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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Industrial sociology. Social conditions of labor"
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Górski, Piotr. "Labor Issues in Sociological Research into the Social Aspects of Industrialization: The Circle of Kazimierz Dobrowolski". Zarządzanie Zasobami Ludzkimi 134-135, n.º 3-4 (15 de junho de 2020): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.1665.
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The objective of this article is to present one of the lineages of human resource management in Poland—industrial sociology. It was within the framework of this subdiscipline that research devoted to the social aspects of industrialization was carried out in the nineteen–sixties and seventies. Studies conducted within the circle of the Cracovian sociologist, Kazimierz Dobrowolski, looked at the industrial centers of Lesser Poland. The primary research question involves the process of the shaping of industrial company personnel in connection with the migration of rural population to industrial centers. The research demonstrated the social and cultural conditions behind this process, not only the impact of the culture of rural communities on shaping work culture in companies, but also the influence of industrial work experience on the life and cultural aspirations of rural communities.
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Goldstone, Jack A. "Gender, Work, and Culture: Why the Industrial Revolution Came Early to England but Late to China". Sociological Perspectives 39, n.º 1 (março de 1996): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1389340.
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Neither technical inability nor population/resource imbalances prevented China from developing mechanized cotton-spinning. However, restrictions on the deployment of female labor outside the home, promulgated by Confucian ethics and enforced by the state as part of social control, prevented widespread adoption of machinery requiring extra-household use of female labor. Under such conditions—which did not obtain in Europe, where female wage labor had long been used for service outside of natal households—factory production could not compete with household production.
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Köhler, Holm-Detlev. "Reconstruction and restoration: the legacies of post-war German Industrial Sociology". Work, Employment and Society 30, n.º 6 (9 de julho de 2016): 1017–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950017016638988.
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The article reconstructs the re-birth of Industrial Sociology in Germany after the Second World War in a comparative perspective. Although sharing the main context conditions and maintaining a constant and fluent exchange with their colleagues in other countries, the German intellectual traditions and specific institutional context motivated several particular interests and perspectives that shape a distinct German Industrial Sociology until today. The dominance of qualitative in-depth research, the focus on the emancipative potentials in high-skill-based work organization, the cooperative industrial relations tradition and the constant attempts to link employment studies with general social theory on modern capitalist society and social change characterize German Industrial Sociology. The richness of distinct national institutional settings for comparative social research on employment regimes may be another lesson to be learned from critical reconstruction of labour sociology.
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Wood, Augustus C. "The Crisis of the Black Worker, the U.S. Labor Movement, and Democracy for All". Labor Studies Journal 44, n.º 4 (dezembro de 2019): 396–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0160449x19887253.
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This paper contextualizes the socioeconomic condition of the African-American working class in the American Labor Movement. As the union movement continues its steady decline, African-American social conditions are deteriorating at an alarming pace. Racial oppression disrupted historically powerful labor movements as African-Americans served in predominantly subproletariat labor positions. As a result, Black workers endured the racially oppressive U.S. structure on the periphery of the U.S. Labor Movement. I argue that Black working-class social conditions are dialectically related to their subjugated position in the modern-day union movement. Therefore, for Black social conditions and working-class conditions to improve overall, the union movement must centralize the conditions of the Black workers.
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Ahmed Hassan, Ruwayda. "Child Labor in English Literature". Arab World English Journal For Translation and Literary Studies 8, n.º 2 (24 de maio de 2024): 80–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awejtls/vol8no2.6.
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Child labor is an old social problem. It peaked during the Industrial Revolution which greatly influenced English society, such as rural exodus, lack of equal job opportunities, miserable living and working conditions, social classes, lack of mandatory education, poverty, and, most importantly, child labor. The paper investigates the crimes against children carried out under the cover of child labor and poses the question of whether authorities, governments, religious institutions, businesses, and even parents are complicit in these crimes or have chosen to overlook them in spite of the constant backlash against them. The main aim of this study is to show the positive role of some authors like Charles Dickens, William Blake, Frances Trollope, Charles Kingsley, Robert Southey, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Caroline Norton, and Elizabeth Barret Browning who refused to ignore such atrocities and their consequences. These writers showed their opposition to child labor through great literary works such as Oliver Twist, Hard Times, David Copperfield, The Chimney Sweeper, A Voice from the Factory, The Water-Babies: A Fairy Tale for a Land- Baby, and The Cry of the Children. The study follows the close reading method and the sociology of literature approach. The study concludes that poverty and urbanization were some of the adverse outcomes of the Industrial Revolution. It reveals the official’s role in profiting from child labor and presents the authors’ role in changing The Poor Laws and Factory Acts to ban hiring minors. The study recommends national child labor regulations that should be enacted and enforced in order to prevent or at least control child work, as recommendations for further research.
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Yudina, Taisiya. "Sociocultural Perception and Living Conditions of Foreign Citizens in Stalingrad in the 1920s – 1930s". Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, n.º 4 (agosto de 2021): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2021.4.10.
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Introduction. In the late 1920s Stalingrad was undergoing major industrial construction and reconstruction. Due to the shortage of local labor resources, foreign labor resources were required. The study highlights the nationality and number of the labor force, arrival dates and participation in the city’s public life. Methods and materials. The study used sources from the State Archive of Volgograd Oblast. The Research is based on comparative-historical and descriptive-historical methods. Analysis. Housing was the main issue in Stalingrad. Foreign specialists (Americans, Germans, Austrians, Czechs, Swedes) and their families were provided with housing, but living conditions were harsh. Moreover, despite the fact that salary of foreign labors was higher than salary of locals, foreign specialists still considered it insufficient. Providing foreign specialists with better living conditions, special product delivery and essential goods irritated the locals, whose standard of living was low. Results. Construction of buildings for foreign specialists began in the late 1920s. For local workers of such plants as the Stalingradskiy traktornyy zavod (Stalingrad Tractor Plant), the Barrikady (Titan-Barrikady) and the Krasny Oktyabr construction began in 1933. This helped to improve the city’s housing situation and increase the standard of living and the number of citizens. In 1933 Stalingrad became a major industrial center; by the end of the 1930s, it had become a city with a large population, including foreigners who stayed in Stalingrad, provided training for local specialists, adapted to an unfamiliar social life, and mastered the Russian language.
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Vandysheva-Rebro, Nadiya, e Maryna Mishchenko. "ATTITUDE TOWARDS WORK IN UKRAINIAN CULTURE: FROM “CONGENIAL WORK” IN PHILOSOPHY OF G.S. SKOVORODA TO MODERN INTERPRETATIONS". Almanac of Ukrainian Studies, n.º 27 (2020): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2520-2626/2020.27.5.
