Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Influence on African"
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1
Mannering, Hildegard Kirsten. "European stylistic influence on early twentieth century South African painters". Thesis, Rhodes University, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002207.
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South African artists, d i ssatisfied with the staid environment in local circles, felt the need to travel abroad for fresh stimulation. This need allowed for a historical investigation into the results, beneficial or otherwise, of the influence of European modernism on early twentieth century South African painters. Because of the numerous practising artists in South Africa at the time, it was found necessary to give cohesion to the artists discussed and, therefore the most pertinent were grouped into artistic movements. Thus, H.Naude, R . G. Goodman and H.S. Caldecott are discussed in conjunction with Impressionism. B. Everard, R. Everard-Haden and J.H. Pierneef are compared to the post-Impressionists and finally, I.Stern and M. Laubser are equated with the Fauves and Expressionists. To ascertain the true effect of European stylistic influence, a comparative analysis of work executed before European visits and upon the artists' return was imperative. Simultaneously, as part of the analysis, reference was also made to any work executed by these artists while in Europe. European movements of the period are also reviewed, enabling precise grouping and better understanding of t he styles adopted by the chosen group of early twentieth century South African artists. Some attention is given to the impact these artists had on South African art upon their return, as this confirms the degree of European influence and facilitates the classification of styles adopted by the selected group. In conclusion, to establish the extent to which European art was influential, a brief synopsis shows the changes in local groups, once these artists had re-established themselves in South Africa.
2
Khwela, Princess Phiwakahle. "African culture and its influence on the hymn". Thesis, University of Zululand, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/1283.
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Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for B.A. Honours degree in the Department of African Languages at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 1988.The aim of study is to motivate cultural heritage amongst Africans, to despise the past in their musical ability and be self-!'reliant and original instead of imitating the Western musical systems entirely.
3
Ellis, Charlotte. "Politics and trade in Africa : Does Sino-African trade and investment significantly influence Africa's United Nations General Assembly voting behaviour?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/18600.
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This paper is concerned with the political consequences of China's rapidly growing economic engagement in Africa. Whilst there has been much debate regarding the economic impact of China, few studies have been concerned with the foreign policy consequences of Sino-Africa trade relations. Using a panel of ten Sub-Saharan countries, this paper builds on the theoretical understanding of dependency theory, to explore the relationship between economic dependence and political alignment in the United Nations General Assembly (UN General Assembly). This research seeks to provide an understanding of whether states that rely heavily on China's export market are more likely to converge with China on foreign policy decisions. Acknowledging that convergence of votes with China will have implications for the United States, particularly in light of consistent foreign policy divergence between China and the US, this paper evaluates whether changes in trade relations with the US or US aid disbursements have a negative effect on voting alignment with China. The research includes two specific time periods, 1971-2011 and 2000- 2011, which isolates the effect of China's rapid emergence in the global economy and Africa in particular. Statistical analysis of the data prior to 2000 yields less convincing evidence of the relationship between export dependence and foreign policy convergence in the UN General Assembly. However, in the period thereafter, both export dependence on China and FDI from China have come to hold explanatory power in convergence of trade relations with voting convergence. Is China knowingly or unknowingly creating a level of export dependence as a way of bolstering support in the multilateral arena? Using ordinary least squares and fixed effects this paper finds evidence that greater trade in terms of exports to China promotes foreign policy convergence amongst SSA countries.
4
Munishi, Linus Kasian. "The influence of genetic relatedness on sociality and demography of female African elephants". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1011612.
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Many elephant populations across Africa were or are being devastated by poaching and habitat loss, making population and range size for the species important issues of conservation concern in elephant ranging areas, including Tarangire National Park (TNP). Poaching and/or overhunting are known to have direct effects on the demography of elephant populations. The current understanding of the indirect effects of poaching on the sociality and demography of elephant populations is relatively poor, both at the group and an individual level. In this thesis the importance of genetic relatedness (as influenced by poaching) on sociality and demography of the female elephants was studied, using a combination of genetic, observation of behaviour and two decades of demography data collected from the northern subpopulation of TNP. I investigated and characterized the relatedness categories within elephant groups. Using a conceptual model for group size analysis in aggregation economies, I hypothesized that elephant populations subject to social disruptions due to poaching would exhibit characteristics of the free entry model, whereas more stable, closed populations would better fit the group-controlled model. I present a rare quantitative analysis of genetic relatedness and group size patterns among groups of adult female elephants in two wild populations: one in Tarangire National Park (TNP), Tanzania, and another in Addo Elephant National Park (AENP), South Africa. I demonstrate that the group size in African elephant populations is governed by genetic relatedness, and that poaching/overhunting has a significant influence upon the apparent group formation and size in elephants. I then focused on the effect of relatedness on agonistic interactions between adult females. I hypothesized that individual-based aggressive interactions among adult female African elephants would vary according to degree of kinship, with closely related dyads showing less aggression towards each other in resource-limited environments, thereby leading to indirect fitness benefits for individuals. As predicted, females did not show agonistic interactions to their close kin most often, and the frequency and intensity of aggressive interactions was inversely related to the degree of relatedness of the interactants. The effect of group relatedness and structure on reproductive success of individual female African elephant in TNP was also investigated. Adult female reproductive success was significantly influenced by within- group relatedness and structure. Higher reproductive success (with higher frequency of calf production and survival and more female calves produced) were more evident in the closely related groups than groups with low relatedness, suggesting that females from genetically disrupted groups are less likely to be reproductive than those in closely related groups. The possibility of negative effects of poaching on the subsequent generation of poached adult females and the alternative of a positive demographic response through reduced density was assessed by analysing the demographic patterns of the first generation (F1) females of prime-aged adult female African elephants in TNP using within- group relatedness and size. I also compared vital rate (age of first birth and interbirth interval) responses of first generation (F1) cows from Tarangire (poached) elephants with other females from poached (Northern Luangwa National Park, Zambia) and unpoached (Amboseli National Park, Kenya and Addo Elephant National Park, South Africa) populations. Group relatedness had no significant effect on sex ratio of the F1 cows‟ calves. There was a significant difference between the mean age of first birth and interbirth interval of F1 cows from the two (poached, Tarangire and unpoached, Amboseli National Park) elephant populations, suggesting that elephant populations reduced by poaching to low levels show an increase vigour through release from density constraints. Based on these results, the broader implications of secondary effects of poaching on elephant populations are critically evaluated. Also the importance of understanding the consequences of these effects is highlighted in light of other elephant conservation and management approaches. This understanding is useful in making conservation and management decisions for elephants and other biodiversity.
5
Isong, Anietie. "The influence of new media technologies on African literature". Thesis, De Montfort University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/16405.
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This study investigates the role of new media technologies in the development of African literature. It examines the different ways that these new technologies such as the Internet and mobile phones have revolutionised the way Africans write and read literary works on the continent. African literature refers to literary works written mostly by Africans in any language. Over the last decade, new African writers have created a stir in the arenas of creative writing. Uses and gratification as well as diffusion of innovation theories were adopted as the theoretical framework for this study. A total of 30 African writers and 300 readers completed a survey questionnaire designed to elicit responses on how new media has influenced African literature. Some of the writers interviewed have distinguished themselves in their fields, their works have appeared alongside works of other international writers. The readers were chosen from a popular literary society. The results of the study indicate that the Internet has a big impact on reception of African literature, creating endless opportunities, easy accessibility, promotion of work and networking with peers and literary community. The findings also show that social media also increases networking opportunities and provides a platform where readers access, share and discuss African literature. Mobile phones also play a significant and functional role in the reception and promotion of African literature. Overall, these findings suggest that new media technologies have created opportunities for African literature to be appreciated globally, and have enabled readers to access, share and discuss new works.
6
Abodohoui, Alexis. "Influence of Chinese management soft power on African skills development". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/36633.
