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Guay, Hervé. "Le solo-machine : incursion dans le travail scénique de Carole Nadeau". L’Annuaire théâtral, n.º 58 (13 de dezembro de 2016): 115–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1038323ar.
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Cet article aborde le rôle de la machine au sein du solo théâtral à l’aide de deux spectacles de Carole Nadeau créés à dix ans d’intervalle : MeMyLee Miller (2000) et Le mobile (2010). L’auteur s’attache à ce qui distingue ce type de solo d’un « monologue » axé sur la parole et sur la « pure » présence de l’acteur dans la mise en place de ce régime scénique. L’article étudie le dialogisme humain-machine dans ses particularités performatives en portant attention à la manière dont le jeu de l’acteur et l’espace scénique sont transformés par les technologies retenues. Il est ainsi question d’observer comment cette interaction humain-machine influe sur la réception de ces solos, autrement dit « ce que la machine fait au solo », pour paraphraser le titre d’un essai célèbre de Nathalie Heinich.
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HADAD, Fatiha, Marie-Claude SAN JUAN e Mehdi HAMDI. "Intelligence artificielle : Enjeux et risques pour la traduction". ALTRALANG Journal 6, n.º 1 (30 de junho de 2024): 197–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.52919/altralang.v6i1.416.
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ABSTRACT: Artificial Intelligence (AI) has rapidly expanded across various fields, impacting society by transforming linguistic and cultural habits in translation and breaking down language barriers. While offering opportunities like instant translations and recognition software, caution is necessary due to AI's limitations, particularly in automatic translation. The evolving interaction between humans and machines creates new frontiers in global connectivity, prompting questions about their roles in translation for the humanities and social sciences. Our analysis explores the current state of AI, its possibilities, and tools, focusing on its role in literary and academic translation. We also delve into the limits and risks of AI, underscoring the vital role of the human translator. The central question revolves around whether AI, especially in automatic translation, can reliably serve the humanities. Our hypothesis asserts that the human translator is crucial, using knowledge and experience to provide authentic translations, with the machine acting as a legitimate complement, tempered by the cultural insight of the human translator. RÉSUMÉ : L'intelligence artificielle (IA) s'est rapidement développée dans divers domaines, impactant la société en transformant les habitudes linguistiques et culturelles en matière de traduction et en éliminant les barrières linguistiques. Les possibilités qu’offre cette intelligence pour la traduction sont énormes. Toutefois, il est important de faire attention, car il s’agit enfin de machines programmées à cet effet. Le recours de plus en plus accru à ces machines de traduction qui évoluent rapidement suscite des interrogations des spécialistes de la traduction quant à la fiabilité et l’important domaine recouvert par ces dernières. D’autres questions émanent également sur leur conséquence et la place à occuper face au traducteur humain. C’est pourquoi notre analyse explore l’état actuel de l’IA, ses possibilités, ses outils et son rôle dans la traduction littéraire et académique. Il sera question, conjointement à cela, de voir les limites et les risques de l’IA, en soulignant le rôle vital du traducteur humain. En somme, la question centrale est de savoir si l’IA, en particulier dans la traduction automatique, peut servir de manière fiable les sciences humaines. Notre hypothèse affirme que l’intervention du traducteur humain dans cette équation est primordiale. Ses connaissances et son expérience seraient essentielles pour fournir des traductions authentiques.
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Addessi, Anna Rita, e François Pachet. "Experiments with a musical machine: musical style replication in 3 to 5 year old children". British Journal of Music Education 22, n.º 1 (março de 2005): 21–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265051704005972.
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The relationship between new technology and learning is gaining increasing relevance in the field of music education (Webster, 2002; Folkestad et al., 1998). However, only a few studies have considered the nature of the interaction between children and musical machines. This article describes an observation study of children aged 3–5 years confronting a particular interactive musical system, the Continuator, which is able to produce music in the same style as a human playing the keyboard (Pachet, 2003). The analysis of two case studies suggests that the Continuator is able to develop interesting child/machine interactions and creative musical processes in young children. It was possible to observe a ‘life cycle’ of interaction, as well as micro-processes similar to those observed in child/adult interactions (Stern, 1985; Imberty, 2002). The ability of the system to attract and hold the attention of children has been interpreted through Csikszentmihalyi's (1990) ‘flow theory’.
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Laverdière, Roxanne, Lye-Ann Robichaud, Annie Toulouse-Fournier, Audrey Marcoux e Philip Jackson. "Influence du genre sur la perception de l'empathie à l'aide d'avatars". Psycause : revue scientifique étudiante de l'École de psychologie de l'Université Laval 10, n.º 2 (20 de novembro de 2020): 13–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.51656/psycause.v10i2.40770.
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L’empathie, soit la capacité de comprendre et partager les émotions d’autrui, peut s’exprimer par le langage non verbal, notamment par l’entremise d’avatars dans les plateformes virtuelles en clinique et en recherche. Cependant, l’influence du genre dans l’interaction humain-avatar demeure encore inconnue. Cette étude en ligne vise à évaluer si la perception de l’empathie varie en fonction du genre du participant (homme/femme) et de la représentation de l’avatar (masculin/féminin), indépendamment des comportements non verbaux affichés par les avatars (Contact visuel; Expression faciale congruente; Inclinaison du tronc). Cent vingt adultes de la population générale âgés entre 18 et 60 ans ont été recrutés (76 s’identifiant comme une femme). Ils ont visionné des vidéos d’avatars (deux masculins et deux féminins) affichant différents comportements non verbaux, puis ont évalué l’empathie qu’ils percevaient. Les résultats de l’ANOVA factorielle mixte montrent que les participants perçoivent significativement plus d’empathie lorsqu’exprimée par des avatars féminins, ce qui est congruent avec les stéréotypes liés aux genres. Les résultats montrent également que le genre du participant n’influence pas le niveau l’empathie perçue. Les données obtenues montrent l’importance d’une représentation d’avatar féminin et permettront d’améliorer les plateformes virtuelles existantes, en plus d’améliorer les connaissances sur les interactions empathiques humain-machine.
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Patterson, Robert Earl. "Intuitive Cognition and Models of Human–Automation Interaction". Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 59, n.º 1 (fevereiro de 2017): 101–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018720816659796.
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Objective: The aim of this study was to provide an analysis of the implications of the dominance of intuitive cognition in human reasoning and decision making for conceptualizing models and taxonomies of human–automation interaction, focusing on the Parasuraman et al. model and taxonomy. Background: Knowledge about how humans reason and make decisions, which has been shown to be largely intuitive, has implications for the design of future human–machine systems. Method: One hundred twenty articles and books cited in other works as well as those obtained from an Internet search were reviewed. Works were deemed eligible if they were published within the past 50 years and common to a given literature. Results: Analysis shows that intuitive cognition dominates human reasoning and decision making in all situations examined. The implications of the dominance of intuitive cognition for the Parasuraman et al. model and taxonomy are discussed. A taxonomy of human–automation interaction that incorporates intuitive cognition is suggested. Application: Understanding the ways in which human reasoning and decision making is intuitive can provide insight for future models and taxonomies of human–automation interaction.
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Shibata, Shigeki Suganoand Takanori. "Special Issue on Toward Establishment of Entertainment and Amusement Machine Technology". Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 14, n.º 1 (20 de fevereiro de 2002): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2002.p0001.
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Advances in society have enriched lifestyles, making them more comfortable and increasing spare time. People spend more time and money on entertainment 'and amusement, purchasing more than basic necessities and spending time at recreational facilities. Devices used in entertainment and amusement frequently interact with people, making it important to design them emphasizing subjective evaluations by people who interact with them rather than objective evaluations such as speed and accuracy. This makes technologies on entertainment and amusement interdisciplinary, going beyond the scope of conventional engineering with consideration of human sensitivities. Sugeno describes this interdisciplinary technology and discusses its possibilities in ""Engineering and Amusement."" This special edition presents information on Japanese mechatronics technologies for entertainment and amusement to overseas people. Included are papers on scholarly- and technologically-de novo research and developments and technologies already put into practical use as commercially available products. Devices for entertainment and amusement must interact with people in different ways, and as such, they take a wide variety of shapes and have a broad array of controllers to suitably accommodate different human needs. It is therefore of critical importance to give special consideration to human sensitivity, which makes this area of engineering difficult to standardize and generalize. It is, however, becoming increasingly important in different fields of engineering to take interaction between machinery and people into consideration. This special edition provides perspectives and technologies that hold clues for the field of entertainment and amusement and also for many other areas of research and development. Kuroki et al. discuss the structure and the control architecture of SDR-X, a humanoid robot developed for entertainment, and detail the dancing performance of this robot in ""A Small Biped Entertainment Robot."" Shibata et al. statistically analyze the findings of subjective evaluation of the Mental Commit Robot Paro, a robot shaped like a baby seal developed to provide positive psychological effects such as pleasure and comfort to people through interaction, and considers the results in ""Subjective Evaluation of Seal Robot Paro."" Mitsui et al. tell about the results of physiological experiments and subjective evaluations of psychophysiological effects of interactions with a seal-shaped Mental Commit Robot on people in ""Psycho-physiological Effects by Interaction with Mental Commit Robot."" Nakata et al., in ""Analysis of Impression of Robot Bodily Expression,"" suggest a method for setting up physical characteristics of movements based on the theory of Laban in Choreologia as a way of quantitatively evaluating impressions of movement of a robot a person gets during interaction, and discuss the method's effectiveness. Tanaka et al., in ""Principle of Stable Running of A Unicycle Robot,"" describe the research and development of a unicycle robot modeled after the movement of a person riding a unicycle. They analyzed the mechanism of complex and skillful movements to have the robot make comical human-like movements. These findings could be applied to controlling robots in general. Kobayashi et al., in ""A New Concept of the Robotic Technology Applicable to Human Physical Support,"" describe a muscle suit to support human muscles with the help of air tube actuators. Because this suit enables people to move about naturally, its technology is applicable as component technology for new types of entertainment. Yamamoto et al., in ""Conversation with a Communication Robot Named Wonder - for the Mental Support of the Elderly Living Alone,"" discuss results of a validation experiment for a robot developed with several objectives, including the 'reduction of the psychological burden on elderly people who live alone and applications as a pet and/or a speech partner and as an interface for outside communication through CATV to make their daily life safer. Fuj ita, in ""Personal Robot PaPeRo,"" tells about the objective of the development, design, function, and structure of the autonomous robot PaPeRo developed for communication with people in private households and reports the results of an experiment in which 12 families lived together with the robot for about 2 months. Miyake et al., in ""Interactive Simulation Ride System,"" present a simulation system with a high degree of virtual sense capability being achieved by a 3-6 mensional audiovisual perception data display using virtual reality technology and a ride system with 4 degrees of freedom. This system is already being used in amusement facilities and museums. Haga, in ""WonderBorg and BN-l,"" describes the concept of development, system structure, and control of an insect-shaped robot ""WonderBorg"" and a cat-like robot BN-I developed with the objective of offering interactive entertainment to people through assembling and programming robot. Nagasu, in ""Dream Force O1,"" tells about the concept of development and the structure of Dream Force 01, a bipedal locomotion robot that can be operated by the user for pleasure with the help of a robot controller. Omshi, in ""POO-CHI,"" discusses the design and the function of a dog-shaped robot toy POO-CHI that has become a hot seller all over the world. We thanks Japan Toy Culture Foundation on supports for preparation of developments reports.