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The paper deals with the research of the role of labour in the life of contemporary man in terms of the philosophical conception of the "congenial work" of Hrygorij Skovoroda. The reason for turning to Skovoroda's views is the importance of studying the phenomenon of labor, which appears in the XXI century in the sphere of common interests of economics, culturology, philosophy, sociology, psychology. Modern realities – migration processes that move a large number of people from continent to continent, from state to state; new technologies that have been replacing human labor since the industrial revolution, and so on. State social policy is aimed at providing the population with work and supporting those who are temporarily unemployed or completely incapacitated. The challenge for Ukrainian society is the same as for the world community, especially because the events in Ukraine since 2014. Ukrainian society must be ready for innovations in understanding and perceiving the phenomenon of labor in modern conditions. Issues of the balance between work and happiness, the welfare of the individual and the social, and the ways of self-knowledge are being updated. We explore the hard work as the main quality of a socially successful person in the history of Ukrainian culture, negative recovery from laziness and mismanagement. We accent the importance of historical achievements of Ukrainian ethnopedagogy with the transmission of knowledge and experience through imitation, as well as the gender aspect of folk labor education, in particular Ukrainian rituals and traditions of knowledge transfer and education from generation to generation. The modern philosophical view on the correlation of human involvement in work and the formation of a number of human virtues in contrast to laziness and the associated spiritual degradation and poverty is analyzed. Prospects for further research at the junction of economics, sociology, philosophy, psychology, related to the economic set of mind.
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Runstedtler, Theresa. "More Than Just Play: Unmasking Black Child Labor in the Athletic Industrial Complex". Journal of Sport and Social Issues 42, n.º 3 (8 de março de 2018): 152–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193723518758458.
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African Americans’ hypervisibility in sports remains a frequent point of critique. There has been a tendency to blame Black youths for their supposed “sports fixation.” Complicating this narrative of cultural pathology, I examine the foundational importance of Black boys’ athletic labor to the profitability of the sporting industries. I first trace the structural conditions (imperialism, racism, industrial capitalism) that contributed to the hypervisibility of young Black boxers at the turn of the 20th century. I then explore the contemporary conditions driving Black hypervisibility in basketball. Analyzing Hoop Dreams (1994) alongside the aggressive tactics of corporations such as Nike, the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), and the National Basketball Association (NBA) to recruit talent at younger and younger ages, I illustrate that Black boys are performing a kind of child labor. Similar to Black boxers from a century before, Black youths’ focus on achieving success in basketball is not just a simple matter individual “choice.” It is also symptomatic of their continued political, social, and economic marginalization in the postindustrial, neoliberal United States, which sports companies capitalize on.
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Williams, Naomi R. "Sustaining Labor Politics in Hard Times: Race, Labor, and Coalition Building in Racine, Wisconsin". Labor 18, n.º 2 (1 de maio de 2021): 41–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/15476715-8849568.
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Abstract This article explores the shifting politics of the Racine, Wisconsin, working-class community from World War II to the 1980s. It looks at the ways Black workers’ activism influenced local politics and how their efforts played out in the 1970s and 1980s. Case studies show how an expansive view of the boundaries of the Racine labor community led to cross-sector labor solidarity and labor-community coalitions that expanded economic citizenship rights for more working people in the city. The broad-based working-class vision pursued by the Racine labor community influenced local elections, housing and education, increased the number of workers with the power of unions behind them, and improved Racine's economic and social conditions. By the 1980s, Racine's labor community included not only industrial workers but also members of welfare and immigrants’ rights groups, parents of inner-city students, social workers and other white-collar public employees, and local and state politicians willing to support a class-based agenda in the political arena. Worker activists’ ability to maintain and adapt their notion of a broad-based labor community into the late twentieth century shows how this community and others like it responded to the upheaval of the 1960s social movements by creating a broad and relatively successful concept of worker solidarity that also incorporated racial justice.
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Akkerman, Agnes. "Involuntary disputes: When competition for members forces smaller unions to strike". Rationality and Society 26, n.º 4 (7 de outubro de 2014): 446–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043463114546312.
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Industrial relations theory has produced two conflicting hypotheses on the effects of multi-unionism on the incidence of industrial conflict. International comparative research proposes that unions organizing the same worker domains are prone to competition, for which industrial conflict is used as a means of propaganda. British economic research claims that unions organizing substitutable workers cooperate and act as one union. This study argues that apparent cooperation is not always voluntary action but is sometimes the result of a loss of autonomy caused by competition and a lack of mobilization power. Micro-level data on industrial action are used to test hypotheses of the conditions for such involuntary participation in labor disputes.
Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Industrial sociology. Social conditions of labor"
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Gilmour, Alison Julia. "Examining the 'hard-boiled bunch' : work culture and industrial relations at the Linwood car plant, c.1963-1981". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2010. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1830/.
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This thesis investigates the nature of work culture and industrial relations at the Linwood car plant during the period 1963-1981. In Part One, Chapter One provides an overview of the historical debate over the use of oral testimony as well as introducing the methodology employed within the oral history project encompassed within the thesis. Chapter Two provides an analysis of the nature of work at the Linwood car plant and the ways in which this impacted on behaviour and attitudes in the workplace. This is further developed in Chapter Three where the focus is on organisational mischief, and consideration is given to the nature, consequences and explanations for this behaviour. The analysis developed in Part One, focuses on the dominant explanations for problematic industrial relations based on the notion of a ‘clash of work cultures’ due to an absence of intrinsic rewards in automated assembly-line work. Within the thesis such dominant narratives are not entirely supported by the Linwood sample, as a wide variety of attitudes towards work are exhibited, leading the thesis to question the validity of the categories of intrinsic and extrinsic reward. In Part Two of the thesis there is a shift in focus as the analysis concentrates on structures of authority at Linwood and the impact on industrial relations. Chapter Four gives consideration to the influence of historical contingency on management decision-making. Part of the 1976 government rescue package was a Planning Agreement incorporating employee participation in management decision-making that articulated with the Labour government’s manifesto commitment to industrial democracy. Yet throughout the different phases of ownership, interactions between management and workers at the Linwood plant explored in this thesis reveal a dichotomy between the rhetoric and reality of industrial democracy and worker participation. The final chapter of the thesis offers an exploration of shop floor industrial politics, and causes of strikes, to highlight the narratives of tension underpinning interactions at Linwood. The thesis provides a nuanced approach, highlighting variety of experience and importantly a complex interplay of interests shaping work culture and the nature of industrial relations in the car plant.
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McClanahan, Bill. "Capturing Appalachia : visualizing coal, culture, and ecology". Thesis, University of Essex, 2017. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/20823/.
