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Kelly, Traci. "Performing Intersubjectivity". Thesis, University of Reading, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.525121.
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Almäng, Jan. "Intentionality and intersubjectivity /". Göteborg : Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/4563.
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Clarke, James Alexander. "Fichte's theory of intersubjectivity". Thesis, Durham University, 2004. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3659/.
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This thesis rejects the traditional picture of Fichte as a 'philosopher of subjectivity' who conceives of reality as the product of an 'absolute subject'. In opposition to this view, this thesis presents Fichte as a philosopher of intersubjectivity, whose primary concern is with relations between subjects. It argues that the true originality of Fichte's philosophy lies in his claim that intersubjectivity is a condition of the possibility of self- consciousness. Part 1 of this thesis defends Fichte's claim that Kant's transcendental idealism requires an account of how we recognize other rational beings. It seeks to demonstrate the necessity of such an account by examining the role of intersubjectivity within Kant's transcendental philosophy. Chapters 1, 2 and 3 deal, respectively, with the significance of intersubjectivity for Kant's accounts of theoretical reason, practical reason and the unity of reason. Part 2 of this thesis considers Fichte's attempt to develop a theory of intersubjectivity within his system of transcendental philosophy or Wissenschaftslehre. Chapter 4 considers Fichte's conception of such a system, and stresses the importance of political, ethical and pedagogical themes to this conception. Chapter 5 provides a detailed discussion of Fichte's first serious treatment of the topic of intersubjectivity — Some Lectures Concerning the Scholar's Vocation. Chapter 6 seeks to provide a reading of Fichte's first presentation of the 'foundations' of his system that is consistent with his concern with intersubjectivity. Chapters 7 provide an extensive discussion of Fichte's most complete presentation of his theory of intersubjectivity — the Foundations of Natural Right.
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Plant, Nicola Jane. "Intersubjectivity, empathy and nonverbal interaction". Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2018. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/39762.
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Empathy is thought to involve cognitive processes that depend on the simulation of another's experiences. Embodiment has a key role for empathy as vehicle for recreating the experience of another. This thesis explores the validity of this claim by investigating what people do when communicating about their experiences. In particular, what is the contribution of our embodied resources such as gestures, postures and expressions to empathy and intersubjectivity? These questions are explored against two corpora of dyadic interactions. One features conversations of people describing recalled embodied experiences to each other, such as painful or pleasant bodily experiences like a headache or laughing. The other features a series of interactions designed to emulate informal conversations. The analysis uses hand coded gestures, feedback and clari cation questions, body movement data and a new approach to quantifying posture congruence. The analysis shows the embodied responses observed within these interactions are intentionally placed and formulated to facilitate the incremental process of a conversation as a joint activity. This is inconsistent with accounts that propose there is an automatic and non-conscious propensity for people to mimic each other in social interactions. Quantitative analysis show that patterns of gesture type and use, feedback form and posture di er systematically between interlocutors. Additionally, results show that resources provided by embodiment are allocated strategically. Nonverbal contributions increase in frequency and adjust their form responding to problems in conversation such as during clari cation questions and repair. Detailed qualitative analysis shows the instances that appear to display mimicry within the interaction function rather as embodied adaptations or paraphrases. In their contrast with the original contribution they demonstrate a speci c understanding of the type of experience being conveyed. This work shows that embodiment is an important resource for intersubjectivity and embodied communication is speci cally constructed to aid the collaborative, sequential and intersubjective progression of dialogue.
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Eisenbiegler, Grace. "Intersubjectivity and Coping with Absurdity". Thesis, Boston College, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:108013.
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Thesis advisor: Jeffrey BloechlPer Jean-Paul Sartre and Albert Camus, existentialism is the profound truth that the world lacks inherent meaning and thus, we are radically free to choose, to live life as we please. While these assertions are both true and liberating and the theoretical level, these axioms leave individuals disoriented. They never answer the question: how does one live within an absurd world? Thus, these authors never give us a way of coping with the harsh repercussions of absurdity. To answer this question, this project turns to intersubjectivity and the work of Emmanuel Levinas. Levinas’s theory of the other demonstrates that we are not merely beings in a vacuum; the world is conditioned by the interpersonal. Relating to the Other allows us to see that we are not alone in our suffering, for the Other and the individual mutually witness one another. Such connections provide a means of coping with absurdity, allowing us both solidarity and insight into the truly absurd nature of the world. Thus, the application of Levinas’s intersubjectivity to existentialism serves to save Camus’s notion of absurdity from its more nihilistic tendencies, allowing us to accept and apprehend absurdity without falling into despair or ignorance
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2018
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Departmental Honors
Discipline: Philosophy
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Pitfield, Doreen Jennie. "Illness as intersubjectivity: a sociological perspective". Thesis, Rhodes University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003117.
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This thesis explores the historical roots of scientific medicine in an effort to highlight the lack of humanist intersubjectivity within the contemporary medical model. The study notes that contemporary medicine is overtly scientific and that its scientific framework is upheld and furthered by a medical model which draws legitimation from the irrefutability of what is referred to variously within this work, as its scientific "regime". It is shown that in terms of the humanist tradition people, not science, constitute the epicentre of meaningful experiential participation in the defining of human social reality. This, it is argued, implies a radically different ontology from other sociological perspectives on medicine. The thesis suggests that the contemporary medical model loses sight of the patient's ability to cognitively participate in the defining of illness, diagnosis and treatment in terms of his/her experience thereof , and argues that contemporary medicine, by advancing the idea that it alone has the correct and only answer to such problems, has led to a situation which promotes an overmedicalisation of society . The study gives an indication of the way in which this overmedicalisation has led to areas of human life becoming conceived of only in relation to medical expertise. In this respect it is noted that medicine has so successfully infiltrated the human consciousness (involving areas as diverse as childbirth, genetic engineering, transplant surgery and death), that decisions on health are invariably taken from a foundation of scientific legitimation which seems to exclude the patient as subject. It is argued that this way of making decisions reinforces the requirement for a scientific medical model which as it negates the human element insidiously amplifies its power over human life; thereby devaluing the very people it seeks to serve. The thesis suggests that in terms of a humanist reading of the Oath of Hippocrates, medical decisions can only be taken within a framework of experiential involvement which includes both medical expertise and lay understanding. It is indicated that when this happens, social reality functions in terms of a symbolic participation which fosters a commitment to equalise the conditions of human existence, and promotes a dialogical negotiatory process which is both intersubjectively and ongoingly produced.
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Rucińska, Zuzanna Aleksandra. "Pretence : role of representations and intersubjectivity?" Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/16554.
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This thesis investigates the role of representations and intersubjectivity in explaining pretend play of young children. Its goal is to show that basic forms of pretending can be explained without recourse to mental representations. The thesis targets two aspects of pretence: imagining (underlying the ability to act as if), and guiding (underlying the ability to play in specific ways). It proposes an alternative account of pretence to cognitivist accounts that dominate in the literature. The alternative account is based on enactivism; it proposes to explain pretending through dynamic interactions of environmental affordances and animal effectivities in context. The thesis emphasises the role of social and environmental factors as well as cultural engagements in shaping the relevant context for pretence to occur. The thesis is an important contribution both to the literature on pretence as well as to philosophy of mind. While the topic of pretence is narrow, considering it through enactive lens involves considering some of the most debated issues, such as the applicability of mechanistic explanations to studying cognition.
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Broca, Alain de. "Le principe Développement". Thesis, Paris Est, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PEST0204/document.
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Qui est l’homme si ce n’est un être en développement permanent ? Quel est ce phénomène appelé développement si ce n’est un principe immanent à l’homme ? Notre travail montre que l’homme est, ontologiquement soi, soi-même comme un autre, tout au long de sa vie. De ce fait, aucune étape de la vie, jeune ou vieillard, malade ou bien portant, ne peut prétendre à avoir plus de valeur d’humanité qu’une autre. Le développement de l’homme n’est pas accumulation de nouvelles compétences pour elles-mêmes mais est perte de ses enveloppes (lat. : de voloper faluppa) de sa toute-puissance. La première partie montre que l’homme doit assumer sa finitude corporelle avec les deuils inhérents à ces pertes. La seconde montre que le sens de la vie s’inscrit invariablement dans l’intersubjectivité entre dons et pardons, où l’homme exprime son historicité en vivant pleinement ses présent-vécus. Ainsi, l’homme doit accepter ne pas se considérer seulement au singulier mais assumer sa singularité riche de ses alliances à retisser quotidiennement, c'est à dire assumer sereinement son interdépendance avec ceux qu’il côtoie dans une société donnée. Etre homme, c’est assumer son Je-suis comme un Je-suis-parceque-en-relation. La loi que le Je pourra dire n’est ni autonomie kantienne ni autodétermination utilitariste, mais bien une loi qui ne peut se dire et se vivre que par, avec et grâce à autrui(s), concept que nous appelons principe de konomie. La troisième partie montre que pour assumer sa position spécifique, l’homme doit donner du sens à son historicité, à sa liberté et au respect qu’il doit à tout autrui. Assumer son principe développement c’est vivre ensemble une anthropoéthiqueWho is the man if not a human being in permanent development? But what is this phenomenon called development if not an immanent principle to man? Our present research shows that the human being is ontologically himself, himself as an other, throughout his life. No stage of life, from youth to old age, sickness or health, can be considered to be more human than any other. The development of man is not the accumulation of new competencies for their own sake but rather in order to lose the envelopes (lat.: voloper faluppa) of his omnipotence. The first part of this thesis shows that man must accept his bodily finitude (finiteness) with the mourning inherent in these losses. The second part shows that the meaning of life is invariably found in the intersubjectivity between giving and forgiving, through which man expresses his historicity by living fully in the present. Thus, man must agree not to be considered only in an individual situation but to accept his singularity as one rich in alliances he must re-weave every day. He must cope serenely with his interrelationships with his peers in his given society. To be human is to accept one's "being" as "being-in-relation-to". The principle of development is neither Kantian autonomy nor utilitarian autodetermination, but a law that must be voiced and lived with and thanks to others, a concept that we call conomy. The third part shows that to take his specific position and dignity, man must give sense to his historicity, to his freedom and to the respect that he owes others. To assume this development principle it is to live in an anthropoethic way
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Day, Elizabeth 1965. "Delusions of gender : sex, identity and intersubjectivity". Monash University, School of Political and Social Inquiry, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8524.