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Cette thèse s’intéresse à l’influence du soft power managérial chinois sur les africains. La question fondamentale de recherche est : comment les africains ayant étudié en Chine ont-ils été influencés par le soft power chinois? Ont-ils développé des capacités managériales à l’instar des managers ou des entrepreneurs chinois? Afin de répondre à la question de recherche, le premier article offre une perspective synthétique des travaux réalisés sur la Chine-Afrique entre 2014-2015. Dans cette revue de littérature, les investissements chinois en Afrique, les acteurs, les motivations, le mode d'entrée, les impacts et les défis de gestion, ont été analysés à la lumière des théories en management international. Cette revue offre de nouvelles perspectives pour explorer les investissements chinois dans les pays africains et contribue à l'ensemble des connaissances sur les relations sino-africaines. Dans le second article, en raison de l’intégration croissante des deux régions, une comparaison des pratiques managériales entre la Chine et les pays africains a été faite. Le but de cet article est de faciliter cette compréhension par une analyse analytique de la littérature. D'après notre analyse, certaines similitudes et divergences liées principalement aux fondations de la gestion, aux styles managériaux, au réseautage et à l'entrepreneuriat ont été identifiées. En raison de la croissance des Africains en Chine, il devient de plus en plus opportun et pertinent d’étudier comment ils sont influencés par les valeurs culturelles chinoises. Ce troisième article analyse, à travers la théorie de l'acculturation, l'influence de la culture chinoise sur les pratiques managériales des Africains formés en Chine. Divers documents suggèrent que l'adaptation peut conduire à la performance et à la créativité. Nous étendons ceci pour inclure le réseau en tant que variable modératrice. À partir d’une enquête auprès de 378 managers africains, nous avons constaté que les adaptations socioculturelles, psychologiques et académiques influençaient de manière positive les compétences entrepreneuriales des Africains. En termes d’effets modérateurs, on considère que le réseau active ou renforce l’effet direct de l’adaptation sur le développement des compétences en entrepreneuriat. Quant au dernier article, il permet d’identifier les capacités managériales et entrepreneuriales développées par les africains lors de leur séjour en Chine. À partir d’une approche méthodologique interprétative basée sur la théorie du Soft Power, les thèmes qui émergent du répertoire cognitif des managers africains et qui reflètent les capacités développées sont entre autres le développement du réseau, la prise de risque, l'optimisme et le pragmatisme. Les résultats de cette étude fournissent de nouvelles perspectives pour l'exploration du soft power chinois en Afrique. Ils montrent que la Chine n'influence pas seulement à travers les aides, les investissements, le modèle économique, etc., mais qu'elle inspire aussi de nombreux pays en raison de ses idées de gestion connues sous le nom de gestion chinoise Soft Power. Mots-clés : pratiques managériales ; soft power ; management africain ; management chinois ; transfert de connaissances ; entrepreneuriat, renforcement de capacités ; adaptation culturelle ; investissements.This thesis focuses on the Influence of Chinese management soft power on African skills development. The fundamental research question is: how were Africans who studied in China influenced by Chinese soft power? Have they developed managerial skills like Chinese managers or entrepreneurs? To answer these questions, the first article offers a synthetic perspective of the works done on China-Africa between 2014-2015. Based on this literature review, Chinese investments in Africa, the actors, and motivations, mode of entry, impacts and management challenges were analyzed in the light of theories in international management. This review offers new perspectives for exploring Chinese investments in African countries and contributes to the body of knowledge on Sino-African relations. In the second article, due to the growing integration of the two regions, a comparison of managerial practices between China and African countries was made. The purpose of this article is to facilitate this understanding through a critical analysis of the literature. Based on our analysis, some similarities and divergences related mainly to management foundations, managerial styles, networking and entrepreneurship were identified. The third article analyzes, through acculturation theory, the influence of Chinese culture on the managerial practices of Africans trained in China. Based on multiple linear regression, this article analyzes not only the effect of acculturation on the development of entrepreneurial capacities but also the moderating role of networking on the different on acculturation. As for the last article, it makes it possible to identify the managerial and entrepreneurial capacities developed by Africans during their stay in China. Using an interpretive methodological approach and based on the Soft Power theory, the themes that emerge from the cognitive repertoire of African managers and that reflect the capacities developed are: network development, risk-taking, optimism and pragmatism. The results of this study provide new perspectives for the exploration of Chinese soft power in Africa. They show that China does not only influence through aids, investments, economic model, etc. but it also inspires many countries due to its management ideas known as Chinese Management Soft Power. Keywords: managerial practices; soft power; African management; Chinese management; knowledge transfer; entrepreneurship, capacity building, cultural adaptation; investments.
7
Grimmer, Brian. "Do fair adjustments influence dividend policy for South African firms?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23725.
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This paper investigates the potential procyclical effects of fair value accounting (FVA). If FVA adjustments result in increased accounting profits with the recognition of transitory gains through a firm's profit and loss (P&L), and if management incorrectly assesses the persistence of the unrealised gains, these increased profits may be paid out as dividends. This has the potential to increase leverage and risk for these firms, thereby also possibly amplifying economic cycles. A study by Goncharov and Van Triest (2011:59) on Russian firms found that FVA adjustments are persistent in future earnings; however, no empirical evidence was found to support an increase in dividends in response to unrealised FVA gains. By contrast, when the setting is limited to South African banks only, De Jager (2015:157) found that South African banks have paid the full amount of any unrealised transitory gains as dividends. This study focuses on the effects of FVA adjustments on dividend policy for South African firms, as represented by the firms included in the FTSE/JSE Top 40 Index. This furthers De Jager's (2015) study by extending the investigation of the dividend relevance of FVA adjustments from the major South African banks, to South African large firms in general. The results of a panel regression of the net profit of these firms reveal that unrealised FVA adjustments do have a persistent influence on future earnings, indicating that these adjustments contain both transitory and persistent elements. A further panel regression of the annual dividends declared by these firms indicates that dividend payments do include a portion of unrealised FVA gains, as expected by the persistent nature of a portion of these unrealised FVA gains.
8
Earl, Jennifer. "The influence of African folktales on Sylvia Path's 'Ariel voice'". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12847.
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Includes bibliographical references.In this study I trace the influence of Paul Radin’s collection of African folktales on Sylvia Plath’s Ariel poems. Elements from these tales have been identified by various critics in Plath’s “Poem for a Birthday” sequence which, according to Hughes, she wrote around the same time as she was reading the African tales. However, the importance of the tales to her later poetry has not yet been fully explored in Plath criticism. “Poem for a Birthday” marks an important stage in the emergence of what has become known as Plath’s “Ariel voice” and it is my contention that the influence of the African tales is significantly present even in this later work. The Ariel poems manifest a preoccupation with motherhood which merges thematically with creative fruitfulness. I examine how Plath adopts and uses the concept of “the African” in Ariel to represent repressed aspects of the human psyche which must emerge into consciousness in order for creative expression to attain a level of deep resonance. This engagement is repeatedly presented as a vital “primitive” force emerging from beneath a stony silent reality. The Africanfolktales provided Plath with a novel set of imagery and resources with which to portray this explorative process. I therefore explore Plath’s interest in “primitivism”. I also argue that the orality of the African tales inspired Plath to focus on the oral nature of her later writing. I hope in this study to free Plath’s Ariel voice from the shadow of her suicide. More importantly, I hope to show that her own collection of Ariel poems represented an important moment in her creative development that envisaged a vital spirit of possibility, activated dramatically by an engagement with Radin’s African tales.
9
Cloutier, Tammy. "Anthropogenic Impacts and Influence On African Painted Dogs (Lycaon Pictus)". Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1597420032227308.
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10
Sampson, Brandi J. "Factors That Influence HIV Testing Among African American College Women". ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1863.
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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has become one of the world's most serious health and development challenges. It is important for African American female students who attend Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs), to engage in routine HIV testing and know their HIV status based on the high prevalence rate of HIV/AIDS among African American women and the risk of engaging in risky sexual behavior in a college. This qualitative study was developed to help gain a better understanding of how African American female students who attend HBCUs make the decision to engage in HIV testing and their attitudes toward HIV testing. Face-to-face individual interviews were conducted to collect data from African American female students who attend a HBCU. By using the theory of reasoned action and planned behavior (TRA/TPB), behaviors, intentions, attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control were explored by addressing questions and topics related to attitudes and decision making toward HIV testing. The women interviewed in this study had accepting and positive attitudes toward HIV testing. Perceived risk level was the leading a factor in making the decision to be tested for HIV among participating women. Understanding how these factors affect communities will help public health professionals, educators, community leaders, university personnel, policy makers, community organizations, and researchers develop the most effective strategies for the development and delivery of HIV testing messages that target African American female students who attend HBCUs.
11
Thomas, Tangee Denise. "African American Masculinity and Its Influence on Hypertension-Related Behaviors". ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6689.
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High blood pressure (hypertension) is known to be one of the leading factors that directly contributes to heart disease and stroke, which are the first and third leading causes of disabilities and death in the general U.S. population. The prevalence of high blood pressure among African American men in the United States ranks as one of the highest in the world. Research indicates the roots of this phenomenon are found in physiological, psychosocial, cultural, and socioeconomic factors differentially affecting the African American population. The purpose of this study was to examine the interaction between African American males' masculine perspective and the lifestyle and clinical dictates essential to self-management of hypertension. This qualitative study used social cognitive theory and health service utilization as its theoretical foundation. The research questions that guided the thematic analysis of the qualitative interview data centered on psychosocial/risk factors, sustaining self-management, and common themes gathered from individual interviews with ten African American men ages 40-65 years with a medical diagnosis of hypertension. Responses were transcribed, and data were analysed by using NVivo 10 to identify reoccurring themes. The dominant themes were perceptions of discrimination, lack of trust and miscommunication with providers, and self-care behaviors associated with masculine identity. The results of the study did not necessarily present new findings but support that efforts are needed by professionals to craft innovative approaches to education and support for African American males with chronic diseases. This study influences positive social change by helping health providers grasp a better understanding of how African American males' views of masculinity and race influence hypertension-related behaviors.