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Capturing Appalachia: Visualizing Coal, Culture and Ecology, draws on extensive ethnographic, archival, and ecographic research conducted across Appalachia between 2014-2016 to develop an empirically informed sociological image of the interactions between culture, geography, and industry. Of particular interest are the ways that extractive cultures in Appalachia are constructed and communicated, and so the project includes archival work researching historical images as well as fieldwork focused on the production of images. Drawing on the traditions of cultural and ‘green’ criminologies, geography, and critical ecotheory, concluding that the cultural, political, and ecological worlds of Appalachia exist in a dialectical relationship with one another, and that at the center of each is an intense cultural relationship with the region’s historic and contemporary capture (cultural, economic, and ecological) by resource extraction. These dialectical relationships are made clear in the visuality of Appalachia, with paradigms frequently challenged by the production of countervisual narratives in productions spanning photography, literature, cinema, and media. The project constitutes the first extensive empirical application of the suggestions of an emergent green-cultural criminology. This research contributes significantly to the existing theoretical literature on extractive cultures through the development and application of the concept of ‘capture’, which is employed in throughout and which constitutes a central concept the project. The concept of ‘regulatory capture’ informs much of the existing sociological literature on harmful industry. Expanding on the concept of ‘capture’, I consider the capture of Appalachian economies by a single industry (economic capture), the capture of cultural production by the dominant industry (cultural capture), the legal capture of material landscapes by industry (ecological capture), the visual-mechanical capture of images of ecology and culture (photographic capture), and finally, the capture of ecology and people by an emerging industry of incarceration (carceral capture).
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Bartley, Timothy William. "Certifying forests and factories: The emergence of private systems for regulating labor and environmental conditions". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280343.
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Private, non-governmental programs for certifying companies as environmentally or socially responsible emerged in the 1990s in response to problems of sweatshops in the global apparel industry and deforestation in the forest products industry. The similarity between certification programs in each field is striking but has received little attention to date. Neither pure self-regulation nor traditional public regulation, certification programs embody a type of "private regulation by information." Why did this same regulatory form emerge in these two very different fields? Theories focusing on consumer demand, the globalization of production, threats of state intervention, and cultural diffusion all fall short of explaining the emergence of certification systems in both the apparel and forest products fields. This dissertation develops an integrated institutional approach to the emergence of certification systems, focusing on three dimensions of institutional emergence--political, organizational, and cultural. This approach calls for careful attention to historical process, macro-meso linkages, institutional embeddedness, and the dynamics of political contestation--with particular emphasis on the place of social movements in organizational fields. The project uses a comparative case study methodology, drawing on data from 37 in-depth interviews with individuals involved in the creation of certification programs, comprehensive content-coding of four trade journals from 1987-2000, and some archival and secondary materials. An analysis of the political processes through which certification associations initially emerged reveals two important factors--social movement campaigns that targeted companies and a neo-liberal institutional context. These led states, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and some companies to build or support private certification programs, and foreclosed some other options. An analysis of organizational founding shows how dynamics of innovation and challenge produced multiple certification programs competing for legitimacy in each field. The cultural aspect of institutional emergence is captured through an analysis of how the meanings of certification and monitoring changed over time in the industry discourse, as these practices got theorized and re-framed by a variety of actors. By utilizing an integrated institutional approach, this research illuminates the interactions of macro-level changes (like globalization) and the concrete actors (institutional entrepreneurs) that produced certification initiatives.
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Seskin, Jill Sharon 1964. "Production and reproduction of Wal-Mart workers: A study of spatial, social and economic relations". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291964.
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This thesis examines the productive and reproductive experiences of discount department store workers. More specifically, I investigate how female and male Wal-Mart employees reproduce and resist their spatial, social and economic relations, both inside their paid workplace, and outside, in their homes and community. I examine the history of discount department stores and workers; the role of place in influencing workers' experiences; the spatial, social and economic divisions of labor in the paid workplace, home and community; and specific acts of reproduction and resistance on the part of my co-workers. I used covert participant observation and informal interviews in order to learn about Wal-Mart workers paid and unpaid work experiences. I was employed for eight months as a part-time salesclerk by Wal-Mart. This enabled me to observe the various spatial, social and economic relations at work within the store, and it allowed me to hear about my co-workers' experiences outside the paid workplace, in the course of everyday conversations.
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Edisis, Adrienne T. "Policy and Job Quality| The Effects of State Unemployment Insurance Taxes and Workers' Compensation Insurance on Temporary Help Services Employment Concentration". Thesis, The George Washington University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3685800.
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A state and year fixed effects model is developed to analyze the influence of state unemployment insurance taxes and state workers' compensation costs on temporary help services employment concentration. Using state level panel data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics' Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, state unemployment insurance tax factors are found to have significant effects on temporary help services employment concentration. Workers' compensation costs had a significant effect on temporary help services employment concentration during the Great Recession, but not before. Because temporary help services jobs represent low quality jobs relative to traditional direct-hire jobs, state unemployment insurance taxes, through their impact on temporary help services employment concentration, contribute to a decrease in job quality. The results of the analysis suggest that the effects of policy factors on job quality merit further analysis.
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Smith-Doerr, Laurel. "Career paths in the life sciences: Processes and outcomes of organizational change". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282886.
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This project examines how changing organizational arrangements in a technological field affect individual level outcomes and processes of career formation. In the field of the life sciences, the biotechnology industry has emerged as an employment option with a fundamentally different organizational form. Three main research questions are addressed concerning the changing organizational setting of life science careers: (1) How are traditional stratification of science patterns affected by the option of employment in network rather than hierarchical, organizations? (2) Who enters a new, sought after, employment arena first? and (3) How does a new career path become legitimate? The data collected for this project are both quantitative and qualitative. The quantitative data were gathered from National Institutes of Health archives. Logistic regression analyses were performed on the sample of 3395 PhDs to estimate dichotomous career outcomes. The qualitative data come from interviews and ethnographic observations with scientists in a variety of settings--university laboratories, commercial firms, and government institutes. While traditional patterns of stratification in science--educational background and gender--were found to have effects in this sample as well, organizational context is very important to understanding how stratification may be mitigated. Gender inequality in the attainment of leadership level positions was consistently found in more hierarchical organizational settings, but did not appear in network organizations (biotechnology firms). In contrast, educational background had significant effects across all types of organizational forms. PhDs with elite educations were more likely to enter biotechnology both in earlier and later periods of industry history. Male and female PhDs were equally likely to enter the biotechnology industry, and this result also did not vary by time period. The common frames used by scientists in biotech and other science-based organizations to legitimate biotechnology work include: resources (scientific as well as monetary), networks (ties to respected scientists who endorse biotech), and analogies to academe. Biotechnology employment is retroframed as similar to yet different from academic work---indicating some interesting frame tension. This study has implications for scholarship particularly in the areas of organization theory, sociology of science, and gender and work.
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Gates, Leslie C. "Why Mexican unions lost power: Globalization, intra-elite conflict and shifting state alliances". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/279780.
