Artigos de revistas: "Intuitive insights"

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Abraham, Nicola. "The intuit: An investigation into the definitions, applications and possibilities offered by intuitive applied theatre practice with vulnerable youth". Applied Theatre Research 7, n.º 2 (1 de dezembro de 2019): 233–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/atr_00018_1.

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Abstract This article offers insights into what might constitute intuition in applied theatre practices with vulnerable youth in London. The study will explore the approaches of five theatre companies working with children and vulnerable youth. A lead practitioner from each company has been interviewed, and the interpretation of the data they have provided has offered new insights into the role of intuition as an approach to ensuring that applied theatre is responsive to young people living precarious lives. The research identifies two aspects of intuitive practice: one that resides with the actions and thoughts of the practitioner, and the other that involves the acceptance of intuitive creative offerings by participants. The study has also revealed the potential heightening of intuitive responses for practitioners who share history, culture, location or identities with their participants. As a whole, the findings offer useful potential considerations of key qualities for an intuitive practitioner, or the intuit, working specifically with young people in contexts of uncertainty.

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Mamatkulov, Rashidbek Ravshanbekovich. "Intuitive Metaphysical Insights In The Works Of The Painter Bakhodir Jalalov". American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations 03, n.º 02 (28 de fevereiro de 2021): 332–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/volume03issue02-52.

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This research paper provides an overview of the works of the Uzbek painter Bakhodir Jalalov (Bakhodir Jalal), which reflects all facets of his talent, admiration for the mastery of revival, as well as a tribute to artistic traditions, the embodiment of unique Central Asian motives, and very successful tests in avant-garde.

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Vanharanta, Markus, Ronika Chakrabarti e Phoebe Wong. "Institutional life of intuitive insights: Legitimacy of virtuoso intuitive marketing management". Industrial Marketing Management 43, n.º 5 (julho de 2014): 760–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2014.04.006.

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Danakari, Lily. "Intuitive Cognition as a Specific Phenomenon of Philosophy: Grounds and Features". Logos et Praxis, n.º 3 (novembro de 2019): 156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/lp.jvolsu.2019.3.17.

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The article raises the problem of intuition as a specific phenomenon of epistemology. The author emphasizes the direct nature of intuitive cognition implying the presence of a minimum of preliminary reasoning, the lack of scientific rigor in interpretations and an independent attitude to conclusions and evidence. Intuitive cognition differs from rational cognition in its spontaneity, self-evidence. The advantage of intuition is to overcome the well-known, familiar in solving problems, the possibility of expanding the boundaries of knowledge. Intuitive knowledge as a representation of an object in its totality can be unconscious. Intuition allows us to "grasp" reality, to see its fluidity and variability. Discovery by intuition is unexpected. There are often times when all hope on solving the problem is lost. As a result of intuitive activity there is a complete and qualitative change of previous ideas, new knowledge appears, a different picture of the world is formed. Active use of intuition is mainly stipulated by the high level of intelligence of the scientist, his professionalism. The possibility of intuitive insight is greatly enhanced if the researcher is highly qualified. As a result of research the author succeeded to reveal that intuition is specific for searches and "insights", and results have an unexpected character. Intuition as a form of cognition is unique in its dynamism. It is the result of the unity of sensuous and rational knowledge. A special condition for the emergence of intuitive "insight" is the presence of a situation of continuous search. It is important not just to state the problem, but also to persevere towards the goal, careful and scrupulous research, the desire not to stop working even in case of failures. In the scientific world there is always a variety of opinions and positions. According to the results, we can conclude that intuition is one of the important epistemological factors contributing to the continuous expansion of the entire space of knowledge about nature, society, man and his thinking. It is the integration of all types and structures of cognitive activity including various forms of intuition, that gives fruitful results, helps the scientist to achieve his goal.

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Hunter, Aren, Tania Randall e Heather Colbert. "Intuitive Insights For Course Of Action Development". Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 62, n.º 1 (setembro de 2018): 212–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931218621050.

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Defence Research and Development Canada - Atlantic has been investigating ideas and tools to aid shipboard planning teams with course of action (COA) development. Considerable previous research on operational planning suggests that the process is not well-suited to shipboard planning. In light of the shortcomings of current planning methods, the PreMortem method was investigated as a methodology to aid shipboard planning teams in developing more intuitive and creative COAs. The aim of this research was to evaluate planning teams’ acceptance, ease of use and perceived value of the PreMortem as an addition to traditional decision matrix planning methods. The results suggest that the PreMortem method adds value in the form of COA creativity over traditional planning methods. The PreMortem method is a recommended addition to the current process.

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Arroyo, Gustavo Javier. "Philosophers as Intuitive Lawyers". Contemporary Pragmatism 15, n.º 1 (22 de fevereiro de 2018): 46–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18758185-01501004.

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Philosophers have traditionally described themselves as “intuitive scientists”: people seeking the most justified theories about distinctive aspects of the world. Relying on insights from philosophers as Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Williams James, I argue that philosophers should be described instead as “intuitive lawyers” who defend a point of view largely by appealing to non-cognitive reasons.

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Matzler, Kurt, Borislav Uzelac e Florian Bauer. "Intuition: the missing ingredient for good managerial decision-making". Journal of Business Strategy 35, n.º 6 (17 de novembro de 2014): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbs-12-2012-0077.

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Purpose – This paper aims to clarify the role of intuition in managerial decision making by identifying when intuitive decision making is typically applied, of what value it is for organizations and what inhibits its application. Design/methodology/approach – The authors combine insights from cognitive and social psychology with empirical evidence from a survey study with Austrian organizations. Findings – In conjunction with deliberation, intuitive decision making contributes positively to organizational performance. Its application is moderated by a person’s hierarchical position, organization size as well as the subject at hand. Research limitations/implications – While literature suggests to rely on self-reports to measure success, this approach can also be perceived as a limitation of this paper. Although insiders are most knowledgeable about their organizations, their information might lack objectivity. It is therefore important that future research applies more objective success measures. Practical implications – This research stresses the merits and dangers of intuitive decision making and advises managers how to become “good” intuitive decision makers. Social implications – Understanding the hallmarks of intuitive decision making, as well as the factors that moderate it, alters the understanding of our actions and therefore has implications for all human interactions. Originality/value – This paper adds to existing literature on intuition in management research by providing empirical data regarding the value of intuition and factors that inhibit its application in organizational contexts.

