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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Integrated fertiliser strategies"
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Strapchuk, Svitlana, e Olena Mykolenko. "Algorithm for Selecting Alternative Strategies for Sustainable Intensification of Agricultural Enterprises". Scientific Bulletin of Mukachevo State University. Series «Economics» 9, n.º 2 (2022): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.52566/msu-econ.9(2).2022.9-17.
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Growing food shortage encourage businesses to increase yields, mainly through extensive capacity building. However, this path often leads to a negative impact on the environment and does not consider social issues. Increasing yields requires the implementation of strategies for sustainable agricultural development and intensification of production. Selecting such strategies at the level of agricultural enterprises requires their classification and analysis. The purpose of the study is to group agrarian enterprises in Kharkiv Oblast and identify clusters with high potential for the implementation of alternative strategies for sustainable intensification. Based on the concept proposed by J. Pretty, the study classifies enterprises by the ecological and economic, socio-economic and environmental dimensions on the basis of such factors as crop diversity, depreciation, organic fertiliser application, labour costs, use of mineral fertilisers, fuel materials per hectare of land. Data from 514 agricultural production enterprises in Kharkiv Oblast in 2019 and 510 enterprises in 2020 were used for the categorisation. The data were processed through a cluster analysis method using specialised Microsoft Excel and SPSS21 software. The study presents an algorithm for choosing strategies for sustainable development and sustainable intensification of agricultural enterprises based on cluster analysis. Classification of enterprises by the level of diversity of agricultural crops, application of organic fertilisers, labour costs, application of mineral fertilisers, depreciation level, fuel materials per hectare of land allowed identifying agricultural enterprises that have the greatest potential to implement sustainable intensification practices from the proposed alternatives. The introduction of integrated pest management tools has been suggested for companies that consume significant amounts of mineral fertilisers and fuels and lubricants. The practical significance of the findings lies in providing recommendations for selecting sustainable intensification strategies depending on the level of enterprise yields, the amount of mineral fertiliser and fuel and lubricants used, the diversity of crops, etc
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Rancāne, Regīna, Alma Valiuškaitė, Laura Ozoliņa-Pole, Guna Bundzēna, Maksims Fiļipovičs e Neringa Rasiukevičiūtė. "The Effectiveness of Synthetic and Inorganic Substances in Different Apple Scab Control Strategies". Agriculture 14, n.º 3 (28 de fevereiro de 2024): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14030383.
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A two-year trial (2021 and 2022) was performed with five different fungicide and foliar fertiliser application strategies to control apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) in integrated apple orchards in Latvia. A strategy of using inorganic fungicides or combining them with synthetic fungicides was compared to a strategy of applications with only synthetic fungicides and untreated control. Furthermore, two strategies included foliar fertilisers to determine whether they may affect apple scab used alone or combined with synthetic fungicides. The timing of the fungicide applications was based on the risk forecasted by the decision support system RIMpro, and fertilisers were used at certain growth stages of the crop. The disease incidence on untreated fruits on cv. Auksis ranged from 38.3% to 59.6%, and on cv. Ligol from 99.3% to 99.5%. Strategies including synthetic fungicides were the most effective against scab on shoot leaves and fruits. The strategy using only inorganic fungicides was effective for low-inoculum orchards. Combining synthetic and inorganic fungicides provided the best apple scab control strategy on fruits, likely helping reduce the resistance selection pressure and residues of synthetic fungicides. Foliar fertilisers were insufficient to control apple scab; they would supplement existing scab fungicide programs.
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Raju, K. Srinivasa, e Lucien Duckstein. "Integrated application of cluster and multicriterion analysis for ranking water resources planning strategies: a case study in Spain". Journal of Hydroinformatics 6, n.º 4 (1 de outubro de 2004): 295–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2004.0022.
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Integrated application of cluster analysis and Multicriterion Decision-Making (MCDM) is employed for the case study of the Flumen Monegros irrigation area in the Huesca province of Spain. Economic, environmental and social criteria are used to rank alternative strategies. Alternative strategies are formulated by mixing factors such as irrigation systems, water pricing, water allocation, crop distribution, fertiliser use and subsidies received. Cluster analysis is employed to reduce the large size payoff matrix to a manageable subset for further use of the MCDM technique. ELECTRE-3, an MCDM technique of outranking nature, is employed to rank the alternative strategies. The Kendall rank correlation coefficient is employed here to analyse the correlation between the ranking patterns obtained from various scenarios. Results indicate that three representative strategies are to be preferred based on this analysis.
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Chandra, Mandapelli Sharath, R. K. Naresh, Rajan Bhatt, Praveen V. Kadam, Manzer H. Siddiqui, Abdel-Rhman Z. Gaafar e Md Atikur Rahman. "Conservation tillage and fertiliser management strategies impact on basmati rice (Oryza sativa L): crop performance, crop water productivity, nutrient uptake and fertility status of the soil under rice-wheat cropping system". PeerJ 11 (1 de novembro de 2023): e16271. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.16271.
