The situation of Kurdish prisoners in Iraqi prisoners from 8-2-1963 to 18-11-1963 In the contemporary history of Iraq, the first period of Baa’th party’s era which very significant in the history of the country. After the coup of 8th February 1963, which Iraqi National Guard (Baa’si) obtained power. As a result, Abdul Karem Qasm the first President of the Iraqi Republic (1958-1963), many Iraqi people Kurds were not exempted and who were captured from different cities and rural areas in the whole Iraq, and they were taken to prisons like Arabs or other ethnic and religion groups and Kurdish soldiers (Peshmarga’s) captives from fronts particularly, from 09-06-1963 to 18-11-1963. Those prisoners were accused of being members of Iraqi Communist Party or Kurdistan Democratic Party which were considered as the opposition party of the government. Otherwise, they probably almost did not commit any crime against law and civilians. Therefore, it could be named them political prisoner in the mentioned period. While the Kurdish political prisoners were in Iraqi prisons. Particularly, after 9th Jun, 1963 till 18th November, they were brutally tortured by members of Iraqi militia “National Gourds”, who belonged to Baath’s party. Their brutal actions against Kurdish prisoners such as hitting, boxing, burning, withdrawing nails, and so on. These crimes are unforgettable in the contemporary history of Iraqi Kurdistan.
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Jamil, Hikmet, Isam Dafdony, Fady Yasso, Faris Lami e Bengt B. Arnetz. "Role of Ethnicity and Environment as Risk Factors on Asthma in Two Ethnic Groups in Michigan State, United States of America". Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad 55, n.º 3 (1 de julho de 2013): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.553622.
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Background: Asthma is an increasing worldwide health problem. The prevalence of asthma is higher in some ethnic minorities and lower in other ethnic groups. Environmental exposures, and psychosocial factors, have been suggested to be main mediators for asthma. Ethnicity related to racial background can influence the differences in asthma through the disease susceptible alleles.
Objective: To evaluates environmental and cultural risk factors for asthma among different ethnic groups.
Methods: Random sample of 337 Iraqi selected from 5,490 Iraqi residents’ in the Greater Detroit area. Validated questionnaire was used. Chi-square, t-test and logistic regression were used.
Results: Results showed a significant difference in the prevalence of asthma among Chaldeans (0.7%) and Arabs (8.7%). However environmental and psychosocial exposures and socioeconomic status were not significantly associated with asthma in Arabs, nor Chaldeans.
Conclusion: Even though Arabs and Chaldeans are from the same geographical region, and therefore share similar environmental background history, the asthma prevalence was about 9 times higher in Arabs as compared to Chaldeans. Ethnic background was the only significant risk factor associated with asthma. Genetic differences could explain the high susceptibility to asthma in Arab compared to Chaldean. .
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Kolarik, Andrej, e Pavol Michalisko. "Religious Conflict in Iraq and the Operation of Shiite Militias in the Country after the Expulsion of ISIL". Security Dimensions 38, n.º 38 (23 de dezembro de 2021): 138–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.6522.
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The paper deals with the religious aspect of the Iraqi conflict, exploring chiefly the dynamics of the conflict between the country’s Sunni and Shia communities. Should the conflict between the Sunni and Shia of Iraq be religiously motivated, we will find several characteristics, that would clearly demonstrate the religious or sectarian dimension of the conflict. The paper uses the methods of analysis, synthesis as well as the descriptive method. We have found that the conflict between the Shia and the Sunni has been purposefully escalated, firstly by Nouri al-Maliki (whose sectarian politics alienated the Sunni Arabs) and ISIS (which was even criticized by al-Qaeda for being too brutal against the Shia). Further we found that the Iraqi army under Shia command lacked motivation to defend Sunni areas from ISIS. Lastly, it was the PMF militias, forming after a fatwa by a Shia cleric, and bearing references to Shia symbolism in the names of their units. We conclude, that at the current phase, the conflict in Iraq has a strong sectarian dimension, while lacking a coherent Iraqi identity.
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Cole, Juan. "Iraq in 1939: British Alliance or Nationalist Neutrality toward the Axis?" Britain and the World 5, n.º 2 (setembro de 2012): 204–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/brw.2012.0054.
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‘Iraq in 1939’ makes an argument that this pivotal year in the history of the Greater Mediterranean was also pivotal for Iraq. The European contest among fascism, communism and liberalism, had strong echoes in Iraq. Whereas the existing historiography paints Arab Iraq as deeply influenced by fascism, the author found no evidence for this allegation. Iraqis were reported in the British archives to have been disgusted by Hitler's invasion of Poland as a form of colonialism. Italy's own colonial enterprise in Libya tarnished its image among Arabs, and the Iraqi monarch expressed unease about a Yemeni arms deal with Italy. Germany was not at that point interested in Arab nationalism, and still hoped for a British alliance of Aryans. The reach of German radio broadcasts has been exaggerated, and prominent Iraqi poets and political societies roundly condemned fascism. The Communist movement in Iraq was still in its infancy in 1939, and a left-leaning military dictatorship had recently been overthrown in favor of a return to constitutional monarchy. The victor in 1939 was the relatively pro-British liberal government of Nuri al-Sa'id. The Arab nationalists in the officer corps, however, did wish to use the rise of the Axis as a lever to escape the onerous postcolonial British dominance stipulated in the 1930 treaty. Although they did not seek an Axis alliance, merely a neutrality as between it and Britain, this attempt to move away from London's embrace set them on a collision course with Britain, which reoccupied the country only two years later. The war-time British interpretation of Iraqi elites' flirtation with a Turkish-style neutrality as an embrace of Nazism has too long influenced later historians, and needs to be abandoned in light of the evidence in the British archives themselves.
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Alkhayer, Talip. "Fragmentation and Grievances as Fuel for Violent Extremism: The Case of Abu Musa’ab Al-Zarqawi". Social Sciences 10, n.º 10 (7 de outubro de 2021): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10100375.
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Violent extremism naturally benefits from any state of fragmentation. This article focuses on Iraq in a period of a staggering rise in terrorist attacks that started with “operation Iraqi Freedom.” The rhetoric of Abu Musa’ab Al-Zarqawi is used as a case study. Analyzing his statements between 2003 and 2006 shows his weaponization of the concepts of out-groups and threat; it is shown to have a temporaneous association between the escalating violence and successful mobilization. This highlights the saliency of these concepts, the crucial role of Iraq’s Sunni Arabs’ grievances, and the resulting societal fragmentations, which all play in Zarqawi’s efforts to mobilize his in-group. The use of Social Identity Theory and Integrated Threat Theory outlines Zarqawi’s rhetorical strategies in portraying his enemies, and therefore, exposes the rhetorical justifications behind his violent extremism. Results show, temporally, prominent implementation of out-group/threat in the rhetoric, the different out-groups in question, and the types of threats portrayed. In addition, this article concretely shows the effect of the allied forces/Iraqi government’s policies in fortifying Zarqawi’s rhetoric by way of adopting hostile and discriminatory measures against Sunni Arabs. This article also shows an undeniable dialectical relationship between societal fragmentation/grievances and violent-extremist rhetoric and returns the question to policy makers.
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Jawad, Saad Naji. "The Kurdish question in Iraq: historical background and future settlement". Contemporary Arab Affairs 1, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 2008): 25–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17550910701773119.
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This article explores the political history of the Kurdish question in Iraq. It starts by giving a short historical background to the issue, and moves on to explain Kurdish demands and past attempts to resolve the problem, both militarily and peacefully. It then gives an account of the idea of autonomy as understood by various Iraqi governments and Kurdish leaderships. The article also concentrates on the obstacles hindering and obstructing a lasting, peaceful solution to the problem. Finally, it offers the writer’s suggestions for bridging the gap between the Arabs and Kurds in Iraq in general, and the various Kurdish leaderships and the central government in particular.
