Bibliografias temáticas / Inc New Castle Products

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Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Inc New Castle Products"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 25 de julho de 2024

Última modificação: 31 de julho de 2024

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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Inc New Castle Products"

Santone, Lenore, e Joel D. Irish. "Buried in Haste: Historic Interments from Governors Island, New York". North American Archaeologist 18, n.º 1 (julho de 1997): 19–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/jwmu-neah-wn7g-b6n7.

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Data recovery investigations conducted by Louis Berger & Associates, Inc. at the U.S. Coast Guard Support Center, Governors Island, New York, recovered evidence of a heretofore undocumented late-18th to early-19th century cemetery outside of Castle Williams. Subsurface investigations were conducted to address questions related to the nature, context, and extent of human remains encountered during the excavation of an electrical utility trench in the northwest section of the island. A total of six human burials was recovered from within burial shafts manifest through soil color differences. On the basis of the archaeological, osteological, and paleopathological analysis, we concluded that the individuals interred outside of Castle Williams represent late-18th or early-19th century Colonial-born, Caucasoid males probably stationed on the island as enlisted military personnel.

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Kaye, Steve. "New Product Development". New England Journal of Entrepreneurship 3, n.º 1 (1 de março de 2000): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/neje-03-01-2000-b002.

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Synowiec, Andrzej. "Jagielnica castle – from a stronghold to an industrial plant". Roczniki Administracji i Prawa 2, n.º XIX (31 de dezembro de 2019): 277–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0444.

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This paper presents the history and significance of Jagielnica Castle (more specifically, it is located in the village of Nagórzanka, near Jagielnica) mainly during the period when it served the Polish tobacco industry. The early days of the stronghold, which was built on a hill, date back to the 16th century. Throughout the centuries the fortunes of the castle changed. After restoration in the 18th century, it became the main residence of the Lanckoroński family. In 1817 the castle became a property of the Austrian government. A factory and a warehouse for tobacco and tobacco products were established there. During World War I the castle complex was destroyed. After war it was taken over by the Polish Tobacco Monopoly. After the old buildings were rebuilt and new ones were constructed, it became the seat of the Tobacco Cultivation Plant PTM in Jagielnica. After World War II the tobacco plant still operated, but it was in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic. In the early 21st century it was privatized. Today there are efforts to establish a tourist and leisure centre in the castle, taking into account the protection of cultural heritage

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Amsbaugh, Pamela, e Dennis A. Pitta. "New product introduction at TyRx Pharma, Inc." Journal of Product & Brand Management 15, n.º 7 (1 de dezembro de 2006): 468–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10610420610712865.

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Purpose – To describe a practice that has implications for new product introduction within and outside the medical products industry. Design/methodology/approach – The case describes a systems approach to new product introduction that includes a number of non‐marketing factors. The organization's original name has been retained. One of the authors is an executive with the company and used both internal and publicly available data to write the case study. Findings – The case provides information and a solid action approach to new product launch. The subject company designed a comprehensive launch strategy that involved new product modification as well as selection of appropriate price and distribution strategies. The results offer direct implications for new product development teams in the drug and medical implements industries. Research limitations/implications – As in all case studies, the specific conditions found in one organization may not be found more generally in others. Readers are cautioned that the conclusions drawn in the case may have limited applicability. Practical implications – The case depicts a professional implementation of a new product launch. Other organizations may find the technique of value in their own efforts. Originality/value – The case is a unique implementation of a new product launch strategy that has a comprehensive foundation. It offers lessons that may be applied to other companies faced with similarly competitive, regulatory and technological environments.

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Cao, Zhiyuan. "Financial Analysis and Valuation on Tesla, Inc." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 42, n.º 1 (10 de novembro de 2023): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/42/20232111.

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Tesla, the frontrunner in the new energy industry for the past decade, operates primarily in clean energy sectors such as electric vehicles and solar energy storage batteries. However, as the new energy market expands, Tesla faces increased competition and industry challenges. This paper analyzes Tesla's current competitive position by examining three key aspects: im-portant accounting policies, financial indicator analysis, and future profitability forecasts, focusing on the company's financial performance in 2022. The findings reveal that Tesla's competitive advantage lies primarily in its significant market share in the global new energy vehicle market. To sustain its exceptional financial performance, Tesla should promptly in-troduce new products to meet growing demand. This study emphasizes the need for Tesla to refine accounting policies to ensure transparency and compliance. Additionally, a careful analysis of financial indicators will enable the company to identify areas for improvement and make informed strategic decisions. Looking ahead, the paper underscores the im-portance of Tesla's future profitability, urging the company to capitalize on market trends and diversify its product offerings. In conclusion, this paper provides a comprehensive eval-uation of Tesla's competitive ability in the new energy industry. To maintain its leadership position, Tesla must adapt to the evolving market dynamics by refining accounting practices, monitoring financial indicators, and introducing new products to meet consumer demand.