12
Nyengera, Reason. "Influence of anthropogenic stressors on the behaviour and mortality of the endangered African penguin". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/3064.
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This study investigated the potential impacts of several anthropogenic stressors on the movement and survival of African penguins in Algoa Bay, taking into account prey availability and environmental conditions (sea surface temperature and chlorophyll productivity). The primary drive for the study was based on the seismic exploration, which took place in the habitat of the endangered African penguin. The research was also carried out to understand how pelagic fishing and prey availability influence the broader behavioural and mortality aspects of penguins. To achieve this goal, I used monthly beach surveys to assess seabird mortality, admissions of penguins in rehabilitation centres and the monitoring of breeding penguins’ movement at sea through individual GPS tracking. In addition, prey distribution and abundance were monitored with acoustic surveys to assess potential changes in relation anthropogenic stressors. Breeding African penguins did not react dramatically to seismic activities, except on St Croix Island where they changed their foraging direction during the seismic period. There was no evidence of a siginficant increase in African penguin carcasses encountered or strandings along the beaches during the period of seismic activity. However, a sharp increase in encounter rate was recorded soon after seismic operations, which may potentially indicate a delay between the effect of seismic activities on penguin mortality and the encounter of the related carcasses after the operation. However, the impact of seismic surveys on penguins may be long-term rather than short term, and additional studies would be needed to reveal long-term effects of seismic activities, if any. Foraging effort of breeding African penguins increased substantially in the presence of commercial fishing activities within close proximity to the colonies. To a greater extent, at-sea movement patterns and counts of beach cast carcasses were largely influenced by prey availability. Penguins spent more time at sea, traveled longer and covered a larger foraging area during periods of relatvely low pelagic fish abundance. There was also a sharp increase in African penguin mortality during periods of low prey availability in the Bay. However, environmental conditions showed some influence over these interactions. Foraging effort of breeding African penguins increased substantially in the presence of commercial fishing activities within close proximity to the colonies. To a greater extent, at-sea movement patterns and counts of beach cast carcasses were largely influenced by prey availability. Penguins spent more time at sea, traveled longer and covered a larger foraging area during periods of relatvely low pelagic fish abundance. There was also a sharp increase in African penguin mortality during periods of low prey availability in the Bay. However, environmental conditions showed some influence over these interactions. For example a red tide event during in period of low prey availability, made it difficult to understand impacts of prey on penguins difficult. Both anthropogenic stressors and environmental conditions influenced African penguins’ behaviour and survival. Due to the worrying trend of African penguins in South Africa for the past few years, all conservation management efforts to increase penguin numbers and limit their mortality are necessary. This study highlights the negative impact of industrial fishing on this Endangered species and the rapid increase in mortality of penguins during times of low prey availability. A network of Marine Protected Areas would certainly increase food availability to African penguins by limiting competition with fisheries, and contribute to increasing the population numbers.
13
Vincs, Robert, e robert vincs@deakin edu au. "African heart, eastern mind: the transcendent experience through improvised music". Deakin University. School of Communication and Creative Arts, 2002. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20061207.121703.
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14
Sims-Johnson, Vickie. "Low-income African American parents' perception and influence on childhood obesity". ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3122.
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Childhood obesity affects children from every socioeconomic level, but there is a higher prevalence of obesity among preschool-age children from low-income families. Some obese children are experiencing symptoms (e.g., high cholesterol and diabetes) generally experienced by adults. As a result, healthcare costs have increased. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to understand how low-income African American parents contribute to the prevalence of obesity in preschoolers. The conceptual framework and constructs from the health belief model (HBM) guided this study. Interview data were gathered from 8 participants who met the inclusion criteria of being a low-income African American parent with an overweight/obese child living in the Atlanta Region. Creswell's simplified version of Stevick-Colaizzi-Keen's data analysis led to the following themes among the participants. The themes were time restraints for preparing a healthy meal and limited activities-playtime, family time, America's childhood obesity, inappropriate diet, and lack of knowledge. Results demonstrated that parents might not understand that a lack of adequate sleep, physical activity, and healthy meals (consumed with parents) contribute to the prevalence of childhood obesity. Positive social change can be achieved through decreased healthcare costs associated with obesity related diseases by implementing the recommended 60 minutes of structured and unstructured playtime activities at learning centers and parents introducing small dietary changes, with healthy choices, which can start preschoolers eating healthier at a young age.
15
Angevine, Sara. "Women Parliamentarians perceptions of political influence in the South African Parliament". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5692_1181887516.
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In this study, I examine how women Parliamentarians understand their political influence within the South African Parliament and what environmental factors contribute to this understanding. Currently, South Africa is a global leader for the amount of women in Parliament and has been since the 1994 democratic transition. This study examines the formal and informal factors that South African women parliamentarians discuss as helping and hindering their political effectiveness.
Aside from the work of Hassim (2003) and Pandor (1999), little academic research explores the experiences of women within South Africa&rsquo
s Parliament. Considering this lack of research regarding women&rsquo
s experiences within government, I selected a research method that would allow an open space for communication: semi-structured interviews with a qualitative feminist analysis. This study explores the opportunities and obstacles that the women perceived as affecting their political influence.
The participant&rsquo
s responses indicate that they perceive a high level of political influence, with some reservations. Four themes emerged as the leading environmental factors in contributing to the participant&rsquo
s political efficacy: the 1994 democratic transition, the Parliament structure (formal and informal), the political party, and the role of gender.
The informal structures of Parliament, such as socializing spaces, and gender stereotypes, such as the responsibility of women Parliamentarians for &lsquo
women&rsquo
s issues&rsquo
, were discussed as the primary obstacles that hinder the women Parliamentarian&rsquo
s political influence.
The participants felt that the attitudes of political parties regarding women&rsquo
s role in Parliament was critical in facilitating their influence on the political agenda. The women Parliamentarians credited primarily the African National Congress (ANC) political party for framing and developing an atmosphere that mandated women&rsquo
s strong participation in government and their positive perceptions of political influence.
16
Bukasa, Kadima. "Influence of Intercultural Experiences Abroad on African American High School Students". Thesis, Walden University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10636902.
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African American high school students are underrepresented in study abroad programs, and their lack of intercultural skills and international understanding can impede their personal and professional development, and limit their career opportunities. The purpose of this descriptive qualitative case study was to explore the influence of intercultural experiences through study abroad and immersion programs on African American high school students’ intercultural competence. The conceptual framework drew on 2 theories: Bennett’s development model of intercultural sensitivity and Kolb’s experiential learning. Data from interviews and focus groups with 13 African American high school students, 2 parents, and 2 teachers as well as documents and field notes from a Northeast United States urban high school addressed the research questions pertaining to how students perceived travel abroad that fostered intercultural competence skills as well as how teachers and parents perceived students’ personal development. Findings resulted from provisional codes used to identify pattern of codes, and central themes that indicated predeparture seminars and reflective practices enhanced intercultural skills. The portfolios suggested that most students became more reflective and accepting of cultural differences after their sojourn abroad. Recommendations based on the findings suggest increasing homestay experiences and planning and predeparture trainings. Future research is needed on how to attract more male African American students to such programs. The findings may contribute to positive social change by encouraging investment in homestay study abroad and immersion programs with adequate preparation and planning at inner city high schools that might foster intercultural competence skills.
17
Mukadam, Rabia. "African isolates of Plasmodium falciparum and their influence on drug response". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.485902.
