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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Independent professions"
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Cross, David, e Juani Swart. "Professional liminality: Independent consultants spanning professions". Academy of Management Proceedings 2018, n.º 1 (agosto de 2018): 14500. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2018.14500abstract.
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Varneva, M. "REVIVAL AND ESTABLISHMENT OF PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATIONS, PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AND ASSOCIATIONS IN BULGARIAN HEALTHCARE (1990-2019)". East European Scientific Journal 1, n.º 6(70) (10 de julho de 2021): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/essa.2782-1994.2021.1.70.65.
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From 1947 to 1990, all health professionals gradually became part of the Health Workers' Union. At the beginning of the democratic changes in Bulgaria (1989-1990) the revival and registration of professional organizations of the medical professions began. Some of them for a short time, others for a longer period are members of the Confederation of Independent Trade Unions in Bulgaria and the Confederation of Labor "Support". With the legislative changes in the country, the healthcare professions became regulated professions, which led to the emergence of legally legitimate professional organizations. The purpose of this review is to trace and present the revival of professional organizations of health professionals in Bulgaria after 1990. Archival documents, written sources and websites of official organizations and trade unions were used for this purpose. From the collected and presented information we can conclude that according to the legislation of the Republic of Bulgaria each regulated profession should have its own professional organization, regardless of whether it is a union or an association. Some professions have independent legally legitimate professional organizations, while others are part of the Bulgarian Association of Healthcare Professionals.
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Polgar, Michael F. "Professional Ethics in Three Professions during the Holocaust". Conatus 4, n.º 2 (31 de dezembro de 2019): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/cjp.21053.
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Modern scholars and bioethicists continue to learn from the Holocaust. Scholarship and history show that the authoritarian Nazi state limited and steered the development and power of professions and professional ethics during the Holocaust. Eliminationist anti-Semitism drove German professions and many professionals to join in policies and programs of mass deportation and ultimately genocidal mass murder, while also excluding many professionals (including most Jewish professionals) from paid work. For many physicians and other medical professionals, humane and truly ethical practices were limited by constrained professional autonomy and coercive state laws. Education and research in natural sciences were distorted by applications of racist eugenic policies and practices. In law schools and legal professions, professionals were rewarded as judgmental enforcers of state policies, often working with limited independent agency and in the public sphere. Mass harm and mass crimes were therefore perpetrated in accordance with Nazi laws and policies, incorporating professions and professionals into destructive practices, along with other occupational groups.
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Neuenschwander, Markus P., Jan Hofmann, Andreas Jüttler e Stephan Schumann. "Professional Desires and Career Decisions: Effects of Professional Interests, Role Models, and Internship in Lower Secondary School". International Journal for Research in Vocational Education and Training 5, n.º 3 (22 de novembro de 2018): 226–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.13152/ijrvet.5.3.5.
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Context: Following the social cognitive career theory of Lent, Brown, and Hackett (1994), the current study examines the effect of role models’ professions and practical internship experiences on the choice of professional environment independent of professional interests. Embedded in the Swiss context with its strong vocational training system, the paper outlines to what extent the desired professional environment is realized in the chosen apprenticeship two years later and how this realization can be predicted. The theoretical model proposes that students form direct professional experiences during their first internship(s). If those experiences are positive, students choose an apprenticeship in the same professional environment. Students have indirect (vicarious) professional experiences through their role models. If those experiences are positive, students choose an apprenticeship in the role model’s professional environment. The study examined whether, independent of professional interests, direct experiences in internships and indirect experiences through role models’ professions predict the realization of a desired professional environment in an apprenticeship.Method: The longitudinal sample consists of N = 348 seventh- and ninth-grade students from four German-speaking Swiss cantons. Professional interests and environments were measured using standardized questionnaires. The professional environments of the desired professions, the chosen apprenticeships, the role model’s professions, and the internship’s professions were coded using Holland’s (1997) interest types: realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, and conventional (RIASEC).Results: In 53% of the cases, students chose an apprenticeship in the professional environment they desired. In 53% of the cases, the chosen professional environment corresponded with the professional environment of the student’s two most important role models. In 39% of the cases, those role models were their parents. By means of logistic regression analyses, we can show that role models’ professional environments and the professional environment of the first internship influenced the realization of the desired professional environment at the end of lower secondary school, independent of the effect of the individuals’ interests.Conclusions: Results show that direct professional experiences in internships and indirect experiences of role models influence the realization of the desired professional environment, independent of professional interests. In a contextual approach, career counselling should include the role model’s profession and how it corresponds with the client’s interests and professional desires. Moreover, role models, especially parents, have a responsibility to reflect on how their goals influence students’ career choice processes.
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Pryor, Claire, Sally Gilborson, Phill Morgan Henshaw e Stuart Maddock. "What's in a name? The complex conundrum of prescribing nomenclature in practice". Journal of Prescribing Practice 5, n.º 9 (2 de setembro de 2023): 379–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/jprp.2023.5.9.379.
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Health professionals who can legally prescribe medication and medical devices, but who are not doctors or dentists, come from a wide range of backgrounds, including the Nursing and Midwifery Council, General Pharmaceutical Council, and some Health and Care Professions Council registrants. The professionals are often grouped together and defined as ‘non-medical prescribers’. This may or may not be a useful collective term as, depending on professional registration, these professionals may be afforded differing prescribing rights, which may include a combination of independent/supplementary prescribing, independent prescribing (only), supplementary prescribing (only), or community nurse practitioner prescribing activity. This article explores the confusing nomenclature around prescribing, and the impact the names and terms used in practice have on professions. The naming and identification of role should be facilitative, to allow others to understand the legal context of prescribing activity, boundaries, and role expectations.
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Papoyan, V. R., A. S. Galstyan e D. Yu Sargsyan. "RELATIONSHIP OF SUBJECT PREPARATION AND MOTIVATION OF STUDENTS IN THE PROCESS OF PROFESSIONAL SELF-ORIENTATION". Modern Psychology 2, n.º 2 (4) (27 de setembro de 2019): 389–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.46991/sbmp/2019.2.2(4).389.
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The article is dedicated to the psychological assessment of students' professional self-orientation, the purpose of which is to study the correlation between their own knowledge, desires and professional relevance. The article summarizes the results of 395 the study showing that the surveyed respondents (70 people) are highly motivated, independent and their life decisions are specific. However, their concepts of choosing a profession are weak due to their knowledge, faithful desires and preferences. It was obvious that many of the students who were on the threshold of choosing a profession had no idea about the professions. The data obtained allow us to conclude that students do not get efficient awareness of professions at the relevant stages of training, this, in its turn makes the choice and professional self-orientation difficult.
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Syeda Sanaa Fatima e Rahila Yasmeen. "The fate of health professions education as a profession: a road less travelled". Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 73, n.º 2 (15 de janeiro de 2023): 264–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.47391/jpma.5358.
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Objective: To explore the views of academics about the identity of Health Professions Education as a discipline, its fate and sustainability as a profession. Method: The qualitative exploratory study was conducted from February to July 2021 after approval from the ethics review committee of Islamic International Medical College, Riphah International University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, and comprised both fulltime and part-time health professions educationists of either gender teaching in different institutions of seven cities of Pakistan; Taxila, Kamrah, Rawalpindi, Peshawar, Lahore, Multan and Karachi. Using Professional Identity theory, data was collected through semi-structured one-on-one interviews which were conducted online. The interviews were transcribed verbatim, coded and thematically analysed. Result: Of the 14 participants, 7(50%) had qualifications and experience of other specialities as well, while 7(50%) were pure health professions educationists. Overall, 5(35%) subjects were from Rawalpindi, 3(21%) were serving in multiple cities including Peshawer, 2(14%) were from Taxilla and 1(7.5%) each was from Lahore, Karachi, Kamrah and Multan. Accumulated data led to 31 codes with 3 themes and 15 sub-themes. The main themes were identity of health professions education as a discipline, its fate and sustainability. Conclusion: Health professions education has established its identity as a discipline in Pakistan, with independent, fully functioning departments in medical and dental colleges across the country. Key Words: Health professions education, Future, Health professions educationists, Profession.