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Murray, Lynn M., e Arthur K. Fischer. "Staffing A New Sales Force: A Human Resource Management Case Study". Journal of Business Case Studies (JBCS) 7, n.º 4 (24 de junho de 2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jbcs.v7i4.4681.

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An HRM case used to encourage student thought and discussion concerning staffing and management of a new sales force. Midwest Education, Inc.: A Human Resource Management Case is used to exemplify many of the human resource problems encountered in a typical organization. It provides history and background of the company, Midwest Education, Inc. (which is closely modeled after a major developer and supplier of educational materials). With this background, the case presents the staffing issues which arise as the company seeks to change from using manufacturers representative firms to sell their products to having an in-house sales force.

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Blake, Robin, e Marcus Meadows-Smith. "Interview with Marcus Meadows-Smith, CEO Bioconsortia Inc." Outlooks on Pest Management 33, n.º 4 (1 de agosto de 2022): 156–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1564/v33_aug_08.

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BioConsortia is an innovative microbial company developing consortia for improving plant traits and increasing crop yields. The company has a revolutionary R&D technology platform, Advanced Microbial Selection (AMS), which uses directed selection to identify teams of microbes that influence the expression of beneficial traits in crops. We are developing highly effective multi-microbe solutions with superior efficacy and consistency compared to conventional products. BioConsortia was established in 2014 as the parent company to New Zealand based subsidiary, BioDiscovery Limited. BioDiscovery was founded in 1994 in New Zealand and specialized in the discovery and development of natural microbial products. In 2009, BioDiscovery made a breakthrough discovery in the conception of the AMS process. Shortly afterwards, Khosla Ventures invested in the company as they focused on perfecting the innovative R&D platform. In 2014, the decision was made to globalize as BioConsortia, raising $15 million from Khosla Ventures and Otter Capital, and establishing the headquarters and labs in Davis, California, USA. BioConsortia now has over 45 scientists, including over a dozen at PhD level, and are spending over $10 million per year on R&D activities.

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Nayak, Savita N. "Google Products for Enhancing Library Services". Asian Journal of Information Science and Technology 7, n.º 2 (5 de novembro de 2017): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajist-2017.7.2.151.

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In this knowledge era, we come across amazing list of new application which ease and enhance the quality of services provided by library and Information Centre. It is said that Knowledge about availability of Knowledge is best Knowledge. Knowledge about Google products plays a vital role in improving the effectiveness of library and its services. The paper presents the overview of Google Inc., about their journey to be in number one position in this web world. It also briefs about Timeline of Google products, services, and acquisitions, Competitive threats to Google and categorisation of Google products. It also explains how these products can be utilised in enhancing library services.

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Wagstaff, Robert B., David J. Lloyd e Todd F. Bischoff. "Direct Chill Casting of CLAD Ingot". Materials Science Forum 519-521 (julho de 2006): 1809–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.519-521.1809.

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Novelis Inc. recently released its first new innovative technology which opens new opportunities in the clad aluminum product marketplace, where a combination of mechanical and physical properties can be obtained which are superior to the monolithic material alone. Clad aerospace and brazing products are well known commercial products which are provided by commercial roll bonding processes, but which can now be produced with the new Novelis technology. This paper discusses the new technology, e.g., the casting, fabrication, the properties of clad sheet are reported and it is established that the clad-core interface is comprised of a high strength, oxide free zone. This technology enables a new family of clad products with clad/core combinations which cannot be produced by the conventional roll bonding process.

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Fiala, Jan, Miroslav Lapka, Jan Fiala jun e Milan Mikolas. "Mining processes of brick products in the Czech Republic". E3S Web of Conferences 168 (2020): 00007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016800007.