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Vartanyan, E. G. "“Free Kurdistan”: Difficult Road to Self-Determination (1970s — XXI Century)". Nauchnyi dialog, n.º 10 (29 de outubro de 2021): 328–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2021-10-328-342.
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The period of the struggle of South (Iraqi) Kurdistan for self-determination, namely such events as its transformation into the center of the Kurdish national movement in the Middle East and the proclamation of the Kurdish Autonomous Region (KAR) in 1974 is considered. The creation of a legal precedent, which has acquired an international character, is commented on. The recognition by the Iraqi government of the right of the Kurds to territorial autonomy is assessed as an undoubted success of the national movement of the Kurdish minority. It is noted that the development of the draft of Interim Constitution was preceded by a long discussion between Shiite Arabs, Sunni Arabs and Kurds on the future administrative structure of the country. It is shown that the Baathist regime was not going to solve the Kurdish problem in the country on a truly democratic basis, but only created the appearance of a solution to the issue in order to remove internal and international tensions. The author dwells on the repressive measures of the government of Saddam Hussein against the Kurds. The mass character of repressive measures during the Iranian-Iraqi war of 1980—1988 is emphasized.
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Salman, Muhammed B., e Hassan Kh Amer. "Sociolinguistic Study of The Horse Image in Some English and Iraqi Arabic Proverbs". Koya University Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 3, n.º 1 (7 de junho de 2020): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14500/kujhss.v3n1y2020.pp14-20.
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This research deals with the horse image in some English and Iraqi Arabic proverbs showing how English and Iraqi Arabs interpret, understand, and use these proverbs which include horse image. The selected proverbs are analyzed depending on Holme’s (2013) social factors which are: social distance variable, status variable and formality variable of setting. The English population of the research includes two universities in England. To make the project more applicable, the focus is on Leeds and London universities. The researcher chooses students randomly from “University of Leeds” in Leeds and a university named “London School of Economics and Political Sciences” in London. As for the Iraqi Arabic population, the people who represent the Arabic sample of the current study are from Tikrit and Anbar cities. They are enrolled at “Tikrit University” and “Anbar University” respectively. Among the findings, it is found out that English and Iraqi Arabs have somehow similar connotations concerning the horse image in relation to cultural, occupational, social distance, and formality variables. This denotes that though the two cultures are different, they share some social variables as they have similar connotations for some concepts as in the selected topic. The occupational variable shows that native speakers of both languages indicate that the proverbs which include the horse image are used more frequently by farmers other than other occupations.
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Peretz, H., U. Seligsohn, E. Zwang, B. S. Coller e P. J. Newman. "Detection of the Glanzmann's Thrombasthenia Mutations in Arab and Iraqi-Jewish Patients by Polymerase Chain Reaction and Restriction Analysis of Blood or Urine Samples". Thrombosis and Haemostasis 66, n.º 04 (1991): 500–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1646446.
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SummarySevere Glanzmann's thrombasthenia is relatively frequent in Iraqi-Jews and Arabs residing in Israel. We have recently described the mutations responsible for the disease in Iraqi-Jews – an 11 base pair deletion in exon 12 of the glycoprotein IIIa gene, and in Arabs – a 13 base pair deletion at the AG acceptor splice site of exon 4 on the glycoprotein IIb gene. In this communication we show that the Iraqi-Jewish mutation can be identified directly by polymerase chain reaction and gel electrophoresis. With specially designed oligonucleotide primers encompassing the mutation site, an 80 base pair segment amplified in healthy controls was clearly distinguished from the 69 base pair segment produced in patients. Patients from 11 unrelated Iraqi-Jewish families had the same mutation. The Arab mutation was identified by first amplifying a DNA segment consisting of 312 base pairs in controls and of 299 base pairs in patients, and then digestion by a restriction enzyme Stu-1, which recognizes a site that is absent in the mutant gene. In controls the 312 bp segment was digested into 235 and 77 bp fragments, while in patients there was no change in the size of the amplified 299 bp segment. The mutation was found in patients from 3 out of 5 unrelated Arab families. Both Iraqi-Jewish and Arab mutations were detectable in DNA extracted from blood and urine samples. The described simple methods of identifying the mutations should be useful for detection of the numerous potential carriers among the affected kindreds and for prenatal diagnosis using DNA extracted from chorionic villi samples.
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Peretz, Hava, Avital Mulai, Sali Usher, Ariella Zivelin, Avihai Segal, Zahavi Weisman, Moshe Mittelman et al. "The Two Common Mutations Causing Factor XI Deficiency in Jews Stem From Distinct Founders: One of Ancient Middle Eastern Origin and Another of More Recent European Origin". Blood 90, n.º 7 (1 de outubro de 1997): 2654–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v90.7.2654.2654_2654_2659.
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Previous studies showed that factor XI (FXI) deficiency commonly observed in Ashkenazi Jews is caused by two similarly frequent mutations, type II (Glu117stop) and type III (Phe283Leu) with allele frequencies of 0.0217 and 0.0254, respectively. In Iraqi Jews, who represent the ancient gene pool of Jews, only the type II mutation was observed with an allele frequency of 0.0167. In this study we sought founder effects for each mutation by examination of four FXI gene polymorphisms enabling haplotype analysis in affected Jewish patients of Ashkenazi, Iraqi, and other origins and in Arab patients. Initial population surveys of 387 Middle Eastern Jews (excluding Iraqi Jews), 560 North African/Sephardic Jews, and 382 Arabs revealed allele frequencies for the type II mutation of 0.0026, 0.0027, and 0.0065, respectively. In contrast, the type III mutation was not detected in any of these populations. All 60 independent chromosomes bearing the type III mutation were solely observed in Ashkenazi Jewish patients and were characterized by a relatively rare haplotype. All 103 independent chromosomes bearing the type II mutation in patients of Ashkenazi, Iraqi, Yemenite, Syrian, and Moroccan Jewish origin and of Arab origin were characterized by another distinct haplotype that was rare among normal Ashkenazi Jewish, Iraqi Jewish, and Arab chromosomes. These findings constitute the first example of a mutation common to Ashkenazi Jews, non-Ashkenazi Jews, and Arabs and are consistent with the origin of type II mutation in a founder before the divergence of the major segments of Jews. Our findings also indicate that the type III mutation arose more recently in an Ashkenazi Jewish individual.
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Peretz, Hava, Avital Mulai, Sali Usher, Ariella Zivelin, Avihai Segal, Zahavi Weisman, Moshe Mittelman et al. "The Two Common Mutations Causing Factor XI Deficiency in Jews Stem From Distinct Founders: One of Ancient Middle Eastern Origin and Another of More Recent European Origin". Blood 90, n.º 7 (1 de outubro de 1997): 2654–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v90.7.2654.
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Abstract Previous studies showed that factor XI (FXI) deficiency commonly observed in Ashkenazi Jews is caused by two similarly frequent mutations, type II (Glu117stop) and type III (Phe283Leu) with allele frequencies of 0.0217 and 0.0254, respectively. In Iraqi Jews, who represent the ancient gene pool of Jews, only the type II mutation was observed with an allele frequency of 0.0167. In this study we sought founder effects for each mutation by examination of four FXI gene polymorphisms enabling haplotype analysis in affected Jewish patients of Ashkenazi, Iraqi, and other origins and in Arab patients. Initial population surveys of 387 Middle Eastern Jews (excluding Iraqi Jews), 560 North African/Sephardic Jews, and 382 Arabs revealed allele frequencies for the type II mutation of 0.0026, 0.0027, and 0.0065, respectively. In contrast, the type III mutation was not detected in any of these populations. All 60 independent chromosomes bearing the type III mutation were solely observed in Ashkenazi Jewish patients and were characterized by a relatively rare haplotype. All 103 independent chromosomes bearing the type II mutation in patients of Ashkenazi, Iraqi, Yemenite, Syrian, and Moroccan Jewish origin and of Arab origin were characterized by another distinct haplotype that was rare among normal Ashkenazi Jewish, Iraqi Jewish, and Arab chromosomes. These findings constitute the first example of a mutation common to Ashkenazi Jews, non-Ashkenazi Jews, and Arabs and are consistent with the origin of type II mutation in a founder before the divergence of the major segments of Jews. Our findings also indicate that the type III mutation arose more recently in an Ashkenazi Jewish individual.