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Lipowski, Paweł, e Maja Mydel. "Kwalifikacje zawodowe wybranych zawodów medycznych – charakterystyka wymogów prawnych i aspektów praktycznych". Zdrowie Publiczne i Zarządzanie 20, n.º 4 (2024): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20842627oz.22.019.19348.
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In terms of legal requirements for medical personnel, education plays a key role – in each of the analyzed medical professions – it must be a higher education. In the field of post-graduate education (after obtaining the right to practice), it is also possible to complete a specialization course, as a result of which one is able to obtain the title of specialist. As a part of this form of education, medical personnel should constantly improve their professional qualifications in various forms, e.g. qualification courses and specialized training. The provisions of the analyzed acts relating to the so-called independent medical professions indicate, above all, that in order to practice each of the medical professions, it is necessary to hold (maintain) the right to practice the profession and that is subject to the obligation of continuous education, verified by medical boards. The law specifies legal requirements for people who want to practice medicine, in the first place, students of medical faculties. They establish the conditions for obtaining the prerequisite to practice the profession and provide for the need of the continuous postgraduate education after fulfilling the education requirement. This solution introduces a significant scope of legal liability for people who want to practice a given medical profession, which guarantees an appropriate level of protection for patients. Legal regulations for medical professions are in many cases similar, although there are separate legal solutions.
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Okoro, Olihe, Omolayo Umaru e Meghana Ray. "Women of Color in the Health Professions: A Scoping Review of the Literature". Pharmacy 12, n.º 1 (7 de fevereiro de 2024): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy12010029.
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Women of color (WoC) in the health professions encounter challenges in advancement to higher positions, disparities in wages, discrimination, lack of expectation to achieve leadership positions, and absence of extensive support networks. Articles in the literature have addressed race and/or gender in the context of professional development. However, applying an intersectional lens or framework to better understand the contextual issues of professional development for WoC remains to be addressed. Thus, this scoping review aimed to (i) identify health professions literature that addresses disparities affecting WoC, and (ii) describe strategies and approaches to support WoC in the health professions. Methods: The literature searches were conducted in multiple databases, including PubMed and MEDLINE (Ovid); and Google and Google Scholar were used to “hand search” further articles including gray literature. Three independent reviewers reviewed and screened articles for inclusion in accordance with a guide. Search included articles on pharmacy or healthcare professions, published in English, and which met three content criteria: racial disparities/inequities, professional development/career advancement, and women or gender disparities Results: A total of 31 articles were included—medicine (17), nursing (1), pharmacy (7), other (4), and multiple health professions (2). Key findings included underrepresentation of women and minority groups, inequities in professional advancement and leadership positions for WoC, and greater dissatisfaction and attrition among minority and women professionals. Conclusion: WoC face unique and distinct challenges and barriers in their professional careers resulting from the intersectionality of not only race and gender, but also lived experiences and opportunities. Strategies to improve diversity and representation should include an intersectional framework or lens and be critically evaluated.
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Hashem, Mazen. "Becoming an independent field: Societal pressures, state, and professions". Higher Education 54, n.º 2 (26 de setembro de 2006): 181–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10734-005-2295-5.
Texto completo da fonteTeses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Independent professions"
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Ndiaye, Chloé. "L'avenir des professions libérales en commun". Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTD019.
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Les professions libérales sont définies par la loi du 22 mars 2012 et sont caractérisées par leur degré de qualification, leur indépendance et leur grande ancienneté pour certaines comme les médecins ou les avocats. En effet, leurs racines peuvent remonter jusqu' à l'Antiquité gréco-romaine et de ce fait, elles sont profondément ancrées dans nos sociétés occidentales.Les professions libérales ont surmonté les grandes crises des siècles passés tout en conservant les règles et traditions qui leurs sont intrinsèques comme l'indépendance ou le respect de règles déontologiques. Néanmoins, ces professions se sont peu à peu rapprochées des modèles classiques du monde des affaires en s'assimilant elles-mêmes à des entrepreneurs et en se regroupant pour exercer. Actuellement, elles font face à de nouveaux changements initiés par la volonté des institutions de l'Union européenne de les rendre plus compétitives et de les soumettre aux règles du droit de la concurrence. La récente et difficile adoption de la loi dite "Macron" en est la parfaite illustration. Ainsi, l'étude de leurs origines et de leur développement permet, d'une part, de comprendre les raisons de l'existence de structures d'exercice qui leurs sont propres et d’autre part, de se questionner sur leur nature, la préservation de leurs caractéristiques et les potentielles limites à l'évolution de leurs modes d'exercice en communIndependent professions, which are called in french « professions libérales », are a certain type of professionals highly qualified such as lawyers or medical doctors, for instance.Their common roots are deeply attached to the long history of occidental societies starting from the Greek and Roman Antiquity.They faced and overcame several crisis during their evolution but they managed to preserve their main features such as independence or specific codes of ethics.Indeed, step by step, they started to merge with the common classic business structures and adapt their specificities to the modern economy.Nowadays, they still have to adapt themselves to new major economic stakes including those coming from the European Union requirements of becoming more competitive and follow the rules of competition law.On the one hand, studying the origins of those professions and the way they built themselves, allow us to understand why they needed their own structures and ways of working together. On the other hand, this approach leads us to the following question: Are the independent high qualified professions, or liberal professions, doomed to reach limits in their evolution toward modernity because of their own nature?In France, it seems like they are, and will be, undergoing changes for years to come and maybe their legal definition will also have to evolve with them
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Antunes, Francisco Angelo. "A institucionalização da atividade do auditor independente". Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2010. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/875.
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Previous issue date: 2010-11-17The development of the capitalist system has required more and more participation in the labor market of qualified professionals and the development process of capitalism in its various stages has led to constant changes in the structure of that market. Lately the changes in business in Brazil have been more applicants, mainly from the process of stabilization and liberalization of the economy, these changes, which has been accentuated in the current phase of increasing globalization. This study is a contribution for the research of the emergence and evolution of the activity of the independent auditor in Brazil. The study also presents a brief comparative analysis of the development process of this activity in Brazil with that presented in other countries and also an assessment of the contribution that the activity can bring to society. For this, a search was conducted based on the sociology of professions, in order to understand how this specialization has become institutionalized, narrowed its field of operation in the country and whether it is or not, in the process of becoming from a field of accounting to autonomous profession. The research method used was the historiography, based on the model developed by Larson (1977) called Professional Project. We also conducted interviews with teachers and recognized experts in the area and the results were analyzed by the methodological approach of content analysis, which was based on the model developed by Bardin (2004). The results suggest that the process of professionalization of the independent auditor is still ongoing and for now does not meet all the requirements necessary and sufficient to be considered, from the perspective of the sociology of professions, a full profession. Although the activity already meets most of these requirements, there are still some steps to go.
O desenvolvimento do sistema capitalista tem requerido cada vez mais a participação, no mercado de trabalho, de profissionais qualificados, e o processo de desenvolvimento do capitalismo vem provocando constantes alterações na estrutura desse mercado. Ultimamente as mudanças no mundo dos negócios brasileiro têm sido mais recorrentes, principalmente a partir do processo de estabilização e abertura da economia, processo que tem se acentuado na atual fase de globalização econômica. A presente pesquisa é uma contribuição ao estudo do surgimento e da evolução da atividade do auditor independente no Brasil. O estudo apresenta também uma breve análise comparativa do processo de desenvolvimento dessa atividade no Brasil com o apresentado em outros países e, ainda, uma avaliação sobre a contribuição que a atividade pode trazer à sociedade. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa fundamentada na Sociologia das Profissões, com o objetivo de entender como esta especialização se institucionalizou, delimitou seu campo de atuação no país e se está, ou não, em processo de se transformar, de especialização contábil, em profissão autônoma. O método de pesquisa utilizado foi o historiográfico, baseado no modelo desenvolvido por Larson (1977) de estratégia profissional (Professional Project). Foram também realizadas entrevistas com professores e profissionais de renome e experiência reconhecida na área, e o resultado foi analisado pela abordagem metodológica da análise de conteúdo, que se baseou no estudo desenvolvido por Bardin (2004). Os resultados obtidos sugerem que o processo de profissionalização do auditor independente ainda está em curso e, por ora, não atende a todos os requisitos necessários e suficientes para ser considerada, sob a ótica da Sociologia das Profissões, uma profissão plena. Embora a atividade já atenda à maioria desses requisitos, ainda existem algumas etapas a percorrer.