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Razavi-Mohseni, Milad, Dustin Shigaki e Michael A. Beer. "Machine Learning Sequence Modeling Identifies Gene Regulatory Responses to Bone Marrow Stromal Interactions in Multiple Myeloma". Blood 142, Supplement 1 (28 de novembro de 2023): 4144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2023-186981.
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Introduction Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy of plasma cells which affects different organs including the bone marrow. The interaction between MM and the bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) has been shown to affect the disease progression and response to treatment (Kumar et al. Multiple myeloma. Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers, 2017). An in vitro system to isolate the signaling mechanisms between BMSC and MM cells has been developed by (Dziadowicz et al., Cancers, 2022), who co-cultured MM cell lines in transwell media (TSW) exposed to BMSC secreted factors and compared their ATAC-seq profiles to MM cell lines (MONO) in isolation without the exposure to BMSC. While some of the gene expression changes induced by the BMSC-MM crosstalk were reported in (Dziadowicz et al., Cancers, 2022), here we model the entire chromatin accessibility profiles with a DNA-sequence based machine learning model to detect the altered Transcription Factor (TF) and enhancer activity responsible for driving the gene expression changes. We used sequence-based machine learning models (Beer et al., 2020, Annu. Rev. Genom. Hum. Genet.) and applied a systematic approach to model the chromatin accessibility changes induced by the interaction of BMSC and MM cells (MM-TSW) vs. MM cell lines cultured in isolation (MM-MONO). Methods We trained gapped-kmer SVM (gkm-SVM) machine learning models on MM1S and RPMI8226 MM cell line ATAC-seq data generated by Dziadowicz et al. as well as 1270 DNase-seq chromatin accessibility profiles of various human primary tissues and cell lines (including MM1S and RPMI8226) from the ENCODE consortium. We trained gkm-SVM on the top 2000 differentially-accessible distal ATAC peaks (>2000bp from transcription start site, e.g. enhancers) to find the differential TF activity between MM-TSW and MM-MONO (Figure 1) and found the TF binding site motifs explaining the gkmSVM output kmer weight distribution (Figure 2). We also identified the set of differentially-expressed TFs and performed gene set enrichment using MSigDB. Results We found that RUNX and Ebox-binding (5‘-CACCTG-3‘) TF family members are the most active TFs in MM1S-MONO and RPMI8226-MONO enhancers (gkmSVM AUROCs~0.92). The contribution of the Ebox TFs to distal chromatin accessibility in the MM cell lines is greater than in any other ENCODE sample (n=1270). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on distal ATAC peaks compared to promoters showed that the MM transcriptional response to BMSC is more clearly explained by the differences in enhancer activity rather than promoters. This response is driven by dysregulated activity of a set of enhancer regions in MM-TSW compared to MM-MONO (Figure 1) and our machine learning method can identify these regulatory changes (AUROC~0.90). In addition to the altered AP1 and JAK/STAT activity reported by Dziadowicz et al., we discovered that RUNX and Ebox-binding transcriptional activity are downregulated in MM cells following the interaction with BMSC (Figure 2). Although our RNA-seq analysis found differential expression of some Ebox-binding TFs such as TCF3 and ZEB1 and RUNX members, the identification of the exact TF member(s) driving these RUNX and Ebox/E2A downregulation in MM-TSW is still challenging. Furthermore, PCA analysis of the gene expression profiles of MM1S and RPMI8226 cells showed that the targets of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 (BMP2) are upregulated in MM-TSW (FDR < 10 -28). Conclusion While some of the gene expression changes induced by the BMSC-MM interaction were reported in (Dziadowicz et al., Cancers, 2022), our modeling of the entire chromatin landscape discovered the previously unreported downregulation of RUNX and Ebox/E2A TFs in MM as the dominant response of MM interacting with BMSCs, accompanied by an upregulation of AP1 and JAK/STAT. RUNX and E2A-binding families of TFs include RUNX1/2/3, ZEB1/2, SNAI1/2 and TCF3, some of which we previously found to be strongly involved in epithelial to mesenchymal transition in gastric cancer and its invasiveness (Razavi-Mohseni et al., submitted, 2023). Bone marrow microenvironment interactions with MM are known to affect the disease progression and treatment, therefore, identifying the set of TFs driving the MM response to stroma may provide better understanding of the disease and better therapeutic opportunities.
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Aribowo, Agus Sasmito, Halizah Basiron, Noor Fazilla Abd Yusof e Siti Khomsah. "Cross-domain sentiment analysis model on Indonesian YouTube comment". International Journal of Advances in Intelligent Informatics 7, n.º 1 (31 de março de 2021): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.26555/ijain.v7i1.554.
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A cross-domain sentiment analysis (CDSA) study in the Indonesian language and tree-based ensemble machine learning is quite interesting. CDSA is useful to support the labeling process of cross-domain sentiment and reduce any dependence on the experts; however, the mechanism in the opinion unstructured by stop word, language expressions, and Indonesian slang words is unidentified yet. This study aimed to obtain the best model of CDSA for the opinion in Indonesia language that commonly is full of stop words and slang words in the Indonesian dialect. This study was purposely to observe the benefits of the stop words cleaning and slang words conversion in CDSA in the Indonesian language form. It was also to find out which machine learning method is suitable for this model. This study started by crawling five datasets of the comments on YouTube from 5 different domains. The dataset was copied into two groups: the dataset group without any process of stop word cleaning and slang word conversion and the dataset group to stop word cleaning and slang word conversion. CDSA model was built for each dataset group and then tested using two types of tree-based ensemble machine learning, i.e., Random Forest (RF) and Extra Tree (ET) classifier, and tested using three types of non-ensemble machine learning, including Naïve Bayes (NB), SVM, and Decision Tree (DT) as the comparison. Then, It can be suggested that the accuracy of CDSA in Indonesia Language increased if it still removed the stop words and converted the slang words. The best classifier model was built using tree-based ensemble machine learning, particularly ET, as in this study, the ET model could achieve the highest accuracy by 91.19%. This model is expected to be the CDSA technique alternative in the Indonesian language.
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Spiekermann, Kevin A., Thijs Stuyver, Lagnajit Pattanaik e William H. Green. "Comment on ‘Physics-based representations for machine learning properties of chemical reactions’". Machine Learning: Science and Technology 4, n.º 4 (6 de outubro de 2023): 048001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2632-2153/acee42.
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Abstract In a recent article in this journal, van Gerwen et al (2022 Mach. Learn.: Sci. Technol. 3 045005) presented a kernel ridge regression model to predict reaction barrier heights. Here, we comment on the utility of that model and present references and results that contradict several statements made in that article. Our primary interest is to offer a broader perspective by presenting three aspects that are essential for researchers to consider when creating models for chemical kinetics: (1) are the model’s prediction targets and associated errors sufficient for practical applications? (2) Does the model prioritize user-friendly inputs so it is practical for others to integrate into prediction workflows? (3) Does the analysis report performance on both interpolative and more challenging extrapolative data splits so users have a realistic idea of the likely errors in the model’s predictions?
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Cherif, Emna, e Jean-François Lemoine. "Les conseillers virtuels anthropomorphes et les réactions des internautes : une expérimentation portant sur la voix du conseiller". Recherche et Applications en Marketing (French Edition) 34, n.º 1 (29 de junho de 2018): 29–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0767370118775963.