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Ad'hiah, Ali H., Aaiad H. Al-rikabi, Zahra'a A. Ahmed e Liath A. Kamil. "HLA-A, -B, -DRB1 and -DQB1 polymorphisms among Iraqi Arabs". Human Immunology 81, n.º 5 (maio de 2020): 191–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.humimm.2020.03.006.
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Shakali, Swara. "Iraqi protests of 2019-2020: the perspective of Baghdad and Erbil". Конфликтология / nota bene, n.º 2 (fevereiro de 2020): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0617.2020.2.33442.
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This article is dedicated to examination of mass protests that unfolded in Iraq since the second half of 2019 until the beginning of 2020 and involved even northern part of the country (with prevailing Kurdish population). The core demand of protesters in the Arab part of the country consisted in amendment of the existing administrative system (“Muhasasa"), which issued quotas for the representatives of ethnic and religious groups of the country (Shiite and Sunni Arabs, and Kurds). Separate protests were also recorded in the Iraqi Kurdistan. The novelty of this research consists in examination of Iraqi protests at the present state, as well as from the perspective of relations between the central government of Iraq and Kurdish Autonomy. The conclusion is made that the key factor of protests consists in dissatisfaction of population with the quality of rendered services, low effectiveness of government apparatus, and high level of corruption. Although there is no direct correlation between protests in northern and southern parts of the country, the very fact of disturbances among the Kurds testifies to the existence social tension in northern Iraq. Theoretically, neglecting the demands of Arab population may lead to the proliferation of protests across the country.
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Fattah, Yousif Mohammed, Ahmed Basheer Mohammed e Nasreen Jalal Hussien. "Y-chromosomal STR variation in Kurds and Arabs population in Iraqi Kurdistan". International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 7, n.º 5 (26 de abril de 2019): 1631. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20191650.
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Background: The Iraqi Kurdistan local population involves more than eight gatherings of tenants. The Muslim Kurds make up most of the population and after that the Yezidi Kurds. Alternate gatherings incorporate Armenians, Assyrian, Chaldea, Syriacs, and little minority of Arab and Turkmen individuals.Methods: A total of 36 unrelated males from the two population groups in Iraqi Kurdistan: Kurds and Arabs were analyzed for eight Y-chromosome STRs (DYS19, DYS392, DYS437, DYS448, DYS456, DYS458, DYS635 and Y-GATA-H4). Total DNA from blood cells was extracted using DNA extraction Kit.Results: A number of genetic parameters such as mean number of alleles, allele frequency, gene diversity, polymorphic information content (PIC), and genetic distance were calculated using Power Marker V3.25 software. The DYS458 had the highest diversity (GD: 0.883), while loci DYS456 and Y-GATA-H4 had the lowest (GD: 0.574). The Dendrogram separated the populations into two main clades, the Kurd group and the Arab group except in one case only from the whole population.Conclusions: This study confirms the discriminating power of high-resolution Y-STR typing and provides first primary dataset on Iraqi Kurdistan samples. The comparison of Kurdish and Arab datasets reveals an interesting overall picture of isolation of Kurdish group. The primers DYS19, DYS448, DYS458, and DYS635 can be considered the best for their high PIC power.
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فتح الله, ابراهيم, e ابتسام قادر. "The media image of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq in Arabic Satellite News Channels Sites: Analysis Study (Aljazeera net)". Journal for Political and Security Studies 5, n.º 1 (1 de junho de 2022): 39–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31271/jopss.10058.
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This research presents the media image of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, on (Aljazeera net) website. This study uses content analysis methodology to reveal the content of topics concern to the Kurdistan region. The study reachs with a set of conclusions such as; the main focus of the news has been on issues of problems and conflicts, whether political, military or economic. The editorial policies of Aljazeera.net sites reflect their selection and formulation of news content. The study also proposes a number of recommendations, such as working on diversification of news topics concerning the Kurdistan Region, not being limited to frames the conflicts and problems, and moving towards news that serve the culture of communication between the Iraqi people, in particular between Arabs and Kurds.
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Hamed Ghali, Kareem. "Expression of HLA Class 1 In Iraqi Bladder Cancer Patients". AL-QADISIYAH MEDICAL JOURNAL 5, n.º 8 (24 de agosto de 2017): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.28922/qmj.2009.5.8.133-142.
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HLA types studied in sixty bladder cancer patients. A control sample of 80 apparently disease free individuals was included for comparisons, matched for ethinical background (Iraqi Arabs), sex and age. The study demonstrated significant deviations in four antigens, HLA -A2, -B5, -B51 and -Cw7, when comparisons was made between patients and controls. The frequency of antigen Cw7 was increased in the patients, while antigens A2, B5, and B51 showed decreased frequencies. Other associations were also observed when the tumour staging and grading were considered.
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ALHADI, Hasanain Abdulrazzaq. "THE IMPACT OF METHODS OF PREVENTION OF ENVY IN THE CONSOLIDATION OF SUPERSTITIONS AMONG THE ARABS BEFORE ISLAM، IRAQ AS A MODEL". RIMAK International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 08, n.º 03 (1 de novembro de 2021): 307–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2717-8293.8-3.23.
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The Iraqi civilization in the pre-Islamic eras inherited the beliefs and concepts of the ancient Sumerian, Babylonian and Assyrian civilizations that preceded it, as it was taken from the unseen thought - in magic, envy and sorcery - that was prevalent in the Arabian Peninsula, until the community of modern Iraqi civilization became ideological, stemming from An ancient civilization, and its neighboring civilizations. The ancient Iraqis believed in envy, and they tried to remove that fear and anxiety from it, because of their belief in the destructive effect on them, especially the preparations of their minds in revealing the scientific reasons behind a strong human being, and their inability to know secrets, without having a reason to be wrapped in other reasons, moved their priests. And their masters of charlatans, to invent superstitious ways and methods, printing their cultural reality, and in harmony with their religious thought, so they used spells and magical rituals, to control the envious eye, and they carried precious stones and amulets and beads and fortified several behaviors in order to distract the envious eye and ward off its danger from them.
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Abdulrahman, Bnar Abdulsalam, e Nama Ezzaalddin Mustafa. "Iraqi Kurd or Arab Male Authenticity Detection Based on Facial Feature". UHD Journal of Science and Technology 8, n.º 1 (3 de março de 2024): 64–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdjst.v8n1y2024.pp64-77.