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First technological process, which ceramic producers of ceramic products use for their future ceramic product is mining process. Mining methods, Transport methods and processing methods are basic technological processes. The process of drying, firing and shaping of brick products are specific. Babylonian gardens, Hagia Sofia, are one of the most beautiful churches that has ever been built. The great Wall of China, medieval castle Malbork from northern Poland not far from Gdansk`s bay which resembles small town, Skyscraper Chrysler Building in New York are the outstanding brick creations in the world. All of these buildings have one thing in common and that is material from which they were built. The material is brick, one of the simplest, the most beautiful, the most universal and the oldest building product which is known for moreover than 10 000 years [1]. Brick association of Czech and Moravia, nowadays unites 6 regular members with 19 plants where are created fired building materials. Furthermore it unites 7 associated members who ensure various services for brickmakers and 7 honorary members. Producers, members of brick association represent 92 % of Mason material capacity in the Czech Republic and 100 % of fired roofing tile capacity.

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Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Inc New Castle Products"

Shih, Wen-ying Claire. "Investigation of the competitiveness of a textile and apparel manufacturer : a case study in Taiwan". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/investigation-of-the-competitiveness-of-a-textile-and-apparel-manufacturer-a-case-study-in-taiwan(7ebf2557-7cc2-4cb5-bfb9-88b5ad53ac50).html.

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Given the severe global competition and the manufacturing challenges, retaining competitiveness in the textile and apparel (T&A) industries has become crucial for manufacturers. To achieve this, although historically manufacturers have been regarded as mainly production orientated, a number of them have occupied a primary intermediary position by applying the mechanisms of industrial upgrading and instituting new product development (NPD) in their businesses together with the synergy of alliances and networks. This has enabled the manufacturers to provide various products and services to international buyers. The Taiwanese T&A manufacturers can serve as a good example. They have managed to retain their competitiveness in the global industry for the last half century by continuously evolving their businesses and acquiring extensive capabilities. To achieve competitiveness in the T&A sectors, strategic planning that can lead to competitive advantages is required. NPD has emerged as a source of business competitiveness and its success determinants can lead to competitive advantages. Supply management, particularly partnering relationships, is crucial to manufacturers’ competitive advantage, since no single firm can possess all the necessary resources and capabilities. Against this background, this study has constructed a research framework, in line with the resource-based view (RBV) and transaction cost theory (TCT), in order to explore how competitive advantages can be achieved, which can lead to manufacturers’ competitiveness. An in-depth case study of a representative Taiwanese manufacturer has been employed and examined. The selected Taiwanese T&A manufacturer has acquired resources, various (dynamic) capabilities and knowledge through its NPD process, resulting in core competences and sources for competitive advantages. It has become a lead firm in its supply chain/network, deploying a variety of partnering relationships in order to conduct NPD activities strategically, and has vertically integrated T&A NPD. This has allowed it to provide an increasing variety of new products and services, in order to serve a wider range of customers, thus continuously acquiring business opportunities in dynamic markets. This study has found that the manufacturers in the T&A industries can adopt more proactive strategic modes in NPD activities, to enhance NPD outcomes and their relationships with buyers. It is important for manufacturers to acquire crucial and complementary resources/capabilities through strategic networks, developing alliances to strategically plan and implement NPD. Operational relationships need not only to be viewed in relation to their immediate cost reduction benefits, but also to be extended to longer-term collaborations, in order to achieve competitive advantage deriving from evolving products and cost benefits based on a holistic and strategic view of the business.

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Ampudia, Serrano Ricardo. "Innovation management in high-tech SMEs' new product development process : a case of small-medium wind turbines". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/innovation-management-in-hightech-smesa-new-product-development-process-a-case-of-smallmedium-wind-turbines(d9bab4fa-1bdd-427b-ad43-5ecb551c8943).html.

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aFor many years innovation has been an integral part of improvements to products and services. Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) have been known as innovation generators, and their importance is paramount for the growth of economy. And yet despite their great importance, there is still a lack of understanding about how SMEs and High-tech SMEs (HTSMEs) with complex products conduct their management of innovation of New Product Development (NPD). Therefore, the purpose of this study is to provide a foundation for addressing the suggested gaps in the literature and to show that further research is needed in innovation management of NPD and how it is connected to HTSMEs. Renewable energy wind turbine sources and the potential growth they represent for SMEs was a factor in choosing this sector as the subject of this research. HTSMEs with creative ideas and innovations of complex products need to adequately manage product development. This recognises the organisation's practices and processes during NPD and the need for innovation management (IM) as a part of an organisation's capabilities in order to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage (SCA). The aim of this thesis is to explore and validate a major qualitative abductive methodology from the findings of 21 High-tech Small Medium Enterprises management in relation to complex wind turbine invention-innovation (creative destruction) practices and processes during the NPD. Analysis, synthesis, and conclusions from the findings of this study are interpreted and discussed in the context of the definition, concepts, characteristics, theoretical, and conceptual framework. Finally, implications for managerial practice offer a deeper understanding of how HTSME manage innovation practices and processes occur during NPD building a superior product and recommendations for further research that can be valuable to academics, practitioners, and other researchers who are seeking ideas for research topics are presented and discussed.