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Humphreys, Stephen John. "The work of Phase I ethics committees : expert and lay membership". Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/10314.
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Previous research has noted that members of research ethics committees are unclear about the extent of their roles. In this study, research amongst members of independent ethics committees (IECs) about how the ‘expert’ and ‘lay’ roles are understood and operationalized offers an explanation for this lack of clarity. IECs were selected for study because they have only addressed one type of research (Phase 1 ‘healthy volunteer’ studies) and this limited remit suggested that it would be in such committees that the member roles would have become most pronounced. Drawing on findings from the sociology of professions and employing a phenomenological approach to understanding, 20 semi-structured interviews with both expert and lay members of these committees revealed that a number of members were not only unclear about the roles, but unclear too whether they, or certain of their colleagues, were in which membership category. Notwithstanding this fact, and paradoxically, the ‘expert’ designation was seen as granting its members a privileged position on the committees. The expert member was seen to be either a medically qualified member or one tightly associated with the medical model. Such a repository of expertise being with the medical model privileges this model in ethics review such that other matters formally to be scrutinized by ethics committees become marginalised. Participant safety was the prime concern of the ethics review for IEC members. This relegated other matters including the adequacy of the insurance arrangements, the readability of the consent forms, the fairness of the inclusion criteria, and so forth, into areas of lesser concern. That this occurs though when the science, the safety and the methodology of the trials are already – separately - subject to an independent analysis by a body of experts, whose statutory role is to concern itself with these issues such that no trial may occur without their sanction, is of significance. IEC members were cognizant of this duplication of role but unable to resolve it. The situation could be accounted for as due to capture by the medical model and a cognitive dissonant process. Members’ training and education were found to have been neglected because under the medical professions’ gaze no other type of knowledge was considered necessary in ethics review. The study revealed that the medical profession’s dominance of such committees accounts for the members’ role uncertainty and as such allies itself to Freidson’s theory of professional dominance. If such a concept has been thought to be an obsolete one, this study suggests such a notion of the status of the theory is premature. The medical model’s status is implicitly accepted such that nothing else need be considered. The research calls for further studies to corroborate such findings in other research ethics settings and for a debate about what society wants its ethics committees to focus upon in their review.
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Morize, Noémie. "Les coûts de l’autonomie : économistes et médecins libéraux dans les réformes expérimentales des soins primaires". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024IEPP0009.
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Dans le secteur des soins primaires, ces dernières décennies sont marquées par le développement des maisons de santé pluriprofessionnelles, permettant à des professionnels libéraux de bénéficier de financements publics en échange d’une coordination pluriprofessionnelle accrue. Leur essor s’accompagne de l’apparition de financements collectifs et complémentaires au paiement à l’acte. À partir de 2019, deux expérimentations de financement visent à augmenter la collectivisation des professionnels de santé afin de les responsabiliser malgré leur statut libéral, en leur attribuant le mérite de résultats de santé. Ces expérimentations sont promues par des économistes administratifs, et relayées par des médecins généralistes libéraux, entrepreneurs de ces réformes. Comment expliquer cette alliance a priori improbable, entre des médecins historiquement attachés à leur autonomie libérale, et des pouvoirs publics soucieux de réformer l’exercice libéral ?L’enquête qualitative, conduite de 2019 à 2023, mobilise l’observation de réunions liées à la mise en œuvre des expérimentations, et une centaine d’entretiens semi-directifs avec des acteurs administratifs et des professionnels de santé. Ma thèse montre l’existence d’une communauté d’acteurs qui se mobilisent autour de la promotion des expérimentations tout en effectuant des compromis réciproques. Les économistes administratifs amendent les modèles économiques pour préserver leur relation avec les médecins. Certains médecins, acculturés à l’économie, cherchent à présent à organiser les soins selon cette logique. Pour autant, les médecins généralistes réaffirment une place centrale dans les relations entre groupes professionnelsIn the primary care sector in France, “Multidisciplinary Primary Care Groups,” or MSPs, have progressively been introduced to enhance care coordination between self-employed healthcare professionals. These initiatives diversify the predominantly fee-for-service-based remuneration model within primary care, by adding publicly funded add-on payments for coordination efforts. Two pilot programs launched in 2019 sought to advance these reforms further, striving to increase care professionals’ accountability by providing financial incentives for reaching common health outcome goals for their shared patient groups. These initiatives were conceived by administrative executives trained in economics and received support from self-employed general practitioners. This doctoral study aims to explore the mechanisms behind the unlikely collaboration between general practitioners, traditionally known for their autonomy, and stakeholders seeking to reform the self-employed system in primary care.Through case studies involving qualitative data collection from 2019 to 2023, including observations and approximately one hundred interviews, the study reveals a group of stakeholders including administrative economists, researchers, and self-employed health professionals, advocating for these pilot programs and open to compromises to achieve their respective goals. Administrative economists adapt their strategies to maintain their relationships with practitioners, while some general practitioners, well versed in economic principles, seek to reorganize care accordingly. However, they also assert their central position in professional relationships
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Sharma, Vineeta Divesh, e N/A. "The Effects of Independent Audit Committee Member Characteristics and Auditor Independence on Financial Restatements". Griffith University. Department of Accounting, Finance and Economics, 2006. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20071108.143642.
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The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) continues to reform the corporate governance mechanisms in order to improve the quality of financial reporting and thus, enhance the confidence of investors in the stock market and in the accounting profession. Despite the efforts of the SEC, financial reporting scandals continue with record numbers of financial restatements documented by the General Accounting Office. A financial restatement is a correction of a previously misstated financial statement. There is a small volume of literature examining the effects of corporate governance mechanisms on financial restatements. The results of these studies however, are mixed and possibly explained by their narrow focus and omitted variables that could influence the effectiveness of audit committees. Consequently, this study examines the effects of independent audit committee member characteristics and auditor independence on financial restatements. Specifically, this study investigates the relationship between the likelihood of financial restatements and: (1) the expertise of the independent audit committee members, (2) the expertise and diligence of the independent audit committee members, (3) the reputation of the independent audit committee members, (4) the interaction effect of expertise, diligence and reputation, (5) the tenure of the independent audit committee members, and (6) the cash compensation paid to independent audit committee members. Prior studies have not investigated some of these variables or the interaction effects of independent audit committee member characteristics on financial restatements. This study also investigates the association between auditor independence and financial restatements. The SEC alleges that an increasing number of audit failures are due to the lack of auditor independence. One of the major sources of the lack of auditor independence is the auditors economic dependency on the client. The provision of non-audit services increases the financial reliance of the auditor on the client. As a result, the auditor may become reluctant to raise issues with the preparation of the financial statements at the risk of foregoing the lucrative non-audit services fees. The SEC believes that longer audit firm tenure can also impair auditor independence and Section 203 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act suggests periodic audit firm rotation. Therefore, auditor independence was measured as: (1) fees paid to the auditor, and (2) audit firm tenure. Finally, this study extends the prior literature by studying the interaction effects of independent audit committee member characteristics and auditor independence on financial restatements. This interaction effect is important because the external auditor and the audit committee are regarded vital governance mechanisms that interact and exchange dialogue in the performance of their respective oversight of the financial reporting process. Prior research has not investigated this important interaction effect. The sample of the study comprises 69 U.S. publicly listed companies that announced their restatement from 1 January 2001 to 31 December 2002. These companies were matched with 69 non-restatement companies based on industry and size. The data for the study is derived from SEC filings such as Form 10-K and DEF 14A, and Compustat. The univariate results show that compared to restatement firms, non-restatement firms generally have effective audit committee characteristics. The audit committees of non-restatement firms have members who are experts, diligent, reputable and appropriately compensated. They also pay lower non-audit services and total fees, and have audit firms with longer tenure. The multivariate results show that after controlling for other governance structures and firm specific non-governance variables, the likelihood of financial restatements is related to independent audit committee member characteristics and auditor independence. Specifically, the likelihood of financial restatements decreases when independent audit committee members are: (1) experts, (2) experts and diligent, (3) reputable, (4) experts, diligent and reputable, and (5) appropriately compensated. The audit committee member tenure variable is insignificant. In relation to the auditor independence variables, the multivariate results show that the likelihood of financial restatements increases when the non-audit services and total fees generated by the client are higher. On the other hand, the likelihood of financial restatements decreases when audit firm tenure is longer. The empirical results of this study suggest that independent audit committees are more effective overseers of the corporate financial reporting and auditing processes when: they comprise majority experts, they meet regularly, their members are reputable, and audit committee members are appropriately compensated. On the other hand, external auditors are not deemed to be effective overseers of the corporate financial reporting process when the non-audit services and total fees generated by the client are higher but are effective when audit firm tenure is long. The results support the SECs concerns regarding the provision of non-audit services impairing auditor independence. The results also support the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 which under Section 201 prohibits external auditors from providing certain non-audit services to its audit client. Overall, these results support the regulatory efforts to increase the quality of financial reporting by enhancing the corporate governance process related to audit committees and auditor independence. However, the results do not support calls to limit the tenure of the auditor. The results of the multivariate interaction effects suggest that, after controlling for other governance structures and firm specific non-governance variables, when the non-audit services and total fees generated by the client are higher, the likelihood of financial restatements increases under conditions when the audit committee is not effective (a non expert audit committee, an audit committee that does not meet regularly, an audit committee whose members are not reputable or an audit committee that is not appropriately compensated). The implication of this result is that it provides evidence of conditions under which restatements take place. Knowledge of such conditions could aid regulators further improve the financial reporting process and corporate governance. This knowledge will support regulators in revising policies that ensure audit committee members are not only independent but also comprise other critical qualities. These improvements to the audit committee coupled with the existing regulations on the provision of non-audit services suggest a companys governance will be more effective. Overall, the results extend current knowledge in the sparse but growing literature related to financial restatements and corporate governance, and extend our understanding of the effectiveness and interaction of governance mechanisms in reducing financial restatements.