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As an inherent human characteristic, ethnicity plays a fundamental and critical role in biometric identification. On the other hand, the human face is the core of man’s identity, and facts such as age and race are often extrapolated automatically from the face. The objective is to utilize computer technologies to identify and categorize ethnic groups based on facial features. Convolutional neural networks (CNN), which can automatically identify underlying patterns from data, excel at learning image features and have shown state-of-the-art performance in several visual recognition challenges, such as ethnicity detection. Although the automated classification of traits such as age, gender, and ethnicity is a well-researched topic, Iraqi ethnic groupings have not yet been addressed. This study seeks to tackle the challenge of predicting the ethnicity of Iraqi male individuals based on their facial traits for the two largest ethnic groups, the Arabs, and the Kurds. Male Iraqi Kurds and Arabs were each represented by 260 image samples. The dataset underwent a diverse array of preprocessing and data enhancement techniques, including image resizing, isolation, gamma correction, and contrast stretching. Moreover, to augment the dataset and expand its diversity, various techniques such as brightness adjustment, rotation, horizontal flip, and grayscale augmentations were systematically applied, effectively increasing the overall number of images, and enriching the dataset for improved model performance. Face images of Kurds and Arabs were classified using the Faster region-based CNN (RCNN) approach of deep learning. Due to insufficient data in the dataset, we propose employing transfer learning to extract features using several pre-trained models. Specifically, we examined EfficientNetB4, ResNet-50, SqueezeNet, VGG16, and MobileNetV2, resulting in accuracies of 96.73%, 94.91%, 93.39%, 92.48%, and 90.32%, accompanied by corresponding precision values of 0.86, 0.81, 0.80, 0.70, and 0.69, respectively. It is essential to emphasize that the following inference speeds – VGG16 (4.5 ms), ResNet-50 (4.6 ms), SqueezeNet (3.8 ms), MobileNetV2 (3.7 ms), and EfficientNet-B4 (16 ms) – represent the computing times needed for each backbone. Moreover, to achieve a harmonious trade-off between precision and the time required for inference, we chose ResNet-50 as the foundational framework for our model aimed at classifying ethnicity. The study also acknowledges limitations such as the availability and diversity of the dataset. Nevertheless, despite these limitations, it provides valuable perspectives on the automated prediction of Iraqi male ethnicity through facial features, presenting potential applications in various domains. The findings contribute to the broader conversation surrounding biometric identification and ethnic categorization, underscoring the importance of ongoing research and heightened awareness of the inherent limitations associated with such studies.
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Mohammad, Ara K., Bahez Ismael, Khanzad Ahmed Ali e Balnd M. Albarzinji. "Genetic Polymorphisms and Forensic Parameters of Thirteen X-Chromosome Markers in the Iraqi Kurdish Population". Journal of Nucleic Acids 2024 (15 de abril de 2024): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/9125094.
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X-chromosome short tandem repeat (X-STR) tools are crucial in forensic genetics and human population fields. This study presents the development and validation of a multiplex STR system consisting of thirteen X-STR loci and amelogenin specific to the human X chromosome. The system was optimized and tested for species specificity, sensitivity, stability, and DNA mixture using 9947A female and 9948 male control genomic DNA. The amplified products of nine loci were sequenced to determine the correct amplicon length. Allele frequencies, forensic parameters, mean exclusion chance (MEC), linkage disequilibrium (LD), and allelic patterns were investigated using DNA samples from 225 (159 male, 66 female) unrelated Kurdish individuals who live in Sulaymaniyah province in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. The most informative locus in the Kurdish population was GATA172D05, while the least informative locus was DXS10164. The results demonstrated that the 13 X-STR system is highly polymorphic and sensitive for forensic DNA identification. Genetic distance-based clustering, metric multidimensional scaling (MDS), and correlation matrix were analyzed for 19 ethnic groups and populations. The phylogenetic tree showed that populations clustered according to their ethnogeographic relationships. The findings revealed genetic links between the Iraqi Kurds, Caucasians, Iraqi Arabs, United States (U.S.) ethnic groups, and Chinese populations.
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Ahram, Ariel I. "DEVELOPMENT, COUNTERINSURGENCY, AND THE DESTRUCTION OF THE IRAQI MARSHES". International Journal of Middle East Studies 47, n.º 3 (28 de julho de 2015): 447–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743815000495.
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AbstractFollowing the 1990–91 Gulf War and the subsequent March 1991 uprising, the Iraqi government launched a brutal counterinsurgency campaign in the marshes of southern Mesopotamia. Alongside mass killing and forced population resettlement, the state used hydrological infrastructure to divert water from the wetlands, permanently desiccating the area. Using newly available Iraqi government archives, this paper argues that the destruction of the marshes was the result of a complex interplay between sectarianism, development planning, and security imperatives. Inhabited by peripatetic Marsh Arabs (Maʿdan), the marshlands stood out as an impenetrable wilderness. Baʿth policies in the marshes combined measures meant to promote social and economic modernization with counterinsurgency tactics meant to achieve control over the marsh region. After 1991, the regime set out to obliterate a terrain it deemed a strategic liability and a population that seemed an obstacle to modernization.
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Arif, Jasim Muna. "Alternation of consonants in the Iraqi "Baghdad" dialect". LAPLAGE EM REVISTA 7, n.º 3A (10 de setembro de 2021): 440–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24115/s2446-6220202173a1430p.440-445.
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This article discusses the most beloved and creative dialect of the Arabs - the Iraqi dialect, despite its complexity, but it has a lot of beautiful foreign vocabulary. We followed a descriptive and historical approach, also tracked phonetic changes in this dialect, and then gave phonological explanations for these phenomena, trying to connect most of the phenomena with their historical roots in the standard Arabic "al-Fussha" and in ancient Arabic dialects. Most modern linguists have realized the need to study these dialects, since many of the modern dialect characteristics are only extensions of some ancient Arabic dialects, and do not refer them to the classical language. The study of modern Arabic dialects may be faced with a number of obstacles being in this important area of linguistic investigations, including the feeling that the study of modern dialects is a kind of encouragement and the desire to demonstrate and replace them with Classical Arabic.
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Fayyad, Prof Asst Dr Wafaa Abbas. "Quranic grammar In the light of a new approach (almdwwnt almghlq)". ALUSTATH JOURNAL FOR HUMAN AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 222, n.º 1 (5 de novembro de 2018): 91–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.36473/ujhss.v222i1.369.
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(Qur'anic grammar) is a subject that has recently been studied in Iraqi universities. In fact, however, it lacks clarity in the intellectual vision and methodology of the Qur'anic specificity. Therefore, we will seek to find a disciplined methodology for the Qur'anic verses related to this Bible, From the words of the Arabs and published grammatical in their writings and grammatical books and increased it and estimated and gave the word of God to agree with the words of the Arabs and their rules. Therefore, the research will deal with the mechanism of applying the task of making the mechanism of interpreting the Koran in the Koran starting to establish a clear scientific approach is (almdwwnt almghlq approach).
The third topic deals with the approach of the Qur'anic approach (the almdwwnt almghlq) preceded by an introduction and a preface that deals with grammar in terms of language, grammar, and deviation in the function of grammar. Displays the most important results
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Khattab, Nathira Mahmoud. "The Israeli role in the occupation of Iraq intelligence dimension". Tikrit Journal For Political Science 2, n.º 3 (27 de fevereiro de 2019): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/poltic.v2i3.80.
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Since the beginning of the US campaign against Iraq and even before its occupation, the Israeli interest in the Iraqi issue has emerged and a strong interaction has emerged with events in the Gulf region since the first moments of weaving the crisis. This great interaction reflected the vision towards Iraq as an important actor in the equation of the Arab-Israeli conflict. Developments and monitoring the sequence of events with open eyes. The Israeli position on Iraq was governed by fear and fear because of its threat and challenge. It was one of the most important Arab countries that has been fighting the Israeli entity. It has carried the banner of confronting it and boycotting it since its inception, and through a blatant nationalist stance that has made the Palestinian cause the central cause of the Arabs. All the efforts and the material and moral potential to support it. Iraq in the Israeli perception is a state of confrontation, and if it does not combine with it borders, because of its role in the war of 1948 and the subsequent confrontations and wars, especially the 1973 war
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Mirskii, G. "Drama of the Arab East". World Economy and International Relations, n.º 11 (2014): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2014-11-77-87.