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Les conseillers virtuels se sont fortement démocratisés sur les sites marchands. Compte tenu des bénéfices qu’ils offrent aux entreprises pour améliorer la navigation et l’interaction avec le consommateur, chercheurs et praticiens s’accordent sur l’intérêt de les doter de caractéristiques anthropomorphiques. Cette recherche s’intéresse particulièrement à l’effet de la voix du conseiller virtuel. Bien qu’il existe quelques recherches en interaction homme-machine sur la question, il n’existe pas de travaux traitant le sujet d’un point de vue marketing et comparant l’effet d’une voix humaine vs une voix de synthèse. Les résultats montrent que les consommateurs qui ont interagi avec un conseiller virtuel doté d’une voix humaine éprouvent un sentiment de présence sociale plus fort que ceux interagissant avec un conseiller doté d’une voix de synthèse. La voix humaine permet également de susciter plus de confiance envers le conseiller virtuel et de générer de meilleures intentions comportementales.
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Aló, Richard, e Vladik Kreinovich. "Selected Papers from InTech'04". Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 10, n.º 3 (20 de maio de 2006): 243–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2006.p0243.
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The main objective of the annual International Conference on Intelligent Technologies (InTech) is to bring together researchers and practitioners who implement intelligent and fuzzy technologies in real-world environment. The Fifth International Conference on Intelligent Technologies InTech'04 was held in Houston, Texas, on December 2-4, 2004. Topics of InTech'04 included mathematical foundations of intelligent technologies, traditional Artificial Intelligent techniques, uncertainty processing and methods of soft computing, learning/adaptive systems/data mining, and applications of intelligent technologies. This special issue contains versions of 15 selected papers originally presented at InTech'04. These papers cover most of the topics of the conference. Several papers describe new applications of the existing intelligent techniques. R. Aló{o} et al. show how traditional <I>statistical</I> hypotheses testing techniques – originally designed for processing measurement results – need to be modified when applied to simulated data – e.g., when we compare the quality of two algorithms. Y. Frayman et al. use <I>mathematical morphology</I> and <I>genetic algorithms</I> in the design of a machine vision system for detecting surface defects in aluminum die casting. Y. Murai et al. propose a new faster <I>entropy</I>-based placement algorithm for VLSI circuit design and similar applications. A. P. Salvatore et al. show how <I>expert system</I>-type techniques can help in scheduling botox treatment for voice disorders. H. Tsuji et al. propose a new method, based on <I>partial differential equations</I>, for automatically identifying and extracting objects from a video. N. Ward uses <I>Ordered Weighted Average</I> (OWA) techniques to design a model that predicts admission of computer science students into different graduate schools. An important aspect of intelligence is ability to <I>learn</I>. In A. Mahaweerawat et al., neural-based machine learning is <I>used</I> to identify and predict software faults. J. Han et al. show that we can drastically <I>improve</I> the quality of machine learning if, in addition to discovering traditional (positive) rules, we also search for negative rules. A serious problem with many neural-based machine learning algorithms is that often, the results of their learning are un-intelligible rules and numbers. M. I. Khan et al. show, on the example of robotic arm applications, that if we allow neurons with different input-output dependencies – including linear neurons – then we can <I>extract</I> meaningful <I>knowledge</I> from the resulting network. Several papers analyze the Equivalent Transformation (ET) model, that allows the user to <I>automatically generate code from specifications</I>. A general description of this model is given by K. Akama et al. P. Chippimolchai et al. describe how, within this model, we can transform a user's query into an equivalent more efficient one. H. Koike et al. apply this approach to <I>natural language processing</I>. Y. Shigeta et al. show how the existing <I>constraint</I> techniques can be translated into equivalent transformation rules and thus, combined with other specifications. I. Takarajima et al. extend the ET approach to situations like <I>parallel computations</I>, where the order in which different computations are performed on different processors depends on other processes and is, thus, non-deterministic. Finally, a paper by J. Chandra – based on his invited talk at InTech'04 – describes a <I>general framework</I> for robust and resilient critical infrastructure systems, with potential applications to transportation systems, power grids, communication networks, water resources, health delivery systems, and financial networks. We want to thank all the authors for their outstanding work, the participants of InTech'04 for their helpful suggestions, the anonymous reviewers for their thorough analysis and constructive help, and – last but not the least – to Professor Kaoru Hirota for his kind suggestion to host this issue and to the entire staff of the journal for their tireless work.
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Klein, Maike. "Robotic affective abilities". A Peer-Reviewed Journal About 8, n.º 1 (15 de agosto de 2019): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/aprja.v8i1.115413.
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Within both popular media and (some) scientific contexts, affective and ‘emotional’ machines are assumed to already exist. The aim of this paper is to draw attention to some of the key conceptual and theoretical issues raised by the ostensible affectivity. My investigation starts with three robotic encounters: a robot arm, the first (according to media) ‘emotional’ robot, Pepper, and Mako, a robotic cat. To make sense of affectivity in these encounters, I discuss emotion theoretical implications for affectivity in human-machine-interaction. Which theories have been implemented in the creation of the encountered robots? Being aware that in any given robot, there is no strict implementation of one single emotion theory, I will focus on two commonly used emotion theories: Russell and Mehrabian’s Three-Factor Theory of Emotion (the computational models derived from that theory are known as PAD models) and Ekman’s Basic Emotion Theory. An alternative way to approach affectivity in artificial systems is the Relational Approach of Damiano et al. which emphasizes human-robot-interaction in social robotics. In considering this alternative I also raise questions about the possibility of affectivity in robot-robot-relations.
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Maeda, Yoichiro, e Daisuke Katagami. "Special Issue on Human Symbiotic System". Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 14, n.º 7 (20 de novembro de 2010): 757. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2010.p0757.
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With opportunities for human beings to coexist with artificial agents and autonomous robots are increasing, high-level interactive communication between them is increasingly needed. These human symbiotic systems are used for research on basic intelligent interaction design principles and methods and bidirectional communication based on effective collaboration and symbiosis between human beings and robots, agents, and computers, also known as artifacts. The research society on gHuman Symbiotic System (HSS)h was implemented by the Japan Society for Fuzzy Theory and Intelligent Informatics (SOFT) in 2007. The HSS encourages academic and industrial discussion of research on Human-Agent Interaction (HAI), Human-Robot Interaction (HRI), and Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). The objective of this special issue is to activate and expand top-quality research of HSS theory and applications. Reflecting the fact that this research covers a wide range of topics, we invited researchers from fields including intelligent robotics, human-machine interfaces, and Kansei engineering to contribute. This issue thus provides much of the latest practical research on HSS, introduced by core members of the research society. Of the 22 papers received, 14 were accepted after input from two reviewers each. The first paper, by Y. Tamura et al., presents an attentive deskwork support system that delivers required items objects to deskworkers. The second, by H. Masuta et al., discusses an integrated perceptual system for intelligent service robots. The third, by S. Akiguchi, develops an automatic pattern generation system based on user impression. The fourth, by Y. Jiang et al., deals with a novel interface recognizing directional user intent based on forearm pressure exerted by the user of an omnidirectional walker. The fifth paper, by K. Terabayashi et al., investigates effects of preoperation on the experience of hands of different sizes by classifying preoperations based on the hand/object relationship. The sixth, by Y. Tamura et al., proposes segmenting a performerfs body imitating behavior observed based on a system from which values are obtained by reinforcement learning. The seventh, by D. Katagami et al., discusses group-adaptive behavior based on utterance contents and social standing of a robot. The eighth, by H. Yamaguchi et al., presents a system for using discounted utterances in spontaneous conversations applying text-mining technology. The ninth paper, by A. Otaki et al., focuses on the development of human negotiation skill through interaction between human players and computer agents in bargaining games. The tenth, by D. Katagami et al., is also related to human negotiation skill implementing human gestures in negotiation scenarios for three negotiation agents. The eleventh, by R. Taki et al., realizes interactive emotion communication - bidirectional communication based on emotional behavior between human beings and robots. The twelfth, by J. Ichino et al., investigates the psychological effects of color on online documents through a proposed online document interface. The thirteenth paper, by T. Ando et al., studies the robot facial effectiveness in human interpretation. The fourteenth, by T. Ando et al., models robot self-sufficiency applying an urge system focusing on autonomous emotion. This issue has addressed the importance of HSS and highlighted innovative approaches to the development of artificial system more friendly to users. We thank the authors and referees for their ongoing efforts, without which this issue would not have been possible.
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Park, Sunmin, Ting Zhang e Suna Kang. "Fecal Microbiota Composition, Their Interactions, and Metagenome Function in US Adults with Type 2 Diabetes According to Enterotypes". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, n.º 11 (31 de maio de 2023): 9533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24119533.
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T2DM etiology differs among Asians and Caucasians and may be associated with gut microbiota influenced by different diet patterns. However, the association between fecal bacterial composition, enterotypes, and T2DM susceptibility remained controversial. We investigated the fecal bacterial composition, co-abundance network, and metagenome function in US adults with T2DM compared to healthy adults based on enterotypes. We analyzed 1911 fecal bacterial files of 1039 T2DM and 872 healthy US adults from the Human Microbiome Projects. Operational taxonomic units were obtained after filtering and cleaning the files using Qiime2 tools. Machine learning and network analysis identified primary bacteria and their interactions influencing T2DM incidence, clustered into enterotypes, Bacteroidaceae (ET-B), Lachnospiraceae (ET-L), and Prevotellaceae (ET-P). ET-B showed higher T2DM incidence. Alpha-diversity was significantly lower in T2DM in ET-L and ET-P (p < 0.0001), but not in ET-B. Beta-diversity revealed a distinct separation between T2DM and healthy groups across all enterotypes (p < 0.0001). The XGBoost model exhibited high accuracy and sensitivity. Enterocloster bolteae, Facalicatena fissicatena, Clostridium symbiosum, and Facalibacterium prausnitizii were more abundant in the T2DM group than in the healthy group. Bacteroides koreensis, Oscillibacter ruminantium, Bacteroides uniformis, and Blautia wexlerae were lower in the T2DM than in the healthy group regardless of the enterotypes in the XGBoost model (p < 0.0001). However, the patterns of microbial interactions varied among different enterotypes affecting T2DM risk. The interaction between fecal bacteria was more tightly regulated in the ET-L than in the ET-B and ET-P groups (p < 0.001). Metagenomic analysis revealed an inverse association between bacteria abundance in T2DM, energy utility, butanoate and propanoate metabolism, and the insulin signaling pathway (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, fecal bacteria play a role in T2DM pathogenesis, particularly within different enterotypes, providing valuable insights into the link between gut microbiota and T2DM in the US population.