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Sharma, Vineeta Divesh. "The Effects of Independent Audit Committee Member Characteristics and Auditor Independence on Financial Restatements". Thesis, Griffith University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366715.
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The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) continues to reform the corporate governance mechanisms in order to improve the quality of financial reporting and thus, enhance the confidence of investors in the stock market and in the accounting profession. Despite the efforts of the SEC, financial reporting scandals continue with record numbers of financial restatements documented by the General Accounting Office. A financial restatement is a correction of a previously misstated financial statement. There is a small volume of literature examining the effects of corporate governance mechanisms on financial restatements. The results of these studies however, are mixed and possibly explained by their narrow focus and omitted variables that could influence the effectiveness of audit committees. Consequently, this study examines the effects of independent audit committee member characteristics and auditor independence on financial restatements. Specifically, this study investigates the relationship between the likelihood of financial restatements and: (1) the expertise of the independent audit committee members, (2) the expertise and diligence of the independent audit committee members, (3) the reputation of the independent audit committee members, (4) the interaction effect of expertise, diligence and reputation, (5) the tenure of the independent audit committee members, and (6) the cash compensation paid to independent audit committee members. Prior studies have not investigated some of these variables or the interaction effects of independent audit committee member characteristics on financial restatements. This study also investigates the association between auditor independence and financial restatements. The SEC alleges that an increasing number of audit failures are due to the lack of auditor independence. One of the major sources of the lack of auditor independence is the auditor’s economic dependency on the client. The provision of non-audit services increases the financial reliance of the auditor on the client. As a result, the auditor may become reluctant to raise issues with the preparation of the financial statements at the risk of foregoing the lucrative non-audit services fees. The SEC believes that longer audit firm tenure can also impair auditor independence and Section 203 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act suggests periodic audit firm rotation. Therefore, auditor independence was measured as: (1) fees paid to the auditor, and (2) audit firm tenure. Finally, this study extends the prior literature by studying the interaction effects of independent audit committee member characteristics and auditor independence on financial restatements. This interaction effect is important because the external auditor and the audit committee are regarded vital governance mechanisms that interact and exchange dialogue in the performance of their respective oversight of the financial reporting process. Prior research has not investigated this important interaction effect. The sample of the study comprises 69 U.S. publicly listed companies that announced their restatement from 1 January 2001 to 31 December 2002. These companies were matched with 69 non-restatement companies based on industry and size. The data for the study is derived from SEC filings such as Form 10-K and DEF 14A, and Compustat. The univariate results show that compared to restatement firms, non-restatement firms generally have effective audit committee characteristics. The audit committees of non-restatement firms have members who are experts, diligent, reputable and appropriately compensated. They also pay lower non-audit services and total fees, and have audit firms with longer tenure. The multivariate results show that after controlling for other governance structures and firm specific non-governance variables, the likelihood of financial restatements is related to independent audit committee member characteristics and auditor independence. Specifically, the likelihood of financial restatements decreases when independent audit committee members are: (1) experts, (2) experts and diligent, (3) reputable, (4) experts, diligent and reputable, and (5) appropriately compensated. The audit committee member tenure variable is insignificant. In relation to the auditor independence variables, the multivariate results show that the likelihood of financial restatements increases when the non-audit services and total fees generated by the client are higher. On the other hand, the likelihood of financial restatements decreases when audit firm tenure is longer. The empirical results of this study suggest that independent audit committees are more effective overseers of the corporate financial reporting and auditing processes when: they comprise majority experts, they meet regularly, their members are reputable, and audit committee members are appropriately compensated. On the other hand, external auditors are not deemed to be effective overseers of the corporate financial reporting process when the non-audit services and total fees generated by the client are higher but are effective when audit firm tenure is long. The results support the SEC’s concerns regarding the provision of non-audit services impairing auditor independence. The results also support the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 which under Section 201 prohibits external auditors from providing certain non-audit services to its audit client. Overall, these results support the regulatory efforts to increase the quality of financial reporting by enhancing the corporate governance process related to audit committees and auditor independence. However, the results do not support calls to limit the tenure of the auditor. The results of the multivariate interaction effects suggest that, after controlling for other governance structures and firm specific non-governance variables, when the non-audit services and total fees generated by the client are higher, the likelihood of financial restatements increases under conditions when the audit committee is not effective (a non expert audit committee, an audit committee that does not meet regularly, an audit committee whose members are not reputable or an audit committee that is not appropriately compensated). The implication of this result is that it provides evidence of conditions under which restatements take place. Knowledge of such conditions could aid regulators further improve the financial reporting process and corporate governance. This knowledge will support regulators in revising policies that ensure audit committee members are not only independent but also comprise other critical qualities. These improvements to the audit committee coupled with the existing regulations on the provision of non-audit services suggest a company’s governance will be more effective. Overall, the results extend current knowledge in the sparse but growing literature related to financial restatements and corporate governance, and extend our understanding of the effectiveness and interaction of governance mechanisms in reducing financial restatements.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Department of Accounting, Finance and Economics
Griffith Business School
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Salvador, Berenice de Lemos Silva. "Disposições socializadoras e ideal de profissão independente: um estudo de trajetórias individuais de “pejotas” na cidade de Pelotas - RS". Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2017. http://guaiaca.ufpel.edu.br:8080/handle/prefix/3996.
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O objetivo deste estudo é através da aplicação de um dispositivo metodológico de Bernard Lahire, analisar a trajetória dos trabalhadores de Pessoa Jurídica, verificando se as disposições por eles incorporadas nos diferentes ambientes socializadores influenciam sua escolha por se tornarem profissionais independentes. Com a reestruturação produtiva e do capital, as relações de emprego em todo o mundo passaram a sofrer contínuas alterações, levando a uma intensificação da flexibilização do trabalho. Essas transformações são responsáveis por mudanças técnicas e organizacionais, as quais levam a uma precarização do trabalho e alterações nas formas dos contratos, acentuando as subcontratações, a terceirização, o aumento da informalidade e o surgimento de novas modalidades de trabalho. No Brasil, as novas políticas do governo proporcionam a ampliação da terceirização, o que conduz à um crescimento das práticas empresariais que procuram celebrar contratos através da prestação de serviço de pessoa jurídica. Assim, a chamada “pejotização” vem ganhando espaço, o que nos leva a questionar se a adesão do trabalhador à esta modalidade se dá de forma autônoma ou coercitiva. Lahire nos ajuda a entender o que incentiva um PJ a aderir à essa modalidade de contrato: esta ação é orientada por um patrimônio de disposições constituídas pelos processos de socialização do passado incorporado pelo trabalhador. Para a realização deste estudo portanto, é necessário estudar a trajetória social individual de cada trabalhador PJ.