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Background The sustainability of paddy production systems in South Asia has recently been affected by a decline in soil health and excessive water usage. As a response to the global energy crisis, escalating costs of synthetic fertilisers, and growing environmental concerns, the utilization of organic plant-nutrient sources has gained considerable attention. Emerging adaptation technologies, including conservation tillage and innovative approaches to fertilizer management, present practical choices that can significantly contribute to the long-term preservation of soil fertility. Methods The two year-long field experiment was completed in sandy loam soil during rainy (Kharif) seasons in 2019 and 2020 at the crop research centre farm of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agricultural & Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh to analyze the impacts of different tillage establishment of the crop and its methodologies as well as integrated nutritional management approaches on rice growth, yield, productivity of water, nutrient uptake, and fertility status of soil under a rice-wheat rotation system. The experiment was set up in a factorial randomized block design and replicated three times in a semi-arid subtropical environment. Results The conventionally transplanted rice puddled (CT-TPR) grew substantially better taller plants, and higher dry matter buildup leads to increased yields than transplanted rice under raised wide bed (WBed-TPR). WBed-TPR plots had more tillers, LAI, CGR, RGR, and yield characteristics of the rice in two year study. CT-TPR increased grain yield by 4.39 and 4.03% over WBed-TPR in 2019 and 2020, while WBed-TPR produced the highest water productivity (0.44 kg m−3) than CT-TPR, respectively. The 100% RDF+ ZnSO4 25 kg ha−1 + FYM (5 t ha−1) + PSB (5 kg ha−1) + Azotobacter 20 kg ha−1 (N6) treatment outperformed the other fertiliser management practices in terms of crop growth parameters, yields of grain (4,903 and 5,018 kg ha−1), nutrient uptake and NPK availability, organic soil carbon. Among the fertilizer management practices, with the direct applications of the recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), farm yard manure (FYM), phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB), Azatobactor and zinc worked synergistically and increased grain yields by 53.4, 51.3, 47.9 and 46.2% over their respective control treatment. Conclusions To enhance rice productivity and promote soil health, the study suggests that adopting conservation tillage-based establishment practices and implementing effective fertilizer management techniques could serve as practical alternatives. It is concluded that the rice yield was improved by the inclusive use of inorganic fertiliser and organic manure (FYM). Additionally, the study observed that the combination of conventional puddled transplanted rice (CT-TPR) and N6 nitrogen application resulted in enhanced rice crop productivity and improved soil health.
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Tozer, K. N., D. F. Chapman, P. E. Quigley, P. M. Dowling, R. D. Cousens e G. A. Kearney. "Integrated management of vulpia in dryland perennial pastures of southern Australia". Crop and Pasture Science 60, n.º 1 (2009): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp07445.
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Vulpia (Vulpia species C.C. Gmel.) are annual grass weeds that can reduce pasture quality and stock-carrying capacity of perennial pastures throughout southern Australia. To develop more effective strategies to control vulpia, an experiment was established in western Victoria (average annual rainfall 565 mm) in phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) pastures comparing the effects of control methods [comprising combinations of fertiliser addition (Fert), a single herbicide (simazine) application (Sim), and pasture rest from grazing (Rest)] on vulpia populations. A further herbicide treatment [paraquat-diquat (SpraySeed®)] was imposed on some of these treatments. Measurements included botanical composition, phalaris and vulpia tiller density, seed production, and number of residual seeds in the soil. Vulpia content remained unchanged in the Sim-Rest treatment but increased in all other management treatments over the duration of the 3 year study and especially where paraquat-diquat was applied, despite paraquat-diquat causing an initial reduction in vulpia content. Vulpia content was lowest in the Fert-Sim-Rest treatment. The Fert-Sim treatment and in some cases paraquat-diquat application reduced vulpia tiller production. Vulpia seed production and the residual seed population were not influenced by any of the management treatments, while the single paraquat-diquat application increased vulpia seed production 18 months after application. Phalaris content was enhanced by the Sim-Rest and Fert-Sim-Rest treatments and initially by paraquat-diquat. No treatment affected phalaris tiller production and basal cover. The subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) content declined during the experiment, but to a lesser extent where paraquat-diquat was applied. Volunteer species content was initially suppressed in the year following paraquat-application, although populations recovered after this time. Of the two Vulpia spp. present (V. bromoides (L.) S.F. Gray and V. myuros (L.) C.C. Gmelin), V. bromoides was the most prevalent. Results show how a double herbicide application can increase vulpia fecundity and rate of re-infestation of herbicide-treated sites. Pasture rest shows some promise, but to a lesser extent than in the New South Wales tablelands, where summer rainfall may increase the growth of perennial species. In lower rainfall, summer dry areas, responses to pasture rest may be slower. Despite this, integrated management (which combines strategies such as pasture rest, herbicide application, and fertiliser application) increases the perennial content and reduces vulpia seed production, thus improving vulpia control.