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Tschanz, Nathaly, e Bianca Baerlocher. "Virtual Reality in Language Teaching". MedienPädagogik: Zeitschrift für Theorie und Praxis der Medienbildung 47 (14 de abril de 2022): 288–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.21240/mpaed/47/2022.04.14.x.
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Virtual reality (VR), which is based on three fundamental principles, namely immersion, interaction and user involvement, is seen as having great a potential in language learning (Merchant et al. 2014; Chen 2016; Lloyd, Rogerson, and Stead 2018). This paper presents the experience of developing VR sequences in language teaching in the ‹Around the world in 5 days› project. The analysis presented here draws on the sociological perspective of ‹Science and Technology Studies› (STS) to take a critical look at human-machine interaction. Each phase of the project, from the development of lesson planning and VR sequences to user testing and classroom use, was documented and scientifically monitored. The article first gives an overview of approaches to VRLEs in terms of ‹immersion› and ‹presence›, presents the main findings made from theoretical conception to technical implementation.
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Torres Núñez del Prado, Paola. "AIELSON: A neural spoken-word poetry generator with a distinct South American voice". Journal of Interdisciplinary Voice Studies 7, n.º 1 (1 de agosto de 2022): 11–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jivs_00052_1.
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Human‐computer interaction will soon be framed as a dialogue in-between two agents, rather than the imposition of the needs and desires of the human entity over the inert machine. As the latter become seemingly more intelligent, we will witness how they reshape art, knowledge and society in general even more in the not-so-distant future. In this framework, decolonization of their algorithms becomes imperative so as not to reproduce the ethnic and cultural biases that prevail in contemporary human society. By using a pre-trained transformer-based language model (GPT-2) (Radford et al. 2019a), retrained with poetry in Spanish, fine-tuned on examples of South American poetry recited by two different text-to-speech synthesis systems ‐ the Tacotron 2 (Radford et al. 2019b) + Waveglow (Prenger et al. 2018) ‐ coupled posteriorly using the ESPnet-TTS toolkit (Hayashi et al. 2020), trained on an Argentinean voice dataset fine-tuned on voice snippets of Peruvian poet Jorge Eduardo Eielson, I came up with a selection of spoken-word poems in a distinctly Latin American voice that ended up presented as the El Tiempo del Hombre (‘The Time of Man’) album, printed on a set of four 7-inch lathe-cut stereo vinyl discs. This process turns into a self-reflecting gesture when the dataset used for training is based on South American Artistic Traditions of both the present and the past.
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Engelke, Ulrich, Andreas Duenser e Anthony Zeater. "Covert Visual Search". International Journal of Cognitive Informatics and Natural Intelligence 8, n.º 3 (julho de 2014): 13–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcini.2014070102.
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Selective attention is an important cognitive resource to account for when designing effective human-machine interaction and cognitive computing systems. Much of our knowledge about attention processing stems from search tasks that are usually framed around Treisman's feature integration theory and Wolfe's Guided Search. However, search performance in these tasks has mainly been investigated using an overt attention paradigm. Covert attention on the other hand has hardly been investigated in this context. To gain a more thorough understanding of human attentional processing and especially covert search performance, the authors have experimentally investigated the relationship between overt and covert visual search for targets under a variety of target/distractor combinations. The overt search results presented in this work agree well with the Guided Search studies by Wolfe et al. The authors show that the response times are considerably more influenced by the target/distractor combination than by the attentional search paradigm deployed. While response times are similar between the overt and covert search conditions, they found that error rates are considerably higher in covert search. They further show that response times between participants are stronger correlated as the search task complexity increases. The authors discuss their findings and put them into the context of earlier research on visual search.
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de Laat, Maarten, Srecko Joksimovic e Dirk Ifenthaler. "Artificial intelligence, real-time feedback and workplace learning analytics to support in situ complex problem-solving: a commentary". International Journal of Information and Learning Technology 37, n.º 5 (17 de agosto de 2020): 267–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijilt-03-2020-0026.
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PurposeTo help workers make the right decision, over the years, technological solutions and workplace learning analytics systems have been designed to aid this process (Ruiz-Calleja et al., 2019). Recent developments in artificial intelligence (AI) have the potential to further revolutionise the integration of human and artificial learning and will impact human and machine collaboration during team work (Seeber et al., 2020).Design/methodology/approachComplex problem-solving has been identified as one of the key skills for the future workforce (Hager and Beckett, 2019). Problems faced by today's workforce emerge in situ and everyday workplace learning is seen as an effective way to develop the skills and experience workers need to embrace these problems (Campbell, 2005; Jonassen et al., 2006).FindingsIn this commentary the authors argue that the increased digitization of work and social interaction, combined with recent research on workplace learning analytics and AI opens up the possibility for designing automated real-time feedback systems capable of just-in-time, just-in-place support during complex problem-solving at work. As such, these systems can support augmented learning and professional development in situ.Originality/valueThe commentary reflects on the benefits of automated real-time feedback systems and argues for the need of shared research agenda to cohere research in the direction of AI-enabled workplace analytics and real-time feedback to support learning and development in the workplace.
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Chaudhuri, Avijit Kumar, Arkadip Ray, Dilip K. Banerjee e Anirban Das. "A Multi-Stage Approach Combining Feature Selection with Machine Learning Techniques for Higher Prediction Reliability and Accuracy in Cervical Cancer Diagnosis". International Journal of Intelligent Systems and Applications 13, n.º 5 (8 de outubro de 2021): 46–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5815/ijisa.2021.05.05.
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Cervical cancer is the fourth most prevalent cancer in women which has claimed 3,41,831 lives and accounted for 6,04,127 new cases in 2020 worldwide. To reduce such a vast mortality rate, early detection of the disease is essential. A fast, accurate, and interpretable machine learning model is a research subject. Fewer features reduce the computational effort and improve interpretation. A 3-Stage Hybrid feature selection approach and a Stacked Classification model are evaluated on the cervical cancer dataset obtained from the UCI Machine Learning Repository with 35 features and one outcome variable. Stage-1 uses a Genetic Algorithm and Logistic Regression Architecture for Feature Selection and selects twelve features well correlated with the class but not among themselves. Stage-2 utilizes the same Genetic Algorithm and Logistic Regression Architecture for Feature Selection to select five features. In Stage-3, Logistic Regression (LR), Naïve Bayes (NB), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Extra Trees (ET), Random Forest (RF), and Gradient Boosting (GDB) are used with the five features to identify patients with or without cancer. Data splitting, several metrics, and statistical tests are used, along with 10-fold cross validation, to do a comparative analysis. LR, NB, SVM, ET, RF, and GDB demonstrate improvement across performance measures by reducing the number of features to five. In the 66-34 split, all five machine learning methods except NB recorded 97% accuracy with 5 features. Also, the Stacked model produced higher than 96% accuracy with five features in 66-34 and 80-20 splits, and in 10-fold cross validation. Various performance aggregators have shown improved results with reduced features when compared to previous studies. Finally, with approximately 100% performance in classification results, the suggested ensemble model showed its promise. The output results were compared to those of other studies on the same dataset, and the proposed classifiers were found to be the most effective across all performance dimensions.
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Fang, Hongchao, e Pengtao Xie. "An End-to-End Contrastive Self-Supervised Learning Framework for Language Understanding". Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics 10 (2022): 1324–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00521.
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Abstract Self-supervised learning (SSL) methods such as Word2vec, BERT, and GPT have shown great effectiveness in language understanding. Contrastive learning, as a recent SSL approach, has attracted increasing attention in NLP. Contrastive learning learns data representations by predicting whether two augmented data instances are generated from the same original data example. Previous contrastive learning methods perform data augmentation and contrastive learning separately. As a result, the augmented data may not be optimal for contrastive learning. To address this problem, we propose a four-level optimization framework that performs data augmentation and contrastive learning end-to-end, to enable the augmented data to be tailored to the contrastive learning task. This framework consists of four learning stages, including training machine translation models for sentence augmentation, pretraining a text encoder using contrastive learning, finetuning a text classification model, and updating weights of translation data by minimizing the validation loss of the classification model, which are performed in a unified way. Experiments on datasets in the GLUE benchmark (Wang et al., 2018a) and on datasets used in Gururangan et al. (2020) demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.
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Catteau, Fanny, e Claudia S. Bianchini. "Mise en place d’un protocole d’identification de traits articulatoires communs à la gestualité co-verbale du français et à la Langue des Signes Française (LSF): application au geste épistémique". Faits de Langues 53, n.º 2 (19 de agosto de 2024): 89–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19589514-53020005.