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Gillespie, Alex. "Returning surplus : constructing the architecture of intersubjectivity". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.431386.
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Hung, Shu-Ming. "Intersubjectivity in the fiction of Doris Lessing". Thesis, Durham University, 2012. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5936/.
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In this thesis, I will be examining selective works by the novelist Doris Lessing. The aim of the thesis is to examine Lessing’s oeuvre by approaching her fiction as an attempt to understand the subject as an effect of intersubjectivity. The thesis approaches the question of intersubjectivity through a broadly psychoanalytic framework, not only engaging with Lessing’s own particular interests in psychoanalysis, but also standing back and reframing her work through approaches to intersubjectivity available in work by Freud and Jung, Klein, and object relational and existential dynamic psychologies. The thesis will, throughout, endeavour to situate psychoanalytic approaches in specifically historical and political contexts, also drawing on phenomenology to examine Lessing’s depiction of a transcendental mode of experience which is reached through an ongoing evolutionary consciousness. Her dialectical positioning of the subject reveals a restless struggle towards a conciliation between self and others. The thesis reflects a trajectory of Lessing’s work from her earlier African novels to later writing, The Fifth Child and Ben, in the World. The thesis begins by examining the structure of the family and mother-daughter relationships in the context of the historically specific political milieu of post-war apartheid in South Africa; it ends by examining the question of the availability of an ethics of care in Thatcherite Britain as reflected in the Ben novels. Melanie Klein’s work and the later object-relations theory influenced by it, are adopted to provide a frame through which to try to illuminate Lessing’s concern with the possibility of motivating positive interactions between self and others, and as an alternative to the tragic liberal view of the self as an anxious isolate proposed by Freud. In each chapter, the thesis focuses on the variety of Lessing’s formal experiments in her attempt to develop a late ethics of care built on a foundation of intersubjectivity. This emergent vision of the self opens up the possibility of reconstituting new modes of interaction between the self and the outer world: Lessing uses her fictional worlds to posit visionary possibilities in the world outside the fiction. Often employing critical modes of the Utopian and Apocalyptic, Lessing envisions the possibility of a new and fluid community that is constituted on the foundation of a revised albeit fragile ethics of care. Her fiction suggests that the power of creation and imagination necessary to realise such a vision belongs not only to the artist, but is also available for development in the psychosocial journey towards a new democratic subjectivity that might realise a new public order.
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GOMEZ, MARIANA. "INTERSUBJECTIVITY IN THE EARLY MOTHER-BABY RELATIONSHIP". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2014. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=29010@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
Este trabalho se propõe a desenvolver uma reflexão sobre o processo de intersubjetividade que se inicia desde os primórdios da relação mãe-bebê. Nosso enfoque visa o estudo da questão da interação entre o eu e o outro em um momento em que o outro se encontra em uma posição fronteiriça, na qual, ao mesmo tempo em que é espelho, semelhante, ainda se mantém outro. Utilizando como base principal a teoria psicanalítica de Winnicott, abordamos o processo de subjetivação ressaltando sua dimensão intersubjetiva criada mutuamente pelo par mãe-bebê. Dessa forma, tanto a constituição psíquica do bebê quanto o tornar-se mãe de um bebê específico, são considerados processos construídos a partir do diálogo não verbal, que se estabelece entre a mãe e o recém-nascido na experiência paradoxal de estar-em-um e estar separado.
This work proposes to develop a reflection about the process of intersubjectivity that begins during the initial relationship between a mother and her baby. Our approach seeks to study the interaction between the Self and the Other at a moment in which the Other finds itself in a conflicting position, in which at the same time it mirrors and is similar while still remains the Other. Using as a principal base the psychoanalytical theory of Winnicott, we approach the process of subjectivation highlighting its intersubjective dimension mutually created by the mother-child pair. In this manner, the psychological development of the baby as well as the becoming a mother of a specific baby are considered processes built through a non-verbal dialogue which is established between the mother and the newborn in the paradoxical experience of being one and being separate.
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Pasanisi, Capone Giorgia. "Intersubjectivity and Psychophysiological Measurements in Adults Interaction". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-171646.
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Intersubjective processes are claimed to be very important for therapeutic relationship and forchange-process of the patient, but it’s partly unclear how to obtain objective measurements of processes underlying an interaction. The present study explored four dimensions of intersubjectivity (Perceived Empathy, Togetherness, Authenticity, Being Comfortable) with the employment of Galvanic Skin Response. Forty-six participants and one “actor” were instructed to carry out an interaction, consisting of six situations characterized by several alterations of communication and mutual attention. At the end of the experiment participants and actor were asked to complete self-rating scales of intersubjective experience, for each one of the six situations. Results showed that when the interaction was resumed, after an alteration of communication, participants higher levels of Being Comfortable were associated to higher GSR concordance (r =0.36, p = 0.019). Results of previous research were partly unconfirmed. Findings in the current study showed that GSR concordance presents several limits in the investigation of processes underlying an interaction. Future research should develop more refined physiological techniques in order to have reliable measurements and give an important contribution to the research in Psychotherapy.
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Bayre, Aurélie. "Interprétation du texte symbolique : politique et esthétique dans l'oeuvre romanesque de Charles R. Johnson". Thesis, Reims, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REIML008/document.
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Les études consacrées à Charles Johnson soulignent la distance entre sa vision originale et le Black Arts Movement et le Black Aesthetic, mouvements politiquement engagés. Cependant, ses romans et nouvelles, indéniablement philosophiques, traduisent une réflexion qui interroge les fondements de la politique. Oxherding Tale et Middle Passage montrent des catastrophes politiques (i. e. la plantation nommée Leviathan ou le négrier appelé Republic) alors que les héros de ces romans explorent différentes esthétiques. Le désastre politique provient donc d’une incapacité esthétique. Inversement, les voyages métaphysiques des personnages principaux aboutissent à de nouvelles façons de percevoir le monde et les autres au travers d’une intersubjectivité esthétique. La comparaison des théories de Schiller et d’Adorno sur l’art et la politique avec la vision bouddhiste de l’auteur sur l’art et ses effets sur le monde, permet de faire émerger de l’ensemble de l’oeuvre de Charles Johnson sa quête esthétique et sa philosophie politique qui définissent l’action comme une co-création. En conclusion, si l’oeuvre de Charles Johnson, héritier de la fiction morale de John Gardner, est le lieu d’une libération esthétique et spirituelle, elle est aussi une contribution à la construction de ce qu’Arendt appelait le monde, et sa définition de l’art correspond à l’enracinement de Simone WeilThose who have commented on Charles Johnson’s fiction often find a distance between his work and Black Aesthetic or the Black Arts Movement, and indeed his fiction is not committed to any racial politics. Nevertheless, it does reflect on the bases of politics and bring them into question. Since Oxherding Tale and Middle Passage have political catastrophes as backgrounds (i.e. Flo Hatfield’s Leviathan or Falcon’s Republic) on which the heroes explore different aesthetic systems, it can be argued that political failure stems from aesthetic impairment. Conversely, as the metaphysical journeys of Charles Johnson’s characters end in new ways of perceiving the world, the relationship between self and other is re-evaluated in aesthetic intersubjectivity. Moreover, an examination of Schiller’s and Adorno’s ideas regarding the link between art and politics serves as a comparison with the novelist’s Buddhist understanding of art and its effect upon the world. Consequently, an analysis of the subtext highlights Johnson's aesthetic quest and its relation to a philosophical inquiry into politics. Thus, political action is defined as a co-creative work. In conclusion, while for Charles Johnson fiction is the space for aesthetic and spiritual liberation, it also starts an ethical rebuilding of what Hannah Arendt called the world, and Johnson's definition of art is an answer to what Simone Weil termed as the need for root
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Itzhak, Nofit. "Modalities of intersubjectivity in neo-shamanic ritual healing". Diss., [La Jolla] : University of California, San Diego, 2010. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/fullcit?p1477908.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of California, San Diego, 2010.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed July 12, 2010). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 74-80).
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Harding, Wendy Robyn, e wendy harding@rmit edu au. "Intersubjectivity and large groups a systems psychodynamic perspective". Swinburne University of Technology, 2005. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20060505.151504.
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This thesis argues the importance of the quality of relation between the individual and the large group in work organisations. The main thrust of this argument is that where relations between the individual and the large organisation are mutually recognising both the individual and the large organisation benefit.
The research explores three unstructured large groups through experiences of participants. The conceptual framework underpinning the research follows system psychodynamic traditions. These traditions support in depth exploration of both conscious and unconscious aspects of group life.
A multi case study design allows analysis of each of the case studies of the large groups, first separately and then together. Each of the single case analyses reveals patterns of interaction that are thought about as defense against the difficulties of being in the particular large group. The findings of the single case studies then become data for the multicase analysis. In the multicase analysis intersubjective theory is introduced. These theories, along with traditional system psychodynamic theories, allow opportunity to deeply consider the way in which individuals relate to the large group, and the impact of this relation on the formation and development of the large group.
The multicase analysis shows the difficulties group members had in asserting themselves and finding recognition in each of the large groups. The analysis also shows that despite these problems members continued to seek a recognising relation to the large group. This type of recognition, �large group recognition�, is distinguished from recognition found within interpersonal relations.
