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Baker, Elise, A. Lynn Williams, Sharynne McLeod, and Rebecca McCauley. "Elements of Phonological Interventions for Children With Speech Sound Disorders: The Development of a Taxonomy." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 27, no. 3 (August 6, 2018): 906–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2018_ajslp-17-0127.
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Purpose Our aim was to develop a taxonomy of elements comprising phonological interventions for children with speech sound disorders. Method We conducted a content analysis of 15 empirically supported phonological interventions to identify and describe intervention elements. Measures of element concentration, flexibility, and distinctiveness were used to compare and contrast interventions. Results Seventy-two intervention elements were identified using a content analysis of intervention descriptions then arranged to form the Phonological Intervention Taxonomy: a hierarchical framework comprising 4 domains, 15 categories, and 9 subcategories. Across interventions, mean element concentration (number of required or optional elements) was 45, with a range of 27 to 59 elements. Mean flexibility of interventions (percentage of elements considered optional out of all elements included in the intervention) was 44%, with a range of 29% to 62%. Distinctiveness of interventions (percentage of an intervention's rare elements and omitted common elements out of all elements included in the intervention [both optional and required]) ranged from 0% to 30%. Conclusions An understanding of the elements that comprise interventions and a taxonomy that describes their structural relationships can provide insight into similarities and differences between interventions, help in the identification of elements that drive treatment effects, and facilitate faithful implementation or intervention modification. Research is needed to distil active elements and identify strategies that best facilitate replication and implementation.
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Henke, Marina E. "A tale of three French interventions: Intervention entrepreneurs and institutional intervention choices." Journal of Strategic Studies 43, no. 4 (March 11, 2020): 583–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01402390.2020.1733988.
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Greenwell, Kate, Debbie Featherstone, and Derek J. Hoare. "The Application of Intervention Coding Methodology to Describe the Tinnitus E-Programme, an Internet-Delivered Self-Help Intervention for Tinnitus." American Journal of Audiology 24, no. 3 (September 2015): 311–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2015_aja-14-0089.
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Purpose This article describes the Tinnitus E-Programme, a previously untested Internet-delivered self-help intervention for tinnitus. Method Intervention coding methodology was applied to describe the intervention components, techniques, and mode of delivery. Results The intervention consists of 5 self-management intervention components, 5 behavior change techniques, and 3 modes of Internet delivery, which aim to promote relaxation behavior and reduce tinnitus distress. Conclusions The intervention coding provided a reliable method for reporting Internet-delivered self-help interventions. It will be used to facilitate our understanding of the intervention's potential mechanisms of change and will guide future evaluation work.
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DeVries, James T., Christopher J. White, Tyrone J. Collins, J. Stephen Jenkins, John P. Reilly, Mark A. Grise, Paul W. McMullan, Ramy A. Badawi, and Stephen R. Ramee. "Acute stroke intervention by interventional cardiologists." Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions 73, no. 5 (April 1, 2009): 692–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ccd.21927.
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Ibrahim, Sarah, and Souraya Sidani. "Intervention Fidelity in Interventions: An Integrative Literature Review." Research and Theory for Nursing Practice 30, no. 3 (2016): 258–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1541-6577.30.3.258.
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Background: Complex interventions are frequently used in health care by various providers. It is important for researchers and clinicians to monitor and assess intervention fidelity which refers to the degree to which an intervention is implemented as originally planned and intended to draw valid conclusions about whether the intervention produces the intended outcomes. Purpose: The authors undertook a review of the current literature of intervention fidelity, critically appraised the utility of the existing conceptual frameworks for intervention fidelity, and proposed an alternative framework for intervention fidelity and complex interventions. Conclusion: The proposed conceptual framework offers a means for researchers and clinicians to understand how to design and implement intervention with quality and as intended as well as identify potential moderators that may influence the implementation of an intervention. This conceptualization allows researchers and practitioners to be able to reach valid conclusions about the causal effects of the intervention on the outcomes of interest.
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Satryo, Cecillia. "Free Trade Intervention: Political-Economic Intervention on Global Business Environment." Asia Pacific Management and Business Application 007, no. 01 (August 30, 2018): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.apmba.2018.007.01.3.
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Satryo, Cecillia. "Free Trade Intervention: Political-Economic Intervention on Global Business Environment." Asia Pacific Management and Business Application 007, no. 01 (August 30, 2018): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.apmba.2018.007.03.
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Pattison, James. "The Ethics of Humanitarian Intervention in Libya." Ethics & International Affairs 25, no. 3 (2011): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0892679411000256.
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Wars and interventions bring to the fore certain ethical issues. For instance, NATO's intervention in Kosovo in 1999 raised questions about the moral import of UN Security Council authorization (given that the Council did not authorize the action), and the means employed by interveners (given NATO's use of cluster bombs and its targeting of dual-use facilities). In what follows, I consider the moral permissibility of the NATO-led intervention in Libya and suggest that this particular intervention highlights three issues for the ethics of humanitarian intervention in general. The first issue is whether standard accounts of the ethics of humanitarian intervention, which draw heavily on just war theory, can capture the prospect of mission creep. The second issue is whether epistemic difficulties in assessing the intervention's likely long-term success mean that we should reject consequentialist approaches to humanitarian intervention. The third issue concerns selectivity. I outline an often overlooked way that selectivity can be problematic for humanitarian intervention.
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Tomarong, Lhezly C., Cara Frances K. Abendan, Osias Kit T. Kilag, Marivic C. Apas, Virginia P. Undalok, and Jaypee James P. Alcorcon. "The Lindamood-Bell Reading Intervention: A Pathway to Enhanced Reading Skills in Pupils." International Journal of Qualitative Research for Innovation, Sustainability, and Excellence (IJQRISE) 1, no. 1 (April 13, 2024): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10967401.
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Abstract: This study presents a comprehensive investigation into the effectiveness of the Lindamood-Bell Reading Intervention in enhancing reading skills among pupils. Through a systematic literature review and meta-analysis, the study elucidates the intervention's impact on key aspects of reading proficiency, including reading accuracy, decoding skills, comprehension, and long-term academic performance. The findings underscore the intervention's transformative potential in fostering a holistic and enduring enhancement of students' reading abilities. While emphasizing the intervention's overall efficacy, the study also highlights the critical need for further research to explore its applicability and adaptability in diverse educational settings. Addressing potential disparities in access to the intervention and promoting cultural responsiveness are pivotal for ensuring equitable educational opportunities for all students. The study emphasizes the importance of personalized and tailored educational strategies, advocating for a more inclusive approach to reading instruction that accommodates the diverse learning needs of students. Overall, the study's findings contribute to the ongoing discourse on effective educational interventions and underscore the significant role of the Lindamood-Bell Reading Intervention in promoting equitable access to proficient reading skills and fostering a supportive and inclusive learning environment for students of diverse backgrounds and abilities. Keywords: Lindamood-Bell Reading Intervention, reading skills, literacy, educational intervention, systematic literature review, meta-analysis, reading accuracy, decoding skills
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Minary, Laetitia, François Alla, Linda Cambon, Joelle Kivits, and Louise Potvin. "Addressing complexity in population health intervention research: the context/intervention interface." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 72, no. 4 (January 10, 2018): 319–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2017-209921.