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Abstract This article focuses on the articulatory characteristics of epistemic gestures (i.e., gestures used to express certainty or uncertainty) in co-speech gestures (CSG) in French and in French Sign Language (LSF). It presents a new methodology for analysis, which relies on the complementary use of manual annotation (using Typannot) and semi-automatic annotation (using AlphaPose) to highlight the kinesiological characteristics of these epistemic gestures. The presented methodology allows to analyze the flexion/extension movements of the head in epistemic contexts. The results of this analysis show that in CSG and LSF: (1) head nods passing through the neutral position (i.e., head straight with no flexion/extension) and high movement speed are markers of certainty; and (2) holding the head position away from the neutral position and low movement speed indicate uncertainty. This study is conducted within the framework of the ANR LexiKHuM project, which develops kinesthetic communication solutions for human-machine interaction.
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ZIMMERMANN, Mike. "De quelques enjeux du couplage corps-machine". Revue Mosaïques, Volume 1, Numéro 7 (22 de dezembro de 2022): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.5879.
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Le corps est une figure centrale dans le cinéma d’horreur : véritable laboratoire d’alchimiste, le film sert de cadre aux expérimentations esthétiques et plastiques et explore, parfois jusqu’à l’aberration, les limites de la corporéité. Le présent article tente de réfléchir aux possibles hybridations de la machine avec le corps humain. Il propose modestement de cartographie et de questionner cet imaginaire plastique du couplage corps-machine au cinéma.
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Côté, Anne-Marie, e Zhan Su. "Évolutions de l’intelligence artificielle au travail et collaborations humain-machine". Ad machina, n.º 5 (14 de fevereiro de 2022): 144–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1522/radm.no5.1413.
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L'intelligence artificielle (IA) est de plus en plus présente dans toutes les sphères de la société. Elle est d’ailleurs sur le point de bouleverser radicalement les milieux de travail et la vie quotidienne. Cette évolution imminente suscite cependant de nombreuses inquiétudes, notamment sur le marché du travail. Le déploiement de l'IA pourrait supprimer plus d'emplois qu'il n'en crée et modifier leur nature, y compris dans le cas des emplois qualifiés. En réponse à la pandémie de COVID-19, de nombreuses entreprises à travers le monde ont dû prendre dans l’urgence le virage numérique afin d’assurer leur survie. Cette crise pourrait d’ailleurs constituer un tournant dans l'adoption de nouvelles technologies telles que l'IA. Cette étude explore les grandes tendances associées aux évolutions qu’apporte l’IA au marché du travail et aux nouvelles collaborations humain-machine. Allant bien au-delà de la simple automatisation de processus de tâches répétitives, l’alliance de l’IA à l’humain a le potentiel d’augmenter les capacités humaines, de permettre aux individus de mieux travailler ensemble et ainsi de devenir un puissant levier d’innovation et de créativité.
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Demir, Mustafa, Nathan J. McNeese, Manrong She e Nancy J. Cooke. "Team Coordination of Team Situation Awareness in Human-Autonomy Teaming". Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 63, n.º 1 (novembro de 2019): 146–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181319631259.
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Project Overview Team Situation Awareness (TSA), which is a part of team cognition, is a critical factor that influences team effectiveness. It can be defined as getting the right information from the right person within the right amount of time, in order to overcome an unexpected event (Gorman, Cooke, Pederson, Connor, & DeJoode, 2005). TSA is developed and maintained through team interactions, allowing for the measurement of TSA based on team interaction (Cooke & Gorman, 2009). In the current study, a specific measure, Coordinated Awareness of Situation by Teams (CAST) is used (Cooke & Gorman, 2009). CAST evaluates the effectiveness and efficiency of team interaction under “roadblock” scenarios (Gorman, Cooke, & Winner, 2006). These roadblocks represent novel situations in the task and require effective team communication and coordination. Team members must assess the situation according to their own specialized role and/or resources and coordinate with other team members to overcome each separate roadblock. In this task, effective communication refers to team anticipation. That is, each team member needs to anticipate each other’s needs by pushing information rather than pulling information during the task (Demir, McNeese, & Cooke, 2017). In this study, we examined how pushing and pulling information, and CAST were associated with Team Situation Awareness (TSA) in both Human-Autonomy (HAT) and all-human teams in simulated Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS) task environment. In this research, we integrated the synthetic agent to the Cognitive Engineering Research on Team Tasks Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems - Synthetic Task Environment (CERTT-RPAS-STE) which was designed to be both a flexible research platform and a realistic task environment with a view to researching team performance and interaction-based measures of team cognition. In the simulated CERTT testbed, there are three heterogeneous teammates who need to take good photos of each target waypoint by communicating via text-chat: (1) the navigator who creates a dynamic flight plan and provides information about the waypoints, the RPA’s airspeed, and altitude restrictions to the pilot; (2) the pilot, who controls the RPA’s heading, altitude, and airspeed, and negotiates with the photographer in order to take a good photo; and (3) the photographer, who monitors sensor equipment in order to take photographs of target waypoints and sends feedback to the other team members about the quality of the photo. This project aimed to understand how team behaviors and team performance differed between HATs and all-human teams in RPAS operations: (1) the synthetic condition—the pilot role was given to the synthetic teammate, which was an ACT-R based cognitive model (which had a limited interaction ability, see Ball et al., 2010; Demir et al., 2015); (2) the control condition—the pilot was a randomly selected human participant, just like the other two participants; and (3) the experimenter condition—one of the experimenters served as an expert pilot. Experimenter condition utilized a Wizard of Oz paradigm in which a trained experimenter (located in a separate room) used a script to imitate a synthetic teammate and communicated with participants in limited communication behaviors but pushing and pulling information in a timely manner (robust coordination). Method There were 30 teams (10 for each condition): control teams consisted of three participants randomly assigned to each role; synthetic and experimenter teams included two participants randomly assigned to the navigator and photographer roles. The experiment took place over five 40-minute missions, and the goal was to take as many “good” photos of ground targets as possible while avoiding alarms and rule violations. During each mission, teams were presented with “roadblocks” by the introduction of a new, ad hoc target waypoint. We collected several measures, but we focused on: the proportion of roadblocks overcome per mission as an outcome measure of TSA; the CAST which is a coordination sequence of team interaction across the team members (i.e. which team members share with team members their experience during the roadblock); and verbal behaviors such as pushing and pulling information. Results and discussion In this team task, effective teamwork involves anticipating the needs of teammates, which in turn means pushing information before it is requested. However, in addition to anticipation, effective coordination is also needed during roadblocks. HATs demonstrated significantly lower levels of CAST than all-human teams. These results indicate that HATs’ lack of anticipation and coordination resulted in poorer TSA performance. These findings help HATs to grow its coordination and communication methodologies. Finally, future studies might examine the relationships highlighted in this study via nonlinear measures in terms of team stability and flexibility based on their communication and coordination patterns during the novel events. HAT is here to stay but improvements to human-machine interactions must continue if we are to improve team effectiveness.
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Bouteille-Brigant, Magali. "Les enjeux juridiques des interfaces cerveau-machine". Les Cahiers de la Justice N° 3, n.º 3 (13 de setembro de 2023): 469–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/cdlj.2303.0469.
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Résumé Les interfaces cerveau-machine sont des neurotechnologies permettant de décrypter les intentions d'une personne et de les transformer en commande à destination d'un ordinateur. Si leur développement est initialement lié à des considérations thérapeutiques ou médicales, il ouvre également la porte à l'augmentation des capacités intellectuelles et cognitives humaines recherchée par les tenants du courant transhumaniste. Ces nouvelles technologies représentent un défi majeur pour notre droit, qui devra non seulement savoir s'adapter pour contrer les risques d'intrusion, de discriminations, et d'aliénation dont elles sont porteuses, mais qui pourrait également voir ses fondements même bouleversés, tant elles sont susceptibles de remettre en cause la distinction des personnes et des choses, ou notre dispositif de protection du corps humain.
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Beelen, Axel. "AI & IP: Solving the rebus of Dabus". Pin Code N° 15, n.º 3 (11 de setembro de 2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/pinc.015.0001.
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Stephen Thaler (et l’organisation qui est derrière lui) explore les frontières de l’intelligence artificielle (IA) avec le droit d’auteur et le droit des brevets. D’un côté, Thaler a tenté d’obtenir l’enregistrement d’une « œuvre » créée uniquement par une IA auprès du US Copyright Office. D’un autre côté, il a essayé, auprès de plusieurs pays du monde, de faire en sorte que DABUS, un système d’IA créé par lui-même, puisse être reconnu comme étant l’unique inventeur de deux inventions. Ses essais ont été à chaque fois rejetés : une œuvre ne peut être protégée en termes de titre d’auteur que si elle est l’expression de la créativité d’un être humain et un brevet ne sera accordé que si l’inventeur est un être humain ou une entreprise, et non une machine .
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Dumouchel, Daniel. "Matérialisme et unité de l’être humain : le défi du dualisme cartésien chez La Mettrie et d’Holbach". Dialogue 49, n.º 4 (dezembro de 2010): 561–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0012217310000697.
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RÉSUMÉLe présent article se propose de réfléchir sur le rôle que joue la pensée philosophique de Descartes chez deux des principaux philosophes matérialistes du xviiie siècle, Julien Offray de La Mettrie et le baron d’Holbach. Alors que les deux philosophes s’entendent sur le caractère aberrant et inintelligible de la spiritualité de l’âme, l’interprétation qu’ils font de la signification des conséquences du cartésianisme diffère. Tandis que l’auteur de L’homme-machine feint de voir dans le dualisme cartésien une ruse destinée aux théologiens, qui cache un matérialisme souterrain qui ne révélerait sa véritable portée que dans l’analogie de la machine appliquée à l’être humain, l’auteur du Système de la nature élève l’erreur cartésienne au rang d’emblème de l’ignorance philosophique causée par l’autonomisation de l’imagination théorique.