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Wang, Weijin, Glen Park, Steven Reeves, Megan Zahmel, Marijke Heenan e Barry Salter. "Nitrous oxide emission and fertiliser nitrogen efficiency in a tropical sugarcane cropping system applied with different formulations of urea". Soil Research 54, n.º 5 (2016): 572. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr15314.
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Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from sugarcane cropped soils are usually high compared with those from other arable lands. Nitrogen-efficient management strategies are needed to mitigate N2O emissions from sugarcane farming whilst maintaining productivity and profitability. A year-long field experiment was conducted in wet tropical Australia to assess the efficacy of polymer-coated urea (PCU) and nitrification inhibitor (3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate)-coated urea (NICU). Emissions of N2O were measured using manual and automatic gas sampling chambers in combination. The nitrogen (N) release from PCU continued for >5–6 months, and lower soil NO3– contents were recorded for≥3 months in the NICU treatments compared with the conventional urea treatments. The annual cumulative N2O emissions were high, amounting to 11.4–18.2kg N2O-Nha–1. In contrast to findings in most other cropping systems, there were no significant differences in annual N2O emissions between treatments with different urea formulations and application rates (0, 100 and 140kgNha–1). Daily variation in N2O emissions at this site was driven predominantly by rainfall. Urea formulations did not significantly affect sugarcane or sugar yield at the same N application rate. Decreasing fertiliser application rate from the recommended 140kgNha–1 to 100kgNha–1 led to a decrease in sugar yield by 1.3tha–1 and 2.2tha–1 for the conventional urea and PCU treatments, respectively, but no yield loss occurred for the NICU treatment. Crop N uptake also declined at the reduced N application rate with conventional urea, but not with the PCU and NICU. These results demonstrated that substituting NICU for conventional urea may substantially decrease fertiliser N application from the normal recommended rates whilst causing no yield loss or N deficiency to the crop. Further studies are required to investigate the optimal integrated fertiliser management strategies for sugarcane production, particularly choice of products and application time and rates, in relation to site and seasonal conditions.
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Babanjeet, Gayatri Sinha, Namrata Dwivedi, B. Pavan Kumar Naik, Dinkar, Satyendra Kumar, Nitin Kumar e Jaswant Prajapati. "Breeding Strategies and Biotechnological Approaches to Reduce Nitrate Levels in Vegetables: A Comprehensive Review". Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology 27, n.º 7 (27 de junho de 2024): 1141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jabb/2024/v27i71073.
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Nitrate is a natural chemical compound found in soil and water, which plants absorb and convert into essential nutrients. Elevated concentrations of nitrate in vegetables can pose health risks, particularly when consumed in substantial amounts. Green leafy vegetables, while crucial for human nutrition, unfortunately belong to the category of foods that have the highest impact on nitrate absorption in living organisms. Overuse of nitrogen fertiliser can lead to the accumulation of high levels of nitrate in these plants. Therefore, it is crucial to make efforts to reduce the nitrate levels in leafy vegetables and restrict their use by humans. Plant breeders employ several techniques, such as traditional breeding and genetic modification, to selectively produce plants with lower nitrate levels. The process frequently involves intentionally choosing and crossbreeding plants that naturally have lower levels of nitrates, so transmitting this trait to their offspring. This method is frequently conducted over multiple generations to ensure stable and uniform results. In addition, modern biotechnological techniques, such as genetic engineering or gene editing, can be employed to directly modify the genes responsible for nitrate metabolism in plants. Advanced techniques such as integrated multi-omics, RNAi, gene editing, and genomics-assisted breeding are applied to create crops with fewer undesirable traits and to develop new strategies for regulating these traits in crop improvement projects.
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Wu, Yupeng, Tian Liu, Qi'an Peng, Muhammad Shaaban e Ronggui Hu. "Effect of straw returning in winter fallow in Chinese rice fields on greenhouse gas emissions: evidence from an incubation study". Soil Research 53, n.º 3 (2015): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr14261.