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Ellegaard, Chris, Ulla Normann e Nina Lidegaard. "Intuitive global sourcing – a study of supplier selection decisions by apparel SMEs". International Journal of Operations & Production Management 42, n.º 2 (4 de janeiro de 2022): 151–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijopm-03-2021-0205.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to create knowledge on the intuitive global sourcing process applied by small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) managers.Design/methodology/approachThis study reports on qualitative inquiries with experienced sourcing managers from 10 SMEs in the textile industry. The study follows a three-step semi-structured interviewing process, allowing us to gradually unveil the detailed nature of the intuitive supplier selection process.FindingsNine of the 10 SMEs rely on a highly intuitive supplier selections process, where one supplier at a time is gradually taken into the exchange while testing the supplier’s behavior. The process consists of an early heuristics sub-process, which gradually switches over to a more advanced intuiting behavioral pattern-matching process.Practical implicationsMost OM/SCM research has treated global sourcing and supplier selection as a highly rational, analytical and deliberate optimization problem. This study uncovers a completely different, and frequently successful, intuitive process, which could inspire managers in companies of all sizes, faced with high uncertainty about global supplier selection decisions.Originality/valueIntuition has recently been adopted in the global sourcing literature. However, this study is the first to offer detailed insights into a predominantly intuitive global sourcing process, specifically as it is managed by SMEs.

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Piegzik, Wioletta A. "Intuicja jako zdolność mentalna i metoda badawcza językoznawcy". Linguodidactica 26 (2022): 181–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/lingdid.2022.26.12.

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The main purpose of this article is to discuss intuition as a mental capacity of every language user and as a research method used by the linguist that can bring deeper insights into the nature of language. The linguist-language researcher has a privileged position: on the one hand, he/she is a user of language and has the ability to use it in practice; on the other hand, he/she has in-depth explicit knowledge of language and methodological compe tence to support its analysis. The paper points out that language is a complex psychological reality residing in the structures of the mind, which is often extra-logical and relies more on intuitive than logical processing. Inductive reasoning and collocational analysis are given as examples of intuitive processing. Postulating the role of intuition in the study of language, the author draws on the intuitionism of Henri Bergson and cites arguments taken from the works of the French scholar and Nobel Prize winner.

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Anderson, Rosemarie. "Intuitive inquiry: Inviting transformation and breakthrough insights in qualitative research." Qualitative Psychology 6, n.º 3 (outubro de 2019): 312–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/qup0000144.

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Zollo, Lamberto, Sukki Yoon, Riccardo Rialti e Cristiano Ciappei. "Ethical consumption and consumers’ decision making: the role of moral intuition". Management Decision 56, n.º 3 (12 de março de 2018): 692–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-10-2016-0745.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the understudied antecedents of moral reasoning and cognitive processes that ultimately shape the ethical consumption. The theory of planned behavior (TPB) and the socio-intuitionist model are integrated. Holistic, inferential, and affective dimensions of intuition are identified as critical antecedents of environmental concerns that then influence the ethical consumption. Design/methodology/approach Structural equation modeling is used to analyze intuitive judgments and ethical concerns in 256 US undergraduates. The New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) is used to measure ethical concerns and the ecologically conscious consumer behavior (ECCB) instrument is used to measure ethical consumption. Findings The results indicate that inferential intuition, but not affective intuition, significantly predicts the ethical concerns (NEP), which in turn significantly influence all five dimensions of ethical consumption behavior (ECCB). Practical implications Managers and marketing strategists should focus on non-rational influences such as moral intuition to effectively promote ethical and responsible consumption. Originality/value The TPB and the intuitionist theory are integrated to reveal empirically how intuitive judgments may affect consumer attitudes and to provide new insights regarding the ethical consumption.

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Trottier, Kim. "Leading under pressure: evaluating the decision-making style of NHL coaches". Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal 7, n.º 1 (13 de março de 2017): 97–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sbm-11-2014-0046.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to establish the optimal decision-making style in a fast-paced, complex, and dynamic environment. Design/methodology/approach Three decision-making attributes are explored: the use of intuition vs analysis, the proclivity to heuristics, and susceptibility to bias. The intuition/analysis is tested with a questionnaire that has been validated in prior research, while information on the two other dimensions is from an exploratory survey designed for this purpose. Responses to the survey questions provide some insight into the differential decision-making style of elite NHL hockey coaches’ vis-à-vis amateur coaches and news reporters. Findings The data suggest elite decision makers have no preference for intuitive or analytical settings, but exhibit a significantly higher perception of their ability to perform in both. While current literature shows sports athletes to be more intuitive, it appears coaches excel on the analytical dimension instead. This study finds that while elite hockey coaches have fewer biases overall, they tend in particular to be overly optimistic in comparison to amateur coaches and news reporters. Research limitations/implications The main limitation in this paper is that the survey on heuristics and biases is exploratory, making these results less robust than the findings on intuition and analysis. Originality/value This paper is first to extend the decision-making literature to coaches, and among few papers that obtain insights from NHL coaches directly. The findings are likely to extend to corporate leadership as well, increasing the relevance of the results.

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Morris, Michael, e Malia Mason. "Intentionality in Intuitive Versus Analytic Processing: Insights From Social Cognitive Neuroscience". Psychological Inquiry 20, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2009): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10478400902794548.

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Faulconbridge, Pete. "A New Approach to the Paradox of Fiction". Stance: an international undergraduate philosophy journal 4, n.º 1 (12 de setembro de 2011): 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/s.4.1.91-101.