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Villard, Marie-Aline, e Matthieu Lapeyre. "About a Shared Movement Experience with a Humanoid Robot: The In‑Between as Maintaining Living". L’Entre-deux et l’Imaginaire, n.º 37 (30 de junho de 2016): 193–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.35562/iris.1505.
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Cet article part du constat que la robotique humanoïde se mêle de notre sens kinesthésique. Il cherche donc à explorer une situation de mouvement partagé entre l’humain et le robot humanoïde (Poppy). En postulant une certaine connaissance de l’autre par le mouvement, il s’agit d’envisager la possibilité d’une sensation de mouvement interne entre un humain et un robot. Cette interaction n’invite-t-elle pas à penser non pas l’entre-deux comme ce qui opposerait deux différences, mais plutôt comme l’espace d’une pratique ? Réfléchir à l’entre-deux humain/robot dans la situation de transmission du geste nous conduira à se demander ce qui vit entre ces deux corps, et ainsi à explorer les notions d’écart et de tension.
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Villard, Marie-Aline, e Matthieu Lapeyre. "About a Shared Movement Experience with a Humanoid Robot: The In‑Between as Maintaining Living". L’Entre-deux et l’Imaginaire, n.º 37 (30 de junho de 2016): 193–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.35562/iris.1505.
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Cet article part du constat que la robotique humanoïde se mêle de notre sens kinesthésique. Il cherche donc à explorer une situation de mouvement partagé entre l’humain et le robot humanoïde (Poppy). En postulant une certaine connaissance de l’autre par le mouvement, il s’agit d’envisager la possibilité d’une sensation de mouvement interne entre un humain et un robot. Cette interaction n’invite-t-elle pas à penser non pas l’entre-deux comme ce qui opposerait deux différences, mais plutôt comme l’espace d’une pratique ? Réfléchir à l’entre-deux humain/robot dans la situation de transmission du geste nous conduira à se demander ce qui vit entre ces deux corps, et ainsi à explorer les notions d’écart et de tension.
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Bury, Véronique. "Trois séquences de la journée d’une psychomotricienne". Perspectives Psy 60, n.º 4 (outubro de 2021): 354–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ppsy/2021604354.
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Trois séquences de la journée d’une psychomotricienne afin de transmettre comment cette profession peut se décliner dans divers milieux institutionnels, quel que soit l’âge du patient. Le(la) psychomotricien(ne) s’intéresse au langage du corps (sa fonction tonique et posturale, son vécu sensoriel…) en interaction avec le milieu humain. Sa clinique prend sens et s’enrichit dans les regards croisés de la pluridisciplinarité.
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Mihuț, Anca-Daniela. "La force d’abandonner le pouvoir : Stanislavski explorateur des vertus creatrices du subconscient". Cercetări teatrale 4, Special (2023): 55–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.46522/ct.2023.s1.04.
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A une époque dominée par l’intérêt pour la raison, la technique et le progrès, qui prenait le corps humain pour une « machine », sinon tout à fait pour une « usine », Stanislavski, inspiré par les théories de Freud, Ribot, mais aussi par les philosophies orientales et les études de William James, Pavlov et Secenov, tourne son attention vers le corps subtil des émotions et le subconscient. Il comprend que le subconscient ne peut pas être dominé ou contrôlé, mais seulement stimulé pour qu’il revèle ses potentialités créatrices. L’article explore certaines des directions de recherche suivies par Stanislavski afin de découvrir des moyens d’accéder au subconscient.
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Sgurev, Vassil, Vladimir Jotsov e Mincho Hadjiski. "Intelligent Systems: Methodology, Models, and Applications in Emerging Technologies". Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 9, n.º 1 (20 de janeiro de 2005): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2005.p0003.
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From year to year the number of investigations on intelligent systems grows rapidly. For example this year 245 papers from 45 countries were sent for the Second International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Systems (www.ieee-is.org; www.fnts-bg.org/is) and this is an increase of more than 50% by all indicators. The presented papers on intelligent systems were marked by big audiences and they provoked a significant interest that ultimately led to the formation of vivid discussions, exchange of ideas and locally provoked the creation of working groups for different applied projects. All this reflects the worldwide tendencies for the leading role of the research on intelligent systems theoretically and practically. The greater part of the presented research dealt with traditional for the intelligent systems problems like artificial intelligence, knowledge engineering, intelligent agents, neural and fuzzy networks, intelligent data processing, intelligent control and decision making systems, and also new interdisciplinary problems like ontology and semantics in Internet, fuzzy intuitionistic logic. The majority of papers from the European and American researchers are dedicated to the theory and the applications of the intelligent systems with machine learning, fuzzy inference or uncertainty. Another big group of papers focuses on the domain of building and integrating ontologies of applications with heterogeneous multiagent systems. A great number of papers on intelligent systems deals with fuzzy sets. The papers of many other researchers underscore the significance of the contemporary perception-oriented methods and also of different applications in the intelligent systems. On the first place this is valid for the paradigm of L. A. Zadeh 'computing with words'. The Guest Editors in the present specialized journal volume would like to introduce a wealth of research with an applied and theoretical character that possesses a common characteristic and it is the conference best papers complemented and updated by the new elaborations of the authors during the last half a year. A short description of the presented in the volume papers follows. In 'Combining Local and Global Access to Ontologies in a Multiagent System' <B>R. Brena and H. Ceballos (Mexico)</B> proposed an original way for operation with ontologies where a part of the ontology is processed by a client's component and the rest is transmitted to the other agents by an ontology agent. The inter-agent communication is improved in this way. In 'Fuzzy Querying of Evolutive Situations: Application to Driving Situations' <B>S. Ould Yahia and S. Loriette-Rougegrez (France)</B> present an approach to analysis of driving situations using multimedia images and fuzzy estimates that will improve the driver's security. In 'Rememberng What You Forget in an Online Shopping Context' <B>M. Halvey and M. Keane (Ireland)</B> presented their approach to constructing online system that predicts the items for future shopping sessions using a novel idea called Memory Zones. In 'Reinforcement Learning for Online Industrial Process Control' the authors <B>J. Govindhasamy et al. (Ireland)</B> use a synthesis of dynamic programming, reinforcement learning and backpropagation for a goal of modeling and controlling an industrial grinding process. The felicitous combination of methods contributes for a greater effectiveness of the applications compared to the existing controllers. In 'Dynamic Visualization of Information: From Database to Dataspace' the authors <B>C. St-Jacques and L. Paquin (Canada)</B> suggested a friendly online access to large multimedia databases. <B>W. Huang (UK)</B> redefines in 'Towards Context-Aware Knowledge Management in e-Enterprises' the concept of context in intelligent systems and proposes a set of meta-information elements for context description in a business environment. His approach is applicable in the E-business, in the Semantic Web and in the Semantic Grid. In 'Block-Based Change Detection in the Presence of Ambient Illuminaion Variations' <B>T. Alexandropoulos et al. (Greece)</B> use a statistic analysis, clustering and pattern recognition algorithms, etc. for the goal of noise extraction and the global illumination correction. In 'Combining Argumentation and Web Search Technology: Towards a Qualitative Approach for Ranking Results' <B>C. Chesñevar (Spain) and A. Maguitman (USA)</B> proposed a recommender system for improving the WEB search. Defeasible argumentation and decision support methods have been used in the system. In 'Modified Axiomatic Basis of Subjective Probability' <B>K. Tenekedjiev et al. (Bulgaria)</B> make a contribution to the axiomatic approach to subjective uncertainty by introducing a modified set of six axioms to subjective probabilities. In 'Fuzzy Rationality in Quantitative Decision Analysis' <B>N. Nikolova et al. (Bulgaria)</B> present a discussion on fuzzy rationality in the elicitation of subjective probabilities and utilities. The possibility to make this special issue was politely offered to the Guest Editors by Prof. Kaoru Hirota, Prof. Toshio Fukuda and we thank them for that. Due to the help of Kenta Uchino and also due to the new elaborations presented by explorers from Europe and America the appearance of this special issue became possible.
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Wormwood, M. J. "MT Project at University of Innsbruck". Meta 37, n.º 2 (30 de setembro de 2002): 302–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/004620ar.
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Résumé Ce compte rendu s'inscrit dans le cadre d'un projet de recherche ayant pour objectif une comparaison entre traduction automatique et traduction humaine. Un exemple de traduction (allemand-anglais) effectuée par un programme interactif est examiné et comparé à la traduction faite par des étudiants-traducteurs. Le texte choisi, un texte technico-commercial relativement simple, est d'un type réputé apte à la traduction automatique. Les difficultés les plus fréquentes rencontrées par la traduction automatique aux différents niveaux linguistiques sont commentées, et les aspects essentiels d'une traduction dont le traducteur humain peut tenir compte mais non la machine évoqués.
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Daubigny, Corinne-Déborah. "Délirer dans le réel, vers un désengendrement généralisé ? 2. Délirer dans les machines « humaines »". Le Coq-héron N° 254, n.º 3 (25 de setembro de 2023): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/cohe.254.0119.
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« Délirer dans les machines » : faire marcher les humains comme des machines, les transformer en machine, les remplacer par des machines, les rendre esseulés, réifiés, désengendrés. Quelques techniques et dérives contemporaines, langagières et opératoires, dans les domaines du politique, de la guerre, des fabriques de filiation, de la procréation, de l’intelligence artificielle, et de la sexualité. Face à la perte de sens du réel, aux confusions entre fantasmes et réalité, aux attaques contre la pensée, préserver nos capacités à faire face à la réalité, à nous inscrire dans l’histoire du genre humain, aux valeurs attachées à la reconnaissance l’altérité du prochain, au sens réel et symbolique de la différence des sexes, et de l’amour bien tempéré.