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Many studies have been performed to compare different straw-returning methods that could provide environmental benefits. However, few studies have focused on the greenhouse gas emissions from straw returning under winter water-stored fields (flooded conditions) and winter fallow fields (non-flooded conditions), which are the common land use types after the rice harvest in southern China. Thus, in the present microcosm incubation experiment, CO2, CH4 and N2O emissions were compared under flooded and non-flooded soil conditions, following straw incorporation. Straw application stimulated CO2 cumulative emission, and this effect was exacerbated by flooding (1818 and 4271 mg kg–1 under non-flooded and flooded conditions, respectively). Although the application of straw can mitigate N2O cumulative emissions under flooded conditions (10 152 μg kg–1 without and –51 μg kg–1 with straw incorporation, respectively), higher CO2 and CH4 production was detected (4271 and 149.20 mg kg–1 for CO2 and CH4 cumulative emissions, respectively). In contrast, straw application under non-flooded conditions had a relatively low global warming potential value (1836 mg CO2 Eq kg–1). Consequently, winter fallow field is recommended after the integrated application of straw and nitrogen fertiliser because of its low global warming potential. However, different strategies may be required for long-term reduction in global warming potential values.
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Sikora, Jakub, Marcin Niemiec, Monika Tabak, Zofia Gródek-Szostak, Anna Szeląg-Sikora, Maciej Kuboń e Monika Komorowska. "Assessment of the Efficiency of Nitrogen Slow-Release Fertilizers in Integrated Production of Carrot Depending on Fertilization Strategy". Sustainability 12, n.º 5 (5 de março de 2020): 1982. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12051982.
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Optimization of plant nutrition is a very important part of primary production quality systems. Crop fertilization is the most important agrotechnical measure because it determines the amount and quality of the yield. Moreover, excess fertilization intensifies the eutrophication processes and the greenhouse effect. The study aimed to assess the suitability of slow-release fertilizers in cultivation of carrot subspecies Daucus carota L. ssp. sativus in the integrated production system. The objective was realized on the basis of a strict field experiment set up on a clay loam soil with low nutrient content. The dose of fertilizer was the experimental factor. The fertilizers were applied during the formation of the ridges. Traditional fertilizers (ammonium phosphate, potassium salt, ammonium nitrate, and a multi-component fertilizer Polifoska 6), as well as a multi-component fertilizer with slow release of nutrients, NPK Mg (18-12-24-4), were used. In individual variants of the experiment, different fertilization strategies were applied: integrated production fertilization, traditional fertilization, and fertilization based on the use of slow-release fertilizers. The control treatment comprised of unfertilized plants. The efficiency of nitrogen fertilization was evaluated based on agronomic efficiency, partial factor productivity, physiological efficiency, and removal efficiency. Fertilization strategy significantly impacted the quantity of obtained yield. In the control sample, prior to mineral fertilization, the crop yield was 33.53 Mg·ha−1. The largest yield was 82.30 Mg·ha−1.The largest yields were obtained from plants fertilized with a combination of slow-release fertilizers, with nitrogen introduced in the form of ammonium phosphate, and through conventional fertilization. The highest productivity and environmental efficiency were obtained in treatments with fertilization according to the principles of integrated production and with slow-release fertilizers. In terms of environmental efficiency, the best results were obtained through nitrogen fertilization using 400 kg of slow-release fertilizers. The use of slow-release fertilizers in carrot cultivation can significantly improve the efficiency of fertilization, both in terms of production and environmental protection.
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Thi Da, Chau, Phan Anh Tu, John Livsey, Van Tai Tang, Håkan Berg e Stefano Manzoni. "Improving Productivity in Integrated Fish-Vegetable Farming Systems with Recycled Fish Pond Sediments". Agronomy 10, n.º 7 (16 de julho de 2020): 1025. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10071025.
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The increasing intensification of aquaculture systems requires the development of strategies to reduce their environmental impacts such as pollution caused by the discharge of nutrient rich sediments into local water bodies. Recycling of fish pond sediments (FPS) as fertilizer has been proposed as a possible solution that may also reduce the reliance on synthetic fertilizers. With a case study in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, we determined suitable mixtures of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) pond sediment (PPS) and locally sourced organic amendments of rice straw (RS), or common water hyacinth (WH) to fertilize cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L.) in an integrated cucumber–giant gourami fish (Osphronemus goramy) farming system. Highest nutrient concentrations were found when mixing 30% PPS with 70% RS or WH. When used in combination with chemical fertilizer, it was found that a 25% to 75% reduction in chemical fertilizer application could be achieved, while also increasing cucumber yields, with the highest yields found when RS was used in organic amendments. In combination with the additional income from fish production, integrated farming systems such as that demonstrated in this study, may increase both farm income and production diversity.
Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Integrated fertiliser strategies"
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Tolson, Joshua Allen. "THE EFFECT OF INTEGRATED WEED MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES ON WEED POPULATIONS AND BIOMASS, PASTURE PRODUCTIVITY, ECONOMIC RETURNS, AND FORAGE QUALITY WITH AND WITHOUT GRAZING". UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/pss_etds/4.