The multicase data suggests group members found large group recognition through direct and representative relations to the formal authorities and through subgroup competition. However, this recognition appeared to be characterised by dynamics of domination and submission rather than by mutual recognition. In intersubjective terms this is the dialectic of the master and slave. Recognition garnered through a master slave dynamic is understood to be compromised and deplete of the self-affirming qualities of mutuality. Consequently, where large group culture and structure are characterised by, and perpetuate master slave dynamics, the large group and the individual do not function optimally. This is proposed as the circumstance in the large groups of this study. Specifically, it is argued that the large size of the groups, along with tendencies towards patriarchal structure and culture, were instrumental in fostering master slave dynamics in each of the groups.
To conclude the thesis the research findings are considered with respect to large work organisations. This discussion explores the value of organisational contexts informed by mutuality, most particularly as organisations face the challenges of the post industrial era.
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Večerskis, Donatas. "Intersection of intersubjectivity and corporeality. The phenomenological perspective". Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20090519_083444-55934.
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There are explored interconnections between corporeality and intersubjectivity in this thesis. Intersubjectivity is reflected in the light of openness of person’s thinking to otherness and in the light of Other’s alliance for possibility of recognition. Corporeality is perceived as a perspective of human being in the world; the research on the non-objective corporeality is being carried out along with connection to phenomena. It is being considered how fields of corporeality and intersubjectivity interconnect together and what this bond tells to us.
The aim of this thesis is to reveal, while analyzing fields of intersubjectivity and corporeality, the origin of intersubjectivity in experiences of various alterations, the particularity of corporeality and the intersections of both fields in the intercorporeality. In this thesis the dual research strategy is used: the philosophical texts are being analyzed (the major attention is directed to those texts of the authors, which are represented by the phenomenological tradition) and there is a constant turning back to the experience descriptions of phenomena.
The thesis consists of the introduction, three sections, conclusion and the list of literature used. The structure of the thesis is predetermined by the fulfillment of the aim set: the research of intersubjectivity leads to the field of corporeality, and the investigation of the latter finally opens up the new aspect of intersubjectivity – intercorporeality, which as the... [to full text]Disertacijoje tyrinėjamos kūniškumo ir intersubjektyvumo plotmės bei jų sąsajos. Intersubjektyvumas disertacijoje analizuojamas žmogaus mąstymo atvirumo kitybei ir Kito svetimumo pažinimo galimybės šviesoje. Kūniškumas apmąstomas kaip žmogaus buvimo pasaulyje perspektyva, atliekamas neobjektyvizuojantis kūniškumo ir su juo susijusių reiškinių tyrimas. Analizuojama, kaip tarpusavyje susijusios intersubjektyvumo ir kūniškumo plotmės, ir ką ši sąsaja byloja. Disertacijos tyrimo tikslas – tyrinėjant intersubjektyvumo, interkūniškumo plotmes bei jų sąsajas, atskleisti intersubjektyvumo kilmę įvairialypėse kitybės patirtyse, kūniškumo fenomeno specifiškumą ir abiejų šių plotmių saitus bei abipusę jų priklausomybę kaip interkūniškumą. Disertacijoje naudojama dvejopa tyrimo strategija: analizuojami filosofų tekstai, pagrindinį dėmesį sutelkiant į fenomenologinę tradiciją atstovaujančių autorių tekstus, ir nuolat atsigręžiama į patirtinį aprašomų fenomenų lauką. Disertaciją sudaro įvadas, trys dalys, išvados ir literatūros sąrašas. Disertacijos struktūrą lėmė išsikelto tyrimo tikslo įgyvendinimas: interubjektyvumo tyrimas atveda prie kūniškumo plotmės, o pastarosios tyrimas galiausiai atveria naują intersubjektyvumo aspektą – interkūniškumą, kuris, kaip abiejų plotmių sąsaja, yra tyrinėjamas paskutinėje dalyje.
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MELO, CIDIANE VAZ. "COMMUNICATION AND INTERSUBJECTIVITY IN PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY AND TECHNIQUE". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2017. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=33335@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
A comunicação, concebida como fenômeno intersubjetivo, tecida nas intersecções dos espaços psíquicos comuns e partilhados, revela-se fundamental para a construção do psiquismo. Como noção, a centralidade da comunicação mostra-se inegável na teoria e na técnica psicanalítica desde os seus primórdios. Neste trabalho, buscou-se investigar as origens do conceito de comunicação na teoria psicanalítica, argumentando tratar-se de uma noção sustentada pelo paradigma da intersubjetividade. Esta tese é estruturada em quatro eixos e apresentada em quatro artigos. No primeiro eixo, propõe-se a explicitação da trajetória freudiana em torno da noção de comunicação, desde suas propostas mais voltadas para a construção de um modelo de aparelho psíquico até considerações que fornecem as bases para os primórdios de uma teoria da intersubjetividade. No segundo, discute-se a noção de comunicação para D. Winnicott, tendo em vista suas propostas remetidas à teoria da intersubjetividade, sobretudo a partir da relação mãe-bebê. No terceiro, buscou-se explicitar e discutir as contribuições de S. Ferenczi sobre a comunicação em uma perspectiva intersubjetiva a partir do conceito de sintonia afetiva. No quarto, buscou-se evidenciar as bases da comunicação na família a partir dos conceitos de aparelho psíquico grupal e familiar, ambos constituídos intersubjetivamente. A partir deste percurso, evidencia-se que a noção de comunicação, do ponto de vista psicanalítico, é construída e sustentada na intersubjetividade.
Communication, conceived as an intersubjective phenomenon, woven in the intersections of common and shared psychic spaces, proves to be fundamental for the construction of the psyche. As a notion, the centrality of communication has been undeniable in psychoanalytic theory and technique since its beginnings. In this work, we sought to investigate the origins of the concept of communication in psychoanalytic theory, arguing that it is a notion supported by the paradigm of intersubjectivity. This thesis is structured in four axes and presented in four articles. In the first axis, it is proposed to explain the Freudian trajectory around the notion of communication, from its proposals more focused on the construction of a psychic apparatus model to considerations that provide the basis for the beginnings of a theory of intersubjectivity. In the second, the notion of communication for D. Winnicott is discussed, considering his proposals referring to the theory of intersubjectivity, especially from the mother-baby relationship. In the third one, S. Ferenczi s contributions on communication in an intersubjective perspective based on the concept of affective tuning were explained and discussed. In the fourth, it was tried to evidence the bases of the communication in the family from the concepts of group and familiar psychic apparatus, both constituted intersubjectively. From this path, it is evident that the notion of communication, from the psychoanalytic point of view, is constructed and sustained in the intersubjectivity.
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Fiamenghi, Geraldo Antônio. "Interaction between infants : understanding intersubjectivity and emotional expression". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/21239.
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I have tested the hypothesis that infants are born with a capacity for social interacting and, that from an early age they can engage in an intersubjective relationship, not only with their mothers, but with other infants. I also investigated the sensitiveness of paired infants to the motives and feelings of their partners. I measured turn-taking, imitation, and both local and general bodily emotional expressions of their partners. I measured turn-taking, imitation, and both local and general bodily emotional expressions of a reciprocal or complementary form. Results show that 6 month-olds try to make contact, but, they do not sustain interaction. As a result, invitations for interactions occur frequently, but they are not always followed by appropriate responses. The infants are very interested and very friendly to one another, but as a result of their inability to keep attention, they often show indifference. At 8 months, infants show less indifference. They keep their interactions going for longer periods, and show much more interest in the other infant, with no irritation. At 9 months, another change is evident. Interactions and invitations are more balanced, meaning that the older infants are trying to give the partner turns in interactive strategies. At all ages, girls were more interactive, showing more emotional expressions than boys. Imitation is present in all ages, and at a very significant rate. It seems that infants use imitations to assist and regulate interaction: to start it, to keep it with more positive emotional expressions. This result is opposite to the differences between boys and girls observed in the Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal studies, where girls were more responsive. At all ages, infants are very attentive to their mirror images, which attract them and excite a richer variety of expressions than they display when faced with another infant. An important finding is that the 6-month-olds showed clear evidence of self-recognition in their emotional expressions and interactions.
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Williams, Heath. "Another in the mirror: Husserlian phenomenology and intersubjectivity". Thesis, Williams, Heath (2013) Another in the mirror: Husserlian phenomenology and intersubjectivity. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2013. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/20280/.
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Feather, Howard. "Intersubjectivity and contemporary social theory : the everyday as critique". Thesis, City University London, 2000. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/11877/.
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Traditional analyses of popular or everyday culture have been couched in terms of, on the one hand, variants of the Frankfurt School view that it distorts or offers a false consciousness of an underlying reality, whilst on the other, the response from discourse theorists and more traditional forms of social constructionism has been philosophically conventionalist in arguing that discourses, definitions and labelling activities directly construct meaning. The argument of this thesis is that it is possible, via Dummett's reading of Frege, to construct a realist account of meaning or, more strictly, sense, which preserves an element of rationality in everyday cultural reception without thereby effecting a radical relativisation of the notion of what constitutes rational processes and practices. This is achieved via Dummett's Context Principle, through which it is argued that the actual meaning of an utterance is not given directly by the conventional meaning of its constituent terms and phrases, but rather that the object picked out, its reference, depends on the context in which the utterance occurs. Hence the terms and phrases offer no more than a clue, a route to the reference, not the actuality of the reference. Consequently, whilst the sedimented meanings of the elements from which an utterance is composed provide a structuring of meaning, the actual constitution of meaning will depend on the context. The thesis explores the view that meaning or sense has an open-ended, but ontological quality by examining a variety of issues and themes including reflexivity, forms of conventionalism, conceptions of the everyday, perspectives in phenomenological social theory and philosophy, rationality, semiotics, reference, discursivity, spatial and temporal locations of sense. It counterposes the emphasis on the contextual structuring of meaning as an effect of the subject's everyday appropriation of background routines, to passive constructions of subjectivity as offered by the Frankfurt School, and what it sees as overly direct constructions of meaning via classification systems in social constructionist approaches, which again have a reductive effect on the subject's role in the production of meaning.