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Drug resistance of Plasmodium falciparum malaria is a huge problem. In Africa, as in other malarious areas, many of the current drugs are already useless or are failing rapidly. Chloroquine (CQ), amodiaquine (AM), sulfadoxine / pyrimethamine' (SP) and mefloquine (MQ) are notable members of this growing list. The molecular, basis of drug resistance is reasonably well known for these drugs and amino acid changes in the parasite proteins PjCRT, PjMDRJ, DHFR and DHPS have been implicated. These polymorphisms have been associated with drug resistance in vivo from clinical studies, largely using treatment failure as an end point or from in vitro studies, largely using field lines that were originally isolated many years ago. These studies are informative but some important information is lacking. For example, very little is known about the . phenotype / genotype relationship of current African field isolates and little is known about their likely response to new antimalarials that are currently under development. In this thesis, I have attempted to address some of these issues by culture adapting and studying contemporary field isolates from Africa. I have obtained and culture-adapted a panel of 32 field isolates from study sites in Kenya and characterized their response to currently used antimalarials as well as analyzing them for genetic polymorphisms that are known to be associated with drug resistance. As expected, the well-characterized mutations at positions 5 I, 59 and J08 in the DHFR gene, K76T in PjCRT and mutations at position 86 and 1246 in PjMDRI were largely present, although some mutations were absent in some isolates. What was more surprising is that parasites harbouring mutations in PjCRT and or PjMDR J were almost fully sensitive to CQ and AM. This includes many isolates with the critical K76T PjCRT change. This finding was corroborated using in vitro studies of genetically modified (OM) parasite lines that were allelically-exchange in respect of PjCRT. It was found that OM lines harbouring mutant PjCRT alleles (initially highly chloroquine resistant) became almost fully sensitive to CQ after three months continuous culture in the absence of drug pressure. One possible explanation for this is that PjCRT mutations are necessary but not sufficient for the chloroquine-resistant phenotype and that other genes are modified (probably upregulated rather than mutated). In addition, I have studied the likely effects of existing genetic polymorphisms on the . response of parasite lines to new drugs or combinations using field lines or allelically exchanged OM lines. Co-trimoxazole (CT) is an antifolate combination commonly used to treat bacterial infections and thought by some to have possible clinical utility against malaria. I have shown that parasite response to CT is affected by mutations of DHFR but this mainly occurs in the first mutations step. The acquisition of two or more mutations in DHFR has little further effect on the response on the parasites to CT. This suggests that CT might be useful to treat malaria but only provided that high enough doses can be given. I have also examined the effect of PjCRT polymorphisms on the response of parasite lines to novel 4-aminoquinoline drugs. I have looked at short chain CQ analogues and AM analogues that are modified to avoid metabolic escape. Examples of both of these groups of compounds are currently under drug development. I found that these drugs retain most of their activity against GM lines containing mutant PjCRT. However, there was slight but significant'PjCRT-mediated cross-resistance of the new 4-aminoquinolines with CQ and Desethyl-AM (the main circulating AM metabolite. Cross-resistance remained slight when the lines were, subjected to CQ pressure (becoming highly CQ-resistant. Nonetheless, the possibility remains that African field lines may be primed for rapid resistance to new quinoline, by virtue of their largely CQresistant PjCRT haplotypes. Finally, I examined the effect ofPjCRT polymorphisms on the response to DB75, a novel bis-benzyl amidine, currently under drug development for use as a broad-spectrum anti protozoal. Here the findings are somewhat more encouraging; PjCRT mutations seem to make the parasites more susceptible to this new amidine drug. Furthermore, binding of radiolabeled DB75 to the hematin target was also increased by mutant PfCRT. In' conclusion, I present a detailed study of contemporary isolates ofP. falciparu111 from a typical African setting. The results have some interesting implications for the deployment of current drugs and of drugs currently under development.
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Dogbe, Buckner Komla. "The influence of African sculpture on British art 1910 to 1930". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7118.
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This thesis aims to discuss the influence of African wood sculpture on British art from 1910 to 1930. It proposes that the works, tastes and pronouncements of various 20th century British artists betray this influence and that although the British artists did not initially understand the conceptual foundations of African sculpture their limited knowledge was just sufficient for the modernization of British art through the adaptation of the formal qualities of African art. In assessing the validity of these propositions the thesis examines the factors and issues that facilitated the influence. Chapter 1 discusses the formal qualities of African wood sculpture that attracted the British artists. It outlines the unusual figural proportions, the free and direct use of planar, linear and solid geometry, the treatment of material and its surfaces. The conceptual foundations of African sculpture are generally outlined in Chapter 2. The extent to which the British artists understood these foundations is also discussed. Chapter 3 concerns the introduction of African sculpture to Britain and discusses the development of the anthropological and subsequent aesthetic interest that it aroused. Both the Post-Impressionist Exhibitions and the Omega Workshops which facilitated its influence are examined. Chapter 4 examines the concept and attempts to categorize the nature of this influence. The last three chapters act as case studies in which the impact of African sculpture on Epstein, Gaudier-Brzeska and Henry Moore is examined. The conclusion discusses the term 'Primitive' and the British artists and the 'Primitive'.
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Soutschka, Nadine. "Does tree size matter? : giraffe influence on African savanna ecosystem properties". Bachelor's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25765.
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Trees alter the environment by affecting microclimate, soil properties and adding structural complexity to an otherwise single stratum system. It is known that the herbaceous understory of Savanna ecosystems is most productive at intermediate tree density, where the shade and nutrients from the tree are more influential than the competition with the tree. Tree density varies in savannas due to disturbances, such as fire and herbivory. Yet, disturbances do not only alter density but can affect entire tree structure. It has been found that chronic ungulate browsing influences whole tree size, as well as canopy size and shape. Giraffe in south of Kruger National Park browse heavily on Acacia nigrescens found on basalt-derived soils. I studied the influence of trees above the giraffe browse trap (>6 m) as opposed to trees in the browse trap (< 6 m) on savanna ecosystem properties. I compared grass biomass, soil moisture, soil organic matter, soil carbon and soil nitrogen beneath tall trees vs. short trees, as well as in the open vs. underneath trees. Ecosystem properties were estimated and compared between a giraffe impacted to a giraffe absent area. Giraffe impacted area overall yielded lower grass biomass, soil moisture, soil nitrogen and soil carbon. The consequence is a trophic cascade of events from increased giraffe decreasing fires and in tum increasing tree density and hence carbon sequestration. As giraffes replace a single large tree by several small trees, shows that their population size is key determinant of ecosystem properties.
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Hayden, Melanie L. "Factors that Influence the College Choice Process for African American Students". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32938.
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There has been a slight increase in African American enrollment in higher education in the 30 years since the passage of the Civil Rights Act. However, minority students are not represented in higher education in numbers proportionate to their representation in the general population. African Americans consist of 12.6% of the population, but only 10.6% of the students enrolled in higher education (Chronicle of Higher Education Almanac, 1998).
Additionally, there are differences in the types of schools that successfully educate African American students. Historically Black institutions (HBIs) confer a disproportionately high number of bachelor's degrees on such students. Of all the bachelor's degrees conferred on African Americans in 1994, over 43% were awarded by predominantly White institutions (PWIs) while HBIs conferred 45.1% of the degrees (Nettles & Perna, 1997). There seems to be some difference between the success rates of African American students at PWIs and HBIs.
One of the factors that may influence these success rates is the college selection process. That is, if there are different types of African American students attending PWIs versus HBIs, those differences may account for some of the differences in success rates at the two types of schools. It would seem that research is needed on the factors that African Americans consider in the college selection process, and if those factors differ between African Americans at PWIs and those at HBIs. The present study sought to examine this issue.
A 60-item survey was developed specifically for this study. Survey items asked respondents to rate the extent of influence (very negative to very positive) that factors in four arenas played in their decision to attend a particular school. The four arenas explored in the study included academic factors, social factors, personal factors, and financial factors. The target sample included 360 traditional aged freshmen students: 180 at a PWI and 180 at a HBI.
Mean scores and standard deviations were calculated on all items for each group. These were rank-ordered by group to explore differences by item. Then a factor analysis was conducted to create subscales of the items for each scale. Finally, independent t-tests were conducted to compare mean scores between groups. Results revealed no significant differences in mean score between groups or any of the subscales. However, important differences between groups were identified when the rankings of the mean scores were examined.Master of Arts
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Shawa, Nyambura. "Chronotype in the South African population: the influence of longitudinal location". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13321.