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This study explains why, beginning in 1976 and continuing into the 1980s, unions lost power in Mexico. The recent loss of power in Mexico is consistent with a worldwide convergence towards declining union power. Few would dispute that declining union power is related to globalization. But how does globalization affect union power? This study demonstrates that the prevailing approach to globalization and union power, the market pressures approach, cannot explain why labor unions lost power in Mexico. This suggests that in countries, such as Mexico, where unions rely on political support rather than organizational resources to attain power, increased exposure to market pressures may not explain declining union power. Only unions in advanced industrial societies enjoy the market conditions that make it possible to gain power via their organizational resources. I propose that, in countries where organized labor derives its power from its relationship to the state, globalization affects union power via the domestic instantiations of globalization. The way that global economic shocks and the interests of foreign investors shape the interests of domestic economic elite constitute the domestic instantiations of globalization. My approach builds on the International Political Economy research tradition. This study shows that labor lost power in Mexico for two nested reasons. First, labor lost power because it lost access to decision-making in the state. Second, labor lost access to decision-making because global economic crisis and new foreign investment strategies created a new internationalist elite oriented towards foreign credit and global markets. Disillusioned with the existing political leadership and their "national" economic project, the internationalist elite promoted the rise to power of new political leaders that favored neoliberal economic reforms. Bureaucrats, allied with the internationalists, undermined labor along with other advocates of the "national" project, as part of a struggle for power. This study delineates the aspect of the state-labor alliance in Mexico that granted labor unions power historically and reveals the importance of globalization in determining labor's recent fate in Mexico. It contributes a new model of globalization and union power, raising questions about how sociologists conceptualize globalization and state-society relations more generally.
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Jones, Daniel Lee. "Organizing risky business: The social construction and organization of life insurance, 1810 to 1980". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/298751.
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The "New Institutionalism" (DiMaggio and Powell 1991) posits a Theory of Practical Action as the basis for persisting social arrangements in economic life. In this project, I use this perspective to explain the social construction and organization of the life insurance industries of New York and Arizona. I develop an institutionalized-strategies explanation of industry organization. Research by Dobbin (1994b) showed the influence of embedded "institutional logics" in shaping rational responses to the economic business of railroads in Britain, France, and the United States. I combine Dobbin's argument with recent research on the development of state-level economic policies in the United States. Leicht and Jenkins (1994) identified three distinct "strategies" employed by states in implementing economic policies, and they imply that the strategies differ mainly in their "assumptions about the nature of economic growth and the role of the state" in economic development (1994:257). 1 argue that these findings suggest that states adopt a particular strategy--a set of similar Policy tools ("tactics") for specific policy targets. Applied to the insurance industries of New York and Arizona, an institutionalized-strategies view proposes that variation in state insurance laws reflects the meanings lawmakers associate with the economic enterprise of "life insurance." Different public conceptions of life insurance as a business led to different meanings for policymakers, and these meanings defined what tactics of control are legitimate and appropriate. These meanings derived from the economic and cultural legacy in the state--cultural heritage and economic history gave meaning to images of life insurance as a business enterprise. The legitimate, rational actions (tactics) of policymakers followed from the cultural legacy of the two states, and they constituted overall strategies directed at controlling life insurance companies. The sociocultural and historical embeddedness of meanings associated with the business of life insurance makes the lines of action rational in the minds of policymakers. In addition to showing how this process operated in the two states, I document the outcomes of such organizing activity--different rates of organizational dynamics and industry trajectories as reflected in rates of foundings, entries, and failures of life insurance companies.
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Snyderman, Ellen Ruth 1961. "The social organization of managerial definitions of unethical behavior". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277860.
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This investigation attempted to ascertain whether managerial perceptions of potentially unethical business conduct, and recommendations for social control, vary according to the social characteristics of the employee committing the behavior. Subjects consisted of management personnel from a variety of industries. Data was gathered via instruments developed for this research. Instruments consisted of (1) a description of an employee; (2) a description of a potentially unethical behavior committed by the employee; and (3) scales for subjects to (a) rate the seriousness of the employee's behavior and (b) recommend the social control they would use against the employee. Perceptions of seriousness did vary significantly with variations in the employee's social characteristics. However, recommendations for social control did not vary with changes in employee characteristics. Thus, whereas observers may judge the ethicality of socially decontextualized behaviors against universally held standards of morality, observers become less adamant about these standards as the behavior becomes more contextualized.
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Onunaku, Uzoaku Ijeoma. "Limitations and stipulations| Unequal pay for equal work for women in the U.S". Thesis, Bowie State University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1585555.
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Gregory (2003) demonstrated that for the past thirty-five years small steps of progress have been made towards women's equality. However, he stated that sex discrimination is still blatant, subtle and covert and it continues to plague working women. He continued to argue that nearly all the population of women in the U.S. encounter obstacles in job advancement, whether the obstacles are glass or cement ceilings or ordinary brick walls. (p.5). The researcher will attempt to elaborate on disparate treatment women have endured for generations. With the current pay scale between women and men, women receive 23 cents less than their male colleagues out of every dollar earned. Because this system exist, it impedes a woman's holistic growth and functionality. For example, there are some women who are trapped in abusive relationships but cannot leave because they lack adequate financial resources.
Gregory (2003) pointed out that employer retaliation comes in various forms, although employers tend to favor discharge over other options. (p.162). He also stated that other forms of retaliation employers use to punish their employees for having engaged in protected activities include denials of promotion and demotions (p.163). The fear of retaliation prevents a woman from reporting the perpetrator. In addition, some of the political realm is working night and day against the improvement and progress of the women's population. With the above argument made about the disparate treatments towards women, the researcher will apply the qualitative method in this thesis to breakdown problems women face. Plus, the researcher makes suggestions how the nation can be involved in resolving and eliminating these issues, individually and collectively, to moving women's rights and progress forward and permanently.
Livros sobre o assunto "Industrial sociology. Social conditions of labor"
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N, Karpukhin D., ed. Effektivnost' truda v usloviyakh novogo khozyaĭstvennogo mekhanizma. Moskva: Nauka, 1992.
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I, Molchanov A., e Belgorodskiĭ gosudarstvennyĭ universitet. Kafedra menedzhmenta organizat︠s︡ii., eds. Chelovek, obshchestvo, upravlenie: Sbornik nauchnykh trudov. Belgorod: Politerra, 2005.
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I, Kravchenko A., Atoi͡a︡n G. V e Institut sot͡s︡iologii (Rossiĭskai͡a︡ akademii͡a︡ nauk), eds. Antologii͡a︡ sot͡s︡ialʹno-ėkonomicheskoĭ mysli v Rossii 20-30-e gody XX veka. Moskva: Izd-vo "Academia", 2001.
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A, Golubnit͡skiĭ I͡U. Rabochiĭ klass i tekhnicheskiĭ progress: Issledovanie izmeneniĭ v sot︠s︡ialʹnoĭ strukture rabochego klassa. Moskva: Veche, 2012.
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Sechko, N. N. (Natalʹi︠a︡ Nikolaevna) e Taranova, E. V. (Elena Valerʹevna), eds. Transformat︠s︡ionnye prot︠s︡essy v Belarusi i Rossii: Sot︠s︡ialʹnyĭ aspekt. Minsk: Belaruskai︠a︡ navuka, 2009.
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Didry, Claude. Le moment Delors: Les syndicats au coeur de l'Europe sociale. Bruxelles: PIE-Peter Lang, 2005.