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BackgroundPublic health interventions are increasingly being recognised as complex and context dependent. Related to this is the need for a systemic and dynamic conception of interventions that raises the question of delineating the scope and contours of interventions in complex systems. This means identifying which elements belong to the intervention (and therefore participate in its effects and can be transferred), which ones belong to the context and interact with the former to influence results (and therefore must be taken into account when transferring the intervention) and which contextual elements are irrelevant to the intervention.DiscussionThis paper, from which derives criteria based on a network framework, operationalises how the context and intervention systems interact and identify what needs to be replicated as interventions are implemented in different contexts. Representing interventions as networks (composed of human and non-human entities), we introduce the idea that the density of interconnections among the various entities provides a criterion for distinguishing core intervention from intervention context without disconnecting the two systems. This differentiates endogenous and exogenous intervention contexts and the mediators that connect them, which form the fuzzy and constantly changing intervention/context interface.ConclusionWe propose that a network framework representing intervention/context systems constitutes a promising approach for deriving empirical criteria to delineate the scope and contour of what is replicable in an intervention. This approach should allow better identification and description of the entities that have to be transferred to ensure the potential effectiveness of an intervention in a specific context.
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Muñoz, Iván Díaz, and Mark van der Laan. "Population Intervention Causal Effects Based on Stochastic Interventions." Biometrics 68, no. 2 (October 6, 2011): 541–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0420.2011.01685.x.
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Raab, Melinda, and Carl J. Dunst. "Early Intervention Practitioner Approaches to Natural Environment Interventions." Journal of Early Intervention 27, no. 1 (October 2004): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/105381510402700102.
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van Zyl, Llewellyn Ellardus, and Sebastiaan Rothmann. "Towards happiness interventions: construct clarification and intervention methodologies." Journal of Psychology in Africa 24, no. 4 (July 4, 2014): 327–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2014.980621.
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Maura, Aisya, and Harry Susianto. "Guide to Conducting Adaptive Interventions to Increase Intervention Effectiveness." Psikoborneo: Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi 11, no. 4 (December 20, 2023): 530. http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/psikoborneo.v11i4.12758.
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Social intervention is a program designed to address social issues or achieve specific goals within society. Interventions are typically carried out by implementing the same program for all participant groups, known as a single intervention approach. However, this approach does not take into account the variations in participants' responses to the intervention. Consequently, participants may receive interventions that are not suitable for them, hence affecting the effectiveness of the intervention itself. Adaptive intervention is an approach needed to overcome such limitation. In adaptive intervention, the intervention is delivered in sequence and adjusted based on participants' responses to the initial intervention. Interventionist can modify the program through alternative interventions to tailor it to participants' needs. Compared to single intervention, adaptive intervention have the advantage of ensuring that participants only receive intervention that are suitable for their responses. However, adaptive interventions are still not widely implemented in Indonesia. This article aims to provide guidance on designing and evaluating adaptive intervention to enhance the effectiveness of social intervention in achieving desired goals. As an illustration, we use two interventions at each stage of adaptive intervention design.Intervensi sosial merupakan program yang dilakukan untuk menangani permasalahan sosial atau mencapai suatu tujuan tertentu dalam masyarakat. Intervensi umumnya dilakukan dengan memberikan program yang sama pada seluruh kelompok partisipan, atau dikenal dengan intervensi tunggal. Akan tetapi, pendekatan tersebut tidak mempertimbangkan variasi respons partisipan terhadap intervensi. Akibatnya, partisipan dapat menerima intervensi yang tidak sesuai dan pada akhirnya memengaruhi efektivitas intervensi. Intervensi adaptif adalah pendekatan yang dibutuhkan untuk mengatasi limitasi tersebut. Pada intervensi adaptif, intervensi diberikan secara berurutan dan disesuaikan berdasarkan respons partisipan terhadap intervensi awal. Intervensionis dapat memodifikasi program melalui intervensi alternatif untuk menyesuaikannya dengan kebutuhan partisipan. Dibandingkan dengan intervensi tunggal, intervensi adaptif memiliki keunggulan dalam memastikan partisipan hanya menerima intervensi yang sesuai dengan responsnya. Akan tetapi, intervensi adaptif masih belum banyak dilakukan di Indonesia. Artikel ini bertujuan memberi panduan dalam merancang dan mengevaluasi intervensi adaptif agar meningkatkan efektivitas intervensi sosial dalam mencapai tujuan yang diinginkan. Sebagai ilustrasi, kami menggunakan dua intervensi pada setiap tahap perancangan intervensi adaptif.
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Gillanders, Catherine, and Katie Jamieson. "Service Evaluation of the Just Right State (JRS) Programme, Step 3 Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS), Child and Family Clinic, Belfast Trust, Northern Ireland (March-December 2020)." BJPsych Open 8, S1 (June 2022): S134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2022.390.
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AimsCOVID-19 resulted in dramatic shifts in how interventions are provided within mental health services, creating the opportunity to virtually deliver JRS groups to parents of young people attending Belfast CAMHS. This is a sensory attachment intervention that facilitates the process of self-regulation and co-regulation through the use of food, sensory activities and an enriched environment provision. It is currently facilitated by CAMHS clinicians via video calls over 4 consecutive weeks. 1.Evaluate the effectiveness of the virtual JRS intervention2.Measure discharge rates after JRS intervention to examine if attendance at JRS at the point of entry into CAMHS can lead to more timely discharge due to targeted early intervention3.To capture parent and clinician feedback focusing on the challenges and improvements that have occurred due to this adapted delivery of servicesMethodsA systematic database search was conducted examining number of parents who have attended overall; weekly attendance; Did Not Attend rate; length of time between CAMHS initial assessment and JRS intervention; number of families discharged after JRS and number of families allocated to partnership/medic after JRS.CAMHS clinicians (not directly involved in facilitating JRS intervention) gathered qualitative feedback from families (via phone calls with parents who provided consent).Results132 parents were invited between March-December 2020. 41 families have been discharged, 60 families have been allocated to partnership or medic and 31 are awaiting future JRS groups due to non-engagement, or a further review by JRS facilitators or a CAMHS clinician that they are already allocated to.Five parents provided positive qualitative feedback.ConclusionAs JRS has engaged a high number of parents in a relatively short time -period, it would be helpful to further explore its effectiveness as a first line intervention in CAMHS, thereby informing service delivery moving forward.
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Galbraith, Jennifer S., Bonita Stanton, Bradley Boekeloo, Winifred King, Sharon Desmond, Donna Howard, Maureen M. Black, and James W. Carey. "Exploring Implementation and Fidelity of Evidence-Based Behavioral Interventions for HIV Prevention: Lessons Learned From the Focus on Kids Diffusion Case Study." Health Education & Behavior 36, no. 3 (April 29, 2008): 532–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198108315366.
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Evidence-based interventions (EBIs) are used in public health to prevent HIV infection among youth and other groups. EBIs include core elements, features that are thought to be responsible for the efficacy of interventions. The authors evaluate experiences of organizations that adopted an HIV-prevention EBI, Focus on Kids (FOK), and their fidelity to the intervention's eight core elements. A cross-sectional telephone survey was administered to 34 staff members from organizations that had previously implemented FOK. Questions assessed how the organization adhered to, adapted, dropped, or altered the intervention. None of the organizations implemented all eight core elements. This study underscores the importance for HIV intervention researchers to clearly identify and describe core elements. More effort is needed to reflect the constraints practitioners face in nonresearch settings. To ensure intervention effectiveness, additional research and technical assistance are needed to help organizations implement HIV prevention EBIs with fidelity.
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Scardina, Tonya, Shan Sun, Lori Kotsonis-Chiampas, Avani Patel, and Sameer Patel. "1047. Impact of Indication for Antibiotic Orders on Pharmacist Interventions." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.911.