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King, Sophie. "Can NGOs cultivate supportive conditions for social democratic development? : the case of a research and development NGO in Western Uganda". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/can-ngos-cultivate-supportive-conditions-for-social-democratic-development-the-case-of-a-research-and-development-ngo-in-western-uganda(2c611672-a7f5-40a8-97f8-2df5298a6df9).html.

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There is an emergent consensus that the ‘poverty reduction through good governance’ agenda has failed to meet expectations. The capacity of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) to cultivate the political economies and state-society synergies that might be supportive of more pro-poor development trajectories is contested. Advocates of inclusive liberalism identify increased political space for NGOs focused on popular empowerment and policy influence within the participatory spaces created by the good governance agenda. More radical critiques cast NGOs as apolitical brokers of neo-liberal development resources which distract from or are disinterested in more fundamental questions of redistribution. This thesis explores the potential for Ugandan NGOs to cultivate supportive conditions for a more redistributive development process amidst a semi-authoritarian, patronage-based, political regime and within a predominantly agrarian economy, using the lens of a single case study organisation situated in the Western region of the country. The findings suggest Ugandan NGOs should move beyond strategies associated with inclusive liberal governance towards a closer engagement with the politics and political economy of progressive change. Micro-enterprise and economic associational development emerge as more effective enhancers of political capabilities among the poor than strategies aimed solely at promoting inclusive liberal participation because they can tackle the socio-economic power relations that curb political agency in such contexts, and begin to undermine patronage-politics. In contrast, strategies for enhanced inclusive liberal participation engage with the formal de jure rules of the game in ways that either sidestep or re-enforce the de-facto patronage-based political system and fail to tackle the power relations that perpetuate ineffective forms of governance. Creating new cross-class deliberative spaces which engage with grass roots perspectives, can facilitate the emergence of new ways of thinking that promote a more pro-poor orientation among development stakeholders. Triangulation of qualitative primary data and relevant literature leads to the overarching conclusion that NGOs operating in such contexts are more likely to enhance the political capabilities of disadvantaged groups by adhering to a principle of self-determination. This focuses energy and resources on non-directive facilitative support to disadvantaged groups. This enables them to a) make socio-economic progress; b) become (better) organised; c) develop the necessary skills and knowledge to advance their interests; and d) cultivate opportunities for direct engagement with power holders and decision-makers. This approach requires a high level of what the thesis terms ‘NGO political capacity’ and a far more open-ended and programmatic approach to the provision of development aid than currently prevails.

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Lin, Fong-Lung, e 林豐隆. "The Stwdy of the lvaluation Model of the New Products Before the Mass Production Stage-the Case Study of Rape in Rich Life Technologies Inc.-". Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57920147111376974787.

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Livros sobre o assunto "Inc New Castle Products"

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health., ed. Hayward Pool Products, Inc., Elizabeth, New Jersey. [Atlanta, Ga.?]: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 1994.

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Canada, Innovation, ed. 1989 proceedings of Innovation Canada Inc. Mississauga, Ont: Innovation Canada, 1989.

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Bracken, Jeanne Munn. It all began with an apple: A history of New England Apple Products Co., Inc. Littleton, Mass: The Company, 1988.

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Bracken, Jeanne Munn. It all began with an apple: A history of Veryfine Products, Inc. 2^a ed. Westford, Mass: Veryfine, 1993.

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Bracken, Jeanne Munn. It all began with an apple: A history of Veryfine Products, Inc. 3^a ed. Westford, Mass: Veryfine, 1998.

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Health, New York (State) Center for Environmental. Public health assessment, Jackson Steel Products Inc, town of North Hempstead, Nassau County, New York. Troy, NY: The Center, Outreach and Education Unit, 2005.

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Window to the World Communications, WTTW (Television station : Chicago, Ill.) e Films for the Humanities (Firm), eds. Leadership in a fast-paced economy. Princeton, NJ: Films for the Humanities & Sciences, 2005.

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Insead, ed. Global innovation index 2009-10. [New Delhi: Confederation of Indian Industry], 2010.

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Lorah, Michelle M. Hydrogeologic characterization and assessment of bioremediation of chlorinated benzenes and benzene in wetland areas, standard chlorine of Delaware, inc. superfund site, New Castle County, Delaware, 2009-12. Reston, Virginia: U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2014.