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Ionescu, Andrei. "Disrupted Intersubjectivity: Paralysis and Invasion in Ian McEwan's Works". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3426756.
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This doctoral dissertation aims to investigate two classes of phenomena creating failures of understanding in social interaction, which I will refer to as ‘paralysis’ and ‘invasion.’ Both paralysis and invasion should be understood as disrupted forms of intersubjectivity, the former being characterized by a lack/deficiency of ways of relating to others, and the latter by an unnecessary surplus. One of my leading hypotheses is that paralysis and invasion are complementary both theoretically and experientially: since paralysis refers to a lack and invasion to a surplus, the two concepts are theoretically complementary; however, since paralytic ways of dealing with alterity often breed invasion during concrete social encounters, the two classes of phenomena are also experientially complementary. By studying the literary representation of these phenomena in a selection of Ian McEwan’s literary works (Homemade, On Chesil Beach, Enduring Love, and Atonement), I hope to shed more light on both the nature and functions of literature and on the structure of human relationships in general.
This project can be considered, theoretically and methodologically, as part of the developing field of cognitive literary studies. In contrast to most of the research done in this field until now, though, my thesis not only aims to use cognitive scientific theories in order to clarify literary issues, but also to investigate to what extent can literature itself contribute to the process of understanding the workings of the human mind. By employing what Marco Caracciolo calls a cognitive-thematic approach to literature, i.e. an investigation of the metacognitive issues staged and reflected upon in literary works, I aim to challenge and refine contemporary cognitive and philosophical approaches to intersubjectivity and give directions for further theoretical and empirical research.La presente tesi di dottorato si propone di esaminare due classi di fenomeni che creano difficoltà di comprensione nell’interazione sociale. Questi fenomeni che chiamo “paralisi” e “invasione” consistono in alterazioni dell’intersoggettività: la paralisi è caratterizzata dalla mancanza o insufficenza di relazioni con gli altri, l’invasione invece appare come un surplus innecessario di relazioni. Una delle mie ipotesi principali è che la paralisi e l'invasione sono complementari sia in senso teorico sia in senso esperienziale: dato che la paralisi si riferisce ad una mancanza e l'invasione ad un surplus, i due concetti sono complementari teoricamente; inoltre, poiché le attitudini paralitiche di fronte all’alterità spesso generano invasione in incontri sociali concreti, le due classi di fenomeni sono anche esperienzialmente complementari. Attraverso lo studio delle rapprezentazioni letterarie di questi fenomeni in varie opere di Ian McEwan (Homemade, On Chesil Beach, Enduring Love e Atonement), la tesi mira chiarire la natura e le funzioni della letteratura e al tempo stesso di capire meglio la forma delle relazioni umane da una prospettiva più ampia. Questo progetto può essere considerato, teoricamente e metodologicamente, come parte di un campo emergente, quello degli approcci cognitivi alla letteratura. A differenza della maggior parte delle ricerche svolte in questo ambito fino ad ora, tuttavia, la presente tesi non mira solo ad utilizzare le teorie cognitive per chiarire questioni di letteratura, ma anche ad indagare in che misura può la stessa letteratura contribuire all comprensione dei meccanismi della mente umana. Utilizzando quello che Marco Caracciolo chiama un approccio cognitivo-tematico alla letteratura, cioè un'indagine delle questioni metacognitive messe in scena e elaborate dalle opere letterarie, la tesi si propone di discutere e perfezionare approcci cognitivi e filosofici contemporanei all’intersoggettività, dando indicazioni per ulteriori ricerche teoriche ed empiriche.
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Jacquet, Eric. "« On est semblant ! » : symbolisation et intersubjectivité dans des groupes thérapeutiques de jeunes enfants autistes, psychotiques et instables pathologiques". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO20013/document.
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Le processus de symbolisation, en tant qu’il a pris forme dans les liens intersubjectifs, est étudié à partir d’une clinique issue d’un dispositif de soin groupal de très jeunes enfants, souffrant de pathologies « aux limites » de la symbolisation et des capacités intersubjectives. Ces groupes constituent un terrain privilégié d’observation des premières modalités d’auto-saisissement, dans les liens interpersonnels, des processus de pensée et de leurs avatars. Il ressort de l’analyse du dispositif et du processus, la nécessité d’un repositionnement théorico-clinique par rapport à des modèles apparaissant le plus souvent mal articulés ou insuffisamment instruits d’une clinique du proto-représentatif et de l’intersensoriel. Il convient, en outre, de tendre vers une complexification, dans l’approche de la dialectique du cadre et du processus, qui envisage la limite comme une construction interne à partir des boucles intersubjectives. C’est dans cette perspective que sont repérés divers niveaux d’« épreuve du cadre » et du « co-éprouvé» en groupe, apparaissant comme autant de tentatives d’organisation des représentations de choses, en référence donc à la symbolisation primaire. Sont envisagés quatre axes organisateurs du processus thérapeutique groupal : la disposition du cadre à la potentialité de sens ; la mise en représentation différenciée des éléments humains et non humains du cadre grâce à l’avènement de la pensée animique ; la transitionnalisation du surmoi préoedipien à travers le « bon usage » de l’interdit du toucher ; le travail du double au sein duquel la fonction des imitations est essentielle. Ils conduisent à appréhender des manières prélatentes de symboliser, intelligibles aux charnières des théories de la symbolisation, de l’intersubjectivité, de l’intersensorialité et de la sensori-motricité. La question des différents états du signe et celle du statut métapsychologique des imitations sont notamment au centre de ces articulationsThe process of symbolization, as it takes shape through intersubjective bonds, is observed in a clinical study using a group setting of young children suffering with pathologies «at the limits» of symbolization and the capacity to be in intersubjective relationships. These groups are a privileged field of observation of primary modes of self-reflexion, in interpersonal relationships, of thought processes and the eventual mishaps. Analysis of setting and process show the necessity of repositioning clinical theory concerning current models, which are often poorly defined or insufficiently linked with clinical evidence of representative prototype and intersensoriality. It would be interesting as well to move towards a more complex approach of setting and process, which would consider the limit as an internal construction emanating from intersubjective feedback. From this viewpoint, different levels of “setting tests” and “shared experiences” in the group can be identified, appearing as attempts to organize representations of things, in reference to primary symbolization. Four axes are presented to describe the organization of process in therapeutic groups : the disposition of the setting towards a potential for meaning ; the organisation of representation as being differenciated from human and non-human elements of the setting as a result of the onset of animic thought ; the transitionnalization of the pre-oedipal superego through the “good utilization” of the interdiction of touch ; the intervention of the “double” with which the imitation function is essential. These lead to the apprehension of prelatent possibilities of symbolizing, yet intelligible at the junction of theories of symbolization, intersubjectivity, intersensoriality, and sensori-motricity. The question of different conditions of the “sign” and of the metapsychological status of imitations is especially important to these articulations
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Jones, Pauline School of English UNSW. "Intersubjectivity and learning: a socio-semantic investigation of classroom discourse". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of English, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/23306.
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This thesis is concerned with the shaping of pedagogic subjectivities through classroom talk. It addresses a number of research questions, namely: In what ways do forms of intersubjectivity created in classroom talk shape the learning for children in two socioeconomically disadvantaged classrooms? How do teachers??? variant readings of official curriculum documents impact on classroom practices? How might the role of the teacher in such classrooms be usefully understood and articulated? The research described in the thesis draws on socio-cultural approaches to language, learning and pedagogy. Systemic functional linguistics, which models cognition as meaning, provides the major theoretical position together with tools for close linguistic analysis (Halliday 1994, 1999). Vygotsky???s complementary view of learning as the consequence of joint activity in semioticised environments highlights the role of the mediating agent (1978). Bernstein???s theory of pedagogic relations provides a useful framework for understanding the circulation of cultural dynamics through locally situated pedagogic settings (1990, 1996, 2000). The research adopts a case study approach; data comprises talk produced during a complete curriculum cycle in each primary classroom as well as interviews, written texts and official curriculum documents. The analysis proceeds through phases; that is, it initially describes the curriculum macrogenres (Christie 2002) then moves to more detailed linguistic analyses of prototypical texts from each setting. Mood, speech function and appraisal (Eggins & Slade 1997, Martin & Rose 2003) are systems recognised in the SFL model as those which enact intersubjective relations. Close attention to their deployment in classroom interactions reveals much about how broad social roles are enacted, how the moral regulation of the learners is accomplished and how subtle differences in learning take place. The analysis reveals considerable difference in the educational knowledge under negotiation. In one classroom, learners are stranded in localised, everyday discourses; while in the other, learners are given access to more highly valued curriculum discourses. It is argued that the interactive practices which produce such difference result from teachers??? readings of the official curriculum; readings which are shaped by particular philosophical orientations to curriculum, together with features of the local settings and their relations to the official pedagogic field.
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Bradfield, Bruce Christopher. "Intersubjectivity and the schizophrenic experience: a hermeneutic phenomoneological exploration of being-in-relation". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002449.
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This research project has its origin and motivation in work done by Lysaker, Johannesen and Lysaker (2005), which explored the experience of being as a person with schizophrenia in relation to other individuals. The researchers examined the nature of the schizophrenic experience from within the framework of the dialogical model of self, and presented schizophrenic intersubjectivity as a potentially horrifying and disintegrating experience. Lysaker et al (2005) discuss the notion that the individual self unfolds as a composite structure of multiple selves, existing in dialogical interaction with one another. Their research aimed to show that the individual with schizophrenia experiences difficulty tolerating this dialogue on an intrapsychic level. Because interpersonal exchange requires that individuals adopt a variety of self-other modes of relatedness, suggest Lysaker et al, interpersonal engagement for the person with schizophrenia is disclosed as profoundly threatening (ibid.) Moving from the above-mentioned research, this project aims through a hermeneutic phenomenological process to clarify and narrate the subtleties of the intersubjective experience, as that experience is disclosed in the lived world of a person with schizophrenia. How does such an individual experience self in relation to other? How does such an individual negotiate their sense of self in terms of their dialogicality? The phenomenological hermeneutic method, as shaped by such theorists as Gadamer (1976), Heidegger (1962) and Buber (1970), will emerge as the interpretive platform upon which these questions are approached.