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Abstract Background Joint Commission mandates that prescribers document indication for antibiotics at the time of prescribing. Antibiotic indications may offer opportunities for pharmacists to optimize dosing and frequency or provide alternative therapeutic options. We examined the impact of antibiotic indications during order entry on frequency and type of pharmacist interventions, time to order verification, and time to administration of antibiotics. Methods Number of pharmacist interventions documented in EPIC from 4/28/17 through 4/28/18 (pre-intervention) were compared with interventions from 4/29/18 through 2/28/19 (post-intervention). All pharmacist interventions involving antibiotic orders were included. For antibiotic orders involving a pharmacist intervention, data collected included antibiotic prescribed, indication for antibiotic (post-intervention only) and reason for intervention. For administered antibiotics, data collected included order time, time of arrival of order in pharmacist queue, pharmacist verification time, patient administration time. Statistical analysis involved chi-squared test (compare the reason for intervention) and t-test (compare difference in time). Results There were 790 orders and 638 orders that involved a pharmacist’s interventions, pre-intervention and post-intervention, respectively (Tables 1 and 2). Pre-intervention, there were 200 antibiotic orders that had a documented pharmacist intervention and were administered. Post-intervention, there were 184 orders that had a documented pharmacist intervention and were administered. Abdominal/pelvic (29 orders, 16%), sepsis (19 orders, 10%), and surgical prophylaxis (18 orders, 9.7%) were the most frequent indications selected during order entry. Average time to order verification was 119 minutes pre-intervention and 123 minutes post-intervention (P =0.97). Average time to administration of antibiotics was 313 minutes and 360 minutes pre-intervention and post-intervention, respectively (P =0.45). Conclusion Inclusion of the selection of antibiotic indications during order entry did not significantly impact the number of pharmacist interventions, time to order verification nor time to administration. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Greenwell, Kate, and Derek J. Hoare. "Use and Mediating Effect of Interactive Design Features in Audiology Rehabilitation and Self-Management Internet-Based Interventions." American Journal of Audiology 25, no. 3S (October 2016): 278–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2016_aja-16-0013.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore the presence of key interactive design features across Internet-based audiology rehabilitation and self-management interventions, and whether there is evidence of them mediating effects of the intervention. Method Adult audiology interventions relevant to this review were identified through a literature search in Google Scholar and a hand search of key journals. Four key interactive design features that have been proposed to mediate the effects of Internet-based health interventions were reported for each intervention: social context and support, contacts with the intervention, tailoring, and self-management. Results Five interventions were identified as representative examples of work in the field. Social context and support and contacts with the intervention were provided in most interventions, mainly through clinician guidance. Only 1 intervention utilized tailoring to personalize intervention content to individual users, but use was minimal. Self-management features were also used in all interventions but the precise nature of these features was poorly reported. Conclusion Future studies should assess the optimal dose and combinations of intervention features for maximizing efficacy in audiology intervention. To be specific, the role of tailoring should be explored, which has been identified as a potential mediator of intervention outcome in the wider e-health literature.
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Villegas, Ma Socorro, and Christine Abo. "Interactive Lesson Intervention in Enhancing Students’ Engagement and Learning Outcome Through Self-Pacing Modality." Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal 37, no. 3 (May 11, 2025): 260–70. https://doi.org/10.70838/pemj.370306.
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This study examined the effectiveness of a self-pacing interactive lesson intervention in enhancing student engagement and performance in a tribal community school. Employing a quasi-experimental design, the research evaluated the developed intervention's quality, measured baseline and post-intervention engagement and performance levels, and analyzed the relationship between intervention quality and learning outcomes. The study involved 242 Grade 7 students, with data analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics, including t-tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Results showed that the intervention was rated “Very Satisfactory” in terms of content, instructional value, technical quality, and overall impact. There was a significant improvement in student engagement and performance following the implementation of the intervention. Post-test results and engagement indicators demonstrated notable increases, with statistical analysis confirming a significant difference in learning outcomes before and after the intervention. Additionally, a positive correlation was found between the perceived quality of the intervention and student academic achievement. These findings highlight the effectiveness of culturally responsive, interactive instructional materials in Indigenous education. The study recommends the refinement and integration of similar interventions in the curriculum and encourages the continued development of digital learning strategies to support diverse learners.
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Zhang, Meng, Wei Wang, Mingye Li, Haomin Sheng, and Yifei Zhai. "Efficacy of Mobile Health Applications to Improve Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis for Physically Inactive Individuals." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 8 (April 18, 2022): 4905. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084905.
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Physical inactivity and sedentary behavior (SB) have attracted growing attention globally since they relate to noninfectious chronic diseases (NCDs) and could further result in the loss of life. This systematic literature review aimed to identify existing evidence on the efficacy of mobile health (mHealth) technology in inducing physical activity and reducing sedentary behavior for physically inactive people. Studies were included if they used a smartphone app in an intervention to improve physical activity and/or sedentary behavior for physically inactive individuals. Interventions could be stand-alone interventions or multi-component interventions, including an app as one of several intervention components. A total of nine studies were included, and all were randomized controlled trials. Two studies involved interventions delivered solely via a mobile application (stand-alone intervention) and seven studies involved interventions that used apps and other intervention strategies (multi-component intervention). Methodological quality was assessed, and the overall quality of the studies was ensured. The pooled data favored intervention in improving physical activity and reducing sedentary behavior. This review provided evidence that mobile health intervention improved physical activity and reduced sedentary behavior among inactive individuals. More beneficial effects can be guaranteed when interventions include multiple components. Further studies that maintain the effectiveness of such interventions are required to maximize user engagement and intervention efficacy.
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Isah, Usman, and Syed Mohamad Syed Abdullah. "IMPACT OF CAREER INTERVENTION ON VOCATIONAL PREFERENCE AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS OF NIGERIA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY." International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling 8, no. 51 (September 11, 2023): 65–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijepc.851005.
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This comparative study aimed to assess the impact of career intervention on the vocational preference of secondary school students in the Hadejia Emirate of Jigawa State Nigeria. The research objectives included examining the effects of career intervention on vocational preference before and after the intervention, exploring gender differences in the intervention's impact, and investigating variations in the intervention's effect among students in different academic fields. A quasi-experimental design was employed, involving a pre-test post-test control group approach. Twelve secondary schools were randomly selected from the Hadejia, Kafin Hausa, and Birniwa education zones, with a sample size of 240 students evenly distributed between male and female participants. The research instrument, the Students' Vocational Preference Scale (SVPS), consisted of demographic information and statements related to vocational preference. The SVPS utilized a five-point Likert scale, and its validity and reliability were established through expert review and test-retest procedures. Statistical analysis involved paired-sample t-tests, independent sample t-tests, and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The study's findings indicated a significant difference in the effect of career intervention on vocational preference, suggesting a positive impact on students' vocational preferences. However, the intervention's effect did not significantly differ among students in commercial, arts, and science fields. Career intervention was not Gender sensitive. The study contributes to the understanding of the effectiveness of career interventions for secondary school students in Nigeria, emphasizing the importance of providing guidance and support to facilitate informed career decision-making.
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Bittl, John A. "Dialysis access intervention: Techniques for the interventional cardiologist." Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases 65 (March 2021): 84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2021.02.007.
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Sharma, Rajaram, Hemangini Thakkar, Rinkey Baisoya, and Tapendra Nath Tiwari. "Fetal intervention: Less developed field of interventional radiology." Enormous Journal of Medical Sciences and Current Research 2, no. 2 (August 21, 2022): 01–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.56558/journal.ejmscr.1001036.