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Cotton, Bob. E-innovation. Oxford, U.K: Capstone Pub., 2002.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Inc New Castle Products"

"New Product Development". In Case Studies in Food Product Development. CRC Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781439824191.pt1.

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Sharples, Niall. "Introduction". In Social Relations in Later Prehistory. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199577712.003.0005.

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This book covers the first millennium BC in central southern Britain, or Wessex, a period and an area of considerable importance in understanding the evolution of human society in north-west Europe. Wessex is one of the most intensively studied areas in European prehistory and has a rich and varied archaeological record that provides a finely textured view of a past society that is just beyond the reach of the historical sources. This book was begun a long time ago and has emerged due to a number of different stimuli. My first significant involvement with Wessex was as a result of my employment as Director of the English Heritage excavations at Maiden Castle in Dorset. During this period I lived in Dorset and became very familiar with the archaeology of this county and the neighbouring county of Wiltshire. The excavations were written up promptly (Sharples 1991a, 1991c) and I was also able to produce a couple of short papers (Sharples 1990b, 1991b) on related issues. These papers were part of a series of publications that came to define a new archaeological understanding of the Wrst millennium BC. They provide a context for the creation of this book that is worth exploring. In the middle of the 1980s, understanding of the Iron Age of Wessex was dominated by the views of Professor Cunlifie, which were widely disseminated in a range of publications, but most comprehensively in his book Iron Age Communities in Britain (Cunlifie 1991, 2005). He presented a picture of Iron Age society where dominant elites lived within hillforts and each hillfort controlled a clearly defined territory. These permanently occupied settlements acted as central places that absorbed cereals and animal products from dependent communities in the surrounding landscape and exchanged these basic foodstuffs for materials not available in the region. The communities in hillforts controlled contact with neighbouring territories and were closely tied to ports, through which Continental trade was channelled. As the Iron Age progressed, the territories become larger and the hillforts become fewer until distinct tribal units ruled by kings become recognizable in the Late Iron Age.

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Aghamkar, Atul Y. "West India". In Christianity in South and Central Asia, 131–42. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474439824.003.0012.

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West India, inclusive of Gujarat, Maharashtra and Goa, is the most urbanised and socio-religiously progressive part of India and constitutes 14.32% of its total population (2011). Christians can be traced back to the sixth century. The arrival of Vasco de Gama ushered in a new epoch of Roman Catholic mission in India. Protestant missionary work among the low castes challenged upper-caste reformers to combat social evils. Pentecostal and Charismatic groups, such as the New Life Fellowship, began to permeate the urban landscape in the late twentieth century. Today, the church in West India remains largely stagnant, often struggling with leadership and property issues. Converts hailing from both upper and lower castes contributed to produce liturgy written in the local dialects. With the emergence of Dalit theology, some West Indian theologians faded into the background, and engagement from a subaltern perspective dominated the theological scene. Religious fundamentalism continues to pose a threat to Christian evangelism. Despite unfavourable conditions in West India, Christians have been more involved in politics than before. In reality, most urban churches are growing because of rural–urban migration and not necessarily because of conversions.

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Mary e Richard Earle. "New Product Development: systematic industrial technology". In Case Studies in Food Product Development, 3–19. Elsevier, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9781845694135.1.3.

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Haruthaithanasan, Vichai, Thongchai Suwonsichon, Penkwan Chompreeda e Hathairat Rimkeeree. "Effective education for product development — building New Product Development courses". In Case Studies in Food Product Development. CRC Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781439824191.ch20.

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Haruthaithanasan, Vichai, Penkwan Chompreeda, Hathairat Rimkeeree e Thongchai Suwonsichon. "Effective education for product development – building New Product Development courses". In Case Studies in Food Product Development, 381–99. Elsevier, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9781845694135.7.381.

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Leazer, William, Marian Reijnen e Lucy Bottomley. "The Changing Role of the Vendor: Developing New Products and Services". In If We Build It: Scholarly Communications and Networking Technologies: Proceedings of the North American Serials Interest Group, Inc., 245–47. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003075271-42.

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Wilkinson, Brian, e John Palamountain. "From concept to international company — development of a new pet food product". In Case Studies in Food Product Development. CRC Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781439824191.ch7.

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Wilkinson, Brian, e John Palamountain. "From concept to international company – development of a new pet food product". In Case Studies in Food Product Development, 127–48. Elsevier, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9781845694135.3.127.