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New upheavals have shaken the Middle East this summer. A small but determined army of Sunni jihadists that had operated in the war-torn Syria suddenly crossed the border into Iraq and launched a large-scale military campaign. In a matter of days the invaders captured the second largest city of Iraq, Mosul, and although heavily outnumbered by the Iraqi army, put it to flight. The militants, known as ISIS (the Islamic State of Iraq and Sham, the latter word meaning Syria and Lebanon) and led by an exceedingly tough and ruthless commander Abubaqr al-Baghdadi, are descendants of the infamous terrorist international network Al-Qaeda. Actually, the ISIS members represent the third generation of Al-Qaeda militants who waged the war against the Soviet Army in Afghanistan back in 1989-s and later fought the Americans in Iraq in the wake of the U.S. invasion. Lately they joined the Syrian armed opposition that has been trying to overthrow the regime of Bashar al-Assad for about three years. Now that the military situation in Syria appears to favor the embattled president, ISIS has probably come to the conclusion that its priority is not necessarily the ousting of Assad; rather it is the creation of an Islamic state according to the name of their organization. Exactly this seems to be the rationale for their comeback into Iraq. The Sunni jihadists whose ultimate aim is to resurrect the medieval Islamic Caliphate have to confront both the Iraqi Kurds who live in a virtually semi-independent state formation and the Shia Arabs who mostly inhabit the southern part of Iraq. Yet, both communities, although probably capable of protecting North, South and the capital city, are hardly likely to reassert the government authority in the central part of the country. What is necessary is the assistance from abroad. The Shia-dominated Iraqi government of Nouri al-Maliki, in deep trouble, is looking to both Iran and the U.S. for military aid. Both Washington and Tehran, however, appear reluctant to be seen as wholeheartedly backing the Shia side if only for fear of alienating the mainstream Arab States who are of course Sunni. This is a pretty delicate situation indeed.
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Hilal, Reem M. "Refusing the Interrogation". Journal of Popular Music Studies 32, n.º 1 (1 de março de 2020): 57–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jpms.2020.32.1.57.
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This paper explores the way in which hip hop artists Iraqi British Lowkey, Iraqi Canadian Narcy, and the Palestinian crew DAM deploy music to challenge narratives of terrorism that are constructed to achieve political objectives and consequently obfuscate geopolitical inequities. Central to these narratives is the figure of the terrorist who is often conflated with Arabs, Muslims, Middle Easterners, and those who express dissent against these narratives. All three artists use hip hop to deconstruct the narratives of terrorism in order to address the perspectives of marginalized groups and to problematize their use. Through their music, Lowkey, Narcy, and DAM contest definitions of terrorism that are differentially applied to certain communities and do not address the use of violence, specifically state violence, to achieve political objectives. These artists suggest an alternative framework where terrorism is not determined by a specific cultural, ethnic, national, or religious affiliation, the root causes of violence are considered, and the complex geopolitical landscape contextualized.
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Nordin, Nur Rasyidah, Muhammad Hussain Hamza e Zalmizy Hussin. "Politeness Strategies in Declining Invitations: A Cross-Cultural Analysis between Iraqi Arabs and Kurds". 3L The Southeast Asian Journal of English Language Studies 30, n.º 2 (27 de junho de 2024): 218–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/3l-2024-3002-14.
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Muhammed, Mariwan mahmood, e Ahmad Muhammed-Ameen Qqdir. "The Attempts of Kurdish Parliamentarians in Iraqi Government to Achieve Education and Literacy in Native Language During(1925-1933)". Journal of University of Raparin 9, n.º 2 (29 de março de 2022): 398–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.26750/vol(9).no(2).paper17.
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After the foundation of Iraq in 1921, Kurds tried to achieve their own ethnic right within this new country. Although a part of South Kurdistan (Sulaimania and its suburbs) was not a part of this new government, British authorities made their best to enhance the relationship between Kurds and Iraqi authorities; and as a consequence of Britain insistence and the support of League of Nations, Mosul province was attached to Iraqi government on 16th December 1925, After conducting the election for the foundation assembly, Kurdish representatives made their effort to enjoy formally the right of education in their native language, but this demand was strongly rejected by the majority of the Arab members.
Kurdish representatives in the Iraqi House of Representatives, through discussions on the council or by memorandum, called for an improvement in the situation of Kurdish education, and the most notable memorandum that Kurdish representatives presented to the Ministry of Education in June 1928, which called for the reopening of the school that they needed and formed committees to set up books and translate schools into Kurdish, but Ma'arif officials rejected their requests, believing that the curriculum was better in Arabic, and they described the Kurdish language as a weak language. Although under Article (16) of Iraq’s Constitution and Article (9) of the Local Language Act of 1931, education in primary schools with a majority of Kurdish population should have been in Kurdish, however the rules have not been implemented as necessary.
The main objective of this research is to demonstrate the efforts of Kurdish representatives to improve the education situation in the Kurdish region, and the research method is to determine the historical truth that Kurdish representatives have requested for Kurdish studies, except for the small number, and many Arabs in parliament have rejected their requests.
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Joseph K. Mandwee. "Correlating educational attainment, attitudes towards seeking psychotherapy, and willingness to seek mental health treatment among Iraqi refugees". World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 17, n.º 1 (30 de janeiro de 2023): 318–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.17.1.0003.
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Background: Because of the highly limited nature of research on Arabs and refugees in general, no previous effort to correlate educational attainment, attitudes towards seeking psychotherapy, and willingness to seek treatment among Iraqi refugees exists. Aims: The purpose of this study was to correlate level of educational attainment, attitudes towards seeking psychotherapy, and willingness to seek mental health treatment among a small, voluntary, convenience sample of Iraqi refugees. Methods: This online study followed a non-experimental, correlational research design for the purpose of collecting descriptive statistics utilizing a survey method. The data was properly categorized along the independent and dependent variables and statistically analyzed using Pearson’s r correlations. Results & Conclusions: Among the surveyed participants, no statistically significant difference could be established in either attitudes towards seeking psychotherapy or willingness to seek treatment based on gender or location. There was an almost negligible, positive association between age and level of educational attainment. As expected in alignment with previous research, level of educational attainment among the Iraqi refugee participants positively correlated with attitudes towards seeking psychotherapy (although not as robustly with willingness to seek treatment), and regardless of age for both variables. Ultimately, more positive attitudes towards seeking psychotherapy were also associated with a higher level of willingness to seek treatment.
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Alwan, Ass Prof Dr Rasha Jameel, e Ass Lecture Widad Abdul Sada. "The Iraqi Deputies’ Stance on the Privilege of the Hejaz Railway in the Discussions of the Ottoman Council of Deputies 1908-1914 CE". Thi Qar Arts Journal 2, n.º 44 (31 de dezembro de 2023): 184–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.32792/tqartj.v2i44.494.
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The Hejaz Railway, one of the most significant projects undertaken by the Ottoman Empire during the reign of Sultan Abdul Hamid II, stands as a remarkable accomplishment. It was a collaborative effort involving Arabs and Muslims from various Ottoman provinces, including Iraq. Their contributions were vital due to the railway's religious, political, economic, and military significance. Consequently, the Hejaz Railway garnered attention during the discussions of the Ottoman Council of Deputies from 1908 to 1914, where Iraqi deputies actively participated with their proposals and opinions.
The research delves into the Hejaz Railway project, which received foreign privileges granted to its German ally by the Ottoman Empire. Despite differing perspectives among Arab and Turkish writers regarding the concept and motivations behind these privileges, the railway sparked numerous debates within the Ottoman Council of Deputies. These discussions highlighted the divergence of views between Arabs and Ottomans concerning the railway project.