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Includes bibliographical references.Most human beings experience the pull of three different daily timers, the solar clock, their endogenous circadian clock and the societal clock. Solar time is generated by the Earth’s revolution on its axis, resulting in its surface being alternately exposed to and shielded from the sun every 24 hours. The endogenous clock, or circadian oscillator, is driven by a network of transcriptional translational feedback loops, and has a period of close to 24 hours. The circadian oscillator is synchronised to the 24 hour light-dark cycle of the solar clock. The third timer is the standardised societal clock that organises and schedules work, school, transport, appointments and free time in a 24 hour period. The way an individual’s endogenous clock synchronises to the solar clock, through advances or delays relative to sunrise and sunset, results in a phenomenon known as diurnal preference or chronotype. A person may have a morning-chronotype, where they enjoy rising and being active early in the day, an evening-chronotype where they prefer to be active later in the day into the late night, retiring in the early morning hours, or have no strong preference for early or late rising. This renders it easy for some to cope with the demands of the societal clock and others to struggle. Chronotype has both genetic and environmental influences. As society’s schedule is governed by the standardised clock, it was hypothesised that chronotype may be influenced by one’s longitudinal location within a time zone. South Africa presents an interesting case because although it uses just one time zone, in the most Easterly regions of the country, the sun rises and sets up to an hour earlier than in the most Westerly regions throughout the year. Sunrise times have an impact on the way the endogenous clock synchronises to the solar clock. It was hypothesised firstly, that South Africans living in the East of the country may have a greater preference for mornings (more morningchronotypes) than those living in the West; and secondly, that this difference would not be due to genetic differences in the populations, particularly two gene polymorphisms previously shown to influence chronotype. Therefore the aims of this study were to describe and compare the distribution of chronotype in Eastern (n=222) and Western (n=205) sample populations with the use of a validated tool, the Horne–Östberg Morningness, Eveningness Questionnaire. Secondly to describe the genotype and allelic frequency distributions of the PER2 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) G3853A (rs934945) in the Eastern (n= 184) and Western (n=186) populations, and the PER3 variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism in the Eastern (n=143) and Western (n=176) populations from buccal cell samples. There was a significantly higher proportion of morning-types in the Eastern population (60.6%) than in the Western population (40.5%) (p<0.001). Whereas there were higher proportions of neither-types and evening-types in the Western population (50.8% and 8.7% respectively) than in the Eastern population (35.1% and 4.3% respectively) (p<0.001). There were no significant differences in distribution of the PER2 genotype (p=0.121) and allele frequencies (p=0.051) between the Eastern and Western populations nor in the PER3 genotype (p=0.879) and allele (p=0.075) frequencies. Although previous studies have shown associations between chronotype and PER2 G3853A and PER3 VNTR genotypes, no significant associations were observed in either the Eastern (PER2 p=0.769; PER3 p=0.221) or the Western (PER2 p=0.584; PER3 p=0.733) populations. These findings indicate that, in South African populations, longitude influences chronotype independently of genotype. Factors that may contribute to this may be the difference in the rising times of the sun, which is exacerbated to some extent by the study areas being at dissimilar latitudes and thus experiencing slight differences in climate. The impact of the differences in chronotype but the maintenance of the same societal temporal organisation in the Eastern and Western regions were not assessed. However, they may be revealed by investigating certain general health indicators in such as quality of sleep and prevalence of depressive symptoms which are affected when there is incongruence between societal time and endogenous time.
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Jackson, Katie Lee Stadler Holly A. "The influence of racial identity and social support on the employment status of African American women". Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Fall/Dissertations/JACKSON_KATIE_1.pdf.
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McDade, Rhyanne. "Parental Influences on African American Adolescent Marijuana Use". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1378113953.
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Mulugeta, Betselot. "The influence of culture on the views of Black African/African-Caribbean men living in the UK towards cancer". Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2014. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/12880/.
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In the United Kingdom (UK), men face a significantly higher risk of contracting and dying from cancer. Prostate, lung and colorectal cancer are the most common cancers diagnosed in men; with prostate cancer disproportionately affecting black men. Little is known about black African (BA) and black African-Caribbean (BAC) men’s view towards cancer; yet culture and acculturation determine the way in which people understand, explain and develop their attitudes towards cancer. Hence, cancer prevention and early detection strategies may not be sensitive to UK-based black men views, affecting their awareness of risk factors and early detection services. An evidence based understanding about black men’s views towards cancer is needed to effectively target cancer prevention strategies. This qualitative study explored the influence of culture on the views of UK based BA and BAC men towards cancer. In collaboration with black community organisations based in Leeds, Manchester, Birmingham, and London, 27 participants were recruited. Convenience and theoretical sampling methods were used. Data were collected from June 2013-February 2014 using semi-structured one-to-one interviews. Data were analysed using the grounded theory analytical method. BA and BAC men have their own distinct beliefs concerning the causes of cancer, which influence how they view cancer as a whole. Seven categories: ‘Cultural views’; ‘Religious beliefs’; ‘Avoiding Babylon’; ‘Alienation’; ‘Suspicious mind’; ‘Advertisements and information influence very little’, and ‘Gap in service provision (Bridging the gap)’ were identified as sub-categories revolving around the core category: ‘Cancer through black eyes’. Cancer was not viewed as a purely medical condition through black eyes. Black men’s views towards cancer were closely linked to socially constructed perspectives of themselves, linked with their cultural and religious beliefs; what being black male means in society, the meanings of historical phenomena like slavery, and the meanings they ascribed to social systems and establishments, such as healthcare systems. Clinical risk factors such as smoking and obesity had different meanings and symbolisation through black eyes. There were macro- and micro-level similarities and differences between BA and BAC men. Cancer-related services, such as public-health campaigns, aimed at black men need to be sensitive enough to understand cancer through black eyes. Public health campaigns based on only the clinical meaning of cancer mismatch with black men’s understandings of cancer. Accordingly, the effort made to increase public awareness of cancer and to reduce health inequality in this regard may continue to be ineffective. Findings from this study can be used to inform public health policy makers, and healthcare professionals more broadly, including professionals involved in health promotion, as well as charitable organisations aiming to provide services that will be utilised by BA and BAC men.
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Willis, Lynyetta G. "African American Baptist church community influence of sociocultural factors on faith development /". mixed, 2006. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-06082007-115624/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2006.Title from title page. Gregory Brack, committee chair; Asa Hilliard III , Kenneth B. Matheny, Julie Ancis, committee members. Electronic text (154 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed October 8, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 130-140).
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Willis, Lynyetta Gittens. "African American Baptist Church Community: Influence of SocioCultural Factors on Faith Development". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2007. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/cps_diss/11.
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When describing faith development, established models often fail to incorporate the effects of an individual’s sociocultural context and control for additional dimensions of their identity such as ethnicity, gender and religious denomination (Mattis, 2001; Myers, 1991; Willis, 2005). This study involved 18 African American women and men between the ages of twenty and seventy-seven who identified as Baptist Church goers within the Southeastern region of the United States. A mixed methods design informed by interpretive and emerging social network paradigms was used (Hanson, 2005; LeCompte & Schensul, 1999). There were two phases of this study. Within phase one, twelve participants completed one semi-structured interview and the Optimal Theory and Identity Development-Revised (OTAID-R) instrument (Haggins, 1996) which was designed to evaluate identity development along multiple dimensions, including spirituality. Within phase two, six participants took part in a follow-up focus group to validate the emergent themes. Grounded theory was used to analyze the data (Strauss & Corbin, 1998). A circular socioculturally informed model of faith development was devised. The current model was most congruent with African centered models of faith development and revealed non-linear process of faith development. The OTAID-R survey was not significantly correlated with the age of the participants. Implications for research and practice include the importance of considering sociocultual context and experience when conceptualizing developmental processes within a culturally informed framework.
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Gouws, Nadia. "Identifying factors that influence customer retention in a South African retail bank". Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9032.
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Customer retention plays a pivotal role in contributing to the profitability of retail banks. Within this extremely competitive market it necessitates retails banks to follow a structured, data-driven approach to identify “at risk” customers and to launch proactive retention campaigns based on identified drivers of customer attrition.
The following main drivers of customer attrition were identified in the retail bank:
Attrition decrease as Vertical Sales Index increase.
Attrition is lower where customers receive their salary in a BANKXX account.
Attrition decreases as duration increases.
Black and Coloured have a higher attrition rate than White and Asian.
A literature review was conducted to identify the possible independent variables of customer retention and the concept of the profitable customer was addressed throughout proposed conceptual model was developed, signifying the best fit to identify drivers of customer retention in the retail bank.
The analytical tool, SAS was used for data collection and statistical analyses of the data. This high-performance analytics assisted in providing the retail bank with valuable insight into how to successfully manage risk, retain profitable customers, improve operational efficiency and differentiate them in the marketplace for competitive advantage.Thesis (MBA)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.
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Ihenacho, Kelechi Nkeiruka, e Christina Nicole Burden. "The influence of gender scripts on African American college student condom use". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3329.
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This study examines how African American gender scripts influence condom use for disease and pregnancy prevention. One-hundred African American California State University, San Bernardino (CSUSB) students were selected to participate in this study. Fifty African American males and fifty African American females were surveyed for this study to be representative of the African American community on campus.
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Hourel, Natasha T. "How Parenting Behaviors Influence Weight and Health Status of African American Adolescents". ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3495.
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There has been an upward trend in obesity among African American (AA) adolescents over the last 2 decades. While parenting characteristics (e.g., styles and practices) are linked to adolescent eating habits and weight status, related research has focused on European American children from 2-parent middle-class households or economically disadvantaged AA children from single mother households. The purpose of this quantitative secondary data analysis was to investigate the relationship between parenting characteristics on the weight status of adolescents aged 12 to 17 years (n = 325) among a broader population of AA mothers and fathers residing both inside and outside of the home. The social cognitive theory, widely used in obesity intervention research, was the framework used to explore parental behaviors that contribute to adolescent weight status and health. The National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 was used to examine the relationship between parenting characteristics on adolescent weight status, as measured by body mass index (BMI) percentile. Statistical analysis included the Kruskal-Wallis Test, Mann-Whitney U, Spearman rho correlation, and hierarchical multiple regression. Results indicated no significant relationships between parenting characteristics and adolescent BMI percentiles as determined by Kruskal-Wallis and multiple regression analysis when controlled for sociodemographic variables. Study findings indicate that variables beyond parenting practices, such as urban/rural residence, must be considered to explain BMI and weight status among AA adolescents. Largely, this study increased knowledge on AA parenting characteristics and promotes education and social awareness of the continued weight epidemic that plagues AA children in the United States.