This study aims, through the application of a methodological device created by Bernard Lahire, to analyze the trajectory of the workers who, instead of being hired as a regular employee, opted to create a legal entity to celebrate a contract with their employer in a process called “pejotização”, a word derived from PJ (Pessoa = Person/Entity + Jurídica = Legal, something like “legal entityzation”). The analysis will verify if the dispositions incorporated by these workers in the different socializing environments have any kind of influence over their choice to become this kind of independent professionals. With the restructuring of the capital and production systems, employment relations throughout the world began to undergo continuous changes, leading to more flexible forms of work. These changes are responsible for technical and organizational changes, which lead to more precarious working conditions and changes in the forms of contracts, accentuating subcontracting, outsourcing, increasing informality and the emergence of new working modalities. In Brazil, new government policies provide for the expansion of outsourcing, which leads to an increase in business practices that seek to enter into contracts through the provision of corporate service. Thus, the so-called "pejotização" has been gaining grounds, which leads us to question whether the worker's adherence to this modality occurs in an autonomous or coercive way. Lahire helps us to understand what encourages a PJ to adhere to this modality of contract: this action is guided by a patrimony of dispositions, constituted by the socialization processes of the past, incorporated by these workers. In order to carry out this study, it is necessary to study the individual social trajectory of each worker PJ.
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Varela, Luz Maria. ""Getting ready" independent living skills program: A professional assessment". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2007. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3296.
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Elshendidy, T., Mohamed K. A. Eldaly e M. Abdel-Kader. "Independent oversight of the auditing profession: A review of the literature". Willy Online Library, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/18384.
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YesThis paper reviews the literature on the independent oversight of auditing from 2003 to 2018 and provides several research opportunities for filling the identified gaps in that literature. Our review classifies the literature into three themes: (1) the development of independent audit oversight; (2) the effects of independent audit oversight; and (3) the interface between the independent audit oversight authorities and the global audit networks. The paper finds different effects of the independent audit oversight. Positively, it enhances the capital markets by adding more credibility to the published information. Auditors become more conservative about accepting or continuing to work with high-risk clients. At the same time, while audit fees have increased as a result of the additional requirements of independent audit regulation, non-audit fees from audit clients have decreased significantly. Negatively, independent oversight has increased audit concentration and resulted in insufficient choice of auditors in most audit markets.
The full-text of this article will be released for public view at the end of the publisher embargo on 16 Mar 2023.
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Gonsalves, Bronte B. (Bronte Blondina). "Teacher Evaluation Processes and Professional Development Programs in Independent Schools". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1989. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331778/.
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The purposes of this study were to determine (a) what teacher evaluation processes or instruments are used in the 45 independent schools of the Southwest, (b) what types of professional development activities or programs are provided for teachers in these schools, and (c) how the development and implementation of the teacher evaluation process and professional development programs are perceived by the teaching faculty in selected schools.
Questionnaires were administered to chief administrators of the 45 member schools of the Independent Schools Association of the Southwest. From the 28 schools submitting completed questionnaires and evaluation instruments, it was found that: (a) 3 of the schools had a very informal process, (b) 7 of the schools had an informal process, (c) 12 of the schools had a formal process, and (d) 6 of the schools had a very formal process. Four generalizations emerged from factors evident at the 5 schools selected for on-site visitations which should be addressed by independent schools regardless of the type of evaluation process used: (a) each school should develop a teacher evaluation policy; (b) each school should develop evaluation criteria and procedures that relate to each teacher's classification; (c) each school should delineate the specific role of the chief administrator in the evaluation process, and (d) each school should design a program of preferred professional development activities for each teacher's classification and level of the school. Finally, the recommendation was made that further research on teacher evaluation in independent schools include the investigation of how and why schools select a particular teacher evaluation process.
Livros sobre o assunto "Independent professions"
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Committee, New Jersey Legislature General Assembly Regulated Professions and Independent Authorities. Public hearing before Assembly Regulated Professions and Independent Authorities Committee: Assembly bill no. 1852 (establishes limits on medical resident's hours). Trenton, N.J: Office of Legislative Services, Public Information Office, Hearing Unit, 2002.
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Virginia. Board of Health Professions. Study of the merit of an independent board of physical therapy: Report of the Department of Health Professions, Board of Health Professions to the Governor and the General Assembly of Virginia. Richmond: Commonwealth of Virginia, 1999.
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Joaquín, García Murcia, ed. El trabajo autónomo y otras formas de trabajo no asalariado. Cizur Menor, Navarra: Thomson/Aranzadi, 2007.
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Abegglen, Sandro. Die Aufklärungspflichten in Dienstleistungsbeziehungen, insbesondere im Bankgeschäft: Entwurf eines Systems zu ihrer Konkretisierung. Bern: Stämpfli, 1995.
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Kuznets, Simon Smith. Incomes from independent professional practice, 1929-1936. New York: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1986.
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Undy, Roger. IPMS independence study. [U.K.]: [s.n.], 1997.
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Taylor, Imogen. Developing learning in professional education: Partnerships for practice. Buckingham: Society for Research into Higher Education & Open University Press, 1997.
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Tennessee. Dept. of Commerce and Insurance. e Tennessee. Division of State Audit., eds. Performance audit: Department of Commerce and Insurance professional regulatory entities, March 1992. [Nashville, Tenn.]: State of Tennessee, Comptroller of the Treasury, Dept. of Audit, Division of State Audit, 1992.
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Ellis, Marion A. An independent profession: A centennial history of the Mecklenburg County Bar. Davidson, N.C: Lorimer Press, 2012.
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Vasi︠u︡tin, I︠U︡ S. Professionalʹnoe obrazovanie bez otryva ot proizvodstva: Tekhnologii samostoi︠a︡telʹnoĭ raboty. Orel: Orlovskai︠a︡ regionalʹnai︠a︡ akademii︠a︡ gos. sluzhby, 1998.
Encontre o texto completo da fonteCapítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Independent professions"
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Prévost, Jean-Guy. "The Instruments of Professional Independence". In The Independence of Official Statistics, 99–128. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40829-8_4.
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Durkheim, Émile. "Duties in General, Independent of any Social Grouping—Homicide". In Professional Ethics and Civic Morals, 117–28. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Routledge classics: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429452901-10.
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Lemke, Stefanie. "Judicial Independence in an Authoritarian Regime". In Leading Works on the Legal Profession, 199–211. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003253778-15.
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Lessambo, Felix I. "Professional Standards: Independence, Integrity, and Objectivity". In Auditing, Assurance Services, and Forensics, 109–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90521-1_7.
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Stengelhofen, Jackie. "Helping students to become independent learners and professionals". In Teaching Students in Clinical Settings, 90–119. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2933-4_5.
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Solomon, Peter H. "The Accountability of Judges in Post Communist States: From Bureaucratic to Professional Accountability". In Judicial Independence in Transition, 909–35. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28299-7_22.
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Schnurr, Stephanie. "“A financially independent woman is a gift to any nation”". In Globalisation, Geopolitics, and Gender in Professional Communication, 17–39. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003159674-2.
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Slotfeldt-Ellingsen, Dag. "The Ideals of Neutrality, Impartiality and Independence". In Professional Ethics for Research and Development Activities, 107–8. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25484-0_7.
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Bell, David A. "Building an Independent Profession". In Lawyers and Citizens, 41–66. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195076707.003.0003.
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Abstract The law is an old profession in Paris. Its origins go back to the high Middle Ages, and by the Renaissance, barristers possessed most of the criteria generally associated with modern professions, such as a distinct vocational identity, an established body of theory taught in universities, and uniform standards for training and performance.1 An independent bar association, however, dates only from the time of Louis XIV. Over the long span of the king’s “personal rule” and the Regency that followed (1661-1723), Parisian barristers gradually constructed a powerful, cohesive organization for themselves. It had a governing committee, a mandatory training program, and a library that also served as a meeting place. Most importantly, it controlled who could become, and remain, a barrister.
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Alice, Edwards. "(Self-Employment/Professions Non-Salariées)". In The 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol 2e. Oxford University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780192855114.003.0039.