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Interventional radiology (IR) has played an essential role in diagnosing and treating various intra natal entities with minimally invasive surgical procedures. IR treatment is the substitute to the many procedures in which once open surgery was needed. IR procedure can be performed under Digital Radiography (x-ray), Ultrasound, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) or Computed Tomography (CT). IR has proved to increase effectiveness as medical imaging technology gives radiologists high visibility, reduces risk as surgery performed are minimally invasive, saves time as there is a short hospital stay, and reduces the pain as procedures are performed with a small incision. Because of quicker recovery time, patients can get back to their daily routine early. Progressive development of prenatal intervention and surgeries was possible due to rapid advances in imaging techniques and prenatal diagnosis over the last few decades. Rapid advanced techniques have become an integral part of managing high-risk pregnancies. In addition to this, the rapidly growing capability of digital optics and miniaturized instrumentation has now allowed fetoscopic procedures to become a reality. With improved imaging techniques, the identification of congenital defects and fetal malformations increases during the antenatal period. Understanding how to treat specific fetal conditions improves outcomes from these treatment modalities. We provide an assessment that begins with a crisp background of fetal surgery, including the history, ethics surrounding fetal surgery, and considerations of dealing with the problems during the fetal intervention.
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Jones, Taryn M., Blake F. Dear, Julia M. Hush, Nickolai Titov, and Catherine M. Dean. "Application of Intervention Mapping to the Development of a Complex Physical Therapist Intervention." Physical Therapy 96, no. 12 (December 1, 2016): 1994–2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20150387.
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Abstract Background Physical therapist interventions, such as those designed to change physical activity behavior, are often complex and multifaceted. In order to facilitate rigorous evaluation and implementation of these complex interventions into clinical practice, the development process must be comprehensive, systematic, and transparent, with a sound theoretical basis. Intervention Mapping is designed to guide an iterative and problem-focused approach to the development of complex interventions. Purpose The purpose of this case report is to demonstrate the application of an Intervention Mapping approach to the development of a complex physical therapist intervention, a remote self-management program aimed at increasing physical activity after acquired brain injury. Case Description Intervention Mapping consists of 6 steps to guide the development of complex interventions: (1) needs assessment; (2) identification of outcomes, performance objectives, and change objectives; (3) selection of theory-based intervention methods and practical applications; (4) organization of methods and applications into an intervention program; (5) creation of an implementation plan; and (6) generation of an evaluation plan. The rationale and detailed description of this process are presented using an example of the development of a novel and complex physical therapist intervention, myMoves—a program designed to help individuals with an acquired brain injury to change their physical activity behavior. Conclusion The Intervention Mapping framework may be useful in the development of complex physical therapist interventions, ensuring the development is comprehensive, systematic, and thorough, with a sound theoretical basis. This process facilitates translation into clinical practice and allows for greater confidence and transparency when the program efficacy is investigated.
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Baer, Paul E., Robert J. McLaughlin, Mary A. Burnside, and Alex D. Pokorny. "Alcohol Use and Psychosocial Outcome of Two Preventive Classroom Programs with Seventh and Tenth Graders." Journal of Drug Education 18, no. 3 (September 1988): 171–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/q77v-486m-b7qu-p4wj.
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Two preventive intervention programs on alcohol and other substance use were devised for classrooms of junior and senior high school students. One program focused on resistance to social influence, and the other on attitude change and decision making. Youngsters undergoing these interventions were compared with controls who had no intervention on both alcohol usage measures and nonusage psychosocial indices at a pre-intervention baseline, at one-year post-intervention for tenth graders, and at two-year post-intervention for seventh graders. No difference in outcome between the two interventions was found for tenth graders, but one-year post-intervention tenth graders who had either of the interventions used less alcohol than controls. Nonusage measures were not affected. Seventh graders showed no usage effects of interventions two years post-intervention, but the nonusage measures suggested more prosocial behavior. Also among seventh graders, those with a high score on peer or parent alcohol use modeling responded better to the social resistance intervention, while those with a low score responded better to the attitudinal intervention.
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Choe, Siyoung, Jaesin Sa, Jean-Philippe Chaput, and Deokjin Kim. "Effectiveness of obesity interventions among South Korean children and adolescents and importance of the type of intervention component: a meta-analysis." Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics 65, no. 2 (February 15, 2022): 98–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3345/cep.2021.00409.
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Background: Various interventions have been tested to prevent or treat childhood obesity in South Korea. However, the overall effect of those interventions is unclear, as very few reviews and meta-analyses were specific to Korean children and adolescents.Purpose: We aimed to examine the overall effect of obesity interventions among Korean children and adolescents, while also examining differences by sex, age group, baseline weight category, intervention duration, number of intervention components, and type of intervention components.Methods: A meta-analysis was conducted for all intervention studies sampling Korean children and adolescents, with at least one control group and one month of follow-up, published between January 2000 and August 2020. Cohen d was calculated as an effect size for treatment effect, using the standardized difference between intervention group’s body mass index (BMI) change and control group’s BMI change.Results: The final sample included 19 intervention studies with 2,140 Korean children (mean age, 12.2 years). Overall, interventions were strongly favored over their controls (d=1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12–2.09). The subgroup analysis showed that interventions with at least one physical activity component (d=2.43; 95% CI, 1.63–3.24) were significantly better than those that did not include physical activity (d=0.02; 95% CI, -0.26 to 0.31).Conclusion: Type of intervention component appeared important, though no differential association was observed by sex, age, baseline weight category, intervention duration, and number of intervention components. Korean and non-Korean interventions may be substantively different. Additional studies are needed to understand why and how Korean interventions differ from non-Korean interventions.
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Sidani, Souraya, Mary Fox, and Maher M. El-Masri. "Guidance for the Reporting of an Intervention's Theory." Research and Theory for Nursing Practice 34, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1541-6577.34.1.35.
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BackgroundInterventions in clinical trials should be clearly and completely described to inform their evaluation in replication studies and implementation in clinical practice. Guidelines were developed to standardize the reporting of interventions, but failed to provide guidance on reporting of the theory of interventions. Further, space constraints imposed by many research journals often limit the comprehensive description of both the theoretical and operational aspects of interventions.PurposeTo address these gaps, we propose that the theory of interventions be published in separate conceptual papers that would provide an in-depth description of the health problem targeted by an intervention, the components comprising an intervention, the causal mechanism responsible for an intervention's impact on the outcomes, and the conditions necessary for the proper implementation and the effectiveness of an intervention.ImplicationsSuch papers would assist in the critical appraisal of the adequacy, implementation, and evaluation of interventions. A description of the theory of interventions clarifies to health professionals what the interventions are about, who is likely to benefit from the interventions, how the interventions work and under what context.
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Blue, Carolyn L., and David R. Black. "Synthesis of Intervention Research to Modify Physical Activity and Dietary Behaviors." Research and Theory for Nursing Practice 19, no. 1 (March 2005): 25–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/rtnp.19.1.25.66333.
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A descriptive literature review was conducted to examine conceptual and methodological issues of interventions aimed at improving both physical activity and diet behaviors according to critical elements established by Sidani and Braden (1998). The method of the review of 30 articles describing 17 intervention studies focused on the following nine elements: (a) relevance of the intervention to the targeted outcome; (b) theoretical components of the intervention; (c) intervention components; (d) complexity, strength, and integrity of the intervention; (e) extraneous factors; (f) adherence to the intervention and retention; (g) reliability and validity of the outcome measures; (h) expected outcomes; and (i) effectiveness of the intervention. The results were that the interventions were relevant and included multiple components, but most interventions lacked an explicit theoretical framework. Adherence to the intervention and retention were problems. Overall, to varying degrees and for those completing the programs, the interventions were effective for increasing physical activity, lowering dietary fat, weight loss, and reducing risk for illness. Twelve “lessons learned” evolved that have practical and research implications. One salient lesson and future priority is to incorporate theory to reveal the intervention content and mechanisms to modify physical activity and dietary behaviors concurrently so that future interventions are more efficacious and efficient. Another lesson revealed the need for more sensitive measures, and examination of ways to improve intervention adherence and retention and prevent relapse.