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Field studies examined the strategies of mowing, herbicide, fertility, and all combinations on tall ironweed populations, weed biomass, pasture yield, grazing, economics, and forage quality at three Kentucky locations. Mowing was performed in July 2008 and 2009, herbicide applied in August 2008, and fertilizer applied in September 2008 and 2009 at all locations. Weed populations were measured in 2008, 2009, and 2010, and forage and weed biomass collected in May or June of 2009 and 2010. Herbicide treatments reduced weed biomass at all locations, and reduced tall ironweed stems by 64% or greater in 2009 at all locations. Weed biomass did not differ when comparing all treatments with and without mowing or treatments with or without fertilizer. Forage grass biomass produced was greatest with herbicide plus fertilizer and with the combination of mowing plus herbicide plus fertilizer at all locations in both years. Two years of grazing did not reduce weed populations. Grazing did reduce forage grass and clover biomass at one location, and weed biomass at two locations. Two locations had positive economic returns based on herbicide treatment for weed control and forge yield. Herbicide treatments reduced crude protein at one location and in-vitro true digestibility at two locations.
Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Integrated fertiliser strategies"
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Mukilan, M., P. Dhinesh, S. Harikrishnan e K. Sivasubramani. "VARIOUS BIOREMEDIATION TECHNIQES IN AQUACULTURE". In Futuristic Trends in Biotechnology Volume 3 Book 19, 277–84. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3bjbt19p5ch9.
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Aquaculture is the fastest-growing food production industry and a key component of national development and poverty reduction initiatives in many countries. Aquaculture output rises as capture fisheries stabilise. About 93% of aquaculture output comes from underdeveloped nations. Its polyculture and integrated farming method, which maximised farm resource usage, including waste, made it ecologically friendly. Additional fish are being farmed by increasing the amount of water, feed, fertiliser, and chemicals used in the farming process, as well as by cultivating additional land and water. This has led many to believe that aquaculture may contribute to water pollution and degrade wetland ecosystems. Biologically-involved Bioremediation Strategies, such as In-situ and Ex-situ approaches, are very helpful in remediation during the culturing process by addressing the contaminated situations.
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Khalfalla, Maha, e Zoltán Győri. "Exploring the Impacts of Climate Change on the Nutritional Properties and Food Security of Various Cereal Grains". In Exploring the World of Cereal Crops [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1005002.
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Climate change substantially influences agriculture, affecting food security and agricultural production. To address the current concerns, it is essential to address climate-smart agricultural methods, such as crop rotation, integrated pest control and enhanced nitrogen fertilisation techniques, to assist farmers in adjusting to a shifting climate. Furthermore, an ongoing review is being conducted to investigate the potential effects of climate change mitigation and the contribution of agriculture to reducing greenhouse gas emissions abroad. This investigation encompasses various aspects such as agricultural practice and crop varieties, particularly crop relocation, soil nutrient management and innovative nitrogen fertiliser techniques. Restricting the discourse to the crop and N fertiliser selection options and the implementation of various strategies, such as identifying the most resilient crop for climatic fluctuations, implementing a crop relocation system as conventional and modern agricultural practices, minimising the reliance on pesticides and enhancing the nutritional qualities of better cultivars, in addition to the grain drying process and storage, may influence the nutritional composition of cereal grains. All the above adaptation mechanisms depend on the local context, area or country. Ecologically, low-impact solutions that modernise agriculture include biodiversity-based and climate-smart farming. These initiatives aim to effectively enhance agricultural incomes and production while addressing the interrelated challenges of climate change and food security.
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Kanyamuka, Joseph S., Charles B. L. Jumbe e Jacob Ricker-Gilbert. "Making Agricultural Input Subsidies More Effective and Profitable in Africa". In Research Anthology on Strategies for Achieving Agricultural Sustainability, 896–908. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-5352-0.ch047.
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The combined effects of declining soil fertility, continuous mono-cropping, poor crop residues management, and limited resources are considered the major constraints to increased crop productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa. It is for this reason that most African governments in Sub-Saharan Africa have been implementing farm input support programmes to boost smallholder production. While substantial amounts of resources are committed to support such programmes, evidence suggests that the increased use of modern inputs such as inorganic fertilizers on the main staple food crops appear to be only marginally profitable or even unprofitable. There is a renewed realization that the use of fertilizer input alone to raise farm productivity is likely to be impeded, if sufficient attention is not given to complementary interventions such as integrated soil fertility management technologies and extension services. This chapter provides evidence from several African countries on the role of complementary interventions in enhancing profitability, effectiveness, and efficiency with which farm inputs such as inorganic fertilizer and improved seed are applied.
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Jate, Melkamu, e Joachim Lammel. "Effect of Balanced and Integrated Crop Nutrition on Sustainable Crop Production in a Classical Long-Term Trial". In Sustainable Crop Production - Recent Advances. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.102682.