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It seems that an intuitive characterization of our emotional engagement with fiction contains a paradox, which has been labelled the ‘Paradox of Fiction’. Using insights into the nature of mental contentgained from the disjunctive theory of perception I propose a novel solution to the Paradox, explained and motivated by reference to Kendall Walton’s influential account of fictionality. Using this insight I suggest that we can take the phenomenology of fictional engagement seriously in a way not allowed by Walton.

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Kronman, Linda. "Intuition Machines". A Peer-Reviewed Journal About 9, n.º 1 (4 de agosto de 2020): 54–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/aprja.v9i1.121489.

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The urgency of environmental, security, economic and political crises in the early twenty-first century has propelled the use of machine vision to aid human decision-making. These developments have led to strategies in which functions of human intuitive processing have been externalized to ‘vision machines’ in the hope of optimized and objective insights. I argue that we should approach these replacements of human nonconscious functions as ‘intuition machines.’ I apply this approach through a close reading of artworks which expose the hid- den labour required to train a machine. These artworks demonstrate how human agency shapes the ways that machines perceive the world and reveal how values and biases are hardcoded into nonconscious cognitive machine vision systems. Thus, my analysis suggests that decisions made by such systems cannot be considered fundamentally objective or true. Nevertheless, artworks also exemplify how externalized intuitive processing can still be helpful as long as we refrain from blindly taking the results as a go-signal to take immediate action.

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Stavy, Ruth, e Reuven Babai. "Overcoming intuitive interference in mathematics: insights from behavioral, brain imaging and intervention studies". ZDM 42, n.º 6 (28 de abril de 2010): 621–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11858-010-0251-z.

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Chen, Li, e Chengyu Wu. "Open-loop policies in Bayesian dynamic pricing: Some counter-intuitive observations and insights". Operations Research Letters 47, n.º 5 (setembro de 2019): 331–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orl.2019.05.003.

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Allaire-Duquette, Geneviève, Reuven Babai e Ruth Stavy. "Interventions aimed at overcoming intuitive interference: insights from brain-imaging and behavioral studies". Cognitive Processing 20, n.º 1 (15 de novembro de 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10339-018-0893-2.

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Menn, Marie Le, Cyril Bossard, Bruno Travassos, Ricardo Duarte e Gilles Kermarrec. "Handball Goalkeeper Intuitive Decision-Making: A Naturalistic Case Study". Journal of Human Kinetics 70, n.º 1 (30 de novembro de 2019): 297–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2019-0042.

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Abstract Goalkeepers hold a key position for success in team sports competitions. They perform in dynamical contexts and are highly submitted to time pressure. The purpose of this naturalistic case study, therefore, was to explore how a handball expert goalkeeper deals with the uncertainty of the competition settings to make successful decisions. An individual self-confrontation interview was held with a goalkeeper while he watched duels with potential throwers in an official competition. A mixed method was used combining the first-person and third-person point of view. Verbal data were supplemented by observational data (distance measures between the goalkeeper and the potential thrower) in 83 short accounts of decision-making situations. Qualitative analysis resulted in 419 units of salient features, in three types of processes related to the Recognition-Primed Decision model, and in four micro-decisions. Non-parametrical statistical analysis indicated that there was a significant effect of distances between the potential thrower and the goalkeeper, on the micro-decision categories, but not on the recognition processes. These results provide insights into cognitive contents and processes an expert goalkeeper can use under uncertainty and time pressure. The mixed method furnishes a meaningful description and a subsequent understanding of expert performances in sport.

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Schotanus, Patrick. "Price discovery by the market's mind: an investor's perspective on numerical archetypes". International Journal of Jungian Studies 5, n.º 2 (1 de junho de 2013): 140–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19409052.2012.679745.

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The aim of this paper is to contribute to Jung's later work, with a particular focus on the numerical archetypes viewed from an investor's perspective. It attempts to achieve this via a three-pronged approach. First, placing complex psychology in the framework of complexity theory allows a robust acknowledgement and treatment of ‘elusive’ macroscopic properties, i.e. archetypal dynamics, involved in the ordering of a mind as a complex adaptive system. Second, modern insights in number sense (the direct intuition of what numbers mean) provide neuroscientific support for numerical archetypes and clarify their primacy. Third, this paper points to the empirical relevance of numerical archetypes in price discovery, the self-organizing principle of the capital markets (which allocate resources in modern society). The resulting proposition is that the (collective) mind's unconscious and conscious forces can be considered as ‘intelligent’ agents. The competition between these two domains provides the necessary condition to endogenously generate innovative outcomes, the essential capability of complex adaptive systems. According to this view producing such adaptive novelty is achieved in the form of intuitive insights and imagination, which result in a vast array of symbols, e.g. prices in the case of the market's mind.

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Muraru, Sebastian, e Mariana Ionita. "Towards Performant Design of Carbon-Based Nanomotors for Hydrogen Separation through Molecular Dynamics Simulations". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, n.º 24 (16 de dezembro de 2020): 9588. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21249588.

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Clean energy technologies represent a hot topic for research communities worldwide. Hydrogen fuel, a prized alternative to fossil fuels, displays weaknesses such as the poisoning by impurities of the precious metal catalyst which controls the reaction involved in its production. Thus, separating H2 out of the other gases, meaning CH4, CO, CO2, N2, and H2O is essential. We present a rotating partially double-walled carbon nanotube membrane design for hydrogen separation and evaluate its performance using molecular dynamics simulations by imposing three discrete angular velocities. We provide a nano-perspective of the gas behaviors inside the membrane and extract key insights from the filtration process, pore placement, flux, and permeance of the membrane. We display a very high selectivity case (ω = 180° ps−1) and show that the outcome of Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations can be both intuitive and counter-intuitive when increasing the ω parameter (ω = 270° ps−1; ω = 360° ps−1). Thus, in the highly selective, ω = 180° ps−1, only H2 molecules and 1–2 H2O molecules pass into the filtrate area. In the ω = 270° ps−1, H2, CO, CH4, N2, and H2O molecules were observed to pass, while, perhaps counter-intuitively, in the third case, with the highest imposed angular velocity of 360° ps−1 only CH4 and H2 molecules were able to pass through the pores leading to the filtrate area.