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Malka, Liora. "La danse ou la mort : l’art de la terreur sans le sang". Protée 27, n.º 1 (12 de abril de 2005): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/030540ar.
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La vidéo de Robert Wilson, La Mort de Molière, contient quatre scènes où l’action peut être identifiée à une danse. Bien qu’une danse communique toujours l’image d’un corps humain en mouvement, cette production de Wilson génère une distinction et, par la suite, une interaction entre un corps dansant et d’autres images du corps, celles entre autres du corps de Molière mourant. Mon analyse porte plus spécifiquement sur ces interrelations entre le corps dansant et le corps mourant, afin de mieux comprendre celles entre le monde fictionnel de Molière et l’univers esthétique de Wilson.
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Langer, I., I. Tikhonova, S. Vatinel, A. Ferrand, F. Lopez, JP Estève, L. Moroder, C. Boulegue e D. Fourmy. "C8 - Mise en évidence d’une interaction directe et fonctionnelle entre le récepteur CCK2 humain et la RGS2". Gastroentérologie Clinique et Biologique 30, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2006): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0399-8320(06)73088-3.
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Collot, Michel. "Romantisme et écopoétique". RELIEF - Revue électronique de littérature française 16, n.º 1 (8 de julho de 2022): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.51777/relief12337.
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La réception du romantisme par l’écopoétique contemporaine est partagée entre deux tendances opposées : d’un côté la reconnaissance d’une filiation voire la revendication d’un héritage ; de l’autre une méfiance, voire un rejet, qui témoigne d’une certaine méconnaissance de la complexité et de la diversité du romantisme. Le sentiment romantique de la nature est souvent soupçonné de reconduire une attitude anthropocentrique voire égocentrique à l’égard de la nature. Cet article vise à montrer que, loin d’être la simple projection des affects du sujet sur le monde extérieur, ce sentiment résulte d’une interaction entre le dedans et le dehors, dont le paysage est le lieu privilégié et qui engage un état du corps autant qu’un état de l’âme. Relisant à la lumière de l’écopoétique quelques-unes de ses expressions les plus radicales, choisies chez Wordsworth, Shelley, Byron, Goethe, Senancour, Guérin ou George Sand, nous y faisons apparaître un lien viscéral entre l’être humain et son environnement, illustrant la contribution du romantisme à l’émergence d’une conscience écologique.
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Tijus, Charles. "Après-propos. L’intelligence artificielle : une autre intelligence ?" Enfance N° 1, n.º 1 (28 de março de 2024): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/enf2.241.0051.
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La comparaison permettant de distinguer, de spécifier et d’asseoir la connaissance, dans la lignée des articles de ce numéro thématique sur la mesure de l’intelligence humaine, nous questionnons ce qu’est l’intelligence artificielle. Qu’en est-il ? Que sont ces systèmes techniques, ces ordinateurs, robots mais aussi habits et habitacles, qualifiés d’intelligents : habit intelligent, voiture intelligente , maison intelligente, ville intelligente ? Sont-ils destinés à résoudre des problèmes qui sont les nôtres ? Peut-on mesurer leur intelligence ? À l’ère de l’IA générative et des jumeaux numériques humains, nous préconisons que la mesure de l’intelligence artificielle soit à la mesure de son adaptation à l’humain : savoir à quel point la machine est adaptée à son utilisateur humain.
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Chavel, Thierry. "La rencontre humaine est-elle soluble dans l’intelligence artificielle ?" Management international 28, n.º 2 (2024): 142–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.59876/a-ma53-q5cw.
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Avec la numérisation du monde, la réalité n’est plus ce qu’elle était. Je peux avoir l’illusion d’être ici et ailleurs. Un cloud remplace ma mémoire personnelle. L’autre du débat s’efface au profit du même des communautés virtuelles. La 4e révolution industrielle n’est pas qu’un saut technologique, c’est surtout un choix de société qui renouvelle en profondeur l’exercice du leadership et ses trois fondements humanistes : la fragilité, l’altérité et la responsabilité. L’irruption d’outils de machine learning tels que Chat-GPT transforme violemment les métiers de la prestation intellectuelle. Un algorithme sophistiqué peut désormais produire un langage cohérent, vraisemblable et interactif. A l’image des avocats pressés, des recruteurs en batterie et des collégiens paresseux, la tribu coach voit muter sa liturgie de la présence. Concrètement, quelle place l’intelligence artificielle (IA) va-t-elle prendre dans l’accompagnement humain ?
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Varennes, Fernand de. "Langue et discrimination au Canada". Canadian Journal of Law & Jurisprudence 5, n.º 2 (julho de 1992): 321–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0841820900001454.
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[L]anguage is not merely a means of interpersonal communication and influence. It is not merely a carrier of content, whether latent or manifest. Language itself is content, a reference to loyalties and animosities, an indicator of social statuses and personal relationships, a marker of situations and topics as well as of the societal goals and the large-scale value-laden arenas of interaction that typify every speech community.L’importance des droits en matière linguistique est fondée sur le rôle essentiel que joue la langue dans l’existence, le développement et la dignité de l’être humain. C’est par la langue que nous pouvons former des concepts, structurer et ordonner le monde autour de nous. Le langage constitue le pont entre l’isolement et la collectivité, qui permet aux êtres humains de délimiter les droits et obligations qu’ils ont les uns envers les autres, et ainsi vivre en société.
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Gay, Chris, Barry Horowitz, John Elshaw, Philip Bobko e Inki Kim. "Operator Suspicion and Decision Responses to Cyber-Attacks on Unmanned Ground Vehicle Systems". Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 61, n.º 1 (setembro de 2017): 226–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601540.
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Cyber-attacks against cyber-physical systems (CPS), such as unmanned vehicles, are emergent threats with potentially catastrophic impacts, and this issue has drawn considerable interest by military agencies. Abundant body of research has attempted to address the physical security aspects of CPS; however, research addressing the human dimensions of cyber-attack detection and responses from an operator and operational perspective is sparse. This research has provided a novel probe into the human factors affecting operator resilience in responding to cyber-attacks, which are situations characterized by uncertainty and malicious intent. The variability of individual operators makes it improbable to grasp the full range of factors contributing to operator performance; however, the application of Suspicion Theory as proposed by Bobko et al. (2013), provides a starting point to aid in understanding operator performance in situations involving malicious intent (e.g. a cyber-attack). According to the theory, malicious intent is a critical component of operator suspicion, which is a key factor in operator response to cyber-attacks. The current research explored this human dimension through scenario-based, human-in-the-loop simulation experiments with Air Force personnel. It included both abstract and empirical assessments of the application of Suspicion Theory to operator detection and responses to cyber-attacks against an unmanned vehicle system, and it took a systems-oriented approach to the problem by considering the interaction of a Human-Machine Team (HMT) in the response. The HMT here refers to an operator and a Sentinel, which is an automated cyber-attack detection aid. The study evaluated the effects of suspicion, as well as the effects of perceived consequence, on the operator, and the resulting HMT quality of performance in responding to alerts, including both false alarms and properly detected cyber-attack scenarios. The findings show that Sentinel alerts alone do not create operator suspicion. Instead, alerts can serve as a catalyst for a wider information search by the operator, which, on a situational basis can lead to formation of increased operator suspicion. The analysis of experimental results pointed to a negative correlation between operator suspicion and performance score that measured the quality of a response to the given scenario. In addition, a strong correlation between HMT performance score and task response time was noted.
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Bouratsis, Sofia Eliza. "Auto-métamorphoses". Cahiers de recherche sociologique, n.º 50 (27 de setembro de 2011): 55–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1005977ar.
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Les questions fondamentales liées à la connaissance de la nature du vivant, aux limites scientifiques et éthiques des possibilités du corps humain, mais aussi aux frontières qui séparent les êtres vivants et les machines, l’humain et l’animal, sont aujourd’hui au centre d’importants débats transdisciplinaires. à partir des oeuvres d’art qui utilisent les méthodes biotechnologiques comme moyens et champs de questionnement, sont questionnées les potentialités insoupçonnées du vivant liées à ces avancées en mettant en évidence les esthétiques du méta-corps « recréé » et « reconstruit » de l’homme bionique. Je présente cinq catégories « idéals-typiques » des esthétiques dubioart qui permettent de situer ces fictions artistiques dans le contexte de la réalité biotechnologique actuelle. Ces cinq « tableaux de pensée » ne sont évidemment pas hermétiques : corps translucide, prothèses du corps (symbiose de l’homme et de la machine), hybridités transspécifiques (rencontre avec l’absolument Autre), cultures du « semi-vivant » (nouvelles peaux et « bio-facts ») et désir d’ubiquité.
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Rey, Stéphanie, Christophe Bortolaso, Anke M. Brock, Célia Picard, Mustapha Derras e Nadine Couture. "Interaction homme-machine et personnalisation des visites : enjeux et perspectives critiques". Culture & musées, n.º 35 (1 de junho de 2020): 77–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/culturemusees.4527.
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Makaremi, M. "Les enjeux d'une nouvelle interface". Revue d'Orthopédie Dento-Faciale 52, n.º 4 (outubro de 2018): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/odf/2018026.