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The classical long-term trial at Hanninghof was established in 1958 on loamy sand soil in Duelmen, Germany to study the long-term effects of different nutrient management strategies. The impact of balanced mineral fertilizer application and integrating farmyard manure (FYM) with mineral fertilizer on indicators of sustainable crop production are evaluated in comparison to unbalanced nutrition. Crop rotation since 1958 was potato, followed by winter rye and oat. After 2008, the rotation was silage maize, winter rye, and potato to adjust the trial to current farm practice, but the treatments remained the same: a control plot without fertilizer; FYM alone; and mineral P + K, N, N + P, N + K, N + P + K, and N + P + K + Mg fertilizers with and without FYM. The effect of each treatment on crop yield, revenue, sustainable yield index, water and nutrient use efficiencies, soil nutrient and carbon contents, and soil pH are presented. Evaluation of the 62 years data shows that unbalanced nutrition caused by omitting nutrients and application of only FYM as organic nutrition reduced crop yield and revenue, led to inefficient use of resources and nutrients, and a depletion of soil fertility with negative implications on sustainability. Application of mineral fertilizer N + P + K + Mg as the balanced nutrition and supplementing FYM with mineral fertilizer as the integrated nutrition had social, economic and environmental benefits indicating sustainable crop production.
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Dey, Saptaparnee, Ranabir Chakraborty e Anamika Barman. "CLIMATE-SMART AGRICULTURE: EMPHASIS ON PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES OF SOIL MANAGEMENT". In Futuristic Trends in Agriculture Engineering & Food Sciences Volume 2 Book 9, 323–38. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v2bs9ch24.
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Climate change is an alarming issue of today‘s world. Besides, world population is also growing fast. So, agriculture practices need to be modified to ‗climate-smart‘ strategies to overcome dual challenges of climate change as well as food security. The concept of climate smart agriculture (CSA) is based on three pillars: (1) ensuring agronomic and economic productivity, (2) building resilience to combat climate change, (3) mitigating climate change i.e., reducing and/or removing carbon emissions. Climatesmart agriculture is an amalgamation of weather, water, soil, crop, nutrient, carbonenergy and institute-knowledge smart technologies. This article aims to discuss principles and practices of soil management segment of CSA which is based on principles like erosion control, sustainable management of land, carbon management etc. Among different soil management practices Integrated nutrient management (INM), organic farming, conservation agriculture, precise application of fertilizer, smart fertilizers, biochar application, agro forestry etc. are promising. However, in CSA, soil management necessitates both innovative concepts and long-term planning and policies to attain a win-win situation
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Batool, Maryam. "Nutrient Management of Maize". In Agricultural Sciences. IntechOpen, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.112484.
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This chapter presents a comprehensive overview of nutrient management practices tailored for optimizing maize production. It covers critical aspects, including soil testing protocols, advanced fertilizer application methods, organic and inorganic amendments, precision nutrient management approaches, integrated strategies, and conservation agriculture-based practices. Recognizing maize’s significance for global food security and economic prosperity, the chapter emphasizes efficient and sustainable nutrient management to achieve high yields. Precision technologies enable targeted fertilizer applications, while organic and inorganic amendments enhance soil fertility and nutrient cycling. Integrated nutrient management reduces environmental risks and improves long-term soil fertility. Conservation agriculture-based practices, such as reduced tillage and cover cropping, positively influence maize yield and sustainability by enhancing nutrient retention and water management. Overall, adopting appropriate nutrient management practices is crucial for maximizing maize production while ensuring food security and environmental well-being.
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Riyaz, Muzafar, Rauf Ahmad Shah e Soosaimanickam Maria Packiam. "Insect Conservation and Management: A Need of the Hour". In Global Decline of Insects [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.100023.
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Insects play a very vital role in divergent ecosystems and have gained great economic and medical importance as pollinators, pests, predators, parasitoids, decomposers and vectors. With the large-scale practice of synthetic pesticides, the diminishing rate of beneficial and pollinator insects is increasing rapidly. Environmental pollution, climate change, global warming, urbanization, industrialization and some natural calamities like wildfires add more fuel to the acceleration of insect decline all over the world. Alternative steps should be employed to replace the toxic pesticides and implementation of integrated pest management (IPM) should be put forward to reduce the overuse of synthetic pesticides and fertilizers, which have a great impact on beneficial insects as well as birds, aquatic organisms, and also on human health. The present study aims to create awareness among the researchers and general public by providing a brief review of insect importance, decline and conservation strategies.
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Shivappa, Raghu, Devanna B. Navadagi, Mathew Seikholen Baite, Manoj Kumar Yadav, Prabhukarthikeyan S. Rathinam, Keerthana Umapathy, Prajna Pati e Prakash Chandra Rath. "Emerging Minor Diseases of Rice in India: Losses and Management Strategies". In Integrative Advances in Rice Research. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99898.