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This chapter elaborates on the rights of refugees to engage in self-employment indicated in Article 18 of the 1951 Convention. It highlights how the right to work of refugees is directly linked to their independent economic activity and sense of dignity. Economic independence reduces the refugees' reliance on social assistance, prevents parallel unregulated commerce, and avoids the creation of an underclass of people dependent on welfare. The chapter mentions that the application of the provision applies whether refugees have individual status or prima facie status. It cites that international human rights law principles may allow the right of self-employment to be granted even to rejected asylum seekers who cannot return and asylum seekers whose asylum process lasts for an extended period.Human rights
Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Independent professions"
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Ćorić, Dragana. "OBUKA ADVOKATSKOG PRIPRAVNIKA ZA SAMOSTALAN RAD KAO SPECIFIČNA USLUGA I DELATNOST ADVOKATA". In XVIII Majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xviiimajsko.531c.
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The law faculties with their programs provide the basic corpus of knowledge and skills to young lawyers, which are necessary for their independent work in one of the legal professions. In order to better prepare them for independent work in the legal profession, a two-year legal-trainee practice has been established and is taking place in the lawyer’s office. During this practice, the lawyer (principal) conducts activities that provide the legal trainee ith the necessary skills to work and deal with clients and other state bodies better than after the solely graduation. We can view this relationship as a special type of service activity, which a lawyer performs within his profession, which at the same time improves himself and his work, and on the other hand introduces a new person to the profession in an adequate way.
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Yan, Ryan. "Are We Ready to Use AI Technologies for the Prediction of Soil Properties?" In The HKIE Geotechnical Division 42nd Annual Seminar. AIJR Publisher, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.133.35.
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Artificial intelligence (AI) has become a hot topic for different professions in which geotechnical engineering is no exception. It is anticipated that AI could perform tasks, solve complex problems and make decision by mimicking intelligence or behavioral pattern of humans or any other living entities. Attempts have been made to study and adopt AI technologies in geotechnical engineering. In this paper, a dataset of marine soil in South Korea is re-analyzed using different commonly adopted AI algorithms. The soil’s compressibility is considered as the dependent variable (i.e., to be predicted) while other soil index and physical properties are regarded as the independent variables. The data are split into the training and validation set. While an algorithm learns from the training set, its prediction performance is examined using the validation set. Then, the Bayesian model class approach has been used to explain the potential problem of the use of AI algorithm to predict soil properties. At the end, by using this study as an example, the author discusses from a partitioner’s perspective how AI could affect our professions. In particularly, the question “are we ready for using AI to predict soil properties” is addressed.
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Soncheva, Elena, Larisa Isner e Mikhail Chervyakov. "FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL QUALIFICATION SYSTEM IN RUSSIA: LEGAL PERSPECTIVES". In NORDSCI International Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/nordsci2019/b2/v2/32.
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Today, the main event in the social and labour sphere of Russia is, of course, the introduction of the National Qualifications System (abbreviated NSC), which comes to replace the old system of qualification characteristics. In general, the NSC in Russia is represented by four interrelated elements: professional standards, independent assessment of qualifications, professional and public accreditation of educational programs and a directory of the most popular professions. The professional standard at the legislative level states the requirements for the type of activity. Independent assessment of qualifications is a mechanism for personnel certification for compliance with professional standards, and professional public accreditation of educational programs is their assessment for compliance with the requirements of professional standards. In European countries, such systems have existed for a long time and accumulated some experience in this field. The purpose of this article is to consider the common and distinctive features of the European and Russian systems of national qualifications, as well as the experience of building such a system in Russia. In addition, the work will present the differences between the previously existing system of qualifications in Russia and the modern one. The article will show the difficulties of embedding the new system in Russian labour legislation. In addition, problems in the activities of society that were caused by the new system will be considered, its advantages and disadvantages will be considered. Particular attention will be paid to the analysis of the new qualification assessment system and its comparison with similar ones abroad. Today, Russia is trying, using the experience of European countries, to introduce a system of awarding qualifications outside educational institutions in special centers for the assessment of qualifications. The difference between the Russian model and the existing analogues abroad is that these centers are represented by commercial organizations, while education is carried out by state educational institutions. Such a docking of the state system of education and business has given rise to a number of problems, which will be discussed in the article. The main feature of the national qualifications system in Russia is a synthesis of the obligation (imperativeness) and the market fundamentals of the system itself.
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Perera, B. L. S. H., R. A. A. S. Ranathunga, L. P. T. P. Madhuwanthi, e P. Coomasaru. "Applicability of green certification system for domestic construction projects in Sri Lanka". In Independence and interdependence of sustainable spaces. Faculty of Architecture Research Unit, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/faru.2022.8.
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Consistently, researchers have noted that 20 to 30 percent of damage to the environment can be attributable to residential construction. There are a plethora of green certification systems available for implementation throughout the construction phase in Sri Lanka, and the number of adoptions has increased in recent years to lessen the impact on the environment. Even if there has been progress in the implementation of green certification systems, the procedure and associated expenses have been a major concern in the business community. Consequently, the objective of this study is to identify the best appropriate green certificate system for Sri Lankan residential construction projects. The literature review was conducted and analysed using "NVivo." Initially, a questionnaire was deployed to collect primary data, which was subsequently confirmed through interviews with subject matter experts. Sixty-nine professionals with 10 to 15 years of industry experience responded to the survey, and five specialists with more than 30 years of professional experience validated its results. Both the significance of adopting the green certification system and the hurdles that developed during its adoption were addressed in the study. It was recommended that state assistance, social awareness, and continuous education for professionals could facilitate in overcoming the obstacles. Finally, it was determined that the LEED system is the most appropriate green certification system for residential development because it generates environmentally and user-friendly sustainable products.
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Cooray, N. K. V., e P. Coomasaru. "Adoption of 3D printing technology in Sri Lanka's construction industry". In Independence and interdependence of sustainable spaces. Faculty of Architecture Research Unit, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/faru.2022.12.
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The construction industry does have a history of embracing new technologies more slowly than other sectors. 3D construction is a revolutionary technology that has recently identified as a possible technology with the potential to enhance the construction industry's effectiveness and efficiency. This research attempts to provide strategies for integrating this technology into the Sri Lankan construction industry. Using NVIVO, a literature review was carried out and recorded. First, a prototype questionnaire survey was conducted based on findings from the literature, followed by a regular questionnaire survey with 39 professionals with 5 to 20 years of experience to identify bottlenecks and enablers. In addition to the questionnaire, interviews were conducted with three experts with more than 30 years of professional experience to validate its outcomes. "Workforce unprepared to engage with 3D printing," "lack of standards or rules for 3D printing technology," and "high investment requirements" were the top three reported impediments. As enablers, design flexibility, cost advantages, and time savings were highlighted. As a final objective, three strategies were identified: "Conduct training for industry staff on how to interact with 3D printing," "facilitate the collaborative approach (partnering)," and "Construction industry to establish a new set of standards, guidelines, rules and regulations pertaining to adaptation of 3D printing into construction industry."
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Ryan, Katie. "Supporting the development of students in the pharmacy profession through stakeholder engagement and technology innovation". In Learning Connections 2019: Spaces, People, Practice. University College Cork||National Forum for the Enhancement of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33178/lc2019.37.
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Pharmacists are experts in safe drug usage, and are uniquely placed to provide professional advice on a range of health related issues. It is crucial that pharmacy education embodies an emphasis on creating independent and responsible learners and prioritises life-long learning in the face of rapid change. Consequently, appropriate teaching and learning modalities are essential to prepare students. Changes in the way patient’s access information and education of pharmacists call for new ways of teaching to prepare pharmacists for a changing profession. The aim of this body of work was to support pharmacy students’ education as teachers and learners through their utilisation of technology to create short educational videos on a range of topics intended for different stakeholder groups including patients and allied healthcare professionals.
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Казакбаева, Гульнара Мухаметхатиповна, e Диана Дмитриевна Фаизова. "PROFESSIONAL VALUES AS A CULTURAL AND SOCIAL PHENOMENON". In Сборник избранных статей по материалам научных конференций ГНИИ "Нацразвитие" (Санкт-Петербург, Август 2021). Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/aug298.2021.22.41.029.