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Cohen, Donald. "Estimating the Volumes of Solid Figures with Curved Surfaces". Mathematics Teacher 84, n.º 5 (maio de 1991): 392–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.84.5.0392.

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The problem of finding the volumes of solid figures can be used by calculus teachers to instill in their students the very useful habit of checking the plausibility of their answers against previously made intuitive estimates. Furthermore, the process used by students to arrive at their estimated answers might help them to develop the necessary insights for exact mathematical solutions.

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Kolbe, Linn Marie, Bart Bossink e Ard-Pieter de Man. "Contingent use of rational, intuitive and political decision-making in R&D". Management Decision 58, n.º 6 (22 de abril de 2019): 997–1020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-02-2019-0261.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to gain insight into the contingent use of rational, intuitive and political decision-making in R&D. Design/methodology/approach This research is based on a study in an R&D department of a multinational high-tech firm in the Netherlands. The study consists of a case study design, focusing on four embedded cases, longitudinally studying each case. Findings The literature distinguishes three dimensions of innovation decision-making processes: rational, intuitive and political. By studying these interwoven dimensions over time, this study finds that the dominant use of each of these dimensions differs across the innovation process. There is an emphasis on intuitive decision-making in an early phase, followed by more emphasis on political decision-making, and moving to more emphasis on rational decision-making in a later phase of the R&D process. Furthermore, the predominant choice in a specific innovation phase for one of the three decision-making dimensions is influenced by the decision-making dimension that is dominantly employed in the preceding phase. Research limitations/implications This study contributes to the innovation decision-making literature by developing and applying a model that distinguishes rational, intuitive and political decision-making dimensions, the interactions among these dimensions in innovation decision-making in R&D, and the contingency of these dimensions upon the innovation phase. It calls for further research into the contingent nature of innovation decision-making processes. Practical implications For practitioners this study has two relevant insights. First it highlights the importance and usefulness of intuitive and political decision-making in addition to the prevailing emphasis on rational decision-making. Second, practitioners may be more alert to consciously changing their dominant decision-making approach across the phases of the innovation process. Third, companies may adjust their human resource policies to this study’s findings. Originality/value The literature on rational, intuitive and political decision-making is quite extensive. However, research has hardly studied how these decision-making dimensions develop in conjunction, and over time. This paper reports on a first study to do so and finds that the dominant use of these dimensions is contingent upon the phase of the R&D process and on the decision-making dimensions used in earlier phases. The study suggests that using a contingency approach can help to further integrate the debate in research and practice.

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Zeki, S., O. R. Goodenough, Oliver R. Goodenough e Kristin Prehn. "A neuroscientific approach to normative judgment in law and justice". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 359, n.º 1451 (29 de novembro de 2004): 1709–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2004.1552.

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Developments in cognitive neuroscience are providing new insights into the nature of normative judgment. Traditional views in such disciplines as philosophy, religion, law, psychology and economics have differed over the role and usefulness of intuition and emotion in judging blameworthiness. Cognitive psychology and neurobiology provide new tools and methods for studying questions of normative judgment. Recently, a consensus view has emerged, which recognizes important roles for emotion and intuition and which suggests that normative judgment is a distributed process in the brain. Testing this approach through lesion and scanning studies has linked a set of brain regions to such judgment, including the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex and posterior superior temporal sulcus. Better models of emotion and intuition will help provide further clarification of the processes involved. The study of law and justice is less well developed. We advance a model of law in the brain which suggests that law can recruit a wider variety of sources of information and paths of processing than do the intuitive moral responses that have been studied so far. We propose specific hypotheses and lines of further research that could help test this approach.

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Raman, Manya, e Keith Weber. "Key Ideas and Insights in the Context of Three High School Geometry Proofs". Mathematics Teacher 99, n.º 9 (maio de 2006): 644–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.99.9.0644.

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According to the NCTM Standards (2000), conjecturing and proving should be central activities throughout students' mathematical education. However, the question of how we can help students generate proofs, especially the formal proofs expected at the high school level, is still a difficult one. In this article, we argue that one cause of students' troubles with proof is that they are not accustomed to making the important, but difficult, connections between their intuitive sensemaking and the formal proofs they are supposed to produce. Thus as teachers, we should provide opportunities for students to make these connections.

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van Manen, Max. "Serendipitous Insights and Kairos Playfulness". Qualitative Inquiry 24, n.º 9 (14 de junho de 2018): 672–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077800418778714.

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Phenomenology, peekaboo, and play are notions that may not tempt the reader to take a paper very seriously. Phenomenology is a philosophical form of qualitative research that is guided more often by the fortuitous serendipity of contemplative insights than by the rationality of reproducible social science procedures. Peekaboo is an infant game of the eyes that hardly seems worth addressing in a self-respectful research journal, and the topic of play is equally suspect to scientists for whom the cheerful idleness of play is the opposite of the seriousness and purposiveness of work or labor. However, here I will propose that (a) peekaboo may give us inceptual insights into the phenomenon of eye contact; (b) idle play is not just a counter concept of seriousness and work, but a phenomenon in its own right; (3) phenomenology is a serendipitous form of research that is philosophic and may give us compelling insights into the lived meanings of quotidian experiences in our lives, and (d) the mythological figure of Kairos speaks to the enigma of our humanness and provides an understanding of time as the discontinuous instant of the now and of the phenomenological method as intuitive grasping of meaning. Phenomenological writing is rarely easy and yet it can be highly satisfying in its results. I aim to show that meaningful insights are gained through a patient and attentively alert surrender to Kairos time and serendipitous moments.

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Lund, Mark W. "Through A Cracked Lens: Alternate Views Of Light Microscopy. Part I: Why Does My Microscope Have A Pupil?" Microscopy Today 3, n.º 7 (setembro de 1995): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500062751.