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Les progrès effectués dans les domaines de l'intelligence artificielle et des sciences informatiques auront un impact majeur sur la pratique médicale au cours des décennies à venir. Les investissements considérables déployés par les géants du numérique dans leur filiales santé en sont la preuve. Les stratégies d'automatisation dont pourraient, quand ils ne le peuvent déjà, bénéficier les praticiens, génèrent peurs et fantasmes. Elles invitent à procéder très rapidement à la réflexion sur les enjeux de l'interface homme-machine (IHM) dans les pratiques médicales et en particulier dans le domaine de l'orthopédie dento- faciale. Les algorithmes sont certes supérieurs au cerveau humain pour décrypter et analyser des données mais il leur est impossible de créer des codes informatiques pour modéliser le sens clinique. C'est là que réside la plus-value de nos cerveaux - et pour longtemps encore.
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Battalora, Linda. "Technology Focus: Health, Safety, and Environment (August 2024)". Journal of Petroleum Technology 76, n.º 08 (1 de agosto de 2024): 77–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0824-0077-jpt.
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This year’s Health, Safety, and Environment (HSE) Technical Focus feature showcases industry advancements in sustainability practices through use of new digital technologies and circular economy, decarbonization, ecosystem, and biodiversity principles. Paper OTC 35396 graphically describes a holistic approach for industrial systems by strategic (outer) and operational (inner) circles integrating cybersecurity with process safety and human factors. Information technology, operations technology, and engineering technology converge to provide advanced opportunities for risk analysis, protection of critical systems, resilience of production systems, and personal and environmental safety, resulting in an integrated incident response. Paper SPE 216385 presents how, as part of a strategy to advance environmental excellence, a national oil company implemented sustainable and circular decarbonization, ecosystem, and biodiversity initiatives at Abu Ali Island, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. The initiatives include development of mangrove nurseries and plantation campaigns, construction of the Abu Ali Fish Hatchery, repurposing 34 km of old subsea pipelines to become coral reef habitats, rerouting treated sewage water to an irrigation system, converting food waste to compost to be used as fertilizer for agriculture, and continuous beach-cleaning campaigns. These actions promote the company’s sustainability focus areas of climate change and energy transition, safe operations, and people development, thereby minimizing environmental impact and growing societal value. Paper SPE 216338 describes how an operator implemented a new culture of circular decommissioning by applying the 3R circular economy principle—reuse, recycle, and reduce—during engineering and decommissioning of projects. To achieve asset-value maximization and CO2 footprint reduction, preused assets are reused for new projects and designs are created for long-life assets, products, and components. Modules and components are standardized to enable reuse and cost effectiveness, and assets and portions of assets are designed for reuse. This multiyear journey of the company’s new circular decommissioning culture begins with attention to its most-mature assets. Many more examples of recent notable achievements in HSE can be found in the OnePetro online library or presented through local SPE section meetings, SPE Live, webinars, workshops, and distinguished lectures. Knowledge sharing, on the local and global levels, encourages collaboration and solutions generation. Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org. OTC 35152 Environmental Assessment of Brent North Sea Decommissioning: A Detailed Case Study by Sthitadhi Maitra, Indian Institute of Petroleum and Energy, et al. SPE 216313 The Dawn of Routine Satellite-Based Monitoring for Energy Infrastructure Is Now by R. Peter Weaver, Orbital Sidekick URTeC 3866049 Deep-Learning Models for Methane-Emissions Identification and Quantification by Ismot Jahan, Los Alamos National Laboratory, et al. OTC 35168 Generative Human/Machine Interaction in Oil and Gas by Sergio Gonzalez, Microsoft
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Jacquey, Evelyne, Laurence Kister, Mario Marcon e Sabine Barreaux. "Termes complexes et langues de spécialité en sciences humaines et sociales : que nous apprennent les textes intégraux ?" Meta 63, n.º 1 (11 de julho de 2018): 7–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1050512ar.
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À partir d’un corpus d’articles scientifiques de trois disciplines de sciences humaines (archéologie, linguistique et psychologie), l’étude que nous présentons a pour objectif d’examiner la composition des candidats termes polylexicaux de formeN_Adj(langage humain, niveau individuel, origine sociale, structure syllabique). Nous nous concentrons sur les occurrences de candidats termes considérées comme relevant d’un usage disciplinaire par les annotateurs experts de chaque discipline. Nous nous intéressons, en particulier, aux classements possibles des noms et des adjectifs dans trois lexiques en interaction dans l’écrit scientifique : le lexique scientifique transdisciplinaire, les ressources terminologiques et le lexique de la langue générale. Les candidats termes analysés ont au moins un composant, le nom ou l’adjectif, qui appartient à au moins deux des trois disciplines du corpus. À l’issue de cette étude, nous constatons le rôle primordial du lexique disciplinaire et ses interactions fréquentes avec le lexique scientifique transdisciplinaire dans la formation des termes polylexicaux de formeN_Adj.
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Mélès, Baptiste. "Les langages de Turing". Intellectica. Revue de l'Association pour la Recherche Cognitive 72, n.º 1 (2020): 81–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/intel.2020.1947.
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Si les machines de Turing sont réputées inutilisables, c'est parce qu''on prête souvent davantage attention à la rudimentaire description initiale proposée par leur inventeur qu'à son souci constant d'adapter la syntaxe de leur description aux objectifs poursuivis. Nous décrirons chacun des langages successivement adoptés par Turing en en explicitant la grammaire, en justifiant chaque innovation syntaxique et en confrontant aux déclarations d'intention de Turing sa pratique effective. L'exposition de ces langages sera également éclairée, à titre pédagogique, par la théorie moderne des langages de programmation. Nous verrons ainsi que Turing a proposé trois familles de langages pour décrire le fonctionnement de ses machines : d'abord tout une pyramide de langages explicatifs («tables complètes» et «tables abrégées»), voués à rendre intelligible au lecteur humain le fonctionnement des machines ; puis un langage calculatoire, seul véritable «langage de programmation», permettant notamment l'exécution d''une description de machine par une autre machine ; enfin un langage démonstratif, réservé au mathématicien pour la mise au jour de propriétés des nombres calculables.
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Lavallée, Marguerite, Catherine Garnier, Martine Quesnel, Annie Marchildon e Lucie Bouchard. "Les représentations sociales de l’alimentation : convergences et divergences entre enfants, parents et enseignants". Revue de l'Université de Moncton 35, n.º 2 (15 de março de 2005): 101–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/010645ar.
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Résumé L’alimentation est une activité à multiples facettes dont il faut tenir compte afin de comprendre le développement et le maintien des habitudes alimentaires. Face au constat récent d’une augmentation significative des dysfonctionnements alimentaires chez des enfants de plus en plus jeunes (embonpoint, obésité, etc.), une étude sur les représentations sociales de l’alimentation a été menée dans trois quartiers socio-économiques contrastés de la région de Montréal. Cet article fait état des résultats obtenus dans une des tâches présentées, les associations libres effectuées à partir de deux mots inducteurs, « manger » et « santé », chez trois groupes en interaction : des enfants de la maternelle et du primaire, leurs parents et leurs enseignants. Outre la contribution théorique et méthodologique qu’apportent ces résultats, les convergences et divergences observées offrent des pistes d’interprétation intéressantes sur le rôle des facteurs socio-économiques, socio-culturels et développementaux dans la façon de se représenter l’acte de manger et la santé et cela, dès le plus jeune âge des enfants. Des suggestions sont apportées pour tenter d’approfondir l’étude de cet acte humain bien complexe dans une perspective intégrative et dynamique.
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Gosselin, Emile. "Évaluation des facteurs techniques et humains dans la direction". Relations industrielles 7, n.º 3 (26 de fevereiro de 2014): 152–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1023047ar.
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Sommaire Le travailleur n'est pas une partie de la machine industrielle, un outil dont la valeur est uniquement mesurée par les dollars de production; c'est pour cette raison qu'il ne peut répondre mathématiquement aux stimulants imposés par la gérance seule. Il doit pouvoir se sentir considéré comme un homme, un être humain et non seulement comme un instrument à la production. Il aime à être consulté et apprécie qu'on tienne compte de son opinion; il veut se sentir intégré à l'entreprise. Dans une telle atmosphère de collaboration, les relations patronales-ouvrières seront meilleures et les difficultés au sein de l'entreprise seront amoindries comme l'auteur le démontre par un exemple qu'il présente au lecteur. Il expose brièvement quelques principes susceptibles d'améliorer les relations entre la direction et ses employés. Il indique les fonctions de l'entreprise, le rôle de l'autorité et les conditions de son exercice. La direction ne peut être efficace que si elle tient compte des aspirations du travailleur et du syndicat.
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Cabanat, Alice, e Caio Padovan. "PSYCHANALYSE DE L'INTELLIGENCE". Eleuthería - Revista do Curso de Filosofia da UFMS 7, n.º 13 (30 de setembro de 2022): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.55028/eleu.v7i13.15530.
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La spécificité de l’intelligence humaine est aujourd’hui interrogée au regard des tentatives de la simuler en cybernétique, comme s’y engage notamment le projet d’une intelligence artificielle, autorisant la comparaison entre activité intellectuelle humaine et le travail fourni par la machine. Quelle compréhension de l’intelligence la psychanalyse peut-elle apporter pour nuancer ce « copié-collé » ? Cette compréhension se composerait à partir d’un premier lien établi entre la notion d’intelligence et la description des processus de pensée en psychanalyse, qui en constituent la « mécanique » consciente et inconsciente. Cette description s'articule à la conception d’une étiologie pulsionnelle de la pensée, liant d’emblée cognition et pulsion. Ainsi, les apprentissages et le développement de l'activité intellectuelle chez l'être humain sont notamment mus par la pulsion de savoir. Le travail intellectuel fourni par l'homme diffère ainsi de celui fourni par les machines, dépourvues de la question de la recherche du sens.