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В своей попытке привлечь внимание к ценностной проблематике авторы ставят вопрос о существовании профессиональных ценностей как самостоятельного уровня ценностей. В статье показано, что профессиональные ценности представляют собой разновидность групповых ценностей, а их специфика всегда будет обусловлена спецификой конкретной профессии. The authors want to attract attention to value issues. They call into question the need to exist of professional values as an independent level of values. They have reasons to believe that professional values are a kind of group values and characteristics of professional values will always be determined by the specificity of a particular profession.
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PLEȘCA, Maria. "Motivation in school and self-determination at teenagers". In Probleme ale ştiinţelor socioumanistice şi ale modernizării învăţământului. "Ion Creanga" State Pedagogical University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46728/c.v1.25-03-2022.p22-27.
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Professional self-determination is part of a larger process of the mechanism of life independent choice in addition to social, family and personal. It involves making decisions on three aspects of the activity: the profession, the specialty, the approach and the ways of professional training. When the school and / or professional choice is made according to the strongest unmet need at that moment, and along the way there is an evolution or a motivational progress, the individual is more closely linked to the activity (school or professional). If the choice is based on secondary and especially external reasons, it leads to failures doubled by dissatisfaction, poor integration (school or professional), dropout tendencies, etc.
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Mejia, Jorge. "The Teacher’s Hunch and its Foundations: A Case for Epistemological Awareness in Architectural Education". In 2019 ACSA Teachers Conference. ACSA Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.teach.2019.37.
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Certainty, opinion throughout faculties and schools of architecture, teachers and students engaged in conventional education exchange an enormous amount of information, in a process intended to provide the latter with the skills required to become independent professionals. While part of the exchanged information can be recognized as clearly fitting within that formative goal, it is not uncommon for tutors to also suggest possible lines of inquiry that might sometimes seem arbitrary. Rather than taking those apparently incoherent indications for confusing or diversionary, I am convinced that they play a key role, not only in the education of the architect, but – most importantly – in the development of the architectural profession as a whole. In order to recognize the origin, importance and value of the architecture teacher’s hunch, in the following pages I will make a case for epistemological awareness as a sine qua non for the teacher’s hunch to become a productive source of professional knowledge. Without that awareness, what are taken for hunches might indeed be interpreted as whimsical, mysterious and fundamentally inoperative information.
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Hettiarachchi, A. A., e W. M. D. L. Wijethunge. "Impact of nature connectedness in reducing depression, anxiety and stress of working community during Covid - 19 pandemic Insights from IT Sector in Colombo, Sri Lanka". In Independence and interdependence of sustainable spaces. Faculty of Architecture Research Unit, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/faru.2022.18.
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Professionals in the IT sector are subjected to many stressors leading to an array of mental imbalances and disorders. Nature deprivation: lack of connectedness to nature amidst their busy task oriented, accuracy related stressful work schedules can be highlighted as a significant factor causing poor mental health. In view of this, the current investigation focuses on inquiring the impact of ‘Work From Home’ (WFH) scenario on depression, anxiety, and stress levels of the IT sector employees during pandemic with special reference to their level of exposure to nature. A sample of Software Engineers who were working from office before pandemic (n=35) based in Colombo, Sri Lanka were examined in this investigation via a mixed method. DASS 21 self-report scale was adopted to record the perceived depression, stress, and anxiety levels of participants both before the pandemic when Working from Office (WFO) and during the pandemic once shifted to WFH scenario. A questionnaire survey designed by the author was executed to record the participants level of connectedness to nature during WFO scenario and during pandemic when WFH at his/her own workstation. It was observed that the number of participants having depression, anxiety, and stress in different levels (45%, 52%, 45% respectively) during WFO with less nature connectedness (46%) has significantly reduced during WFH scenario (30%,34%, 16% respectively) with increased nature connectedness (74%). Increasing the possibility to create more connections with nature by participants during WFH set up can be identified as a significant variable in reducing their depression, anxiety, and stress levels. The findings of this study sheds light on actions that organizations can take to lessen the negative impact of techno-stressors on mental well-being of workers in the IT industry.
Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Independent professions"
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Hudson, J. A., J. P. Long e M. M. Miller. Location Independent Professional Project: A Pilot Study. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), fevereiro de 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/3863.
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Davis, Cathlyn. Summative Evaluation: UFERN Framework Professional Learning Community. Oregon State University, março de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5399/osu/1153.
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The UFERN Framework Professional Learning Community project was funded as a supplement to the existing NSF-funded Undergraduate Field Experiences Research Network (UFERN), which sought to build a vibrant, supportive, and sustainable collaborative network that fostered effective undergraduate field experiences. The goals of the UFERN Framework Professional Learning Community (PLC) supplement were: • To support a small group of field educators in intentional design, implementation and assessment of student-centered undergraduate field experiences in a range of field learning contexts; • To develop effective strategies for supporting undergraduate field educators in using the UFERN Framework as an aid for designing, implementing, and assessing student-centered undergraduate field experience programs; • To assemble vignettes featuring applications of the UFERN Framework in a range of program contexts; and • To expand the community of field educators interested in designing, implementing, and assessing student-centered undergraduate field learning experiences. Sixteen educators participated in the PLC, which targeted participants who taught and facilitated a range of undergraduate field experiences (UFEs) that varied in terms of setting, timing, focus and student population. Due to the COVID pandemic, the originally-planned three-month intensive training took place over nine months (January to October 2021). It consisted of seven video conference sessions (via Zoom) with presentations and homework assignments. It included independent work, as well as guided group discussions with project leaders and other participants, which were supported by online collaborative tools.
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Orning, Tanja. Professional identities in progress – developing personal artistic trajectories. Norges Musikkhøgskole, agosto de 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22501/nmh-ar.544616.
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We have seen drastic changes in the music profession during the last 20 years, and consequently an increase of new professional opportunities, roles and identities. We can see elements of a collective identity in classically trained musicians who from childhood have been introduced to centuries old, institutionalized traditions around the performers’ role and the work-concept. Respect for the composer and his work can lead to a fear of failure and a perfectionist value system that permeates the classical music. We have to question whether music education has become a ready-made prototype of certain trajectories, with a predictable outcome represented by more or less generic types of musicians who interchangeably are able play the same, limited canonized repertoire, in more or less the same way. Where is the resistance and obstacles, the detours and the unique and fearless individual choices? It is a paradox that within the traditional master-student model, the student is told how to think, play and relate to established truths, while a sustainable musical career is based upon questioning the very same things. A fundamental principle of an independent musical career is to develop a capacity for critical reflection and a healthy opposition towards uncontested truths. However, the unison demands for modernization of institutions and their role cannot be solved with a quick fix, we must look at who we are and who we have been to look at who we can become. Central here is the question of how the music students perceive their own identity and role. To make the leap from a traditional instrumentalist role to an artist /curator role requires commitment in an entirely different way. In this article, I will examine question of identity - how identity may be constituted through musical and educational experiences. The article will discuss why identity work is a key area in the development of a sustainable music career and it will investigate how we can approach this and suggest some possible ways in this work. We shall see how identity work can be about unfolding possible future selves (Marcus & Nurius, 1986), develop and evolve one’s own personal journey and narrative. Central is how identity develops linguistically by seeing other possibilities: "identity is formed out of the discourses - in the broadest sense - that are available to us ..." (Ruud, 2013). The question is: How can higher music education (HME) facilitate students in their identity work in the process of constructing their professional identities? I draw on my own experience as a classically educated musician in the discussion.
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Boda, Phillip, e Steven McGee. Supporting Teachers for Computer Science Reform: Lessons from over 20,000 Students in Chicago. The Learning Partnership, fevereiro de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51420/brief.2021.1.
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As K12 computer science education is expanding nationwide, school districts are challenged to find qualified computer science teachers. It will take many years for schools of education to produce a sufficient number of certified computer science teachers to meet the demand. In the interim courses like Exploring Computer Science (ECS) can fill the gap. ECS is designed to provide a robust introduction to computer science and the accompanying professional development is structured such that a college level understanding of computer science is not required. This brief summarizes research with 20,000 Chicago Public Schools high school students and their teachers to test the claim that the ECS professional development can provide an adequate preparation for teaching ECS. The results provide strong evidence that full completion of the ECS professional development program by teachers from any discipline leads to much higher student outcomes, independent of whether a teacher is certified in computer science.