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Let's face it, optics is a fascinating field, but it can bore you to death. My purpose in writing these articles is to show that there are simple, intuitive ways to look at microscopes that can illuminate rather than bore. I have been an optical engineer for many years and have observed many unique ways of looking at optical instruments. I hope that I can share my enthusiasm and insight for light and its manipulation and give some insights that microscopisis may have missed. The microscope is particularly interesting because the glass lenses often do more than one job at the same time. Most of the principles of optical microscopy are directly transferable to electron microscopy, and I will point out specific cases as I go along.

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Medic, Ivana. "Applied musicology: A “manifesto”, and a case study of a lost cultural hub". Muzikologija, n.º 33 (2022): 87–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/muz2233087m.

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In this article I present a ?manifesto? of the new discipline of applied musicology, which is closely related to the project Applied Musicology and Ethnomusicology in Serbia: Making a Difference in Contemporary Society (APPMES), supported by the Serbian Science Fund. Here I wish to outline some of the main aims and goals of this project and offer a broader insight into what applied musicology should strive to become. In the second part of the article, I present a case study of the Belgrade neighbourhood of Savamala where I conducted fieldwork before formulating the concept of applied musicology; nevertheless, this research is completely aligned with the aims and purposes of the new discipline, and it has helped me to turn my intuitive insights into a comprehensive theoretical concept.

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Plaut, Fred. "What case reports omit: the sense of smell as a root of intuitive interpretations". International Journal of Jungian Studies 1, n.º 2 (1 de setembro de 2009): 144–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19409050903112755.

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In this article, I explore the importance of smell in defining the interplay of context with the analyst's activity of working up a case study following sessions with a patient. Audio and visual sense reports are more easily measurable and so they have taken precedence but the immediate and unconscious combination of smell with intuition underscores my contention that there are no ‘spontaneous’ insights – the build up of sensual clues plays into the analyst's and the patient's memories to portray a more valid and complete (albeit subjective) reporting of the ‘dynamic unconscious’ – in fact, analytic theory comes after the sensual clues are in place.

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Israilov, Sardor, Li Fu, Jesús Sánchez-Rodríguez, Franco Fusco, Guillaume Allibert, Christophe Raufaste e Médéric Argentina. "Reinforcement learning approach to control an inverted pendulum: A general framework for educational purposes". PLOS ONE 18, n.º 2 (13 de fevereiro de 2023): e0280071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280071.

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Machine learning is often cited as a new paradigm in control theory, but is also often viewed as empirical and less intuitive for students than classical model-based methods. This is particularly the case for reinforcement learning, an approach that does not require any mathematical model to drive a system inside an unknown environment. This lack of intuition can be an obstacle to design experiments and implement this approach. Reversely there is a need to gain experience and intuition from experiments. In this article, we propose a general framework to reproduce successful experiments and simulations based on the inverted pendulum, a classic problem often used as a benchmark to evaluate control strategies. Two algorithms (basic Q-Learning and Deep Q-Networks (DQN)) are introduced, both in experiments and in simulation with a virtual environment, to give a comprehensive understanding of the approach and discuss its implementation on real systems. In experiments, we show that learning over a few hours is enough to control the pendulum with high accuracy. Simulations provide insights about the effect of each physical parameter and tests the feasibility and robustness of the approach.

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Åstebro, Thomas, Holger Herz, Ramana Nanda e Roberto A. Weber. "Seeking the Roots of Entrepreneurship: Insights from Behavioral Economics". Journal of Economic Perspectives 28, n.º 3 (1 de agosto de 2014): 49–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.28.3.49.

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There is a growing body of evidence that many entrepreneurs seem to enter and persist in entrepreneurship despite earning low risk-adjusted returns. This has lead to attempts to provide explanations—using both standard economic theory and behavioral economics— for why certain individuals may be attracted to such an apparently unprofitable activity. Drawing on research in behavioral economics, in the sections that follow, we review three sets of possible interpretations for understanding the empirical facts related to the entry into, and persistence in, entrepreneurship. Differences in risk aversion provide a plausible and intuitive interpretation of entrepreneurial activity. In addition, a growing literature has begun to highlight the potential importance of overconfidence in driving entrepreneurial outcomes. Such a mechanism may appear at face value to work like a lower level of risk aversion, but there are clear conceptual differences—in particular, overconfidence likely arises from behavioral biases and misperceptions of probability distributions. Finally, nonpecuniary taste-based factors may be important in motivating both the decisions to enter into and to persist in entrepreneurship.

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Fürst, Andreas, e Matthias Staritz. "Creating Superior Value in the Eyes of the Customer: An Analysis of the Two Generic Value Drivers and Value Paths". Marketing ZFP 44, n.º 3 (2022): 3–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15358/0344-1369-2022-3-3.

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Despite the considerable body of work on customer value, the literature remains highly fragmented and thus surprisingly silent on two elementary questions: (1) whether a firm should focus more strongly on the product core (a product’s basic elements) or the product surrounding (a product’s additional elements) and (2) whether a firm should focus on the cognitive path (a product’s actual value) or the intuitive path (the signaling of efforts to create a product of high value). Given the large investments required for customer value creation and firms’ increased need for cost control, the answers to these questions are especially important, as they would help managers avoid misallocation of human and financial resources and would offer valuable insights into how communication and sales activities can best support a customer value strategy. On the basis of an integrative framework and a dyadic dataset, this paper finds that the answers to these questions depend significantly on the specific product context (the type of product, extent of product commoditization, and product involvement). For example, services firms may concentrate more strongly on the product core and should particularly focus on the intuitive path. By contrast, manufacturing firms should rely more heavily on the product surrounding and may focus almost equally on the cognitive path and the intuitive path.

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Markauskaite, Lina, e Peter Goodyear. "Tapping into the mental resources of teachers' working knowledge: Insights into the generative power of intuitive pedagogy". Learning, Culture and Social Interaction 3, n.º 4 (dezembro de 2014): 237–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lcsi.2014.01.001.