As the Ottoman Empire shifted its policies toward European nations, it sought to strengthen relations through alliances and agreements known as "privileges." These privileges encompassed economic, military, political, and religious aspects, granting European powers freedom of movement and trade within the Ottoman territories. However, this approach had unintended consequences, as these privileges became tools for European intervention in the empire's internal affairs and control over its economy. Notably, the Hejaz Railway privilege was bestowed during Sultan Abdul Hamid II's rule.
The Hejaz region held immense importance within the Ottoman Empire due to its status as the starting point of the Islamic world. Geographically and religiously, the Hejaz was unique, maintaining a special position for the Ottomans. This situation persisted for centuries until the Hejaz separated from Ottoman rule after the Great Arab Revolt. Consequently, the Hejaz Railway project garnered widespread Islamic interest.
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Abdulwahhab Ismail, Ismail. "Rectifying the Image of Arabs in the World: The Necessity of Translation in The Great Satirist by AmjadTawfiq". Arab World English Journal For Translation and Literary Studies 8, n.º 1 (15 de fevereiro de 2024): 44–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awejtls/vol8no1.3.
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This study delves into the profound impact of Iraqi novelist Amjad Tawfiq’s groundbreaking work, The Great Satirist, on illuminating the intricate tapestry of Arab and Iraqi societies. Spanning historical epochs to contemporary times characterized by the ominous presence of extremist groups in Mosul and the broader Middle East, the novel serves as a poignant window into the heart and soul of these regions. Employing a meticulous stylistic-thematic analysis, this paper aspires to pave the way for an authentic translation of the novel, primarily into English, to broaden its reach to a Western audience. By preserving the rich tapestry of human experiences and nurturing a profound sense of national identity, this translation seeks to be a catalyst for peaceful coexistence and mutual comprehension among diverse ethnicities within the Arab world. As the study culminates, it underscores the pivotal role of Arabic literary works in the documentation of historical events and their unique capacity to advocate for a sense of belonging and unity within societies. In an increasingly interconnected world, the transcendent power of literature to bridge cultural divides and foster an appreciation of shared humanity becomes more pronounced, highlighting the importance of endeavors such as this in promoting global harmony and understanding.
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Ali, Munther A., e Yassir A. Yassir. "Mandibular Clinical Arch Forms in Iraqi Population: A National Survey". Diagnostics 12, n.º 10 (28 de setembro de 2022): 2352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12102352.
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Background: This study aims to identify mandibular clinical arch forms and dimensions in the Iraqi population. Materials and methods: The study sample consisted of pre-treatment mandibular study models of the Iraqi population. The most labial aspect of 13 proximal contact areas was digitized using AutoCAD software to determine the clinical bracket point for every tooth. The dental arches were classified into three types: tapered, ovoid, and square. The arch dimensions were identified using four linear and two proportional measurements. Results: A total of 1005 study models were collected. The arch forms were distributed as ovoid (47%), tapered (36.2%), and square (16.8%), with no significant difference in the distribution between Arabs and Kurds. The ovoid arch form was predominant in class I and class III malocclusion, while the tapered arch form was predominant in class II. All the linear measurements were greater in the males than in the females. The arch widths decreased as the arch form shifted from square to ovoid to tapered, while the arch depths showed the reverse relation. Conclusions: According to this study, ovoid and tapered archwires should suit the majority of Iraqi patients. The ovoid arch form was the most predominant in the subjects with class I and class III malocclusion, while the tapered arch form was the most predominant in the class II subjects.
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Бредихин, А. В., e К. А. Гречихин. "REACTION OF THE IRAQI SOCIETY TO THE 2003 INVASION OF IRAQ BY THE U.S. AND ALLIES". Человеческий капитал, n.º 1(181) (19 de janeiro de 2024): 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.25629/hc.2024.01.04.
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В данной статье авторы рассматривают реакцию многогранного иракского общества на вторжение США в Ирак весной 2003 года. В отечественной литературе акцент делается в основном на военной истории и международной реакции, данная же тема раскрыта недостаточно. Авторы анализируют действия Временной коалиционной администрации и противодействие основных этноконфессиональных групп Ирака (арабов шиитов и суннитов), в период с апреля 2003 года по июнь 2004 гг. Помимо вакуума власти образованного в Багдаде после вторжения США и союзников, обострились ранее созревшие социально-политические проблемы, усиленные двенадцатилетним санкционным давлением. Новейшие зарубежные исследования, а также авторитетные труды прошлых лет, помогут детально разобраться в том, как шииты проявили свой протест оккупационным властям, насколько радикализировались сунниты и как сильно курды сотрудничали с интервентами. В выводах будет дана оценка американской подготовке к послевоенному периоду в Ираке, обновлены данные по сопротивлению иракцев оккупантам и новым властям, а также определена роль многих факторов от мародерства до роста терроризма, которые усиливали хаос в Ираке после свержения Саддама Хусейна. In this article the authors examine the reaction of the multifaceted Iraqi society to the US invasion of Iraq in the spring of 2003. The domestic literature emphasizes mainly military history and international reaction, and this topic is not sufficiently covered. The authors analyze the actions of the Coalition Provisional Authority and the opposition of Iraq's main ethno-confessional groups (Shiite and Sunni Arabs) in the period from April 2003 to June 2004. In addition to the power vacuum created in Baghdad after the U.S. and allied invasion, previously ripe socio-political problems intensified, reinforced by twelve years of sanctions pressure. The latest foreign research, as well as authoritative works from the past, will provide a detailed understanding of how Shiites protested the occupation, how Sunnis were radicalized, and how strongly Kurds cooperated with the interventionists. The findings will assess U.S. preparations for postwar Iraq, update data on Iraqi resistance to the occupiers and the new authorities, and identify the role of many factors, from looting to the rise of terrorism, that contributed to the chaos in Iraq after the overthrow of Saddam Hussein.
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Al Basuony, Gihan Samy Ibrahim. "Representation of Iraqi War between Fantasy and Reality in Rajiv Joseph's Bengal Tiger at Baghdad Zoo: A New Historicist Reading". European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, n.º 29 (31 de outubro de 2016): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n29p323.
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Rajiv Joseph's Bengal Tiger at the Baghdad Zoo is among the plays which represent the Iraqi war— a prominent event in postmodern history. The play is based on a real story which happened in the Bagdad Zoo when some American soldiers killed a rare Bengal tiger. It is a documentation of this real story and it includes real names and historical places and characters, which make it qualified as a documentary play. The present paper employs the new historicist method in its attempt to show how much the play is a representation of the culture that motivates the actions, whether it is the culture of the author or that of the characters concerned, Arabs and Americans. Thus, the play could be seen both as a product of the interaction of the American culture and the Arab culture that it came in touch with. The American soldiers first saw this war as a mission of freedom, while the Iraqis saw it as ruin of their culture. However, the dramatic method reflects changes in perspectives as the characters come into contact. In this way, the present reading is a chance to understand cultural and intellectual history through literature and mutual influence of cultures.
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DAYAN, Serdar. "Problems Encountered in Teaching Turkish to Arabs: the Case of Baghdad". Journal of Research in Turkic Languages 2, n.º 2 (15 de novembro de 2020): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.34099/jrtl.224.