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Institut ėkonomiki (Rossiĭskai︠a︡ akademii︠a︡ nauk), ed. Sot︠s︡ialʹnai︠a︡ zashchita naselenii︠a︡ Rossii: Problemy i reshenii︠a︡ 2000-kh godov. Moskva: In-tut ėkonomiki RAN, 2008.
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N, Sokolova G., ed. Intellektualʹnye resursy belorusskogo obshchestva: Sot︠s︡iologicheskiĭ analiz. Minsk: Pravo i ėkonomika, 2007.
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1954-, Beukema Lena Margaretha, e Carrillo V. Jorge, eds. Globalism/localism at work. Amsterdam: Elsevier JAI, 2004.
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Watkins, Peter. Class, the labour process and work: Focus on education. Geelong, Vic: Deakin University, 1992.
Encontre o texto completo da fonteCapítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Industrial sociology. Social conditions of labor"
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Kosaikanont, Romyen. "Chinese Capital Going Global: Thai-Chinese Industrial Zone and Labor Conditions in Thailand". In The Sociology of Chinese Capitalism in Southeast Asia, 169–94. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0065-3_8.
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Causarano, Pietro. "La sociologia francese tra fordismo e società postindustriale: Georges Friedmann, Pierre Naville e Alain Touraine". In Idee di lavoro e di ozio per la nostra civiltà, 903–12. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0319-7.104.
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The subject at work, in different forms and modalities, is at the center of attention of these three scholars. Labor relations constitute the fulcrum in which the condition and action of workers and their social movements are located. The way these three authors approached the theme of work, the crucial nature and urgency of the questions that had emerged in the transformations of industrial society in the 1900s, the questions that were posed about man, work and technology, the problematic responses that they tried to give starting after the Second World War, ensure that some of their intuitions - even if they remained closely linked to industrial machinism and mechanical automation of the last century - in reality can still speak to today and to the various forms of digital automation of the work.
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Zabludovsky, Gina. "The Expansion of Sociology in Mexico (1959–1980)". In Sociology in Mexico, 47–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-42089-4_4.
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AbstractAt the end of the 1950s, Mexico faced unfavorable economic conditions, and the protest of different labor movements, which aroused a new concern for social inequality in the country. In 1968, the violent governmental reaction to the student movement changed the vision of a peaceful progress according to the so-called “Mexican Miracle.” Under the new social circumstances and the expectations generated by the outbreak of the Cuban Revolution, the decade of the 1970s was characterized by the eruption of Marxism in the universities. Due to the rise of authoritarianism and the growth of military regimes in Latin America, many South American intellectuals arrived at Mexico as professors in the social science departments. Sociology experienced a process of expansion both in student enrollment and in the founding of journals and new academic institutions. The chapter analyses these transformations together with the changes to the sociology curricula, in the main journals, and publications, in the studies undertaken by Mexican sociologists, as well as the contributions from foreign authors that had an important impact in Mexican social science.
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Balleer, Almut, Wiebke Hagedorn, Berfin Bayram, Kathrin Greiff e Alexander Gramlich. "Labor Market Aspects of Transformation: The Case of Different R-Concepts of the Circular Economy". In Transformation Towards Sustainability, 143–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-54700-3_6.
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AbstractSustainability transformation is a multi-dimensional and comprehensive approach covering various aspects, environmental, economic, and social, and transformation itself. To give direction to sustainability action, sustainable development goals (SDGs) play an essential role. Even though SDGs are comprehensive and give orientation for sustainability actions, they neither cover the solutions to be implemented nor quantify the transformation. In this regard, circular economy (CE) is a useful approach when it comes to finding possible solutions. Within the context of CE, life cycle thinking plays an essential role, and tools, such as environmental life cycle assessment (LCA), life cycle costing (LCC), and social LCA (sLCA), are widely used. Another important aspect that should be considered within CE is the labor market effects. The labor market will strongly be shaped by CE and the implementation of CE depends on labor market conditions. Yet, means to meaningfully measure the labor market needs and impact of CE are still missing. This chapter takes a closer look into how labor market assessment and life cycle thinking can be combined in order to implement sustainable industrial transformation.
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Kern, Horst, e Michael Schumann. "New Concepts of Production and the Emergence of the Systems Controller". In Technology and the Future of Work, 111–48. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195071719.003.0005.
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Abstract Lies have short wings, at least in the social sciences. Predictions are often contradicted by the subsequent course of social development. In 1984, with our book The End of the Division of Labor?, we presented an attempt at a prediction based on industrial sociology. At that time, we interpreted the situation of West German industry as one of radical transformation in which new approaches toward automation were being invented and implemented in a growing number of factories. We viewed this process as a fundamental change in the structure of industrial work, as a redistribution of living conditions in society, and as a challenge for politics. We forecast that new “concepts of production” were just around the corner.
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Scott, Allen J. "Geography and the Division of Labour". In Geography and Economy. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199284306.003.0005.
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The concept of the division of labour in production has a long genealogy stretching back to the seventeenth century and before, and it recurs repeatedly in the writings of economists and other social theorists down to the present time. In economics, the concept plays a major role in studies of industrial organization, productivity, and trade. In sociology, it has been of major significance as the linchpin of the distinction Wrst proposed by Durkheim (1893) between mechanical and organic solidarity in society. More recently, sociologists have also made considerable use of the concept in studies of the ways in which the division of labour is intertwined with phenomena like race, class, and gender (e.g. Mies 1998; Waldinger and Bozorgmehr 1996). Over the last couple of decades, geographers, too, have made numerous forays into questions of the division of labour and much research has been accomplished on how it ramifies with various kinds of spatial and locational outcomes (Massey 1984; Sayer and Walker 1992). In brief, the concept is of much importance in a wide range of investigations of social structure and dynamics, and it appears to be enjoying something of a renaissance at the present time as social scientists discover or rediscover how profoundly it ramifies with all aspects of modern life. For geographers, the division of labour has special interest and meaning because, in its role as a mechanism of economic and social differentiation, it is also a fundamental factor in moulding the economic landscape. A peasant society with only weakly developed divisions of labour is not likely to evince much in the way of spatial differentiation except as a function of dissimilarities from place to place in agricultural potentials (themselves related to such variables as soil, climate, and topography). By contrast, economically advanced societies with deep and wide divisions of labour, as in the case of the United States today, exhibit enormous degrees of spatial variation. With the passage of time, moreover, less and less of this variation seems to bear any relationship whatever to underlying conditions of physical geography.
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"Analytical Report on China’s Industrial Labor Force in 2017". In Analysis and Forecast of China’s Social Conditions (2018), 364–85. BRILL, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004500723_018.
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Oakley, Ann. "Work Conditions". In The Sociology of Housework, 74–93. Policy Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447346166.003.0005.
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This chapter examines the role of the structure and content of work in the case of the housewife. Answers given by the forty women in the sample to questions about work tasks suggest that certain characteristics of housework may be more or less uniformly experienced as dissatisfying while others are potentially rewarding. A look at the social class dimension also indicates that there is a considerable area of shared response to housework which may reflect on the nature of the work itself, and the conditions under which it is done. Hence it would seem both helpful and important to examine a number of aspects of work that industrial sociology has highlighted as critical in the explanation of job satisfaction. These are the experiences of monotony, fragmentation, and excessive pace in work and social interaction patterns. Two other dimensions of work looked at in this chapter include working hours and the technical environment.