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Polge-Loï, Virginie. "Il n'y a pas de rapport interculturel : vers une approche psycho-socio-pragmatique et dialogique de l'enseignement des langues". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MON30031/document.
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L'approche interculturelle en didactique des langues connaît actuellement une crise. Les praticiens rencontrent des difficultés quant à sa mise en place et à son évaluation. En outre, elle montre son incapacité à sortir d'une dérive culturaliste.Cette thèse propose d'abord de clarifier la définition de l'interculturalité, de son rôle dans les échanges verbaux et dans la constitution du sujet parlant.Pour cela, elle s'attache aux relations qui unissent les trois pôles déterminants de la situation de communication : la langue, la culture et le sujet. Une analyse de corpus d'interactions écrites asynchrones tente de déterminer quelles influences les uns peuvent avoir sur les autres. Au final, cela pose la question de la liberté laissée au sujet parlant lors de la genèse du discours.C'est à travers une approche psycho-socio-pragmatique et la considération de la dimension dialogique du langage que des solutions didactiques semblent apparaître. Cette étude suggère de recentrer l'enseignement des langues sur les compétences linguistiques et communicatives et sur un accès indirect à l'interculturalité par la maîtrise de l'intersubjectivité discursiveThe intercultural approach to foreign language teaching is currently undergoing a crisis. It has encountered implementation and assessment difficulties and the major risk is that of falling into the downward spiral of culturalism.This thesis aims to clarify the definition of interculturality, its role in verbal interaction and in the construction of the speaker.It then addresses the relations between the three areas of communicative situations : language, culture and subject. Analysis of a corpus of written asynchronous interaction attempts to determine how these three poles influence each other. More precisely, the question is : how much liberty is left to the subject during speech processing?According to this study, a psycho-socio-pragmatic approach and consideration taken into the dialogic dimension of language would be helpful for some didactic purposes. This study suggests re-focussing language teaching on language and communicative competence and indirect access to interculturality by the mastery of discursive intersubjectivity
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Hugo, Johan. "The other before us? : A Deleuzean critique of phenomenological intersubjectivity /". Thesis, Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1044.
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Verhage, Florentien. "The rhythm of embodied encounters: intersubjectivity in Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology". Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32530.
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This thesis takes its starting point from Maurice Merleau-Ponty's insight that in order to make sense of the experience of others, one needs to describe how differences are perceived from the perspective of the subject's own body. This study of intersubjective interactions is approached from what I call a 'broad phenomenological' point of view. 'Broad phenomenology' encompasses (i) a more traditional and ontological notion of phenomenology (as read through Merleau-Ponty's writings), (ii) a rereading of this phenomenology through a feminist lens (notably through Luce Irigaray's work), and (iii) a contemporary cognitive scientific notion of embodied cognition. These three approaches have in common that they are concerned with the lived experience of particular, embodied persons who are dynamically related to the world and to other persons within this world. I present a phenomenology of difference that is also a phenomenology of birth, volatility, and implication. Taking my lead from Husserl, Merleau-Ponty, and contemporary feminist thought, I argue that through encountering others we are both actively shaping and passively undergoing a continual transformation. In addition, by analysing Merleau-Pony's notions of 'flesh' [chair] and 'divergence' [écart] together with Heidegger's 'abyss' [Abgrund], I uncover an ontological birthplace of intersubjectivity that can no longer be characterised by categories and oppositions. Instead it is a place of radical openness and interbeing [interêtre]. This does not imply that the intersubjective relation is always friendly and safe. On the contrary, the exchange between subjects is volatile and thus it is always open to re-volution.Le point de départ de cette thèse est l'idée de Maurice Merleau-Ponty qu'afin de comprendre l'expérience des autres, nous devons décrire comment les différences sont perçues à partir de la perspective du corps propre du sujet percevant. Le point de vue de cette étude des interactions intersubjectives est ce que nous appelons 'phénoménologie au sens large'. Cette 'phénoménologie au sens large' inclut (i) une notion plus traditionnelle, ontologique, de la phénoménologie (telle que lue à travers Merleau-Ponty), (ii) une relecture de cette phénoménologie à travers une lentille féministe (notamment à travers l'œuvre de Luce Irigaray), et (iii) une notion contemporaine, cognitive et scientifique de la cognition incarnée. Ces trois approches ont en commun d'avoir pour sujet l'expérience vécue de personnes incarnées particulières qui sont en rapport dynamique avec le monde ainsi qu'avec d'autres personnes au sein de ce monde. Je présente une phénoménologie de la différence qui est également une phénoménologie de la naissance, de la volatilité et de l'implication. Prenant comme point de départ Husserl, Merleau-Ponty et la pensée féministe contemporaine, je défends la thèse qu'au travers de nos rencontres avec autrui nous formons activement ainsi que subissions passivement une transformation continue. De plus, en analysant les notions merleau-pontienne de 'chair' et d' 'écart' avec la notion heideggérienne d'abysse [Abgrund], nous découvrons un lieu de naissance ontologique de l'intersubjectivité qui ne peut plus être caractérisé par les catégories et les oppositions ; il est plutôt question d'un lieu d'ouverture radicale et d' 'e
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Smith, André P. "Medicalizing intersubjectivity : diagnostic practices and the self in Alzheimer's disease". Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36792.
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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a condition marked by progressive intellectual decline and memory loss, which typically affects individuals over the age of 60. Its origins are unknown but genetic factors are suspected in some cases. There is limited information about the subjective experience of AD although it is often described as a calamity that inevitably destroys the self irrespective of its victims' social circumstances. This dissertation offers an alternative to this nihilistic portrayal that draws on a critical phenomenological framework. It explores the loss of self as an intersubjective phenomenon that is mediated by three contexts: (1) Western representations of the self as autonomous and individualistic; (2) the public description of AD; and (3) the biomedical practices that construct AD as a diagnostic object.The dissertation examines the experiences of 16 patients and 37 family members who participated in a multi-disciplinary assessment at a dementia clinic. The participants also include 14 clinicians and staff members from the clinic. The findings are derived from a prospective study that includes in-depth, at-home interviews and observations of clinical assessment activities and research-based genetic counseling. The dissertation examines how memory trouble interferes with the intersubjective fabric of everyday life in families as affected participants lose the ability to meaningfully reciprocate on the basis of their individualistic identities. The analysis emphasizes the role of the clinical assessment, diagnosis, and public description in restoring intersubjective order. A salient aspect of this process is the way in which medicalized interpretations of memory trouble facilitate reinterpretation of the eroding self as being animated by pathology. The self is thus rendered meaningful again as it is being indexed to lay descriptions of what people do and say in AD. The analysis also considers how this process extends to participants who came to perceive themselves as victims of AD although they were assessed as not having a dementia disorder. The dissertation finally considers the impact of acquiring genetic knowledge about AD on interpretations of the self. Overall, the research underscores the loss of self in AD as a phenomenological process that is mediated by familial and institutional contexts.
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Brady, John E. "Investigating the Role of Intersubjectivity in a Secondary Argumentative Classroom". The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1584539458472346.
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Lancaster, Christopher. "REFRAMING EDUCATIONAL SHAME AND WORRY: UNDERSERVED STUDENTS AND NARRATIVE INTERSUBJECTIVITY". OpenSIUC, 2021. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1892.
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We place deficit-model labels on students who fall behind educational expectations and standards. Public discourses about underserved students pervade U.S-American politics and popular culture and tend to portray these students in a negative light. This study aims to uncover similarities between the dominant societal narratives about underserved students and the stories they tell about themselves on social media. I argue that the labels we use and stories we tell about underserved students affect the students’ identities. I ask three research questions: How, if at all, do underserved college students replicate dominant narratives about education in their self-narrations? How, if at all, do students enrolled in developmental education describe other underserved students? How, if at all, do former underserved college students replicate dominant narratives about education in their self-narrations? I analyzed posts from thirty underserved students on social media sites and the replies in their comments from people who have completed developmental education. I used a combination of critical rhetoric (McKerrow, 1989; 1993), intersubjective rhetoric (Brummett, 1976; 1982), and narrative reasoning (Fisher, 1984) to guide data collection and analysis. Results indicate that the students whose narratives appear in this study express shame and worry about taking developmental courses. Their narratives reflect dominant societal narratives about “remedial” students. The narratives analyzed for this study reflect some of the pejorative uses of the word “remedial” and the image of underserved students portrayed in the dominant societal narrative. The students express shame and worry about their futures and academic prospects. Many former underserved students shared their own stories and offered supportive messages in their replies.
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Stasiak, Lauren Anne. "Victorian professionals, intersubjectivity, and the fin-de-siecle gothic text /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9491.
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Merlo, Seth. "Narrative, story, intersubjectivity: Formulating a continuum for examining transmedia storytelling". Thesis, Merlo, Seth (2014) Narrative, story, intersubjectivity: Formulating a continuum for examining transmedia storytelling. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2014. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/23887/.
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This thesis begins with the premise that by challenging preconceptions about narrative and story as concepts that are in some way already determined, it becomes possible to open a space in which alternative understandings of them can be proposed. Such a space is considered necessary in order to account for the ways in which contemporary creative practices such as transmedia storytelling, in which the storytelling experience is distributed across multiple mediums and environments, may be said to require such alternatives in order to explain how they operate as fiction. Fiction, in this thesis, is considered a particular condition a work attempts to establish in which its own reality and organisation takes precedent over, or reduces, the “ultimate” reality of the real world.