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Mallon, Colleen Mary. "Tradition and Continuity: Rethinking the Practice of Christian Remembering". Horizons 36, n.º 1 (2009): 50–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0360966900005971.

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ABSTRACTA significant point of contention in contemporary construals of continuity and discontinuity centers on the veiled logics of power/interest at work in human constructions of knowledge. In this paper I explore how the insights of anthropologist Mary Douglas might contribute towards a rethinking of memory and tradition within the ecclesial community. I argue that Douglas' perspective on the covert processes that create the social goods of both community and knowledge offer an important heuristic guide towards a more transparent analysis of tradition and how it functions in a globalized world. If continuity is both a claim and a practice that peoples make from shared histories for shared futures, the ecclesial claim and practice of continuity must enact a gospel reflexivity that is both critical and counter-intuitive in its hermeneutical retrieval of the memoria Christi. I conclude this paper with a detailed exploration of two dimensions such a critical, counter-intuitive hermeneutic might include.

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Clooney, Francis X. "Learning from a Medieval Hindu Theologian’s Manual of Daily Worship: A Counter-Intuitive Relevance". International Journal of Asian Christianity 2, n.º 1 (29 de março de 2019): 48–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25424246-00201004.

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The Manual of Daily Worship (Nityagrantham) of Rāmānuja (1017–1137) is a work of applied, liturgical theology, in a major Hindu tradition. It describes the daily worship of an advanced devotee, melding together purifications, ritual offerings, recitation of mantras, meditations, and acts of surrender to God. As such, it richly fills out the spiritual and intellectual profile of Rāmānuja as an exemplar of integral spiritual, intellectual, and practical religion. This essay argues that he thus has much to offer to our reflection on religions and religions across Asia, and more particularly, offers fruitful insights and challenges regarding how to understand, study, and practice religion even now. The author is an American Roman Catholic priest and a Jesuit, who himself has learned deeply from Hinduism and from Rāmānuja’s tradition over the decades.

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Cargill, D. Christine, Karen S. Renzaglia, Juan Carlos Villarreal e R. Joel Duff. "Generic concepts within hornworts: historical review, contemporary insights and future directions". Australian Systematic Botany 18, n.º 1 (2005): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb04012.

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Although the hornworts (anthocerotes) are a relatively small assemblage of approximately 150 species, generic boundaries and relationships within the group are controversial. The four prevailing classification schemes are based mainly on morphology and show little congruency. Here we set the foundation for contemporary phylogenetic and taxonomic studies by presenting an historical overview of generic concepts within the anthocerotes. An overview of recent morphological and molecular studies that concentrate on hornworts points to intuitive, novel relationships and a degree of diversity hitherto unknown in the group. Phylogenetically informative characters at the morphological level are identified, with emphasis on newly acquired ultrastructural data. A recent molecular analysis based on rbcL sequences is presented and the levels of suitability of several molecular markers to answer phylogenetic questions within the group are explored. On-going intensive studies that sample a wider range of species and utilise multiple genes and comprehensive morphological data are likely to revolutionise interpretations of the taxonomic relationships and character evolution within hornworts.

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Zhao, Jintao, Tao Ma, Bingbing Chang e Jianguo Fang. "Recent Progress on NIR Fluorescent Probes for Enzymes". Molecules 27, n.º 18 (12 de setembro de 2022): 5922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27185922.

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The majority of diseases’ biomarkers are enzymes, and the regulation of enzymes is fundamental but crucial. Biological system disorders and diseases can result from abnormal enzymatic activity. Given the biological significance of enzymes, researchers have devised a plethora of tools to map the activity of particular enzymes in order to gain insight regarding their function and distribution. Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging studies on enzymes may help to better understand their roles in living systems due to their natural imaging advantages. We review the NIR fluorescent probe design strategies that have been attempted by researchers to develop NIR fluorescent sensors of enzymes, and these works have provided deep and intuitive insights into the study of enzymes in biological systems. The recent enzyme-activated NIR fluorescent probes and their applications in imaging are summarized, and the prospects and challenges of developing enzyme-activated NIR fluorescent probes are discussed.

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Barrett, Justin L. "Theological Correctness: Cognitive Constraint and the Study of Religion". Method & Theory in the Study of Religion 11, n.º 4 (1999): 325–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006899x00078.

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AbstractIn both natural and religious thinking, people have ntultiple versions of the same concepts that may be contradictory. In the domain of religious concepts, these ntultiple levels of representation in single individuals may be termed "Theological Correctness." Versions of religioiis concepts range front fairly simple or concrete to very complex and abstract. Selection of the, concept to be used in any given context is largely dependent on the cognitive processing demands of the task. In tasks in which there is great derrtand to draw quick and rich inferences, a basic concept comprised largely of intuitive knowledge, is used. In tasks in which there is less demand, as when one is slowly and carefully riflecting on one's knowledge, more complicated, intuition violating theoretical concepts may be drawn upon. In the domain of religious concepts these concepts closely match traditional theology and so may be termed theological concepts. Implications for data gathering and theorizing in the study of religion are discussed. Finally, these observations suggest the. importance of insights from cognitive sciertce, for the study of religion.

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Tan, Brent, S. Peng Oh e Max Gronke. "Radiative mixing layers: insights from turbulent combustion". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 502, n.º 3 (11 de janeiro de 2021): 3179–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab053.