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Paramonova, Svetlana Pavlovna. "Mobility of workers of the industrial region in the labor field". In Sociology and Society: Traditions and Innovations in the Social Development of Regions, 4139–41. Russian Society Of Sociologists of FCTAS RAS, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/kongress.2020.488.
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Mukhanova, Maria N. "Socio-structural changes in the russian labor market of agro-industrial complex". In Sociology and Society: Traditions and Innovations in the Social Development of Regions, 2224–31. Russian Society Of Sociologists of FCTAS RAS, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/kongress.2020.266.
Texto completo da fonteTrabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Industrial sociology. Social conditions of labor"
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Siryy, Evgen. "Exclusive factors and resource opportunities of youth in professional self-fulfillment (taking into account the social challenges of the war in Ukraine)". In Sociology – Social Work and Social Welfare: Regulation of Social Problems. Видавець ФОП Марченко Т.В., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/sosrsw2023.096.
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Background.In the conditions of the deepening of the transformational processes in Ukraine, many youth problems have also become more acute. Here, one of the problems of the social formation of youth is highlighted – its prospects for economic employment and professional development from the perspective of access to socio-economic resources, which are decisive in the professional employment of young people, their professional self-realization and competitiveness in the labor market. Purpose. The study of the social formation of youth actualizes and requires the analysis of such problems, especially with the emergence of social challenges of the war and genocide against Ukraine. Methods. The article uses general scientific methods of generalization, the descriptive method, analytical analysis and induction, the sociological method of collecting social information – interviews, which integrally allow to supplement the scientific description of individual situations of social inequality in the aspect of the problem of access to social resources in the social formation of youth. Results. The author singles out and describes in several groups of factors such problems of the social formation of youth in terms of their prospects for economic employment and professional development, such as: access to quality education, resources for professional self-realization, problems of employment, entrepreneurial development and self-employment, which more or less comprehensively reflect the directions of generation obstacles to the professional involvement of young people at the present time in the field of employment and self-employment. Conclusion. It is emphasized that the possibility of full access (use) of relevant resource institutional opportunities shapes the nature of the relationship between the government and society, levels the growth of social-status differentiation, which contributes to the deepening of the social stratification of the population, a decrease in the economic level of youth activit and athe. Keywords: labor market, access to public resources, employment, professional self-realization, educational resources, employment resources, entrepreneurship, exclusion
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Novikova, O. F. "FORMATION OF THE POLICY OF STABILITY (RESILIENCE) OF THE SOCIAL AND LABOR SPHERE OF UKRAINE IN THE CONDITIONS OF MARTIAL LAW AND POST-WAR RECOVERY". In HISTORY, POLITICAL SCIENCE, PHILOSOPHY, AND SOCIOLOGY: DEVELOPMENT TRENDS IN THE 21ST CENTURY. Izdevnieciba “Baltija Publishing”, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-343-9-13.
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Yurjeva, A. S., e Ya A. Korneeva. "Mental regulators of shift employees in diamond mining in the far north". In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL ONLINE CONFERENCE. Знание-М, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.38006/907345-50-8.2020.740.755.
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The article presents an analysis of mental regulators of fly-in-fly-out personnel in diamond mining in the Far North. The study involved 70 fly-in-fly-out workers operating in the diamond mining in Far North. In our study, we relied on the concept of E. A. Klimov, who distinguished three groups of mental regulators of labor: representation of labor object, representation of labor subject, subject-object and subject-subject relations. Research methods are psychophysiological and psychological testing aimed at the diagnosis of mental regulators of labor, as well as questionnaires and projective methods for a qualitative study of mental regulators of labor. We have developed a questionnaire, which included such parameters as the assessment of comfort/discomfort of climatic and geographical, industrial and social conditions; assessment of the degree of danger of various professional situations that may arise during a fly-in; self-assessment of oneself as a professional, one’s professional skills, knowledge and adherence to safety precautions, personal qualities, job satisfaction, “price” of activity. We also developed a method of unfinished sentences. We conducted a content analysis of the results of the method of unfinished sentences, where we identified categories and subcategories related to the representation of labor object, representation of labor subject, subject-object and subject-subject relations. Statistical processing was carried out using multidimensional methods. As a result of the study, the peculiarities of the mental regulators of labor of fly-in-fly-out workers in diamond mining were identified, which must be taken into account when developing more targeted programs for supporting fly-in-fly-out work and selecting personnel in mining companies.
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Suleymanov, Mahammad. "Natural conditions and economic factors affecting the territorial organization of food industry enterprises in Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic". In The 3rd International Scientific Conference "Development through Research and Innovation". Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/dri2022.03.
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In the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, the Gross Domestic Product indicator for 2021 has exceeded 3 billion manats, where the highest indicator is related to industrial production with 35%. The development of the industry, which has a large share in the Gross Domestic Product, depends on the efficient and correct organization of industrial areas on the territory, and this plays an important role in the development of the national economy and in ensuring social protection. The correct and efficient location of industrial production ensures the efficient use of natural resources, improvement of the employment level of the population, increase of labor productivity and production efficiency based on economical use of economic resources, optimal socio-economic development of economic regions. The location of the industrial enterprise affects the development of transportation, communication and other areas in the region, the supply of energy and raw materials for production, the complexity of interregional and intersectoral relations, and the increasing importance of environmental protection. As a result of all this, effective placement on the territory plays a positive role in the development of both the society and the country in a certain sense.
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Mercader-Trejo, Flora. "Practice In The Industry as a Mean of Social Integration of Metrologists". In NCSL International Workshop & Symposium. NCSL International, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2015.16.
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Polytechnic University of Santa Rosa Jáuregui (UPSRJ) is a Mexican public institution where a new generation of metrologists is finishing the second year of studies leading to a bachelor degree as Industrial Metrology Engineers. The curriculum of the undergraduate program is based on the development of skills and to achieve this goal, the curriculum aims to develop two halftime stays at the end of the first and second year of study. Finally, the students complete their studies by a 600 hours full time third stay in the productive sector. The objective of practices is that students apply the skills acquired in school integrating theory and practice by case-based learning. The stay is performed under real-life conditions inside a company or in a research center or within a testing and calibration laboratory. The condition is that students develop short projects related to what they learned in college in the field of metrology and quality. During each stay, a university professor and a technical advisor belonging to the company guide the student. The professor will conduct the evaluation of the stay jointly by his counterpart in the company taking into account performance criteria previously defined. As part of the evidence of this process, the student will submit a report of the project results. This paper is a reflection of the results obtained through the experience of the students after the end of the second period of practical in-company. This practice ensures skilled metrologists with real-life training, but also facilitates the young people's transition into the labor market. This training strategy is a way to facilitate the social integration of the new generation in the workplace.