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Glover, Nichole Leigh. "Factors That Influence Physical Activity Among African American Mothers at Recreation Centers". ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6832.
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Physical activity is a critical factor in preventing obesity and other chronic illnesses. African American women experience higher rates of physical inactivity than the general population. As a key figure in the family, African American mothers should model healthy behaviors to the family, especially their children. This qualitative study explored the physical activity attitudes of African American mothers who frequently visit a recreation center in the Columbus, Ohio, area. The research questions focused on the possible barriers and motivators for physical activity engagement. The theory of planned behavior, which emphasizes behaviors, intentions, and attitudes when exploring health behaviors, guided the study. Purposeful sampling was applied to recruit a sample of 17 African American mothers over the age of 18 from 5 recreation centers. Participants who met inclusion criteria participated in a semi-structured one-on-one interview. Data were analyzed by hand coding and NVivo to capture and analyze themes, including (a) physical movement, (b) physical health, (c) environment, (d) schedule, (e) physical appearance, and (f) well-being. The findings indicated that African American mothers are aware of the value of physical activity for themselves and their families. However, personal responsibilities may prevent them from engaging in regular physical activity. The study contributes to social change by providing community center directors and public health professionals with information that they can use to create more culturally sensitive physical activity interventions.
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Solomon, Author Edward. "African American Male Veterans' Perceptions Regarding Factors That Influence Community College Completion". ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7898.
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African American, male, veteran (AAMV) students are not completing their degrees at a
local community college. The purpose of this qualitative research study was to examine veteran student perspectives regarding factors that influence community college completion to better understand their unique needs as veteran students. The conceptual framework was Bean and Metzner's model of nontraditional student attrition. The Schlossberg situation, self, support, and strategies transition model served as a foundation to examine each veteran student's personal experience of navigating available community college services to reach their educational goals. Data were collected from interviews with 10 AAMV students. Interview transcripts were coded, and an inductive data analysis was used to develop the study findings and identify emerging themes. The findings highlight veteran student service progress, identify challenges, and make recommendations for an overview of the key results of the data analysis. The project was an executive summary that addresses the experience of AAMV community college students who are not completing their degrees based on the data analysis of the research. The findings of this study may influence social change by helping veterans have a better understanding of resources and support that are needed to assist them in completing their community college degree. The results also provide information that may assist academic leaders in identifying ways to support AAMV students successfully complete their community college degrees.
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Taylor, Corey Michael. "Ambiguous sounds African American music in modernist American literature /". Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 253 p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1654487481&sid=4&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Martin, Maria A. "Underestimated Influences: North Africa in Classical Antiquity". University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1301936096.
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Guy, Mignonne Catherine. "Othering the Other: How Stereotypes Influence African American and Black African High School Students' Perceptions and Expectations of Higher Education". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195950.
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For decades, researchers have sought greater understanding of the educational achievement gap between Blacks and Whites in the U.S. Past studies have concentrated heavily on K-12 attainment, and more recently on that of minority paths to higher education as well as obstacles to academic achievement. Often unnoticed are the interactions between social forces and the individual level psycho-social and cultural factors that may place a significant role; the stigmatization and resultant marginalization of Black students by negative stereotypes that classify them as intellectually inferior. This study explores African American and Black African highs school students' perceptions of negative stereotypes placed upon them through the conceptual frameworks of critical race theory (CRT) and the multidimensional model of racial identity (MMRI). Examining differences by immigrant status, this study seeks to uncover the intersection between the socially constructed images assigned to stigmatized groups differently influenced by negative stereotypes of Blacks and the subsequent influence on the students' perceptions and expectations of higher education. The narratives of this study illustrate the complexity of and interplay between external forces, minority youth social identities and pathways to academic attainment. This study finds that African American and Black African youth have multiple social identities that are not always reflective of the most accessible one of race. This study finds that salient social identities, personal or vicarious experiences of discrimination and being negatively stereotyped shape Black youths' individual aspirations and strategies for achievement. The present study calls into question the claim that Black youth process and respond to negative stereotypes of Blacks in a predictable manner and that these students respond to them independently of other social forces such as their families and communities in which they reside.
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Raman, Parvathi. "'Being an Indian communist the South African way' : the influence of Indians in the South African Communist Party, 1934-1952". Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2002. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29274/.
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The Indians that settled in South Africa were differentiated by class, caste, religion, language and region of origin. Whilst some Indians were imported as indentured labourers to work on the sugar plantations in Natal, others came as merchants and traders and set up businesses in South Africa. In this thesis, I consider the historical background to the construction of 'Indianness' in South Africa, where the idea of 'community', a contested and transformative concept, called upon existing cultural traditions brought from India, as well as new ways of life that developed in South Africa. Crucially, central to the construction of 'Indianness' were notions of citizenship and belonging within their new environment. I look at the ways in which sections of the Indian 'community' were radicalised through fighting for democratic rights and citizenship in South Africa, and subsequently joined the South African Communist Party. With Indian South African communists, there was, I argue, a complex articulation between the influence of Gandhi and the Indian national movement, socialism and class politics, and the circumstances of their new social and political landscape. Historically, Indians have been disproportionately represented in the South African Communist Party in relation to their numbers in wider South African society. They have played an important part in the development of political strategies within the party and, in particular, have contributed to the ongoing debate on the relationship between nationalism and socialism and the practical application of this in party work. In this thesis, I look at the role of Indians in the South African Communist Party and consider the social, cultural and political influences that they brought to the organisation. I examine how these traditions were woven into new forms of political resistance within the CP, and how these fed into the Defiance Campaign of 1952.
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Johnson, Candace Sheree. "ADOLESCENT DRUG USE: THE ROLE OF PARENTAL AND PEER FACTORS IN THE SIXTH AND SEVENTH GRADES". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin998308683.
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Elmore, Raheem Terrell Rashawn. "Cultural Trauma's Influence on Representations of African American Identity in Alice Walker's "Everyday Use"". University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1575988169901602.
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Dlepu, Siziwe Everrette. "From song to literary texts : a study of the influence of isiXhosa lyrics on selected isiXhosa texts". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/943.
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Songs play a vital role in the everyday life of the AmaXhosa. Each and every occasion or gathering is accompanied by singing. Their anger or pain, sorrow or joy is reflected in their singing. Although these songs are composed for social purposes and entertainment, they are also educational. Songs may be composed and sung to comment on political affairs, complain against the abuse of power by the authorities, declare war, protest, praise a hero, encourage working together and ridicule the foolishness of someone. Vocabulary and diction used in the composition of these songs, relays the message in a clever and witty style. Since the AmaXhosa are intellectuals, irony and satire are used. The satirical or ironical songs hide the meaning and the listener must unravel the real meaning. AmaXhosa singing, chanting and dancing is accompanied by instruments. These instruments add more rhythm to the dance.The AmaXhosa use anything at their disposal when carving their instruments. Their songs may be accompanied by the beating of cow-hide drums, blowing of reed-pipe whistles, animal horns, beating of sticks and hand-clapping. The most important instrument the AmaXhosa use is the human voice. They are experts in humming, gruff singing and whistling. The songs of the AmaXhosa encourage togetherness. When one composes a song, one does not express one’s own feelings, but also the feelings of the community. The AmaXhosa songs are about participation so group singing and dancing is encouraged. Everyone participates either by singing, dancing or clapping. x Respect is the central core of the AmaXhosa songs. That is why the songs are composed according to age groups and sex. Instruments are also used according to ages and sex. Written texts are also a tool to educate the reader. The writers have decided to include songs in their writings to act as a form of entertainment and education. Although some songs lack the hallmarks of a traditional song, they communicate the idea or relay the message the writer wants to convey to the reader. Terms: Mock enconuim, the grotesque and the principle of beautiful deformity, anaphoric construction, diction and connotation, authorial comments, the mask-persona form, usurping of authority and reduction of traditional status.
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Nunis, Roxie Ann. "The impact of social media on young adults of African-American or African descent". Scholarly Commons, 2012. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/802.
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Throughout history, technology has evolved to help empower communities of color. In the twenty-first century, online social networking sites have changed the way people communicate with their peers, employers and the world. Online social media sites have brought demands for further exploration using social media sites. Online social media has influenced social change, and has become the voice of the new era. Facebook and Twitter have been the leading tools used to communicate world events, social gatherings, revolutions and everyday events. Communication scholars have begun to research the phenomenon of how social media sites are being used to socialize communities of color.