It is proposed that creative practices such as transmedia storytelling are consistent with the conditions of the current historical moment, identified in this thesis as a convergence culture, or a culture which emerges at the nexus of various social, cultural, technological, political and economic forces without being reducible to any one of these. The chief characteristic of such a culture is the flow of content across its various instantiations; specifically, it is a culture in which the interlocutor, as someone engaged with the work, relates to mediums and the intentional objects held within them according to a contingent logic, which is conceptualised in this thesis as precariousness. This concept forms the basis for a model of relational aesthetics that could be located within the paradigm of convergence culture to explain how practices such as transmedia storytelling rely on the subjectivities of those engaged in them to resolve the precariousness inherent in their formation. Within this space, narrative and story are reconceptualised respectively as the formational and aesthetic planes of a fictional work, which are mediated by a process of intersubjective exchange. The aim of this thesis is therefore the formulation of a continuum of these three core concepts within the broad category of fiction which may be used to examine transmedia storytelling specifically, and fictional works in general. It is this continuum which forms the heart of the thesis, an examination of the fundamental concepts of narrative, story and intersubjectivity and their interdependence as a way to reconsider how we think about the possible richness and diversity the storytelling experience may bring.
The thesis takes up each of these concepts in turn before turning to an examination of transmedia storytelling directly. In applying the continuum to this creative practice, the model of a narrative arcology, or superstructure of possible linkages between mediums and nodes in transmedia work, is developed. Following this is a presentation of a substantial creative project which attempts to apply the theoretical concepts developed to a practical environment. The project takes the form of a conceptual document for a transmedia adaptation of William Shakespeare’s The Tempest, and is discussed from the perspective of a creator or project manager.
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Atesoslu, Guclu. "Intersubjectivity And The Problem Of Freedom In The Philosophy Of Hegel". Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu/upload/1011857/index.pdf.
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Hegel's system, with a purpose of being the newest philosophy, represents a turning point in the history of thought. In contrast to the philosophical thoguht of Enlightenment which seperates branches of knowledge, or that of philosophy, Hegel tries to recombine them. In this study, I intend to reveal the close connection of the concepts appeared in the two works of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, namely, The Phenomenology of Spirit (Phä
nomenologie des Geistes) and Elements of the Philosophy of Right (Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts). These concepts are consciousness, self-consciousness, desire, recognition, freedom and intersubjectivity that are very important for considering self-actualization of the individual and for understanding also the process of human socialization. In this sense, Hegel&rsquo
s philosophy, in general, is an attempt to analyze modern society through the light of these conceptions which are still central to our aspirations as reflective social beings.
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Ramsay, Christine Elizabeth. "Masculinity and processes of intersubjectivity in the films of David Cronenberg". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/nq27318.pdf.
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Vedeler, Dankert. "Intentionality as a basis for the emergence of intersubjectivity in infancy". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten, 1993. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-115510.
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Gallagher, Christine Marie. "Consciousness and the Demands of Personhood: Intersubjectivity and Second-Person Ethics". University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1333695927.
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Long, Nici Helene. "Therapeutic storytelling in a Pupil Referral Unit : the story of intersubjectivity". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/therapeutic-storytelling-in-a-pupil-referral-unit-the-story-of-intersubjectivity(882def4e-c208-4ff4-a6b8-d0a33a1896cc).html.
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Background: This thesis reflects upon a heuristic study of a Storytelling Programme which took place in a KS3 Pupil Referral Unit. Previous experiences in the field, as a community storyteller, revealed the power of stories to calm and engage young people. In my community work I had seen that storytelling particularly engaged those considered ‘hard to reach.’ This research was designed to explore the storytelling process further with the aim of understanding more about the impact of the process and to understand the key components as identified by the young people themselves. Methodology: A heuristic research methodology was adopted within this study. The Storytelling Programme was delivered to twelve young people at a Pupil Referral Unit in the North West of England. Five of these participants were interviewed along with their teacher, and their reflections were integrated with my own to create a crystallized understanding of the storytelling process, whilst also remaining true to the unique experiences of each participant. Findings: Heuristic analysis of the Storytelling Programme revealed that young participants developed new personal narratives that reflected new ways of being and thinking. Change was demonstrated by the young people expressing a more positive sense of self. A striking finding, echoed by all participants, was the significance of the relationship in facilitating the therapeutic change process. Discussion: Whilst some of the changes could be linked to particular stories, the participants could not articulate whether their increased sense of well-being came from the stories or more generally from the programme or my ‘way of being’ (Rogers, 1980). It appears that stories and the therapeutic relationship intertwine within the storytelling process to create opportunities for therapeutic change. The findings of this study suggest that story is a particularly useful indirect medium to engage ‘hard to reach’ young people who have disorganised attachment styles. Storytelling offers the opportunity to place the intersubjective relationship as central, fostering an implicitly nurturing and co-regulating dyad that can offer reparation as well as the opportunities for catharsis and the development of emotional literacy through the processing of the story material. Conclusion: It appears that storytelling intertwines the interpersonal relationship with the stories to create a process which is both interpersonal and intrapersonal. The storytelling process appears to facilitate dyadic co-regulation, which may be an essential first step in the therapeutic change process. Once in a state of calm the young people could connect to the story stimuli and develop new ways of being and thinking. Whilst stories appear to promote changes at both the relational and semantic level, the findings from this study suggest that the implicit relational changes had primacy in facilitating significant therapeutic change.
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Powers, Niki. "Culture and expression in mother-infant vocal play : do vowels regulate intersubjectivity?" Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/2665.
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Three studies explored how vowel sounds are utilised by mothers and infants in the first year to regulate emotional expression. In Study 1, a cultural comparison was carried out. 6 English-speaking and 6 Japanese-speaking mother-infant dyads were filmed in their homes (3 male and 3 female infants in each country), when the infants were aged 4 months. Analysis was carried out of vowel sounds produced by mothers and infants and of bodily contact in 2 defined emotional situations (‘engagement’ and ‘disengagement’). The findings presented here suggest that acoustic features of vowel sounds (pitch, intensity and duration) were found to be coordinated with bodily contact and correlated with specific emotional communicative contexts. Study 2 and 3 were only carried out in Scotland with English-speaking participants. In Study 2, an ‘emotional voice’ experiment was developed to test 11 infant’s reactions to changes in pitch variation in mother vowel sounds, in specific emotional situations. In Study 3, 158 adult participants were asked to judge if isolated infant vowel-like calls (which had previously been coded for emotional content) expressed distinct emotions, and whether they felt any emotional response to the sounds. The findings suggest that acoustic features of vowel sounds appear to be utilised differently in ‘engaged’ and ‘disengaged’ interactions and in Japan and Scotland, suggesting that emotional communication develops in culturally specific ways. Results suggest that adults may be able to recognise emotional meanings in infants’ early vowel sounds, and that infants often react in distinctive ways to emotional changes in their mothers’ voices.
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Grennan, Simon. "Comic Strips and the making of meaning: emotion, intersubjectivity and narrative drawing". Thesis, University of the Arts London, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.650318.
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Frie, Roger. "Subjectivity and intersubjectivity in the work of Sarte, Binswanger, Lacan and Habermas". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294436.
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Bradfield, Bruce Christopher. "The phenomenology of psychiatric diagnosis: an exploration of the experience of intersubjectivity". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002450.
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This work is born out of previous research, conducted by this researcher, into the effects of psychiatric labelling on individuals thus differentiated. Informed by the investigative thrust of phenomenological inquiry, it is the aim herein to provide an illumination of the dramatic confrontation of the labelled individual with the classificatory branding that is his or her label. The question asked is: What is the experience of the labelled individual, and how does the label function as a ‘scientific fact’ (Kiesler, 2000) suffused within his being? In answering these questions, the researcher aims to abandon his own expectations, as is fitting with the phenomenological method, and to devote his sympathies entirely to the subjective disclosures which, it is hoped, the participants will offer. On this point, an obvious tension exists insofar as expectation and hypothesis necessarily constitute the inception of any research endeavour; and so, the notion of a complete bracketing of assumption and anticipation seems methodologically vague. The explorative impetus within this dissertation aims towards an elucidation of the effect of psychiatric diagnosis on the labelled individual, in terms of the individual’s experience of being-with-others. The impact of the offering of the label upon the individual’s interpersonal and intersubjective presence will be explored so as to establish whether psychiatric labelling unfolds as a disconnection of the individual from his co-existence with others.
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Macrae, Mitchell. "Between Us We Can Kill a Fly: Intersubjectivity and Elizabethan Revenge Tragedy". Thesis, University of Oregon, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/23131.
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Using recent scholarship on intersubjectivity and cultural cognitive narratology, this project explores the disruption and reformation of early modern identity in Elizabethan revenge tragedies. The purpose of this dissertation is to demonstrate how revenge tragedies contribute to the prevalence of a dialogical rather than monological self in early modern culture.
My chapter on Thomas Kyd's The Spanish Tragedy synthesizes Debora Shuger’s work on the cultural significance of early modern mirrors--which posits early modern self-recognition as a typological process--with recent scholarship on the early modern dialogical self. The chapter reveals how audiences and mirrors function in the play as cognitive artifacts that enable complex experiences of intersubjectivity.
In my chapter on Shakespeare's Titus Andronicus, I trace how characters construct new identities in relation to their shared suffering while also exploring intersubjectivity’s potential violence. When characters in Titus imagine the inward experience of others, they project a plausible narrative of interiority derived from inwardness’s external signifiers (such as tears, pleas, or gestures). These projections and receptions between characters can lead to reciprocated sympathy or violent aggression.
My reading of John Marston’s Antonio’s Revenge explores revenge as a mode of competition. Marston suggests a similarity between the market conditions of dramatic performance (competition between playwrights, acting companies, and rival theaters) and the convention of one-upmanship in revenge tragedy, i.e. the need to surpass preceding acts of violence. While other Elizabethan revenge tragedies represent reciprocity and collusion between characters as important aspects of intersubjective self-reintegration, Marston’s play emphasizes competition and rivalry as the dominant force that shapes his characters.