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ABSTRACT Radiative mixing layers arise wherever multiphase gas, shear, and radiative cooling are present. Simulations show that in steady state, thermal advection from the hot phase balances radiative cooling. However, many features are puzzling. For instance, hot gas entrainment appears to be numerically converged despite the scale-free, fractal structure of such fronts being unresolved. Additionally, the hot gas heat flux has a characteristic velocity vin ≈ cs, cold(tcool/tsc, cold)−1/4 whose strength and scaling are not intuitive. We revisit these issues in 1D and 3D hydrodynamic simulations. We find that over-cooling only happens if numerical diffusion dominates thermal transport; convergence is still possible even when the Field length is unresolved. A deeper physical understanding of radiative fronts can be obtained by exploiting parallels between mixing layers and turbulent combustion, which has well-developed theory and abundant experimental data. A key parameter is the Damköhler number Da = τturb/tcool, the ratio of the outer eddy turnover time to the cooling time. Once Da > 1, the front fragments into a multiphase medium. Just as for scalar mixing, the eddy turnover time sets the mixing rate, independent of small scale diffusion. For this reason, thermal conduction often has limited impact. We show that vin and the effective emissivity can be understood in detail by adapting combustion theory scalings. Mean density and temperature profiles can also be reproduced remarkably well by mixing length theory. These results have implications for the structure and survival of cold gas in many settings, and resolution requirements for large scale galaxy simulations.

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Qi, Peng, Xianbo Shi, Nazanin Samadi e Dean Chapman. "Bent Laue crystal anatomy: new insights into focusing and energy-dispersion properties". Journal of Applied Crystallography 54, n.º 2 (14 de fevereiro de 2021): 409–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576720016428.

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X-ray Laue-type monochromators are common and essential optical components at many high-power X-ray facilities, e.g. synchrotron facilities. The X-ray optics of bent Laue crystals is a well developed area. An incident X-ray beam penetrating a bent Laue crystal will result in a diffracted beam with different angles and energies. There is a need for a way of organizing the rays that allows one to sort out the energy and spatial properties of the diffracted beam. The present work introduces a new approach for describing the general behaviour of bent Laue crystals from a ray-tracing point of view. This quasi-monochromatic beam approach provides an intuitive view of bent-crystal diffraction and leads to deeper understanding. It explains the energy and spatial properties of common and special cases of bent Laue optics, predicts phenomena that can improve energy-dispersion-related X-ray imaging techniques and provides a theoretical framework that makes ray-tracing simulation easier to realize.

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Nayar, Vibhu, e A. J. James. "Policy Insights on User Charges from a Rural Water Supply Project: A Counter-intuitive View from South India". International Journal of Water Resources Development 26, n.º 3 (23 de julho de 2010): 403–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2010.491973.

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Chumicheva, N. V. "Homo creators: deconstruction of the diverging way of thinking". Scientific bulletin of the Southern Institute of Management, n.º 1 (27 de abril de 2019): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31775/2305-3100-2019-1-121-129.

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The problem with generating advertising ideas, metaphors, narrative strands for video commercials, podcasts, and nontrivial script languages are on the copywriter’s agenda almost every day. The mass-produced creative approach is quite difficult, as far as “the Muse is mute” being an unachievable goal. The proposed article attempts to analyze the stages of creative impulse from the point of view of the psychological structure of associative thinking intuitive notion impulsive insights, and its correlation with the structure of consciousness.The article analyzes the convergent, and divergent pathways of the neural ensembles of the brain at all modeled spontaneous, or planned stages of the Muse’s first indications (‘AHA! ‘moment or sudden creative insight). The structure of non-trivial advertising images and original ideas in catching psycho-triggers; principles of brain’s working performance in an inspired moment; the whole creative process in challenging situations – the author tries to answer these and other question, to draw some conclusions against the present neuropsychological background.

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Pai, Amruta, e Ashutosh Sabharwal. "Food Habits: Insights from Food Diaries via Computational Recurrence Measures". Sensors 22, n.º 7 (2 de abril de 2022): 2753. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22072753.

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Humans are creatures of habit, and hence one would expect habitual components in our diet. However, there is scant research characterizing habitual behavior in food consumption quantitatively. Longitudinal food diaries contributed by app users are a promising resource to study habitual behavior in food selection. We developed computational measures that leverage recurrence in food choices to describe the habitual component. The relative frequency and span of individual food choices are computed and used to identify recurrent choices. We proposed metrics to quantify the recurrence at both food-item and meal levels. We obtained the following insights by employing our measures on a public dataset of food diaries from MyFitnessPal users. Food-item recurrence is higher than meal recurrence. While food-item recurrence increases with the average number of food-items chosen per meal, meal recurrence decreases. Recurrence is the strongest at breakfast, weakest at dinner, and higher on weekdays than on weekends. Individuals with relatively high recurrence on weekdays also have relatively high recurrence on weekends. Our quantitatively observed trends are intuitive and aligned with common notions surrounding habitual food consumption. As a potential impact of the research, profiling habitual behaviors using the proposed recurrent consumption measures may reveal unique opportunities for accessible and sustainable dietary interventions.

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Nagpal, Sunil, Rashmi Singh, Deepak Yadav e Sharmila S. Mande. "MetagenoNets: comprehensive inference and meta-insights for microbial correlation networks". Nucleic Acids Research 48, W1 (27 de abril de 2020): W572—W579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkaa254.

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Abstract Microbial association networks are frequently used for understanding and comparing community dynamics from microbiome datasets. Inferring microbial correlations for such networks and obtaining meaningful biological insights, however, requires a lengthy data management workflow, choice of appropriate methods, statistical computations, followed by a different pipeline for suitably visualizing, reporting and comparing the associations. The complexity is further increased with the added dimension of multi-group ‘meta-data’ and ‘inter-omic’ functional profiles that are often associated with microbiome studies. This not only necessitates the need for categorical networks, but also integrated and bi-partite networks. Multiple options of network inference algorithms further add to the efforts required for performing correlation-based microbiome interaction studies. We present MetagenoNets, a web-based application, which accepts multi-environment microbial abundance as well as functional profiles, intelligently segregates ‘continuous and categorical’ meta-data and allows inference as well as visualization of categorical, integrated (inter-omic) and bi-partite networks. Modular structure of MetagenoNets ensures logical flow of analysis (inference, integration, exploration and comparison) in an intuitive and interactive personalized dashboard driven framework. Dynamic choice of filtration, normalization, data transformation and correlation algorithms ensures, that end-users get a one-stop solution for microbial network analysis. MetagenoNets is freely available at https://web.rniapps.net/metagenonets.