In the digital age, researchers are using methods such as uses and gratification to understand and investigate why African-Americans are using online social media sites as a tool to communicate. Researchers focus on questions such as why are African-Americans interested in sharing personal information online, and how do African-Americans use different social media sites to engage. In this research, Facebook was one of the most popular sites used in the African-American communities to communicate by posting pictures, exchanging information and posting daily activities. There are several reasons for social online media sites in the African-Americans community, such as entertainment, socialization, information-seeking, business and education.
The study found African-American young adults use social media sites to engage in daily activities and information seeking. Further explanations of observed finding were provided in the thesis.
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Collett, Gary Reece. "Systemic influence on Black South African adolescents' career development : adolescent and parental perspectives". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1513.
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Currently, no career theories exist that sufficiently explain the career development of South Africa’s diverse population groups. Consequently, South African researchers have been entirely dependent on international, western-informed career theories. While such theories have taken on a more ethnocentric complexion in recent times, they remain essentially decontextualised for South Africa. Furthermore, although the influence of family and the significant roles of parents have been theoretically acknowledged as critical influences in adolescent career development, there is still a considerable lack of research in South Africa on this topic. The present study therefore explored the perceptions of systemic influences on adolescent career development from the perspectives of both Black middle-class South African Grade 11 learners and their parents. The research was conceptualised within the Systems Theory Framework (STF) of career development and used its derivative instrument, the My Systems of Career Influences (MSCI, Adolescent). The present study utilised a qualitative research method, using answers derived from the MSCI (Adolescent) booklets to inform semi-structured interviews. The data analysis procedure involved the use of Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis to qualitatively analyse data obtained from the semistructured interviews. Findings revealed a number of influences within the individual system (personality, values, abilities), social system (adolescents’ parents and teachers) and societal-environmental system (financial support, the opportunity to work overseas, geographical location, job availability, and the location of universities) that were acknowledged as having an influence on the career development of South African Black middle class adolescents. Each of these findings were explored and unpacked under the four xii identified Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) superordinate themes of Family Dynamics, Great Expectations, The Ghost of Apartheid and Coconuts Fall Far From the Tree. Lastly, the limitations of the present study, as well as recommendations for future research are discussed.
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Lawrence, John. "Influence of National Socialist ideology on the South African Nationalist party 1939-1945". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28415.
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This thesis seeks to define the relationship between Nazi ideology and the ideology of Afrikaner Nationalism as represented by the Nationalist party of South Africa during the war years between 1939 to 1945. It addresses the two separate problems, what fascist ideology is, for it is necessary to define fascism before one can understand Naziism, a species of fascism, and whether the ideology of the Nationalist party of South Africa was fascist or Nazi during World War II, a period of time when international events exercised a considerable influence on domestic politics in South Africa.
These two problems have been approached by examining authorities on the subject dealt with in this thesis, and by looking at statements of leading Nationalist politicians' documents and Nationalist party platforms, as well as the overt political behaviour of the Italian fascists, the German National Socialists, the Nationalist party, as well as other related fascist organizations. The framework into which this data has been inserted includes a historical overview of Afrikaner history in South Africa, and history of the Nationalist party, an examination of the South african political situation during the period under question, followed first by an 8 point definition of fascism and a 2 point definition of Naziism, and then by a comparison of Nationalist ideology with fascism and Naziism on each characteristic. The definition of fascism offered in this thesis is premised on the fact that a political party's ideology comes out in its overt behaviour, and is not merely a recapitulation of its stated party platform.
The conclusions arrived at show that the Nationalist party was influenced by fascist and Nazi ideology on some points, notably in its attitudes towards Communists, Jews and democracy. Dissimilarities arise when one compares the Nationalists to the Nazis in the social composition of their respective movements, and when one discovers the contrast between the nationalist party's religio-traditionalist conservatism and the Nazi's revolutionary nihilism. The Nationalist party can be shown to be a party that was open to Nazi influence but not completely swamped by it during the period in question.Arts, Faculty of
Political Science, Department of
Graduate
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Bernard, Yolanda. "The influence of adolescent pregnancy on the younger sisters of African American girls". Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/791.
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Green, Brandeis H. "The Moderating Influence of Strength on Depression and Suicide in African American Women". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/psych_diss/98.
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Strength for African American women and its psychological ramifications are being newly conceptualized and explored empirically in psychological research. The Strong Black Woman Attitudes Scale, (Thompson, 2003) was created to empirically test a three factor theoretical model: self reliance, affect regulation, and caretaking as a reliable culturally relevant coping mechanism for African American women. The primary aim of this study is to explore if cultural coping (SBW) moderates the relationship between depression and suicide in African American women. Other aims include, replicating the factor structure of the SBWAS with a community sample, and examining relationships between the SBW, racial identity, traditional coping, and depression. The Strong Black Woman Attitude Scale (SBWAS) was used to measure cultural coping, and the Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WOCQ) was used to measure traditional coping. Racial regard and centrality subscales from the Multidimensional Inventory of Black Identity (MIBI) measured racial identity and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck Suicide Scale (BSS) measured depression and suicide respectively. Results showed significant moderations for the total SBW score and the affect regulation subscale. Additionally, racial identity was positively associated with cultural coping, and cultural coping was negatively associated with traditional coping. Depression was positively related to the SBW and suicide. The three factor model was also upheld. The results of this study support the notion that strength for African American women can have detrimental psychological effects on women utilizing this coping style.
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Green, Brandeis H. "The Moderating Influence of Strength on Depression and Suicide in African American Women". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/psych_diss/107.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Strength for African American women and its psychological ramifications are being newly conceptualized and explored empirically in psychological research. The Strong Black Woman Attitudes Scale, (Thompson, 2003) was created to empirically test a three factor theoretical model: self reliance, affect regulation, and caretaking as a reliable culturally relevant coping mechanism for African American women. The primary aim of this study is to explore if cultural coping (SBW) moderates the relationship between depression and suicide in African American women. Other aims include, replicating the factor structure of the SBWAS with a community sample, and examining relationships between the SBW, racial identity, traditional coping, and depression. The Strong Black Woman Attitude Scale (SBWAS) was used to measure cultural coping, and the Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WOCQ) was used to measure traditional coping. Racial regard and centrality subscales from the Multidimensional Inventory of Black Identity (MIBI) measured racial identity and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck Suicide Scale (BSS) measured depression and suicide respectively. Results showed significant moderations for the total SBW score and the affect regulation subscale. Additionally, racial identity was positively associated with cultural coping, and cultural coping was negatively associated with traditional coping. Depression was positively related to the SBW and suicide. The three factor model was also upheld. The results of this study support the notion that strength for African American women can have detrimental psychological effects on women utilizing this coping style.
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Sharp, Kristy-Lee. "Internet's influence on the marketing activities of South African companies / Kristy-Lee Sharp". Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/10358.