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Many nationsfused withone anotherin history and felt the need to learn each other’s languages due tothis fusion. Turks and Arabs have lived together for centuries and united under the roofs of the same states due to their intersection in many common aspects. Their mutual efforts to learn each other’s languages as a result of developing relations and common grounds havepersevered till the present. In addition to Turks’ efforts to learn Arabic, there have been intense efforts of Arabas to learn Turkish. The endeavors to learn and teach Turkish, which rose with Divan-u Lugati’t-Turk in the past, are now carried out in an abundance of resources in modern areas through technological tools.Although Arabs and Turks lived together for many years, they have had difficulties and problems in learning each other’s languages as their language come from different language families. This study focused on problems encountered in teaching Turkish to Arab students. Data on the problemsexperienced by Turkishlanguage teachers who teach in schools and training centers in Baghdad were collected through interviews. Exam papers, homework, and other works of the students were examined. A survey for teachers was conducted in this regard. The study focused on the problems identified as 14 items in line with the examinations.Keywords: Foreign language, Teaching Turkish, Teaching Turkish in Baghdad.IntroductionOur world is developing rapidly in every aspect. Interactions on matters such as social, economic, education, etc., among nations are at a high level. These interactions have created the need to learn foreign languages. The need for foreign language increased the importance of foreign language education. There have always been problems in teaching language to foreigners. In general, students experience difficulties in differences between their language and the foreign language they try to learn. The problems in this study usually consisted of such problems. Comparison between the foreign language to be learned,and the native language will make it easier to determine the will arise later. Comparisons allow the teacherand the learner to anticipate the difficulty,make preparations,and carry out studies accordingly(Bölükbaş, 2001).Teaching Turkish to the Arabs beganwith the Divan-ü Lügati't-Türk,written by Kasgarli Mahmut. Turks and Arabs felt the need to learn each other's languages because they have lived together for many years.Among the reasons for long life and fusion, there were reasons such as common religion, common land, trade, common goals, cultural affinity, and social life similarity. Both languages have affected each other with the impact of living together. The influence of Turkish on Arabic is seen in the dialects of Arabic rather than the academic Arabic called “Fusha.”The abundance and still intense use of Turkish words in Iraqi dialect among the public revealed the influence of Turkish. As it is known, there were more expeditions to the eastern countries during the reign of Yavuz Sultan Selim,and the Arab population in the Ottoman State increased as a result of these campaigns. However, the most important event of this period was thatthe
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Omar Mezher Malik, Ahmed Waleed Abdel Rahman. "The relationship of some biomechanical variables with the achievement of 50 m freestyle swimming for youth". Mustansiriyah Journal of Sports Science 1, n.º 3 (12 de fevereiro de 2024): 275–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.62540/mjss.2019.01.03.10.
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Abstract:Swimming is among the most popular sporting events in the world because of its wide popularity and great interest among all age groups, whether as a recreational aspect that achieves a lot of physical and health gains or as a side that points towards competition and athletic achievement through various competitions and competitions.Biomechanics has contributed to its various Kinetic and Kinetic laws to provide a significant amount of reliable information, which is use in sports training through mechanical analysis in a qualitative way and this require to design and manufacture devices and advanced technical tools according to scientific visions for the research problem.The researchers noticed that the Iraqi swimming achievements is still far from that of Arabs countries nor Asian countries, the lack of accurate performance information helps the trainer improve performance, and there is a lack of studies of 50m freestyle swimming, which deals with both kinematic and kinematic.Research problem is the absence of accurate data on the amount of force exerted by the swimmer on the surrounding water medium. The imposition of the research, there is a statistically significant relationship between the biomechanical variables and the achievement of 50 m freestyle.Field of research: the Iraqi freestyle swimming from 22/4/2017 until 30/8/2017.The methodology of the research, the researchers used the descriptive method. The sample of the research was six swimmers representing the Iraqi team swimming for youth.The most important conclusions of the variables investigated have an effect on the achievement of the most important recommendations attention to biomechanical variables synchronized with the physical capabilities
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J.L. Al-Zaidy, Kadhim, e Giuliana Parisi. "Re Extrapolation For The Iraq Marshes Which Falling Within The World Heritage List(A Literature Review)". Al-Qadisiyah Journal For Agriculture Sciences (QJAS) (P-ISSN: 2077-5822 , E-ISSN: 2617-1479) 8, n.º 2 (1 de dezembro de 2018): 65–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.33794/qjas.vol8.iss2.60.
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The Mesopotamian Marshlands or The Garden of Eden, lies in the southern part of Iraq with estimated area of 15000-20000 km2. Historically, the area had pioneering role in the human civilization for over 5000 years. The indigenous people of the area are called “Marsh Arabs” or “Ma’dan” who are the descendants of the Sumerians and Semitic people. The former Iraqi regime (Saddam Hussein) had violently led an aggressive campaign to drain the marshes in 1991. Only %7 of the total area survived this campaign, which caused a mass destruction of the ecosystem and dwellers’ displacement. In 2003, water started to flow back to the area. Yet, the reflooding did not restore the whole former area of the wetlands. Moreover, the new ecosystem influenced the diversity and characteristics of the co-existing species in the area. In 2016, due to the importance of the Mesopotamian Marshlands, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) listed three marshes from the area as World Heritage Sites requiring conservation, namely: Hammar, Hwezeh and Central Marshes. The aim of this study is to re-evaluate the ecosystem of those three sites from a biological perspective by examining some challenges that should be dealt with to restore stability to this multi-thousand-year-old system
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Snir, Reuven. ""My Heart Beats with Love of the Arabs": Iraqi Jews Writing in Arabic in the Twentieth Century". Journal of Modern Jewish Studies 1, n.º 2 (novembro de 2002): 182–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1472588022000029406.
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Coller, BS, DA Cheresh, E. Asch e U. Seligsohn. "Platelet vitronectin receptor expression differentiates Iraqi-Jewish from Arab patients with Glanzmann thrombasthenia in Israel". Blood 77, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 1991): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v77.1.75.75.
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Abstract Glanzmann thrombasthenia is a rare, inherited disorder of the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GP IIb/IIIa) complex. We previously identified two distinct populations with this disorder in Israel, Iraqi-Jews and Arabs. The groups are indistinguishable in hemorrhagic symptoms and platelet GP IIB/IIIa receptor deficiency, but they differ in their platelet immunodetectable GP IIIa (beta 3), with the Iraqi-Jewish population expressing no detectable GP IIIa and the Arab population expressing small amounts. We have now examined the platelets of these two populations as well as normal platelets for the alpha v beta 3 vitronectin receptor. Normal platelets contained between approximately 50 to 100 alpha v beta 3 vitronectin receptors as judged by the binding of antibodies to both alpha v (LM142) and the intact alpha v beta 3 vitronectin receptor complex (LM609). In addition, normal platelets bound to immobilized vitronectin in the presence of 1 mmol/LMnCl2; the adhesion was mediated predominantly through GP IIb/IIIa, but with a distinct contribution by the alpha v beta 3 vitronectin receptor, as determined by monoclonal antibody inhibition studies. Iraqi-Jewish patients' platelets had a profound decrease in immunodetectable alpha v beta 3 vitronectin receptors, and their platelets did not adhere well to vitronectin. In contrast, Arab patients' platelets had normal or increased numbers of platelet alpha v beta 3 vitronectin receptors, and these receptors functioned well in the vitronectin adhesion assay, taking over much of the adhesion mediated by GP IIb/IIIa in normal platelets. These studies define further the heterogeneity of the molecular basis of Glanzmann thrombasthenia; they also have more widespread implications for understanding the synthesis and function of the beta 3 family of integrin receptors.
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Coller, BS, DA Cheresh, E. Asch e U. Seligsohn. "Platelet vitronectin receptor expression differentiates Iraqi-Jewish from Arab patients with Glanzmann thrombasthenia in Israel". Blood 77, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 1991): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v77.1.75.bloodjournal77175.