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Rice (Oryza sativa L) being one of the imperative food crops of the word contributes immensely to the food and nutritional security of India. The cultivation of rice is changed over the decades from a simple cultivation practices to the advanced cultivation to increase yield. Increased in rice yields especially after 1960s is mainly due to the introduction of high yielding semi-dwarf varieties which requires more inputs like chemical fertilizers, water and other resources. As a result, India achieved self sufficiency in rice and currently producing more than 115 MT of rice to meet country’s demand. Now India is exporting rice to other nations and earning foreign returns. With the change in rice cultivation practices, problems also aroused side by side. A number of biotic and abiotic stresses emerged as major constraints for rice cultivation in diverse agro-climatic conditions and growing ecologies. Diseases are the major biotic constraints to rice which can reduce the yields by 20–100% based on severity. Major diseases like blast, brown spot, bacterial blight, sheath blight and tungro still causing more damage and new minor diseases like bakanae, false smut, grain discoloration, early seedling blight, narrow brown spot, sheath rot have emerged as major problems. The losses due to these diseases may 1–100% based on the growing conditions, varietal susceptibility etc.., At present no significant source of resistance available for any of the above emerging diseases. But looking into the severity of these diseases, it is very important to address them by following integrated management practices like cultural, mechanical, biological and finally chemical control. But more emphasis has to be given to screen gerrmplasm against these diseases and identify stable source of resistance. Finally utilizing these sources in resistance breeding program by employing molecular breeding tools like marker assisted selection (MAS), marker assisted back cross breeding (MABB), gene pyramiding and transgenic tools. The present chapter discusses the importance of these emerging minor diseases of rice, the losses and possible management measures including resistance breeding.
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Ferraresi-De Araujo, Geraldo José, e Isaías Naú Niño-Castillo. "Territory and sustainability from municipal waste management programs: Piracicaba case, Sao Paulo, Brasil". In Productive System Territory and Sustainability TIII, 65–79. 3a ed. ECORFAN, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35429/h.2021.8.65.79.
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The generation of solid waste is one of the greatest challenges of contemporaneity, specifically in Brazil, there was an increase from 67 million to 79 million tons per year, between 2010 and 2019. That said, in 2010 Law 12.305 / 2010, called National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS), which established, in order of priority, the non-generation, reduction, reuse, recycling, treatment and environmentally correct final disposal of waste, the Municipal Plan for Integrated Solid Waste Management (PMGIRS) in which describes the actions related to the management of urban solid waste and the strategies to protect human health and the environment. Given the importance of the PMGIRS for environmental management in the urban environment, the study of its applicability is justified, in which this article will address the city of Piracicaba, located in the interior of the State of São Paulo. In which, the objective of the research is to diagnose the practices related to agroforestry residues; evaluate the current state of the objectives proposed by the Municipal Solid Waste Plan; construction of a SWOT matrix; prepare a prospective analysis of agroforestry waste services and also an action plan for municipal waste. For this, the methodology used was the formal, exploratory, ex post facto, cross-sectional study in time, carried out from the prospection of articles, theses and dissertations in the Web of Science, SciELO and Digital Library of the main Brazilian universities . It can be concluded the concern of the municipality for the proper disposal of pesticide containers, in which the Cañeros Cooperative (COPLACANA) has a prominent role in practically all stages of reverse logistics in compliance with current legislation, however , the document did not comply with the guidelines for organic agroforestry waste, especially with regard to its reuse of energy and fertilizers.
Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Integrated fertiliser strategies"
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Mujiyanto, Arief, Agung Wicaksono, Fonny Prasmono Adhi e Muhammad Subhan Missuari. "Digital Integration, Success Story of Accelerating Business Integration of Two Biggest Midstream-Downstream Natural Gas Company in Indonesia". In Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207321-ms.
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Abstract To achieve 24% portion of natural gas in targeted national energy mix in 2050, Indonesia government has integrated Pertagas, biggest transmission company into PGN, biggest distribution company under Oil & Gas Holding Pertamina. But survey from PWC in 2004 resulted that around 75% post-merger companies reported integration difficulties, especially both companies have long history of competition. Even more, government mandated 6 USD gas price policy at plant gate, which create enormous urgency to accelerate pipeline and digital integration in the most efficient way. Especially, in this pandemic era, midstream industry needs to foster digital transformation by rethinking outdated business models and strategically applying technology to change rather than focusing on simply cutting costs. From this integration, Pertagas with more than 2,418 km pipeline in 12 provinces spread from Sumatra, Java and Kalimantan has a big potency to be synergized with PGN, as Sub Holding Gas with the total of 10,169 km of pipeline which represent 96% of national gas infrastructure. During 2020. Both companies resulted more than 1.255 MMSCFD of transported gas and 828 BBTUD of sales gas to more than 460 thousand customers. So, PGN and Pertagas management has high expectation on this digital integration to transform from previous fragmented pipeline to be interconnected network to give flexibility in reaching unmet growing demand of strategic industry like refinery, fertilizer, electricity, steel and petrochemical in post-COVID recovery. In this paper, will be described the challenges and its solutions as a success story in digital integration. The important steps start from strategy development, digital assessment, creating coalition, culture acculturation, and change management are explained as guiding pathway for sustainable implementation. It will also portray the measured benefit and value from investment cost efficiency, time effectiveness from the initiation until launched, billing improvement, product development, and up to developed real-time integrated management dashboard for better decision making and part of the milestone for future National Dispatching Center for optimizing Sub Holding Gas portfolio of gas supply and subsidiary's infrastructure to meet growing Indonesia's demand.
Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Integrated fertiliser strategies"
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Schuster, Gadi, e David Stern. Integration of phosphorus and chloroplast mRNA metabolism through regulated ribonucleases. United States Department of Agriculture, agosto de 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7695859.bard.
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New potential for engineering chloroplasts to express novel traits has stimulated research into relevant techniques and genetic processes, including plastid transformation and gene regulation. This proposal continued our long time BARD-funded collaboration research into mechanisms that influence chloroplast RNA accumulation, and thus gene expression. Previous work on cpRNA catabolism has elucidated a pathway initiated by endonucleolytic cleavage, followed by polyadenylation and exonucleolytic degradation. A major player in this process is the nucleus-encoded exoribonuclease/polymerasepolynucleotidephoshorylase (PNPase). Biochemical characterization of PNPase has revealed a modular structure that controls its RNA synthesis and degradation activities, which in turn are responsive to the phosphate (P) concentration. However, the in vivo roles and regulation of these opposing activities are poorly understood. The objectives of this project were to define how PNPase is controlled by P and nucleotides, using in vitro assays; To make use of both null and site-directed mutations in the PNPgene to study why PNPase appears to be required for photosynthesis; and to analyze plants defective in P sensing for effects on chloroplast gene expression, to address one aspect of how adaptation is integrated throughout the organism. Our new data show that P deprivation reduces cpRNA decay rates in vivo in a PNPasedependent manner, suggesting that PNPase is part of an organismal P limitation response chain that includes the chloroplast. As an essential component of macromolecules, P availability often limits plant growth, and particularly impacts photosynthesis. Although plants have evolved sophisticated scavenging mechanisms these have yet to be exploited, hence P is the most important fertilizer input for crop plants. cpRNA metabolism was found to be regulated by P concentrations through a global sensing pathway in which PNPase is a central player. In addition several additional discoveries were revealed during the course of this research program. The human mitochondria PNPase was explored and a possible role in maintaining mitochondria homeostasis was outlined. As polyadenylation was found to be a common mechanism that is present in almost all organisms, the few examples of organisms that metabolize RNA with no polyadenylation were analyzed and described. Our experiment shaded new insights into how nutrient stress signals affect yield by influencing photosynthesis and other chloroplast processes, suggesting strategies for improving agriculturally-important plants or plants with novel introduced traits. Our studies illuminated the poorly understood linkage of chloroplast gene expression to environmental influences other than light quality and quantity. Finely, our finding significantly advanced the knowledge about polyadenylation of RNA, the evolution of this process and its function in different organisms including bacteria, archaea, chloroplasts, mitochondria and the eukaryotic cell. These new insights into chloroplast gene regulation will ultimately support plant improvement for agriculture
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Exploring fertilizer alternatives and opportunities for improving use efficiency in Africa and South Asia. Commercial Agriculture for Smallholders and Agribusiness (CASA), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/20240191150.
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There is an estimated 345 million people facing food insecurity in 2023, more than double the number in 2020. Increasing mineral fertilizer prices and longstanding problems with inefficient fertilizer use have contributed to this growing problem. In response to this challenge, this report explores supplementary and alternative products that offer the potential to reduce reliance on mineral fertilizers, as well as solutions for improving fertilizer use efficiency. Improved efficiency leads to reduced greenhouse gas emissions, amongst other benefits. Adopting these products and practices on a large scale, within an integrated approach to long-term soil health, has the potential to enhance food security, improve smallholder yields and livelihoods, and mitigate climate and environmental impacts. This report aims to do the following: Provide a snapshot of current approaches to fertilizer use in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, exploring the problems associated with overuse and underuse of mineral fertilizers. Introduce a set of alternative and supplementary products, as well as technologies and business models that offer the potential to improve fertilizer use efficiencies. Identify opportunities for, and bottlenecks to, large-scale adoption of alternative fertilizer strategies, highlighting the role that governments, investors, donors, and private firms can play in accelerating progress in this space. Showcase eight case studies from Africa and South Asia of companies working on fertilizer alternatives and solutions to promote more efficient fertilizer use. Three of these companies have been supported by the Commercial Agriculture for Smallholders and Agribusiness Technical Assistance Facility (CASA TAF).