My final chapter provides an analysis of Shakespeare's Hamlet. I argue that recent scholarship on intersubjectivity and cognitive cultural studies can help us re-historicize the nature of Hamlet’s “that within which passes show.” Hamlet’s desire for the eradication of his consciousness explores the consequences of feeling disconnected from others in a culture wherein identity, consciousness, and even memory itself depend on interpersonal relations.
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Thumser, Jean-Daniel. "L'ego, son expression, sa vie, sa naturalisation : une crise des sciences de la subjectivité". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEE086/document.
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Ce travail thématique et historique a pour objectif de mettre en lumière les difficultés que l'on peut rencontrer lorsque nous tentons de saisir ce que signifie la vie de l'ego d'un point de vue phénoménologique et scientifique. Les questions qui nous animent sont les suivantes et rythment le travail présent : que signifie précisément dire « Je » ? ; Quelle est la caractérisation de l'ego dans la phénoménologie husserlienne ? Dans quelle mesure la vie de l'ego peut-elle être naturalisée ?Notre cheminement suit les traces du corpus husserlien, en ce que nous considérons qu'il est tout d'abord nécessaire d'éclaircir le sens du terme ego dans l'optique d'une « phénoménologie analytique ». Cela nous a permis de comprendre que l'indexical « Je » peut être la marque d'une « ingénuité descriptive » qui consiste en une incapacité à décrire pleinement une situation ou la subjectivité exprimant un indexical. Seule une entente phénoménologique du « Je » peut modifier cette conception en ce qu'elle induit la présence d'une subjectivité en chair et en os, un Nullpunkt irréductible à quelque réification que ce soit. Le langage phénoménologique, en plus de valoriser la part subjective du vécu (Ichrede), permet en outre de modifier notre conception ontique du sens des termes usités afin de décrire un état de chose d'un point de vue eidétique – la chose comme corrélat.En reprenant cette idée cardinale, nous avons par la suite tenté de résoudre l'énigme du Je d'un point de historique à partir d'une étude comparée entre la phénoménologie husserlienne et celle de ses disciples (Reinach, Ingarden, Sartre). À partir de là, nous étions en mesure d'appréhender le bienfondé des critiques apportées à l'égard du tournant transcendantal de la phénoménologie. Pourtant, ces critiques ne sauraient dépasser ni compromettre la pensée de Husserl en ce qu'elle déborde selon nous le cadre formel et stérile d'une binarité idéalisme-réalisme. Nous avons ainsi voulu mettre en exergue le renouvellement, dès le tournant génétique, de la phénoménologie à partir de ce que nous nommons le « naturalisme phénoménologique » de Husserl, en particulier en ce qui concerne le traitement qu'il a accordé aux sujets comme la naissance, la mort, l'anomalité et l'animalité. Ce faisant, nous avions tous les éléments pour démontrer que Husserl n'était idéaliste qu'en apparence et que son œuvre contenait les germes de l'entreprise naturaliste en développement depuis quelques dizaines d'années.Il fallut dès lors montrer les corrélations entre la phénoménologie « classique » et la naturalisation de la phénoménologie à travers une étude des textes contemporains présentés par des auteurs comme F.Varela, N.Depraz ou J-L Petit. Il nous apparut ainsi que la naturalisation en restait à l'état embryonnaire, mais qu'elle pouvait dans un avenir proche, grâce à des recherches sur l'agentivité, la dépression, ou sur la phénophysique, éclairer les sciences cognitives dans l'optique d'une étude cogénérative et fertile en ce qu'elle joint les perspectives à la première et la troisième personne. Or, il nous semble malgré tout que la naturalisation de la phénoménologie demeure davantage asubjective, au sens que donne Patocka, que pleinement phénoménologique. Nous concluons de la sorte en affirmant qu'il faut distinguer deux types de phénoménologie de même que deux types de naturalisation, tout en avançant qu'il serait judicieux de prendre également en considération le rôle du système nerveux entérique, en plus du cerveau, dans la caractérisation de la vie subjectiveThis thematic and historical work aims to highlight the difficulties that can be encountered when we try to grasp what the egological life means from a phenomenological and scientific point of view. The questions that animate us are the following and rhythm the present work: what exactly does it mean to say "I"? ; What is the characterization of the egological life in Husserlian phenomenology? To what extent can the egological life be naturalized?Our path follows the Husserlian corpus for we consider that it is first necessary to clarify the meaning of the term “ego” in the perspective of an “analytic phenomenology”. This allowed us to understand that the indexical “I” can be the mark of a “descriptive ingenuity” which consists in an inability to fully describe a situation or a subjectivity expressing itself. Only a phenomenological understanding of the “I” may modify this conception by inducing that the presence of a subjectivity made of flesh and bones is an irreducible Nullpunkt. The phenomenological language, in addition to valuing the subjective part of live experience (Ichrede), also allows to modify our ontic conception of the meaning of termes used in order to describe a state of things from an eidetic point of view – a thing as correlate.By taking up this cardinal idea, we have subsequently attempted to solve the enigma around the I from a historical point of view on the basis a comparative study between Husserlian phenomenology and what critics made by Husserls disciples such as Reinach, Ingarden and Sartre. From then on, we were able to grasp the depth and validity of some critics made against the transcendental turn of phenomenology. Yet, these critics cannot go beyond or compromise Husserl'sthinking for this latter one overflows in our view the formal and sterile framework of an idealistic-realistic binarity. In this way, we wanted to highlight the renewal of phenomenology from the genetic point of view, starting with what we call the “phenomenological naturalism”, especially in regard to the treatment Husserl accorded to subjects such as birth, death, a(b)no(r)mality and animality. In doing so, we had the evidence to show that Husserl was only apparently an idealist and that his work contains the seeds of the naturalistic enterprise under developent for some decades.It was therefore necessary to show the correlations between the “classical” phenomenology and the naturalization of phenomenology through a study of contempory texts presented by authors such as F. Varela, N. Depraz or J-L Petit. It appeared to us that naturalization was still embryonic, but that it may in the near future, through researches on agentivity, depression or phenophysics, illuminate cognitive sciences from the perspective of a cogenerative and fertile study for it joins the first and third person perspectives. However, it seems to us that the naturalization of phenomenology remains more asubjective, in the sense given by Patocka, than fully phenomenological. In conclusion, we affirm that two types of phenomenology must be distinguished, as well as two types of naturalization, while arguing that it would be also wise to take into consideration the role of the enteric nervous system, in addition to the brain, in the characterization of subjective life
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FARIA, THIAGO COSTA. "CAN EXISTENCE BE COMMUNICATED?: EXISTENCE AND INTERSUBJECTIVITY REGARDING THE THOUGHTS OF SOREN KIERKEGAARD". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2009. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=15298@1.
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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICONão raras vezes Soren Kierkegaard foi acusado de negligenciar a vida pública em favor de uma subjetividade encerrada em si mesma. Nada mais equivocado. A presente pesquisa pretende demonstrar que a relação com o outro desempenha um papel de suma importância no pensamento deste autor (e tanto é assim que em lugar de um tratamento indiferente, Kierkegaard chama o outro de próximo). No entanto, também é verdade que o indivíduo é incomensurável com a realidade ao seu redor. Ultrapassa o geral, o coletivo, a multidão a fim de se constituir como um indivíduo, a fim de se tornar quem ele é. Enquanto não entrar nessa relação de oposição com o mundo, não terá alcançado a verdade. Como então articular existencialmente a necessidade de ser um indivíduo acima do geral com a não menos necessária demanda de ir ao encontro do próximo? Como se valer do geral para manifestar a própria singularidade? Tentaremos mostrar ao longo deste trabalho que o indivíduo é justamente este ser que quando ameaçado pelo impessoal, se refugia na sua individualidade; e que quando quer manifestar a sua individualidade, se volta ao geral: é como qualquer outro.
Many times Soren Kierkegaard was accused of neglecting public life in behalf of an inner subjectivity. This could not be more mistaken. This research aims to show that interaction with the other plays a primary role in the author´s thinking. Nevertheless, it is correct to say that the individual is incommensurable with reality. So how can an individual express his need to be in contact with collectivity without losing his individuality? How can he resort to the impersonal to manifest his self? Throughout this paper we will attempt to demonstrate that the individual is a person who seeks refuge in privacy when threatened by the collective, and is communal to manifest his individuality.
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Korn, Marcella Elizabeth. "Promoting epistemological development in first-year college students through intersubjectivity, scaffolding, and practice". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280517.
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The study attempted to explore if epistemological development occurs among first-year college students and to untangle the process of that development by investigating the role of intersubjectivity and metacognitive awareness as mechanisms of change. Epistemological development is an orderly sequence of five increasingly complex positions through which students reason about the nature of knowledge (Perry, 1970). Intersubjectivity is the cognitive developmental process whereby interacting peers who begin problem-solving tasks with different understandings arrive at shared understanding in the course of communication with each other (Tudge, 1992). Metacognitive awareness, the ability to facilitate the control aspect of cognition (Schraw & Dennison, 1994), may play an important role in the resolution of ill-structured problems (Kitchener, 1983). Eighty-three participants (treatment N = 50; control N = 33) completed the Measure of Epistemological Development, an open-ended paper-and-pencil five-domain instrument which was created for this study (Baxter-Magolda, 1987; Moore, 1990) and administered at pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. The developmental process variables were measured by self-report intersubjectivity items (i.e., exposure to new forms of reasoning; adopted others' reasoning) and the Metacognitive Awareness Inventory Regulation of Cognition Sub-Scale (Schraw & Dennison, 1994). Treatment group discussions about ill-structured problems were guided by seven probe questions (Kitchener & King, 1981), offered scaffolding and contextual support (Kitchener, Lynch, Fischer, & Wood, 1993), and ended with peers reaching agreement. Epistemological reflection developed significantly between pre-test and follow-up (t = -2.60, p < .01). The control group changed little over time, while the treatment group slightly regressed from pre-test to post-test then developed significantly by follow-up F(df = 2, 7.06, p < .01). Intersubjectivity moderated change in epistemological reflection between pre-test and follow-up (R² = .645, p < .05). Treatment participants who reported the lowest levels of intersubjectivity scored higher on follow-up epistemological reflection than all other treatment participants. Metacognitive awareness moderated change in epistemological reflection differentially for treatment and control participants. The unique effects of the metacognitive-awareness-by-condition interaction term and metacognitive awareness remained after the effects of pre-test epistemological reflection, metacognitive awareness, and the pre-test-by-metacognitive-awareness-by-condition interaction term were controlled statistically (R² = .532, p < .05).