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Glanzmann thrombasthenia is a rare, inherited disorder of the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GP IIb/IIIa) complex. We previously identified two distinct populations with this disorder in Israel, Iraqi-Jews and Arabs. The groups are indistinguishable in hemorrhagic symptoms and platelet GP IIB/IIIa receptor deficiency, but they differ in their platelet immunodetectable GP IIIa (beta 3), with the Iraqi-Jewish population expressing no detectable GP IIIa and the Arab population expressing small amounts. We have now examined the platelets of these two populations as well as normal platelets for the alpha v beta 3 vitronectin receptor. Normal platelets contained between approximately 50 to 100 alpha v beta 3 vitronectin receptors as judged by the binding of antibodies to both alpha v (LM142) and the intact alpha v beta 3 vitronectin receptor complex (LM609). In addition, normal platelets bound to immobilized vitronectin in the presence of 1 mmol/LMnCl2; the adhesion was mediated predominantly through GP IIb/IIIa, but with a distinct contribution by the alpha v beta 3 vitronectin receptor, as determined by monoclonal antibody inhibition studies. Iraqi-Jewish patients' platelets had a profound decrease in immunodetectable alpha v beta 3 vitronectin receptors, and their platelets did not adhere well to vitronectin. In contrast, Arab patients' platelets had normal or increased numbers of platelet alpha v beta 3 vitronectin receptors, and these receptors functioned well in the vitronectin adhesion assay, taking over much of the adhesion mediated by GP IIb/IIIa in normal platelets. These studies define further the heterogeneity of the molecular basis of Glanzmann thrombasthenia; they also have more widespread implications for understanding the synthesis and function of the beta 3 family of integrin receptors.
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Nasser, Hussein Aliwi. "The Reality Of Scientific Research In Iraqi Universities And Ways Of Upgrading". Iraqi Administrative Sciences Journal 2, n.º 4 (30 de dezembro de 2018): 62–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.33013/iqasj.v2n4y2018.pp81-94.
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The fields of scientific research expanded with the development of human civilization, where science was a practice of verbal description. It underwent a lot of change and development, and the Arabs had a long history in the field of science and scientists. The scientific messages contained the facts, theories and perceptions of the finest that can be obtained in any Another place of the world (1).
The objective of the research is to study the concept of scientific research in Iraq and to show its role in the service of society, and it is natural to face difficulties and obstacles, because upgrading it according to available possibilities. The research also dealt with the impact of Iraqi universities as the main incubator for scientific research.
As for the survey tools used in the research or the method used, the information was derived from different sources. The analytical descriptive descriptive approach was used in studying many of the developments and variables that accompanied the historical development of scientific research. As it is said, history is the "forefather of human sciences and (2), we are part of history, and one day we will turn to history, and history was the future of a date before and prior to the previous history. To understand the present, it is necessary to study the past in all its dimensions and to understand it in a way that helps us to predict the future and give the closest expectations to accuracy and realism.
With regard to the sources of the study, it relied on the official sources and references in the field of scientific research, as well as the translated Arabic references
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Kannan, Meganathan, e Renu Saxena. "Glanzmann's Thrombasthenia: An Overview". Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis 15, n.º 2 (16 de outubro de 2008): 152–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1076029608326165.
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Glanzmann's thrombasthenia (GT) is an autosomal recessive inherited bleeding disorder due to a defect in platelet function. The hallmark of this disease is severely reduced/absent platelet aggregation in response to multiple physiological agonists. Bleeding signs in GT include epistaxis, bruising, gingival hemorrhage, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, hematuria, menorrhagia, and hemarthrosis. Homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in the genes of GPIIb and GPIIIa lead to GT. A patient with GT, with no possible causative mutations in GPIIb and GPIIIa genes, may harbor defects in a regulatory element affecting the transcription of these 2 genes. GT occurs in high frequency in certain ethnic populations with an increased incidence of consanguinity such as in Indians, Iranians, Iraqi Jews, Palestinian and Jordanian Arabs, and French Gypsies. Carrier detection in GT is important to control the disorder in family members. Carrier detection can be done both by protein analysis and direct gene analysis.
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Zheni, Thouraya. "Person Deixis as Biased Political Pronouns in George W. Bush’s Speeches on Iraqi War II". International Journal of Language and Literary Studies 2, n.º 1 (18 de março de 2020): 155–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.36892/ijlls.v2i1.112.
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Misrepresentation and manipulation in discourse can be weapons of mass deception. As politicians rely on language as their tool of trade, language users may opt for a language game to achieve their political ends. This is, in fact, the objective of the present study that focuses on the manipulation of person deixis in political discourse. The current research paper sheds light on the perception of Arabs and Muslims from a western perspective. More specifically, the speeches of George W. Bush, delivered between March 2003 and June 2004, and related to Iraqi War II, are analyzed within Fairclough's socio-cultural approach to CDA. The results of this study show that the use of political pronouns in G. W Bush's speeches reflects a WE\THEY dichotomy that divides the referents into pro-US and anti-US groups. The selection of pronouns distorts the truth and misrepresents the referents by allocating negative\pejorative words to them and categorizing them as proliferators of weapons of mass destruction. This research analyzes political pronouns in discourse within the framework of CDA and explains how person deixis is used in a language game to deceive public opinion.
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Aziza Khazzoom. "A Comparison of Talk about Arabs by Iraqi and Polish Women Who Immigrated to Israel in the 1950s". Israel Studies 23, n.º 2 (2018): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/israelstudies.23.2.03.
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Rich, Paul. "The Iraqi Marshlands and the March Arabs: The Ma'dan, Their Culture and the Environment - Edited by Sam Kubba". Digest of Middle East Studies 21, n.º 1 (março de 2012): 234–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1949-3606.2011.00112.x.
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Abdul-Jabar, Faleh. "Reflections on Arabs and sociology: insights into sociological schools of thought in the Arab World – challenges and issues". Contemporary Arab Affairs 7, n.º 4 (1 de outubro de 2014): 499–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17550912.2014.955986.
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This article has two sections. The first elaborates on a new Arab proposal that is gaining prominence in the realm of sociological research, which calls for a new sociological classification based on the concept of balance/conflict. The second section explores the work of the Iraqi scholar and sociologist Ali Al-Wardi and describes how he adapted the sociological concepts useful in analysing Western societies and combined them with the work of the forerunner of Arab sociology, Ibn Khaldoun, in applying them to the Arab world. The article explores the problems that have arisen for sociology in the region, and it attempts to classify the schools of sociological thought in the areas of epistemology and ideology, characteristics and seclusion, synthesis and openness. It describes the process of how these schools of sociological thought have evolved, and how they can be simplified and rendered useful for Arab sociologists to study their societies.
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Talib, Jaza Tofiq, e Hemin Nasraldin M. Amin. "Geographical Analysis of the Population of Khanaqin District". Halabja University Journal 7, n.º 1 (30 de março de 2022): 18–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.32410/huj-10402.
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The geographical analysis of the population of each region is one of the most important issues that should be discussed and investigated by experts in this matter, grunting finds itself reflecting on the economic, political and social aspects. This research is considered within the field of Population Geography in the district of Khanaqin, which is located in the northeast of Diyala governorate on the Islamic Republic of Iran border. It has an important location in the Kurdistan region, as it is located in the southeast part of the Kurdistan region. (33° 56- 38= - 35° 06- 40=) north, and two longitudes (44° 50- 10= - 45° 46- 44=) east. This study aims to present the number and national composition of population of Khanaqin district according to the official population censuses of Iraq, and a change in the national composition due to the policy of Arabization, In light of the research's objectives, the research has been divided into three main topics: "Introducing the research area, the population of Khanaqin district, and the national movement in Khanaqin district". the research reached a set of results, the most important of which is the gradual decrease in the percentage of Kurds in all official censuses. On the other hand, the percentage of Arabs increased, especially in the census (1977). The reason for this is the Arabization policy by the Iraqi government.