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Li, Jian, Eryong Xue, and Yunshu He. "Investigating the Effect of Cognitive–Behavioral, Mindful-Based, Emotional-Based Intervention and Professional Training on Teachers’ Job Burnout: A Meta-Analysis." Behavioral Sciences 13, no. 10 (September 27, 2023): 803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs13100803.
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Teachers are more likely to experience occupational burnout; intervention for their job burnout has been paid more and more attention by the academic community. However, there is not enough evidence to support the interventions’ effect. This study adopts the meta-analysis method and makes a statistical analysis of the interventions’ effect on teachers’ job burnout based on 29 papers in the literature of randomized controlled experiments. It mainly presents the basic external characteristics of the research literature; besides, based on the results of software CMA.V3, this paper also analysed the overall intervention effect and the separate effect of four types of intervention, namely, cognitive–behavioral interventions (CBI), mindfulness-based interventions (MBI), professional training (PT), and emotional-based intervention (EBI). The results showed that CBI had the best effect, and mindfulness-based intervention had the second-best effect. Professional training also showed a good intervention effect, while the intervention effect of emotional-based intervention remains to be verified. In addition, it was found that only the effect of cognitive–behavioral intervention (CBI) was significant and had a strong effect (g = 0.876, 95% CI-1.06, 2.814, p < 0.05) when considering their effects on emotional exhaustion, while the other three interventions had no significant effect. The discussion section is provided last.
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Buckingham, Jennifer, Kevin Wheldall, and Robyn Beaman-Wheldall. "Evaluation of a Two-Phase Implementation of a Tier-2 (Small Group) Reading Intervention for Young Low-Progress Readers." Australasian Journal of Special Education 38, no. 2 (October 29, 2014): 169–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jse.2014.13.
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In a response to intervention (RtI) model, reading is taught in increasingly intensive tiers of instruction. The aim of the study was to examine the efficacy of a Tier-2 (small group) literacy intervention for young struggling readers. This article focuses on the second phase of a randomised control trial involving 14 students in kindergarten as participants. In Phase 1 of the randomised control trial, the experimental group (E1) received the intervention for 1 hour, 4 days per week, for 3 school terms. The control group received regular classroom instruction. Large and statistically significant mean differences between groups were evident after 3 terms on 2 of 4 measures — the Martin and Pratt Nonword Reading Test and the Burt Reading Test, which measure phonological recoding and single word reading, respectively. Very large effect sizes were found. In Phase 2, the original control group received the intervention in the same way (E2). Testing at the end of Phase 2 confirmed the intervention's large effect on phonological recoding, but the results for the 3 other tests showed no acceleration in the Phase 2 experimental group (E2). This study evaluates the efficacy of the trialled intervention, adds to the research literature on Tier-2 interventions for young struggling readers, and yields practical implications for schools that offer literacy interventions without a strong RtI framework.
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Urquhart, R., C. Kendell, E. Cornelissen, L. L. Madden, B. J. Powell, G. Kissmann, S. A. Richmond, C. Willis, and J. Bender. "Identifying Determinants of Intervention Sustainability in Cancer Survivorship Care." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (October 1, 2018): 95s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.28200.
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Background: Substantial gains could be made in reducing the cancer burden if current scientific evidence was applied in practice. The World Health Organization estimates that, worldwide, one-third of cancer cases could be prevented and another one-third cured if evidence was consistently implemented and sustained in cancer care. However, moving evidence-based interventions into care has proven a significant challenge. Even when interventions are put into practice, they often fail to become integrated into the long-term routines of organizations. This poor sustainability means many patients do not benefit from the best care possible. There is little empirical data on the factors that influence the sustainability of interventions in clinical settings. Aim: To identify the determinants of, and explore the processes that facilitate, sustainability of interventions in cancer care survivorship. Sustainability was defined as the continued use of an intervention and its associated components and/or the continued achievement of the intended benefits after the initial funding or support period. Methods: We first conducted an environmental scan to identify interventions in cancer survivorship care implemented in Canada. This was followed by a literature review to ascertain the evidence base for each intervention and identify those meeting the US National Cancer Institute's criteria for evidence-based interventions. We then recruited key individuals relevant to the evidence-based interventions for semistructured in-depth interviews to explore issues related to their sustainability. Interview data are being analyzed through an inductive grounded theory approach using constant comparative analysis. Results: Twenty-seven individuals participated in the interviews. Preliminary findings reveal five factors that influenced whether, and the extent to which, interventions were sustained in cancer survivorship care. Participants emphasized (1) access to sufficient resources and funding is critical to sustaining interventions after the initial funding period. The ability of a team or organization to (2) evaluate a new intervention and demonstrate its quality and usefulness was often perceived as necessary to obtain continued funding as well as ongoing buy in and support from key stakeholders. In addition, the (3) extent to which the intervention can be adapted, (4) support of senior management, and (5) existence of an on-the-ground champion to continuously promote, adapt, lead, and spread the intervention were perceived as important factors that contribute to an intervention's sustained use. Conclusion: Research into determinants and processes of sustainability is critical to ensure we plan and act in ways that maximize the sustained use of interventions shown to benefit patients and our cancer systems. Issues related to evaluation, adaptability, and ongoing moral and material supports should be considered before, during, and after implementation efforts.
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Able-Boone, Harriet. "Ethics and Early Intervention: Toward More Relationship-Focused Interventions." Infants & Young Children 9, no. 2 (October 1996): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001163-199610000-00004.
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DeVito Dabbs, Annette, Mi-Kyung Song, Robert Hawkins, Jill Aubrecht, Karen Kovach, Lauren Terhorst, Mary Connolly, Mary McNulty, and Judith Callan. "An Intervention Fidelity Framework for Technology-Based Behavioral Interventions." Nursing Research 60, no. 5 (September 2011): 340–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/nnr.0b013e31822cc87d.
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李, 国濠. "Application of Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions in Autism Intervention." Advances in Psychology 13, no. 11 (2023): 4966–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/ap.2023.1311625.
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Yao, Zhuoer. "Emotional, Social, and Recreational Intervention Approaches: An Intervention Study of Emotion Regulation in Adolescents with Autism." Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media 78, no. 1 (January 15, 2025): 151–56. https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/2025.20408.
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In recent years, emotion regulation and intervention within the autistic community have become highly significant areas of focus in autism research. While children with autism are often the primary focus of studies, research specifically targeting adolescents with autism is relatively scarce, and there is a lack of systematic integration of emotion regulation and intervention approaches for this group. This article aims to outline interventions for adolescents with autism across three domains: emotional, social, and recreational, and to describe various interventions within each domain. Emotional interventions include group intervention methods, Emotional Awareness and Skills Enhancement (EASE) techniques, and emotion regulation through humor. Social interventions encompass social skills group interventions and group cognitive behavioral therapy. Recreational interventions involve music therapy, therapeutic horseback riding, and drama-based interventions. A comprehensive review of these methods indicates that most interventions have demonstrated improvements in emotion regulation among adolescents with autism; however, individual approaches require further research and refinement. This paper contributes to the existing literature on emotion regulation and intervention for adolescents with autism and lays a foundation for future research directions.