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Rakow, Tim. "Risk, uncertainty and prophet: The psychological insights of Frank H. Knight". Judgment and Decision Making 5, n.º 6 (outubro de 2010): 458–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1930297500001303.

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AbstractEconomist Frank H. Knight (1885–1972) is commonly credited with defining the distinction between decisions under “risk” (known chance) and decisions under “uncertainty” (unmeasurable probability) in his 1921 book Risk, Uncertainty and Profit. A closer reading of Knight (1921) reveals a host of psychological insights beyond this risk-uncertainty distinction, many of which foreshadow revolutionary advances in psychological decision theory from the latter half of the 20th century. Knight’s description of economic decision making shared much with Simon’s (1955, 1956) notion of bounded rationality, whereby choice behavior is regulated by cognitive and environmental constraints. Knight described features of risky choice that were to become key components of prospect theory (Kahneman & Tversky, 1979): the reference dependent valuation of outcomes, and the non-linear weighting of probabilities. Knight also discussed several biases in human decision making, and pointed to two systems of reasoning: one quick, intuitive but error prone, and a slower, more deliberate, rule-based system. A discussion of Knight’s potential contribution to psychological decision theory emphasises the importance of a historical perspective on theory development, and the potential value of sourcing ideas from other disciplines or from earlier periods of time.

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Arntfield, Michael, e D. J. Williams. "An Unlikely Retirement: The 2017 Las Vegas Massacre as an Exercise in Project-Based Deviant Leisure". Homicide Studies 22, n.º 4 (6 de julho de 2018): 410–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1088767918786765.

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In recent years, homicide scholarship has been the beneficiary of an increasingly interdisciplinary framework that has come to include a leisure science perspective in attempting to explain murder as a pleasure-seeking avocation for offenders. In this article, the authors employ a leisure-based approach to the Las Vegas Massacre as a foundational case study on multiple murder as project-based deviant leisure. Homicidal leisure-based projects, as suggested here, may also amount to intuitive extensions of other higher-risk hobbies known as edgework. A leisure approach to understanding some forms of multiple murder provides valuable new insights while also integrating important tradition.

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Ripoli, Andrea, Sergio Berti, Daniele Della Latta, Emiliano Rocca, Adrian Crucean e Vincenzo Stefano Luisi. "Mathematical modelling of the impact of preoperative hypertrophy on the outcomes of completion of the Fontan circuit". Cardiology in the Young 15, S3 (26 de outubro de 2005): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951105001654.

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The identification of the important relationship between shape and function of ventricular chambers represents a milestone of modern cardiology. Application of the law of Laplace for an ideal sphere furnishes intuitive insights on the progression of heart failure. A dilated heart, by virtue of its large size, must generate greater stress in the myocardial wall to achieve sufficient pressure so as to eject the required amount of blood. The mural hypertrophy represents a compensatory mechanism, guaranteeing a lower stress. When the ratio between the radius of the chamber and the thickness of its wall increases abnormally, the heart fails.

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Mantilla, Luis Felipe. "Mobilizing Religion for Democracy: Explaining Catholic Church Support for Democratization in South America". Politics and Religion 3, n.º 3 (10 de junho de 2010): 553–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755048310000179.

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AbstractThis article explores the conditions under which religious organizations push for democratization by addressing variation in support for democracy among Catholic Church authorities in South America. It argues that this can be best explained by leveraging key concepts used in the study of social movements: cultural frames, mobilizing resources, and political opportunity structures. This approach yields counter-intuitive insights about the role played by the Second Vatican Council, the size of national churches, and the crucial role of political parties. The empirical argument is formulated in terms of necessary and sufficient conditions, and tested using fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis.

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KRÄTZIG, OLIVER, VALERIA FRANZKOWIAK e NATHALIE SICK. "MULTI-LEVEL PERSPECTIVE TO FACILITATE SUSTAINABLE TRANSITIONS — A PATHWAY FOR GERMAN OEMS TOWARDS ELECTRIC VEHICLES". International Journal of Innovation Management 23, n.º 08 (dezembro de 2019): 1940006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919619400061.

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Sustainable transitions within industrial branches are a complex problem since they involve emerging technologies, as well as cultural, market and policy-related changes. Recent studies emphasise the need for analytical approaches that not only do justice to this complexity by reflecting relevant trends and determinants, but also reveal insights that are intuitive enough to be implemented without major effort. Aiming at addressing this trade-off, we pursue a strategic analytical procedure that links external factors from multi-level perspective and internal, company-specific dynamic capabilities. We draw on expert interviews and subsequent qualitative analytical evaluation to obtain insights regarding individual motives, visions and boundary conditions of actors from the German automotive industry. Our contribution is both conceptually and practically important, as it unveils manifestations of significant dynamic capabilities and provides recommendations for change managers and policy makers leading to successful, sustainable transition in the automotive industry.

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Feng, Eric, e Xijin Ge. "DataViz: visualization of high-dimensional data in virtual reality". F1000Research 7 (23 de outubro de 2018): 1687. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.16453.1.

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Virtual reality (VR) simulations promote interactivity and immersion, and provide an opportunity that may help researchers gain insights from complex datasets. To explore the utility and potential of VR in graphically rendering large datasets, we have developed an application for immersive, 3-dimensional (3D) scatter plots. Developed using the Unity development environment, DataViz enables the visualization of high-dimensional data with the HTC Vive, a relatively inexpensive and modern virtual reality headset available to the general public. DataViz has the following features: (1) principal component analysis (PCA) of the dataset; (2) graphical rendering of said dataset’s 3D projection onto its first three principal components; and (3) intuitive controls and instructions for using the application. As a use case, we applied DataViz to visualize a single-cell RNA-Seq dataset. DataViz can help gain insights from complex datasets by enabling interaction with high-dimensional data.

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