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The Internet is one of the most advanced technologies of modern times and it is diffusing at an exponential rate amongst business-to-consumer and business-to-business organisations. This has resulted in it becoming an irrevocable and an unstoppable trend, thereby making it vital for companies to incorporate it into their businesses. The Internet, Internet technologies and Internet services, particularly the Web, are widely acknowledged to have had and to continue to have a considerable impact on the practice of marketing. The adoption of the Internet and the Web is an independent variable influencing two interrelated aspects of the marketing function, namely the company’s conceptualisation of its marketing activities and the definition of its markets, which together directly influence the creation of greater customer value. Although research studies regarding the Internet’s impact on marketing conducted in the past in different countries and at different times produced quite similar trends in responses, advances in information technology (IT) and the increased Internet usage since the late 1990s necessitated reinvestigating marketers’ perceptions as to the changes in market practices brought about by the Internet. This study sought to determine the changes arising from the Internet in the conceptualisation of marketing activities, the definition of markets and the creation of greater customer value, based on a literature review and on empirical evidence founded on the opinions of South African marketing practitioners. The purpose of this study was to determine the South African marketing practitioners’ perceptions of the Internet’s influence on the practice of marketing. Five focal questions were asked and answered by the study: 1. How has the Internet changed the way that companies conceptualise their marketing activities? 2. How has the Internet changed the way that companies define their markets? 3. How has the Internet changed the way that companies create value for their customers? 4. To what extent have South African marketers’ perceptions of the influence of the Internet on marketing changed from the late 1990s to 2011? 5. To what extent do South African marketers’ perceptions of the influence of the Internet on marketing differ to those in studies conducted in Australia in 2001(Leong, Ewing & Pitt, 2003) and in Iran in 2007 (Ghazisaeedi, Pitt & Chaharsooghi, 2007)? For this study, the target population comprised South African marketing practitioners. The sampling frame consisted of the top 200 South African companies of 2009, ranked according to turnover, listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE), as published by the Financial Mail (2009). A non-probability, judgment sample of the 100 of these top South African companies was taken in April 2011. The study was conducted without replacement sampling. The telephone directory was used to obtain the telephone numbers of these companies so that the secretaries could be contacted to obtain the particulars of the marketing managers or marketing directors of the companies and permission to forward the questionnaire to the respective individuals. A structure self-administered questionnaire was then be emailed to those respondents from whom telephonic permission had been obtained. The questionnaire requested respondents to indicate on a five-point Likert scale their perceptions as to the extent to which the Internet influences the marketing practices within their company on 31 items divided into the three constructs of re-conceptualising marketing activities, changing market definition and creating greater customer value. In addition, the respondents were asked to provide certain demographic data. The findings indicate that the Internet has changed the way companies conceptualise their marketing activities, define their markets and create value for their customers in a variety of ways. When comparing this study against the results of the other three studies it is evident, that between the 1997 and the 2011 South African study and the 2001 Australian study and the 2011 South African study, the respondents did not vary significantly in their perceptions towards the items in each of the three constructs and the overall scale. Hence, the differences between the mean scores of the two studies concerning the three constructs and the overall scale are both statistically and practically non-significant. When comparing the 2005 Iranian study against the 2011 South African, the results show that for both the first construct and the overall scale there is a significant statistical difference at p < 0.05. Concerning to Construct 1, the extent to which the Internet has changed the way that companies conceptualise their marketing activities, a significant statistical difference exists between the two studies, with p = 0.002 < 0.05. Furthermore, with regard to the overall scale, the Internet’s influence on the marketing activities of companies, a significant statistical difference exists between the two studies, with p = 0.046 < 0.05. With the exception of Construct 1 and the overall scale, there is no significant statistical difference between the 2005 Iranian and the 2011 South African studies on Construct 2 and Construct 3. These results indicate that the respondents from the two studies conducted in Iran in 2005 and more recently in South Africa in 2011 did not vary significantly in their perceptions towards items in the second construct and the third construct. In order to assess whether there was a significant practical difference in the item means between the two studies, Cohen’s D-statistic was used. There is a small effect, moving toward practical significance on Construct 1 (D = 0.422) and the overall scale (D = 0.268). From this, it is evident that all main areas of marketing are being significantly influenced by the Internet. Therefore, Internet marketing has become a business imperative owing to it being an irrevocable and an unstoppable trend and, as a result, companies must make a concerted effort to collaborate the technologies available to them to avoid failure in the new digital business environment.MCom, Marketing Management, North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2012
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Amadi, Mark. "British-African Pentecostal megachurches and postmodern worship : comparative and contemporary influence and impact". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7039/.
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To what extent is British African Pentecostal Megachurch (BAPMC) a postmodern phenomenon, and has APMC influenced the western Pentecostal worship style in any way? The plethora of literature on Megachurches reveals a gap in knowledge about African Pentecostal Megachurch (APMC) worship and its influences, especially within the UK. Consequently, there is a need to research if the APMC worship concept is a postmodern phenomenon. This study seeks to investigate and determine if there is any influence and to what extent the African Pentecostal Megachurch is a postmodern phenomenon. To determine this, the study examines early African religion, missionary Christianity, African Instituted Churches, African Pentecostalism, transmigration and African immigration, the Black Church, African Diaspora and the Megachurch to give an understanding of African worship concept in comparison to what is obtainable today. A research methodology peculiar to this study was adopted, which involved using four APMCs in London as case studies to generate sufficient data to answer the research question along with existing literature and research projects by Megachurch experts. This study used the western contemporary culture (WCC) as a lens to view how these APMCs worship today compared to the African early worship styles and establishes that a relationship exists between the WCC and the APMCs’ worship concept; that WCC has influenced the APMC worship concept. Likewise, the western Pentecostal worship style has been influenced by African Pentecostal worship features. Throughout this thesis, the phrases ‘postmodernism’ and ‘WCC’ will be used interchangeably.
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Harris, Allyssa L. "Factors that influence contraceptive decision-making in African American women, an intergenerational perspective". Thesis, Boston College, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/26.
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Thesis advisor: Joellen W. HawkinsAfrican American women represent a unique group of women in the United States and have a long history of lack of reproductive freedom. Slavery and forced procreation, sterilization abuses, the Eugenics movement, and federally mandated contraception have all impacted on African American women’s independence in contraceptive decision-making. Given this population’s history, it is important for healthcare providers to understand African American women’s contraceptive decision-making, as women often seek their guidance. The purpose of this dissertation research was to discover the intergenerational influences on African American women’s contraceptive decision-making. The specific aims of this study were to: 1) develop an understanding of African American women’s contraceptive decision-making process; 2) identify the factors that influence their decision-making; and 3) develop knowledge that can be used to influence nursing practice. Included in this exploration were questions on the role of mothers and grandmothers in adolescents’ decision-making, familial beliefs about contraceptive choices and whether societal and social factors continue to influence contraceptive decisionmaking in the 21st Century. For this work, I used a qualitative descriptive approach to develop an understanding of the phenomenon from the participants’ worldview. I recruited a purposive sample of 7 triads from a metropolitan community in the northeast United States. I conducted an individual interview, using a semi-structured guide, with each participant. Six themes emerged from the data: 1) southern influences; 2) a worldview of relationships; 3) communication: key to preparedness; 4) seeking information from Mom; 5) "I got caught up in the game"; and 6) contraceptive use and beliefs. African American women's contraceptive decision making is influenced by a variety of factors including familial beliefs, attitudes, culture, and ethnicity. These patterns are transferred to each succeeding generation. Nurses have a significant role to play in providing appropriate contraceptive information and education in a culturally competent context that will meet the needs of these women and their families
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2008
Submitted to: Boston College. Connell School of Nursing
Discipline: Nursing
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White, Sarah April. "The influence of the Agulhas Current on two South African extreme weather events". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/19150.
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Includes bibliographical references.Surface station, satellite and NCEP re-analysis data are used to examine the evolution of two severe storms that occurred over the eastern coastal regions during South Africa's summer season 1998/99. The storms in November and December were both accompanied by heavy rainfall in two widely separated locations. The storm in December proved to be more severe as it resulted in flooding while tornadoes were reported in the Umtata and Hogsback regions of the Eastern Cape. Both storms appeared to result from interaction between a continental heat low, advection of warm moist air around an anticyclone in the South-west Indian Ocean and an approaching midlevel westerly trough. NCEP derived moisture flux diagrams and back trajectories of air parcels constructed from ECMWF data suggest that the Agulhas Current region was a major source of low level moisture for both storms. TRMM satellite imagery captured heavy rainfall above the high sea surface temperatures of the Agulhas Current. TRMM measurements of rainfall and latent heat in the atmosphere show that the high sea surface temperatures of the Agulhas Current modified the mesoscale environment above the current. To what extent the mesoscale environment above the Agulhas Current modified the synoptic situations over land could be answered using regional modeling and more frequent radiosonde data.
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Mankantshu, Mninawe Albert. "Investigating the factors that influence digital forensic readiness in a South African organisation". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8504.
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Includes bibliographical references.Computer crimes affect the bottom line of organisations across the globe. The ability of criminals to exploit organisational systems and avoid prosecution is a concern for most organisations. This is due to the increased use of information and communication technology (ICT) by individuals and organisations. The rapid growth of ICT has affected our communication and information exchange. These advances have not only influenced the way we conduct our daily activities, but has also led to new opportunities, risks and challenges for technical and legal structures. Unfortunately, some individuals and groups have decided to use these ICT advances in order to engage in criminal activities, such as cybercrime. The increase of cyber-related crimes puts a lot of pressure on law enforcement agencies and organisations across the globe to produce credible digital forensic evidence.
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Mlambo, Chipo. "The influence of corporate failures and foreign law on South African corporate governance". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60066.
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This dissertation discusses how South African Corporate Governance has been influenced by corporate failures and foreign law, through comparing international jurisdictions. The dissertation comprises of five chapters, beginning with an introductory Chapter One. The introductory chapter provides a background and sets out the research problem and questions to be answered as well as the methodology used in this study. Chapter Two introduces the concept of corporate governance and is divided into two parts. Part one focuses on principles of good corporate governance as set out by the King Report of 2002 and the Organisation of Economic Co-operation and Development principles of corporate governance. Part Two discusses the importance of corporate governance as it applies to organisations. Part Three considers the different models of corporate governance and where South Africa fits. Chapter three provides case study examples of corporate failures and corporate governance development in both the United Kingdom and the United States of America, to provide an understanding of the negative implications of failing to establish and adhere to corporate governance protocols. In Chapter Four examples are provided relating to corporate failures and corporate governance development in the South African context in particular. Finally Chapter Five summarises the research findings and concludes this dissertation. In addition to highlighting how corporate failures have influenced the development of corporate governance and how these together with foreign law have influenced corporate governance in South Africa, the study recommends that an African-centred approach to corporate governance be adopted in South Africa and the continent.Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2016.
Mercantile Law
LLM
Unrestricted