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Islam, Mazharul, M. Ruhul Amin e A. K. M. Sadrul Islam. "Renewable Energy Powered Rural Community Development Centres in the Developing Countries". In ASME 2006 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2006-88085.
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People in the developing countries who lack basic services and economic opportunities are primarily concerned with improving their living conditions. At present, unemployment problem in the rural areas of the developing countries are diversifying the moral values and social responsibilities of unemployed youth. To solve the problem, rural development centres (involving vocational training, IT services and other productive activities) can contribute significantly for the upliftment of these rural youths and can transform them into grass-root entrepreneurs. One critical factor hindering the establishment of such rural development centers is access to affordable and reliable energy services. Under this backdrop, environmentally benign renewable energy systems can contribute significantly in providing much needed energy in the unserved or underserved rural development centers in the developing countries to achieve both local and global environmental benefits. The paper demonstrates that energy deficient, economically backward communities in the off-grid areas of the developing countries, can be given an array of opportunities for income generation and social progress through rural development centers with the aid of renewable energy sources (such as wind, solar photovoltaics, solar thermal, biomass and micro-hydro), thereby improving their standard of living. Poverty alleviation in rural areas can be accomplished and the critical role of access to adequate level of energy services, Information Technology (IT) and modern communication facilities in it demonstrated. Furthermore, the production, implementation, operation and maintenance of renewable energy applications being labor-intensive, will also result in job growth in the village context, preventing migration of labor force, especially of young men, from rural areas to overcrowded industrial areas. An appropriately designed renewable energy systems can also have a significant role in reducing the impact of climate change through non production of green house gases.
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Макарова, Л. С. "Creating favorable investment climate in Stupino urban district". In II Международная научно-практическая конференция «УСТОЙЧИВОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ ОБЩЕСТВА: НОВЫЕ НАУЧНЫЕ ПОДХОДЫ И ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ». Crossref, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.26118/2059.2024.63.79.006.
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В статье анализируются вопросы формирования благоприятного инвестиционного климата на территории городского округа Ступино. Рассматриваются факторы инвестиционного развития данной территории, а именно, географическое положение, логистическая доступность, трудовые ресурсы, финансовые факторы, производственно-инновационные факторы, качество взаимодействия с властными структурами и самого управления рассматриваемого городского округа. В статье также проводится анализ развития инвестиционных проектов на территории городского округа Ступино. Особое внимание уделяется анализу уникальной особой экономической зоны Ступино Квадрат, которая вот уже 25 лет предоставляет комфортные условия для размещения инвестиционных предприятий (налоговые и таможенные льготы, гарантия от внеплановых проверок государственных органов, гарантия от неблагоприятных изменений в законодательстве). Это территория с развитой промышленной и социальной инфраструктурой, наделённая особым юридическим статусом. The article analyzes the issues of creating a favorable investment climate in the territory of the Stupino urban district. Factors of investment development are considered: geographical location, labor resources, financial factors, production factors, quality of management. The article also analyzes the development of investment projects in the Stupino urban district. The article analyzes the issues of creating a favorable investment climate in the territory of the Stupino urban district. The factors of investment development of this territory are considered: geographical location, logistics accessibility, labor resources, financial factors, production and innovation factors, interaction with authorities and Stupino management. The article also analyzes the development of investment projects in the Stupino urban district. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the unique special economic zone Stupino Kvadrat, which for 25 years has provided comfortable conditions for locating investment enterprises (tax and customs benefits, guarantee against unscheduled inspections by government bodies, guarantee against unfavorable changes in legislation). This is a territory with a developed industrial and social infrastructure, endowed with a special legal status.
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Chernikova, E. F., I. V. Fedotova e M. M. Nekrasova. "ASSESSMENT OF THE RISK OF OCCUPATIONAL PATHOLOGY IN WORKERS OF NOISE-HAZARDOUS PROFESSIONS OF METALLURGICAL PRODUCTION". In The 16th «OCCUPATION and HEALTH» Russian National Congress with International Participation (OHRNC-2021). FSBSI “IRIOH”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/978-5-6042929-2-1-2021-1-570-574.
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Abstract: Working conditions at metallurgical enterprises are characterized by the impact of a complex of harmful production factors that do not correspond to the normalized levels, which causes the risk of developing professional and professionally conditioned pathology. Trained workers who are exposed for a long time to industrial noise that exceeds the permissible values by 10 dB or more are considered as a risk group for the development of aural (sensorineural hearing loss, SHT) and extraaural (high blood pressure, HBP) pathology. Hearing loss is an important medical and social problem, as it turns into a cognitive dissonance and a violation of verbal communication for the employee. Working conditions at one of the modern metallurgical plants were evaluated according to the data of sanitary and hygienic characteristics of working conditions. The study of the prevalence of SHT and HBP was carried out based on the materials of a medical examination and a questionnaire survey of workers (n=73, male, aged 36-75 years (57.32±0.89), with work experience of 8-58 years (34.29±1.16)). To assess the joint influence of age and seniority, an original scoring system was used, which allowed us to distinguish 3 observation groups. The severity of SHT and HBP was also assessed in points. The study showed a significant increase in the prevalence and severity of hearing loss and HBP with an increase in the duration of exposure and the age of employees. The presence of a close relationship between the analyzed pathology and working conditions is illustrated by the value of the odds ratio in groups 1-3 (ORSHT = 3.75-4.71; ORHBP = 2.0-5.0). Thus, the studied professional group of trained qualified metallurgists needs to develop health-improving measures to preserve labor longevity.
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Moshkov, A. V. "ОЦЕНКА СТРУКТУРНЫХ РАЗЛИЧИЙ ОСНОВНЫХ ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫХ ЦЕНТРОВ ДАЛЬНЕВОСТОЧНОГО ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОГО ОКРУГА". In Geosistemy vostochnyh raionov Rossii: osobennosti ih struktur i prostranstvennogo razvitiia. ИП Мироманова Ирина Витальевна, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33833/tig.2019.75.85.002.