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Hongxing, Li, Yao Wei, Dong Guoqing, Wang Li, Luo Qing, Wang Shan, Xiong Chuanlong, and Zhang Qi. "Water and sanitation interventions to control diarrheal disease in rural China." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 6, no. 4 (May 31, 2016): 640–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2016.131.
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To evaluate diarrheal disease control effects of various water and sanitation interventions, a comprehensive search strategy was developed to identify all peer-reviewed papers relating to water and sanitation intervention studies in China. All published studies since 1980 on water and sanitation interventions to reduce diarrheal disease in China were analyzed using meta-analysis. Fixed-effects and random-effects models were used to calculate the summarized relative risk of all included studies. The results show that water and sanitation interventions can be classified into four types: improved water supply; latrine construction intervention; health education and behavior intervention; and multiple interventions. All of these intervention studies were found to reduce the risks of diarrhea illness. This study, which analyzed high control effects of water and sanitation intervention to prevent diarrheal disease, revealed that water improvements and sanitation interventions in China played an important role in reducing diarrhea illness. The diarrhea study concluded that the intervention of water and sanitation in China must involve the whole population as it aims to build a more comprehensive intervention system.
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Haussmann, Alexander, Martina E. Schmidt, Mona L. Illmann, Marleen Schröter, Thomas Hielscher, Holger Cramer, Imad Maatouk, Markus Horneber, and Karen Steindorf. "Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials on Yoga, Psychosocial, and Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Cancer-Related Fatigue: What Intervention Characteristics Are Related to Higher Efficacy?" Cancers 14, no. 8 (April 15, 2022): 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14082016.
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Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a burdensome sequela of cancer treatments. Besides exercise, recommended therapies for CRF include yoga, psychosocial, and mindfulness-based interventions. However, interventions conducted vary widely, and not all show a significant effect. This meta-analysis aimed to explore intervention characteristics related to greater reductions in CRF. We included randomized controlled trials published before October 2021. Standardized mean differences were used to assess intervention efficacy for CRF and multimodel inference to explore intervention characteristics associated with higher efficacy. For the meta-analysis, we included 70 interventions (24 yoga interventions, 31 psychosocial interventions, and 15 mindfulness-based interventions) with 6387 participants. The results showed a significant effect of yoga, psychosocial, and mindfulness-based interventions on CRF but with high heterogeneity between studies. For yoga and mindfulness-based interventions, no particular intervention characteristic was identified to be advantageous for reducing CRF. Regarding psychosocial interventions, a group setting and work on cognition were related to higher intervention effects on CRF. The results of this meta-analysis suggest options to maximize the intervention effects of psychosocial interventions for CRF. The effects of yoga and mindfulness-based interventions for CRF appear to be independent of their design, although the limited number of studies points to the need for further research.
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Rahmawati, Tuti, and Heryudarini Harahap. "The Intervention Service Coverage on Convergence Action to Reduce Stunting in Riau Province Priority Districts, Indonesia." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, T8 (January 3, 2022): 200–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.9464.
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BACKGROUND: The prevalence of stunting in Riau, Indonesia based on the Indonesian Toddler Nutrition Status Survey in 2019 was 23.95%. Efforts to reduce the prevalence of stunting remain challenging to achieve the target of 18% by 2024. One of the pillars in efforts to reduce stunting is convergence action involving multi-stakeholders to ensure the service delivery interventions received by targeted 1000 days of early life households. 
 OBJECTIVE: This study objective was to describe the intervention service coverage on stunting convergence action to reduce stunting in Riau Province, Indonesia. 
 METHODS: The intervention service coverage was obtained from web monitoring convergence Action and Reporting System in 2020 and nutritional status was from the Electronic Community-Based Nutrition Recording. Data was taken from 10 priority districts. There were 11 specific interventions and 9 sensitive interventions were analyzed. The data were analysed descriptively by districts and type of intervention. 
 RESULTS: The specific and sensitive interventions implemented in 161 priority villages in 2021.The results of the study were 6.0% of 392,444 under-five aged children indicated stunting. The average coverage of specific interventions was 78.3% and sensitive intervention was 50.3%. In specific intervention, supplementary feeding for wasted child (92.4%) and chronic energy deficiency pregnant women (91.1%) were the only indicator that reached the set target. All sensitive intervention were not reached the target. Rokan Hulu (89.5%), Pekanbaru (88.0%), Kampar (84.4%), Pelawan (82.6%) districts had a high specific intervention. The highest sensitive intervention was in Rokan Hulu (74.6%). The budget from regional development for specific intervention was 28.2% and sensitive intervention was 71.8%. 
 CONCLUSION: The coverage service of sensitive intervention was lower than specific intervention. Only 2 out of 11 specific interventions coverage had reach the target and all of sensitive intervention coverage had not reach the target. The specific and sensitive intervention coverage was varied among priority district. The strengthening of interventions is required to increase coverage service delivery to the targeted household. The local government convergence action and increasing the role of the village authorities were the main keys in accelerating stunting reduction.
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Salvadeo, Alicia. "Intervention 1, and: Intervention 2." Cream City Review 41, no. 2 (2017): 110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ccr.2017.0066.
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Di Lauro, Francesco, István Z. Kiss, and Joel C. Miller. "Optimal timing of one-shot interventions for epidemic control." PLOS Computational Biology 17, no. 3 (March 18, 2021): e1008763. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008763.
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The interventions and outcomes in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic are highly varied. The disease and the interventions both impose costs and harm on society. Some interventions with particularly high costs may only be implemented briefly. The design of optimal policy requires consideration of many intervention scenarios. In this paper we investigate the optimal timing of interventions that are not sustainable for a long period. Specifically, we look at at the impact of a single short-term non-repeated intervention (a “one-shot intervention”) on an epidemic and consider the impact of the intervention’s timing. To minimize the total number infected, the intervention should start close to the peak so that there is minimal rebound once the intervention is stopped. To minimise the peak prevalence, it should start earlier, leading to initial reduction and then having a rebound to the same prevalence as the pre-intervention peak rather than one very large peak. To delay infections as much as possible (as might be appropriate if we expect improved interventions or treatments to be developed), earlier interventions have clear benefit. In populations with distinct subgroups, synchronized interventions are less effective than targeting the interventions in each subcommunity separately.
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Grimes, Lisa, Joanne G. Outtrim, Simon J. Griffin, and Ari Ercole. "Accelerometery as a measure of modifiable physical activity in high-risk elderly preoperative patients: a prospective observational pilot study." BMJ Open 9, no. 11 (November 2019): e032346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032346.