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CROCE, Enrico. "TEMPORALITY and INTERSUBJECTIVITY IN SCHIZOPHRENIA, A DIALOGUE BETWEEN PSYCHOPATHOLOGICAL PHENOMENOLOGY AND COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2488114.
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La psichiatria, da sempre disciplina di confine, porta in sé anime diverse. Storicamente, alcuni dei principali contributi, in particolare per quanto riguarda la schizofrenia, sono venuti dalla psicopatologia fenomenologica. Questa disciplina, con la sua profonda attenzione alle strutture
dell'esperienza, è guardata con crescente attenzione al fine di limitare l'appiattimento nosografico degli attuali sistemi diagnostici. D'altra parte, lo sviluppo delle neuroscienze cognitive rende ormai indispensabile, per una disciplina che vuole mantenere i propri confini all'interno delle scienze mediche, sottoporsi alla validazione empirica dei costrutti neurobiologici. Ho focalizzato il mio lavoro di tesi sulle convergenze e divergenze di queste aree di studio, sviluppando una rassegna della letteratura riguardante le alterazioni della temporalità nella schizofrenia e un lavoro sperimentale di osservazione dell'azione in pazienti ad esordio psicotico sul tema dell'intersoggettività.
La prima parte (Temporalità) inizia con un excursus storico sulle somiglianze e differenze della psicopatologia fenomenologica con le neuroscienze cognitive sul tema della percezione del tempo nella schizofrenia. Il lavoro si sviluppa ulteriormente con una revisione sistematica delle correlazioni tra le alterazioni della percezione del tempo nella schizofrenia e gli ambiti cognitivo, sintomatologico e neurobiologico. I risultati della nostra revisione ci consentono di delineare alcune considerazioni: 1) sembra che i deficit cognitivi della schizofrenia e l'alterazione della
temporalità nella schizofrenia appartengano a due domini distinti. 2) è più difficile stabilire se esiste o meno una chiara correlazione tra i sintomi positivi e negativi e i domini temporali 3) gli studi sul timing percettivo spiegano un'associazione primaria tra il deficit di timing con le disfunzioni dopaminergiche e fronto-striatali nella schizofrenia 4) gli studi sul timing motorio evidenziano un ruolo cruciale delle disfunzioni del circuito cerebello-talamo-corticale nell'elaborazione temporale.
La seconda parte (Intersoggettività) propone un lavoro sperimentale che cerca di creare un ponte tra la tradizione fenomenologica e le neuroscienze cognitive. I concetti sull'intersoggettività espressi dalla fenomenologia trovano una convergenza con la tesi della “direct social perception”. La “direct social perception” (DSP) è l'idea che possiamo percepire gli stati mentali degli altri. Questo tipo di percezione è diretta nel senso che non implica una mediazione inferenziale. Utilizzando un task di "action observation” abbiamo tentato di rilevare se ci sono differenze tra pazienti con disturbi psicotici e controlli sani nello svolgimento di compiti di decodifica dei parametri cinematici. I nostri risultati sottolineano che i pazienti hanno maggiori difficoltà rispetto ai controlli nell'interpretare il comportamento degli altri, specialmente quando vengono presentati con informazioni frammentate o parziali.Psychiatry, which has always been a border discipline, carries within itself different souls. Historically, some of the main contributions, particularly with regard to schizophrenia, have come from phenomenological psychopathology. This discipline, with its deep attention to the structures of experience, is being watched with increasing attention in order to limit the nosographic flattening of current diagnostic systems. On the other hand, the development of cognitive neuroscience now makes it essential, for a discipline that wants to maintain its boundaries within the medical sciences, to undergo the empirical validation of neurobiological constructs. I focused my thesis work on convergences and divergences of these disciplines, developing a review of the literature regarding the alterations of temporality in schizophrenia and an experimental work of action observation in psychotic onset patients on the subject of intersubjectivity. The first part (Temporality) begins with a historical study on the similarities and differences of phenomenological psychopathology and cognitive neuroscience on the topic of time perception in schizophrenia. The work develops further with the development of a systematic review of the correlations between alterations in the perception of time in schizophrenia and the cognitive, symptomatological and neurobiological domains. The results from our review allow us to outline some considerations: 1) it appears that the cognitive deficits of schizophrenia and the alteration of temporality in schizophrenia belong to two distinct domains. 2) it is more difficult to establish whether or not there is a clear correlation between the positive and negative symptoms and temporal domains 3) Studies regarding perceptual timing account for a primary association between timing deficit with dopaminergic and fronto-striatal dysfunctions in schizophrenia 4) Studies regarding motor timing highlight a crucial role of the cerebello-thalamo-cortical-circuit dysfunctions in subsecond temporal processing. The second part (Intersubjectivity) proposes an experimental work which try to set bridge between the phenomenological tradition and cognitive neuroscience. The concepts on intersubjectivity expressed by phenomenology find a convergence with the direct social perception thesis. Direct Social Perception (DSP) is the idea that we can perceive others’ mental states. This kind of perception is direct in the sense that it does not involve inferential mediation. Using an “action observation task” we attempted to detect whether there are differences between patients with psychotic disorders and healthy controls in carrying out tasks of decoding the kinematic parameters. Our results point out that patients have greater difficulty than controls in interpreting the behavior of others, especially when presented with fragmented or partial information.
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Lefebvre, Augustin. "Approche ethnométhodologique de l'accomplissement d'une figure à deux : spatialité et temporalité dans la pratique de l'aïkido". Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030008.
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Cette recherche s’appuie sur un corpus de données vidéo d’une dizaine d’heures, filmées dans un dojo d’aïkido à Tokyo. L’aïkido est une pratique martiale qui exclut toute notion de compétition. Les partenaires organisent leur pratique en s’orientant vers l’accomplissement de gestes spécifiquement attendus pour chacun des deux rôles disponibles tori [défenseur] et uke [attaquant]. Dans une perspective ethnométhodologique, l’enjeu de cette recherche est d’examiner la relation mutuellement constitutive des ressources dont les membres disposent sous forme de savoir faire corporel et la coordination d’actions situées. Il s’agit également de tester les outils développés par l’analyse conversationnelle pour décrire des interactions dans lesquelles les ressources verbales ne pas mobilisées. Je décris les spécificités de l’organisation séquentielle d’une interaction dont le but est l’accomplissement d’une figure, à partir de gestes. J’observe en particulier comment les pratiquants peuvent identifier sur le corps de leur partenaire le moment pertinent pour apporter leur contribution à la figure. Ce phénomène intervient tant dans l’interaction entre membres que dans l’interaction entre membre et novice. L’identification séquentiellement organisée du contour des gestes est ainsi une ressource qui intervient à la fois dans la coordination des corps en mouvement et dans la transmission d’un savoir faire, laissant entrevoir que la limite entre pratique et transmission du savoir faire se dissout dans le processus de maintien de l’intersubjectivitéThis research draws on video recordings filmed in an aikido dojo in Tokyo, Japan. I propose a description of the organization of interaction between the two available roles, tori and uke, which correspond to defender and attacker. I show that this kind of interaction documents a sequentiality drawing on gestures and normative expectancies. The core of this sequentiality is the ability of members to anticipate the sequel of a gesture from the visual or tactile perception of its beginning. This ability allows them to select themselves to accomplish a next relevant action. The in situ identification of gesture is a resource for showing beginners how to relevantly contribute to the activity as well. Embodied sequentiality appears then as a procedural resource to produce and maintain intersubjectivity even between a member and a beginner
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Kaltsas, Spyridon. "Pour une critique de la théorie de la communication : reconstruction de la raison pratique à partir du concept de responsabilité". Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040161.
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Dans notre étude, nous retraçons le chemin d’une reconstruction de la raison pratique à partir du concept de responsabilité. La théorie de la communication est en mesure de nous fournir les moyens théoriques pour saisir l’étroite relation entre responsabilité et normativité pratique, tant au niveau de la reconstruction de la raison pratique, qu’à celui de son application. Néanmoins, il ne s’agit pas d’une reconstruction du mouvement d’ensemble de la pensée de Habermas. Bien au contraire, nous procédons, tel est notre choix méthodologique, par une mise en relief de l’ouverture dialogique de la théorie de la communication à ses interlocuteurs. La théorie de la communication veut restaurer toute la richesse pratique du concept de responsabilité dans ses droits en s’appuyant sur une critique de la subjectivité moderne. Néanmoins, une critique de la théorie de la communication peut montrer que le moment de la constitution de l’intersubjectivité va de pair avec celui du sujet de la communicationIn our study, we are tracing the way of the reconstruction of the practical reason starting from the concept of responsibility. The theory of communication can provide us with the theoretical tools in order to understand the close relation between responsibility and the normative core of practice at the level of the reconstruction of the practical reason as also of its application. Nevertheless, our study does not have for his object the reconstruction of Habermas’ thought as a whole. On the contrary, our methodological choice is to proceed based on the emphasis on the opening of the dialogue of the theory of communication towards its interlocutors. The theory of communication attempts to restore the whole practical richness of the concept of responsibility underpinning a critique of the modern subjectivity. Nevertheless, a critique of the theory of communication can show that the moment of the constitution of the intersubjectivity is consistent with that of the subject of communication
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Woods, J. Ruth. "A study of intersubjectivity in children's meaning-making at a multicultural London primary school". Thesis, Brunel University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.425195.
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