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Изучение структурных изменений в промышленных центрах предполагает анализ её состава и выявление взаимосвязей между элементами структуры. Особенно важно изучение региональных особенностей формирования и развития территориальноотраслевой структуры промышленных центров, которые происходят под влиянием совокупности экономикогеографических и социальноэкономических факторов. Необходимо изучить основные факторы и свойства формирования структуры промышленных центров, механизмы процессов включения новых производств в существующие структуры промышленных центров на Дальнем Востоке России. Используемая в хозяйственном обороте территория Дальнего Востока объективно располагает динамичной совокупностью факторов, которые оказывают более или менее благоприятное воздействие на формирование структуры промышленных центров (природные условия и ресурсы, экономикогеографическое положение, трудовые ресурсы, топливноэнергетические ресурсы и др.). Реализация такой совокупности наиболее благоприятных факторов приводит к формированию в структуре промышленных центров различных видов экономической деятельности (добывающие, обрабатывающие, производство и распределение электроэнергии, строительство, объекты производственной инфраструктуры и др.). Органы государственной власти могут успешно применять налоговые льготы и преференции, например, для создания территорий опережающего развития, что стимулирует процессы включения новых производств в структуру промышленных центров и обновление производственного потенциала существующих предприятий. Такое регулирование процесса структурной трансформации территориальнопроизводственных систем со стороны федеральных и региональных органов власти может существенно повысить эффективность производственного потенциала не только отдельных предприятий, но и целых регионов. Целью подобных изменений является повышение уровня жизни населения в регионах за счет роста эффективности производства, развития производственной и социальной инфраструктуры, создания благоприятных условий жизнедеятельности в Дальневосточном регионе. В работе рассматриваются структурные различия основных промышленных центров Дальневосточного федерального округа Российской Федерации. Приводятся расчеты обобщенной характеристики различий в структуре промышленности (добыча полезных ископаемых, обрабатывающие производства и производство и распределение электроэнергии, газа и воды) крупных городов с помощью индекса В. Рябцева. Отмечена прямая зависимость между уровнем развития обрабатывающих производств и доходами населения в крупных городах. The studies of structural changes in industrial centers involve the analysis of its composition and identification of relationships between the elements of the structure. It is especially important to study the regional features of the formation and development of the territorial and sectoral structure of industrial centers, which occur under the influence of a set of economicgeographical and socioeconomic factors. It is necessary to study the main factors and properties of the formation of the structure of industrial centers, the mechanisms of the processes of inclusion of new industries in the existing structures of industrial centers in the Russian Far East. The territory of the Far East used in economic turnover has a dynamic set of factors that have a more or less favorable impact on the formation of the structure of industrial centers (natural conditions and resources, an economic geographical position, labor resources, fuel and energy resources, and others). Realization of such a set of the most favorable factors leads to the formation of various types of economic activity (mining, processing, production and distribution of electricity, construction, an industrial infrastructure, and others) in the structure of industrial centers. Public authorities can apply tax benefits and preferences successfully, for example, in order to create the territories of advanced development that stimulates the processes of inclusion of new industries in the structure of industrial centers and the renewal of the production potential of existing enterprises. Such regulation of the process of structural transformation of the territorial production systems by the Federal and regional authorities can improve significantly efficiency of the production potential of both separate enterprises and entire regions. The purpose of such changes is to improve the living standards of the population in the regions by increasing the efficiency of production, development of production and a social infrastructure, creating the living conditions in the Far East. The paper deals with the structural differences between the main industrial centers of the Far Eastern Federal district of the Russian Federation. The calculations of the generalized characteristics of differences in the structure of industry (mining, processing industries and production and distribution of electricity, gas, and water) of large cities are assumed using V. Ryabtsev index, A direct relationship between the level of development of processing industries and incomes in large cities is revealed.
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Moshkov, A. V. "ОЦЕНКА СТРУКТУРНЫХ РАЗЛИЧИЙ ОСНОВНЫХ ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫХ ЦЕНТРОВ ДАЛЬНЕВОСТОЧНОГО ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОГО ОКРУГА". In Geosistemy vostochnyh raionov Rossii: osobennosti ih struktur i prostranstvennogo razvitiia. ИП Мироманова Ирина Витальевна, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35735/tig.2019.75.85.002.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Изучение структурных изменений в промышленных центрах предполагает анализ её состава и выявление взаимосвязей между элементами структуры. Особенно важно изучение региональных особенностей формирования и развития территориальноотраслевой структуры промышленных центров, которые происходят под влиянием совокупности экономикогеографических и социальноэкономических факторов. Необходимо изучить основные факторы и свойства формирования структуры промышленных центров, механизмы процессов включения новых производств в существующие структуры промышленных центров на Дальнем Востоке России. Используемая в хозяйственном обороте территория Дальнего Востока объективно располагает динамичной совокупностью факторов, которые оказывают более или менее благоприятное воздействие на формирование структуры промышленных центров (природные условия и ресурсы, экономикогеографическое положение, трудовые ресурсы, топливноэнергетические ресурсы и др.). Реализация такой совокупности наиболее благоприятных факторов приводит к формированию в структуре промышленных центров различных видов экономической деятельности (добывающие, обрабатывающие, производство и распределение электроэнергии, строительство, объекты производственной инфраструктуры и др.). Органы государственной власти могут успешно применять налоговые льготы и преференции, например, для создания территорий опережающего развития, что стимулирует процессы включения новых производств в структуру промышленных центров и обновление производственного потенциала существующих предприятий. Такое регулирование процесса структурной трансформации территориальнопроизводственных систем со стороны федеральных и региональных органов власти может существенно повысить эффективность производственного потенциала не только отдельных предприятий, но и целых регионов. Целью подобных изменений является повышение уровня жизни населения в регионах за счет роста эффективности производства, развития производственной и социальной инфраструктуры, создания благоприятных условий жизнедеятельности в Дальневосточном регионе. В работе рассматриваются структурные различия основных промышленных центров Дальневосточного федерального округа Российской Федерации. Приводятся расчеты обобщенной характеристики различий в структуре промышленности (добыча полезных ископаемых, обрабатывающие производства и производство и распределение электроэнергии, газа и воды) крупных городов с помощью индекса В. Рябцева. Отмечена прямая зависимость между уровнем развития обрабатывающих производств и доходами населения в крупных городах. The studies of structural changes in industrial centers involve the analysis of its composition and identification of relationships between the elements of the structure. It is especially important to study the regional features of the formation and development of the territorial and sectoral structure of industrial centers, which occur under the influence of a set of economicgeographical and socioeconomic factors. It is necessary to study the main factors and properties of the formation of the structure of industrial centers, the mechanisms of the processes of inclusion of new industries in the existing structures of industrial centers in the Russian Far East. The territory of the Far East used in economic turnover has a dynamic set of factors that have a more or less favorable impact on the formation of the structure of industrial centers (natural conditions and resources, an economic geographical position, labor resources, fuel and energy resources, and others). Realization of such a set of the most favorable factors leads to the formation of various types of economic activity (mining, processing, production and distribution of electricity, construction, an industrial infrastructure, and others) in the structure of industrial centers. Public authorities can apply tax benefits and preferences successfully, for example, in order to create the territories of advanced development that stimulates the processes of inclusion of new industries in the structure of industrial centers and the renewal of the production potential of existing enterprises. Such regulation of the process of structural transformation of the territorial production systems by the Federal and regional authorities can improve significantly efficiency of the production potential of both separate enterprises and entire regions. The purpose of such changes is to improve the living standards of the population in the regions by increasing the efficiency of production, development of production and a social infrastructure, creating the living conditions in the Far East. The paper deals with the structural differences between the main industrial centers of the Far Eastern Federal district of the Russian Federation. The calculations of the generalized characteristics of differences in the structure of industry (mining, processing industries and production and distribution of electricity, gas, and water) of large cities are assumed using V. Ryabtsev index, A direct relationship between the level of development of processing industries and incomes in large cities is revealed.