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ObjectivesTo use wrist-worn accelerometers (Axivity AX3) to establish normative physical activity (PA) and acceptability data for the high-risk elderly preoperative population, to assess whether PA could be modified by a prehabilitation intervention as part of routine care, to assess any correlation between accelerometer-measured PA and self-reported PA and to assess the acceptability of wearing wrist-worn accelerometers in this population.Study designProspective, observational, pilot study.SettingSingle National Health Service Hospital.ParticipantsFrail patients≥65 years awaiting major surgery referred to a multidisciplinary preoperative clinic at which they received a routine intervention aimed at improving their PA. 35 patients were recruited. Average age 79.9 years (SD=5.6).Primary outcomesNormative PA data measured as a mean daily Euclidean norm minus one (ENMO) in milli-gravitational units (mg).Secondary outcomesMeasure PA levels (mg) following a routine preoperative intervention. Determine correlation between patient-reported PA (measured using the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly) and accelerometer-measured PA (mg). Assess acceptability of wearing a wrist-worn accelerometer measured using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) questionnaire and device wear time (hours).ResultsMedian baseline daily PA was 14.3 mg(IQR 9.75–22.04) with an improvement in PA detected following the intervention (median ENMO post intervention 20.91 mg(IQR 14.83–27.53), p=0.022). There was no significant correlation between accelerometer-measured and self-reported PA (baselineρ=0.162 (p=0.4), post interventionρ=−0.144 (p=0.5)). We found high acceptability ratings (median score of 10/10 on VAS, IQR 8–10) and wear-time compliance (163.2 hours (IQR 150–167.5) preintervention and 166.1 hours (IQR 162.5–167) post intervention).ConclusionsAccelerometery is acceptable to this population and increases in PA levels measured following an unoptimised routine clinical intervention which indicates that health behavioural change interventions may be successful during the preoperative period. Accelerometers may therefore be a useful tool to design and validate interventions for improving PA in this setting.Trial registration numberNCT03737903.
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Horan, Kristin A., Madeline Marks, Jessica Ruiz, Clint Bowers, and Annelise Cunningham. "Here for My Peer: The Future of First Responder Mental Health." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 21 (October 22, 2021): 11097. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111097.
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Workplace interventions that leverage social tactics to improve health and well-being are becoming more common. As an example, peer mental health support interventions aim to reduce stigma and promote treatment seeking in first responder populations. Given the social nature of these interventions, it is important to consider how the preexisting social context influences intervention outcomes. A peer mental health support intervention was delivered among first responders, and self-efficacy and intention to have supportive peer conversations were measured pre-and post-intervention. Trust in peers was measured prior to the intervention. Results suggest a floor effect may exist for self-efficacy, in which a foundational level of trust and pre-intervention self-efficacy may be needed to maximize intervention effectiveness. As the future of work brings complex safety and health challenges, collaborative solutions that engage multiple stakeholders (employees, their peers, and their organization) will be needed. This study suggests that more frequent attention to pre-existing intervention context, particularly social context in peer-focused intervention, will enhance intervention outcomes.
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Zhu, Zhenni, Chunyan Luo, Shuangxiao Qu, Xiaohui Wei, Jingyuan Feng, Shuo Zhang, Yinyi Wang, and Jin Su. "Effects of School-Based Interventions on Reducing Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption among Chinese Children and Adolescents." Nutrients 13, no. 6 (May 30, 2021): 1862. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13061862.
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We set up a series of school-based interventions on the basis of an ecological model targeting sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) reduction in Chinese elementary and middle schools and evaluated the effects. A total of 1046 students from Chinese elementary and middle schools were randomly recruited in an intervention group, as were 1156 counterparts in a control group. The interventions were conducted in the intervention schools for one year. The participants were orally instructed to answer all the questionnaires by themselves at baseline and after intervention. The difference in difference statistical approach was used to identify the effects exclusively attributable to the interventions. There were differences in grade composition and no difference in sex distribution between the intervention and control groups. After adjusting for age, sex, and group differences at baseline, a significant reduction in SSB intake was found in the intervention group post intervention, with a decrease of 35.0 mL/day (p = 0.034). Additionally, the frequency of SSB consumption decreased by 0.2 times/day (p = 0.071). The students in the elementary schools with interventions significantly reduced their SSB intake by 61.6 mL/day (p = 0.002) and their frequency of SSB consumption by 0.3 times/day (p = 0.017) after the intervention. The boys in the intervention group had an intervention effect of a 50.2 mL/day reduction in their SSB intake (p = 0.036). School-based interventions were effective in reducing SSB consumption, especially among younger ones. The boys were more responsive to the interventions than the girls. (ChiCTR, ChiCTR1900020781.)
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Norris, Emma, Alison J. Wright, Janna Hastings, Robert West, Neil Boyt, and Susan Michie. "Specifying who delivers behaviour change interventions: development of an Intervention Source Ontology." Wellcome Open Research 6 (April 8, 2021): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16682.1.
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Background: Identifying how behaviour change interventions are delivered, including by whom, is key to understanding intervention effectiveness. However, information about who delivers interventions is reported inconsistently in intervention evaluations, limiting communication and knowledge accumulation. This paper reports a method for consistent reporting: The Intervention Source Ontology. This forms one part of the Behaviour Change Intervention Ontology, which aims to cover all aspects of behaviour change interventions. Methods: The Intervention Source Ontology was developed following methods for ontology development and maintenance used in the Human Behaviour-Change Project, with seven key steps: 1) define the scope of the ontology, 2) identify key entities and develop their preliminary definitions by reviewing existing classification systems (top-down) and reviewing 100 behaviour change intervention reports (bottom-up), 3) refine the ontology by piloting the preliminary ontology on 100 reports, 4) stakeholder review by 34 behavioural science and public health experts, 5) inter-rater reliability testing of annotating intervention reports using the ontology, 6) specify ontological relationships between entities and 7) disseminate and maintain the Intervention Source Ontology. Results: The Intervention Source Ontology consists of 140 entities. Key areas of the ontology include Occupational Role of Source, Relatedness between Person Source and the Target Population, Sociodemographic attributes and Expertise. Inter-rater reliability was found to be 0.60 for those familiar with the ontology and 0.59 for those unfamiliar with it, levels of agreement considered ‘acceptable’. Conclusions: Information about who delivers behaviour change interventions can be reliably specified using the Intervention Source Ontology. For human-delivered interventions, the ontology can be used to classify source characteristics in existing behaviour change reports and enable clearer specification of intervention sources in reporting.
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Karanika-Murray, Maria, Dimitra Gkiontsi, and Thom Baguley. "Engaging leaders at two hierarchical levels in organizational health interventions." International Journal of Workplace Health Management 11, no. 4 (August 6, 2018): 210–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijwhm-07-2018-0086.
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Purpose Although visible leader support is an essential ingredient for successful organizational health interventions, knowledge on how leaders at different hierarchical levels engage with interventions is underdeveloped. The purpose of this paper is to explore leader engagement by drawing from the experiences of the intervention team. Design/methodology/approach Data from semi-structured interviews with the team responsible for implementing an organizational health intervention in two large UK organizations were used to examine how leaders at strategic (senior management) and operational (line managers) positions engaged with the intervention. Findings Thematic analysis uncovered 6 themes and 16 sub-themes covering the leaders’ initial reactions to the intervention, barriers to leader engagement, ways in which the intervention team dealt with these barriers, factors facilitating and factors accelerating leader engagement, and differences in engagement between leadership levels. Research limitations/implications This study can inform research into the conditions for optimizing leader engagement in organizational health interventions and beyond. Insights also emerged on the roles of leaders at different hierarchical levels and the value of perspective taking for intervention implementation. Practical implications Recommendations for bolstering the engagement of leaders in interventions are offered, that apply to all leaders or separately to leaders at strategic or operational levels. Originality/value The experiences of the intervention team who sought to engage leaders at different organizational levels to support the intervention are invaluable. Understanding how leader engagement can be maximized can better equip intervention teams for delivering successful interventions.
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Karimi-Shahanjarini, Akram, Arash Rashidian, Nasrin Omidvar, and Reza Majdzadeh. "Assessing and Comparing the Short-Term Effects of TPB Only and TPB plus Implementation Intentions Interventions on Snacking Behavior in Iranian Adolescent Girls: A Cluster Randomized Trial." American Journal of Health Promotion 27, no. 3 (January 2013): 152–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/ajhp.110311-quan-113.