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Савченко, Лариса Олексіївна. Characteristic of the future specialists professional preparation to the quality educational assessment. Педагогічна думка, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/0564/365.
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To consider the characteristics of the levels of formation of professional readiness of future specialists to pedagogical diagnostics of quality of education. Diagnostics of levels of formation of professional training of future teachers is realized through a number of research methods: observation, testing, interview, analysis of the results. The basis of the diagnostic systems research on three-level assessment scale, supplemented by «high level», which allows to adapt to local conditions and to enrich the features of a particular region. Analysis of modern works on the organization of control of educational achievements of students; the log books of progress and attendance of students in classes, conversations with teachers and our own observations have proved that in educational practice there are different models of the organization of control of educational achievements of students in pedagogical disciplines and professional subject training, validation should be carried out using various schemes and scales of evaluation present different approaches to the calculation of rating of students (in some cases even within the same University) and others. The analysis proved that the existing complex control tasks and tasks for independent work is only seventy percent of jobs differentiated by professional orientation, the rest of the job for the overall development of pedagogical competence of students. In our opinion, well developed task, that is, those that consist mainly of problems of professional and pedagogical orientation that enhance future teachers ‘ motivation to learn pedagogical disciplines. The quality of education becomes the main reference point that determines the credibility and competitiveness of educational institutions on regional, national level and international arena.
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Braslavskaya, Elena, e Tatyana Pavlova. English for IT-Specialists. SIB-Expertise, junho de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/er0464.21062021.
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The course is designed in the e-learning environment LMS MOODLE AND INTENDED FOR REMOTE SUPPORT of the 2d-year students' INDEPENDENT WORK IN THE DISCIPLINE «ENGLISH language» of the institute of radio electronics and information security and the Institute of Information Technology and Management in technical systems in Sevsu. The aim of the course is the bachelor training, who can speak foreign language in various situations of interpersonal and professional communication at the level of at least B1+ according to the international scale EVALUATION; IMPROVING THE INITIAL FOREIGN LANGUAGE level reached at previous levels of education; mastering of the necessary and sufficient level of competence FOR SOLVING SOCIO-COMMUNICATIVE TASKS IN VARIOUS spheres OF PROFESSIONAL AND SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES WHEN COMMUNICATING WITH FOREIGN PARTNERS; FURTHER SELF-EDUCATION.
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Volikova, Maryna M., Tetiana S. Armash, Yuliia V. Yechkalo e Vladimir I. Zaselskiy. Practical use of cloud services for organization of future specialists professional training. [б. в.], setembro de 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3269.
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The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the practical use of cloud services for the organization of qualitative professional training of future specialists. It is established that in order to implement state policy, there is an essential need for using various ICT, in particular cloud services, which are not only economically acceptable in the new educational environment, but also a powerful tools of obtaining new knowledge, skills and abilities. The advantages and disadvantages of using cloud services in the educational process of higher education are substantiated; the examples discuss the methods of using cloud services in the process of studying fundamental disciplines. The object of the study is the professional training of students in higher education institutions. The subject of research is the process of organizing professional training of future specialists with the use of cloud services. To achieve the set goals, a set of general scientific (analysis, synthesis, comparison) and specific scientific (bibliographic, problem-based) was used. Observation and conversation manipulation allowed to highlight the advantages and disadvantages of using cloud services and draw conclusions from the problem under investigation. The foreign experience of using cloud services has been researched and the features of the application of traditional and distance technology training abroad have been determined. It describes the use of the blog as a media-educational technology during the advent of pedagogical practice. The methods of using cloud-based services on the example of creation of a distance course “Linear algebra and analytic geometry” are considered. The prospects of research, which consist in getting acquainted with cloud technologies of the humanitarian profile future specialists at the second higher education, are determined. It has been established that the practical application of cloud technologies in the educational process will promote more qualitative and progressive learning; the formation of a close interaction between the teacher and student; development of professional skills and abilities of independent work.
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Sergeev, Alexander, Nikolay Litusov, Ekaterina Voroshilina, Alexey Kozlov, Yulia Grigoryeva, Danila Zornikov, Vasily Petrov et al. Electronic educational resource Microbiology, virology and immunology. SIB-Expertise, janeiro de 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/er0769.29012024.
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"The electronic educational resource has been prepared as information support for the independent work of students, residents and graduate students mastering the main educational programs of higher professional education of the enlarged group of specialties Healthcare, developed on the basis of the Federal State Educational Standards of Higher Education and Professional Standards and providing for the formation of knowledge in microbiology and virology and immunology. The electronic educational resource provides information on the morphology, physiology, genetics, ecology of microorganisms, the basics of infectology and the epidemiology of infectious diseases. Each section is accompanied by control questions and practice tests. The manual contains extensive illustrative material that contributes to the assimilation of the issues under study. The electronic educational resource will help in the work of students, residents and graduate students both directly in practical classes and in preparation for classes, tests and exams."
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Rudyk, Myroslava. JOURNALISM STANDARDS AND BLOGGING: PROFESSIONAL PRINCIPLES OF WORKING WITH INFORMATION IN THE BLOGOSPHERE. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, fevereiro de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2022.51.11398.
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The article is devoted to the study of journalistic standards in the blogosphere, i.e. the extent to which bloggers adhere to professional principles in their work with information. The popularity of the blogosphere has spread not only to journalists but also to influential people, as well as amateur bloggers, who have created their own platforms to distribute useful or entertaining content. However, not all bloggers work on a professional basis, which creates many opportunities to spread misinformation and manipulate consciousness. Standard approaches to working with information, which have historically been developed in journalism, help to avoid hassles, create professional principles, which ultimately distinguishes journalism from amateur media. In total, researchers distinguish 6 standards of journalism: accuracy, promptness, reliability, completeness of information, the balance of opinions, separation of facts from comments. In the modern world, the approach to defining the concept of “media” has changed significantly. At one time, only professional communicators and traditional media could apply for this status. However, with the development of democratic processes, pluralism of opinion, mass internetization, globalization, and the spread of information beyond the borders of a particular country or locality, alternative sources of information began to appear. Domestic processes of media privatization and oligarchization also contributed to this, when the media became not only repeaters of information, but also a component of the media business and big politics, thus losing the trust of the audience. That is why the popularity of bloggers as independent communicators, opinion leaders, experts in various fields has grown. This was facilitated by the rapid development of information technology, the ability to quickly transmit information of any content, as well as no need for professional training in the field of media. The popularity of the blogosphere is due to the fact that with the new role of a blogger, everyone is given the opportunity to communicate publicly through the use of previously unknown and inaccessible tools. As for professional standards of working with information, bloggers mostly lack the reliability of the information, the balance of opinions and judgments, the separation of facts from comments. And the subjective author’s position is an advantage, giving the blogger an individual way of self-expression.
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McGee, Steven, Ronald I. Greenberg, Lucia Dettori, Andrew M. Rasmussen, Randi Mcgee-Tekula, Jennifer Duck e Erica Wheeler. An Examination of Factors Correlating with Course Failure in a High School Computer Science Course. The Learning Partnership, agosto de 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.51420/report.2018.1.
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Across the United States, enrollment in high school computer science (CS) courses is increasing. These increases, however, are not spread evenly across race and gender. CS remains largely an elective class, and fewer than three-fourths of the states allow it to count towards graduation. The Chicago Public Schools has sought to ensure access for all students by recently enacting computer science as a high school graduation requirement. The primary class that fulfills the graduation requirement is Exploring Computer Science (ECS), a high school introductory course and professional development program designed to foster deep engagement through equitable inquiry around CS concepts. The number of students taking CS in the district increased significantly and these increases are distributed equitably across demographic characteristics. With ECS serving as a core class, it becomes critical to ensure success for all students independent of demographic characteristics, as success in the course directly affects a student’s ability to graduate from high school. In this paper, we examine the factors that correlate with student failure in the course. At the student level, attendance and prior general academic performance correlate with passing the class. After controlling for student characteristics, whether or not teachers participated in the professional development program associated with ECS correlates with student success in passing the course. These results provide evidence for the importance of engaging teachers in professional development, in conjunction with requiring a course specifically designed to provide an equitable computer science experience, in order to broaden participation in computing.