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Purpose. The evidence for the effectiveness of theory of planned behavior (TPB)–based interventions is mixed. There is also mixed evidence on the effectiveness of adding implementation intentions to TPB-based interventions. In this study we assessed and compared the short-term effects of TPB-only intervention and TPB plus implementation intentions intervention on snacking behavior and intention to consume unhealthy snacks in Iranian adolescent girls. Design. Three-arm cluster randomized controlled trial. Setting. Ten middle schools in Tehran (Iran). Subjects. A total of 29 classes included 739 female adolescents (age range: 12–15 years). Intervention. Two brief interventions including TPB-only intervention and TPB plus implementation intentions intervention. Measures. Food frequency questionnaire and intentions at baseline, 10 days, and 3 months measuring snacking behavior and cognitions about unhealthy snack consumption, respectively. Analysis. Hierarchical linear modeling to assess the interventions' effects. Results. Both interventions successfully decreased intention to consume and consumption of unhealthy snacks at postintervention. Calculation of the effect sizes revealed that the TPB plus implementation intentions intervention was more effective than the TPB-only intervention. The effects remained significant at 3-month follow-up in the TPB plus implementation intentions intervention group only, although the effect size decreased. Conclusion. Overall, the study suggests that adding implementation intentions on top of TPB-based persuasive messages improves effectiveness and sustainability of desirable changes.
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Waters, Lauren Ashleigh, Benedicte Galichet, Neville Owen, and Elizabeth Eakin. "Who Participates in Physical Activity Intervention Trials?" Journal of Physical Activity and Health 8, no. 1 (January 2011): 85–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.8.1.85.
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Background:Taking a representative snapshot of physical activity intervention trial findings published between 1996 and 2006, we empirically evaluated participant characteristics, response and retention rates, and their associations with intervention settings.Methods:A structured database search identified 5 representative health behavior journals, from which 32 research reports of physical activity intervention trials were reviewed. Interventions settings were categorized as workplace, healthcare, home- or community-based. Information on participant and intervention characteristics was extracted and reviewed.Results:The majority of participants were Caucasian (86%), women (66%), healthy but sedentary (63%), and middle-aged (mean age = 51 years). Intervention response rates ranged from 20% to 89%, with the greatest response rate for healthcare and home-based interventions. Compared with nonparticipants, study participants tended to be women, Caucasian, tertiary-educated, and middle-class. Participants in workplace interventions were younger, more educated, and healthier; in community-based interventions, participants were older and more ethnically diverse. Reporting on education and income was inconsistent. The mean retention rate was 78%, with minimal differences between intervention settings.Conclusions:These results emphasize the need for physical activity interventions to target men, socioeconomically disadvantaged, and ethnic minority populations. Consistent reporting of response rate and retention may enhance the understanding of which intervention settings best recruit and retain large, representative samples.
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Kalver, Emily H., D. Keith McInnes, Vera Yakovchenko, Justeen Hyde, Beth Ann Petrakis, and Bo Kim. "The CORE (Consensus on Relevant Elements) Approach to Determining Initial Core Components of an Innovation." Frontiers in Health Services 1 (November 16, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/frhs.2021.752177.
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Identifying an intervention's core components is indispensable to gauging whether an intervention is implemented with fidelity and/or is modified; it is often a multi-stage process, starting with the first stage of identifying an initial set of core components that are gradually refined. This first stage of identifying initial core components has not been thoroughly examined. Without a clear set of steps to follow, interventions may vary in the rigor and thought applied to identifying their initial core components. We devised the CORE (Consensus on Relevant Elements) approach to synthesize opinions of intervention developers/implementers to identify an intervention's initial core components, particularly applicable to innovative interventions. We applied CORE to a peer-based intervention that aids military veterans with post-incarceration community reintegration. Our CORE application involved four intervention developers/implementers and two moderators to facilitate the seven CORE steps. Our CORE application had two iterations, moving through Steps 1 (individual core component suggestions) through 7 (group discussion for consensus), then repeating Steps 4 (consolidation of component definitions) through 7. This resulted in 18 consensus-reached initial core components of the peer-based intervention, down from the 60 that the developers/implementers individually suggested at Step 1. Removed components were deemed to not threaten the intervention's effectiveness even if absent. CORE contributes to filling a critical gap regarding identifying an intervention's initial core components (so that the identified components can be subsequently refined), by providing concrete steps for synthesizing the knowledge of an intervention's developers/implementers. Future research should examine CORE's utility across various interventions and implementation settings.
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Smit, L., H. Knoors, I. Rabeling, L. Verhoeven, and C. Vissers. "Enhancing social–emotional functioning in adolescents with developmental language disorder or deaf or hard of hearing through a Theory of Mind intervention." International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, January 18, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1460-6984.13011.
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AbstractBackgroundThis study examines the effect of a Theory of Mind (ToM) intervention on ToM abilities and social–emotional functioning in adolescents with developmental language disorder (DLD) or who are deaf/hard of hearing (D/HH). It emphasizes the importance of self‐reflection and measurement for personal growth. The research design incorporates both subjective and objective measures to evaluate the intervention's efficacy.AimsTo investigate the impact of the ToM intervention on ToM abilities and social–emotional functioning in adolescents with DLD or who are D/HH. It hypothesizes that participants in the intervention groups will show improved ToM and social–emotional functioning compared with those in the control groups.Methods & ProceduresAdolescents with DLD or who are D/HH were recruited through collaboration with educational institutions. The study utilized a pre‐/post‐test design, assigning participants to either the intervention or the control group. The ToM intervention involved targeted activities to enhance ToM abilities. ToM abilities and social–emotional functioning were assessed using standardized tests and self‐report questionnaires. Statistical analyses compared outcomes between the intervention and no intervention groups.Outcomes & ResultsThe findings reveal subjective improvements in social–emotional functioning among the D/HH intervention group. However, no significant effects on objective ToM measures were observed. These results highlight the need for further investigation and refinement of interventions in these areas. Future research should focus on improving intervention strategies and exploring additional objective measures to gain a comprehensive understanding of the intervention's impact on ToM and social–emotional functioning in this population.Conclusions & ImplicationsThe ToM intervention shows subjective benefits in improving social–emotional functioning among D/HH adolescents. However, it does not yield significant effects on objective ToM measures. These findings emphasize the ongoing need to refine interventions targeting ToM abilities and social–emotional functioning in this population. Future studies should explore alternative strategies and incorporate additional objective measures to enhance understanding and outcomes.What this paper addsWhat is already known on this subject Before this study, it was known that ToM interventions have the potential to enhance ToM abilities. However, the specific effects of such interventions on subjective and objective measures for ToM and social–emotional functioning in adolescents with DLD or who are D/HH remained unclear, necessitating further research.What this paper adds to the existing knowledge This study adds to the existing knowledge by demonstrating subjective improvements in social–emotional functioning among adolescents who are D/HH and underwent a ToM intervention. However, no significant effects on objective ToM measures were observed. These findings highlight the need for refining interventions and exploring additional measures to better understand the intervention's impact.What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work? The subjective improvements in social–emotional functioning observed in this study have important clinical implications. They suggest that ToM interventions can positively impact the social well‐being of adolescents who are D/HH. However, the lack of significant effects on objective ToM measures emphasizes the need for further research and intervention refinement to address specific areas of improvement in this population.
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Cambon, Linda, Philippe Terral, and François Alla. "From intervention to interventional system: towards greater theorization in population health intervention research." BMC Public Health 19, no. 1 (March 25, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6663-y.
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