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Bogue, Joe, e Douglas Sorenson. "Consumer research in the early stages of New Product Development — market-oriented development of meal complement beverages". In Case Studies in Food Product Development. CRC Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781439824191.ch15.

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Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Inc New Castle Products"

Lin, Chun-Yu, e Gül Okudan. "Application of Dynamic State Variable Models for Multiple-Generation Product Lines With Cannibalization Across Generations". In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-71186.

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Developing multiple-generation of products has become a mainstream tactic in today’s markets. The most notable case is Apple Inc.’s huge success with its iPod, iPhone and iPad product lines. Multiple-generation product lines require carefully planned strategies. Under a multiple-generation product development strategy, companies introduce a line of products to the market instead of introducing a single product to better utilize technology assets and resources in an elongated time span. For such product development and launch scenarios, cannibalization can occur, however. That is, multiple product generations compete in the same market and partition the company’s market shares. In the paper, we propose a new framework to predict the sales and introduction timing for every product generation in a multiple-generation product line while considering cannibalization. We demonstrate a case study implementing the proposed framework on Apple Inc.’s iPhone product line. The results show that the forecast performance of the model matches the realized real data.

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Bruce, Graham D. "New Technology to Recycle and Rebuild Worn Polyurethane Pipeline Pigs". In 2000 3rd International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2000-171.

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SUNcast Polyurethanes Inc. has developed a proprietary process technology that makes it possible to rebuild worn Polyurethane (PU) discs, cups and solid cast pipeline pigs. The technology creates a completely secure bond between the virgin and cured cast elastomer PU enabling rebuilt parts to perform “as new”. This paper addresses the mechanical characteristics of the bond possible with this technology and offers the results of a case study on a successful program to rebuild over fifty 24″ solid cast pigs for a crude oil pipeline. Cast elastomer PU is an expensive thermoset polymer which has not been readily recyclable. SUNcast’s technology offers pipeline operators, contractors and inspection companies an opportunity to recycle what is now waste back into high performance pigging products at significant cost savings.

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Bond, Robert E., John L. Loth, Richard W. Guiler, Nigel N. Clark e Edward C. Heydorn. "Lubricity Problems and Solutions for a Methanol Fueled Gas Turbine". In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-2708.

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Abstract The Liquid Phase Methanol (LPMEOH™) process, which was developed by Air Products and Chemicals Inc. and sponsored by the United States Department of Energy, uses a slurry bubble column reactor to convert synthesis gas to methanol. In 1998, LPMOH™ “as produced” (about 98% purity) was used at West Virginia University to fuel a small (235 Hp) gas turbine. The objective was to demonstrate the viability of LPMEOH™ as a gas turbine fuel, identify and operational problems and obtain exhaust gas emissions samples using the WVU Mobile Emissions Laboratory. During these tests, the fuel system gear pump and rpm controller failed due to the lack of lubricity of the methanol fuel. To remedy this problem, a pint (over an order of magnitude larger than the recommended amount) of a commercially available fuel additive was dissolved in half a barrel of methanol, and the fuel controller/pump was replaced. The next series of runs produced a similar failure. This prompted the WVU team to search for a suitable methanol additive, which can provide lubricity equal or better than that of jet fuel. To minimize the amount and thus cost of such an additive, it was essential to accurately measure lubricity of methanol/additive solutions, at various concentration levels. Conventional lubricity measuring tests are based on measuring wear. When used with methanol, the data were erratic due to a changing wear pattern. To get repeatable steady data, a new lubricity test apparatus was developed, based on comparing friction coefficients, at a typical bearing design load. After many modifications this apparatus provided satisfactory and consistent results. A few percent castor oil or less than one percent of Two Cycle Blue, a racing fuel additive, produced a methanol lubricity in excess of that of jet fuel.

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Hoffenson, Steven, e Rikard Söderberg. "Policy and Demand as Drivers for Product Quality and Sustainability: A Market Systems Approach". In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-34368.

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The market is a complex system with many different stakeholders and interactions. A number of decisions within this system affect the design of new products, not only from design teams but also from consumers, producers, and policy-makers. Market systems studies have shown how profit-optimal producer decisions regarding product design and pricing can influence a number of different factors including the quality, environmental impact, production costs, and ultimately consumer demand for the product. This study models the ways that policies and consumer demand combine in a market systems framework to influence optimal product design and, in particular, product quality and environmental sustainability. Implementing this model for the design of a mobile phone case shows how different environmental impact assessment methods, levels of taxation, and factors introduced to the consumer decision-making process will influence producer profits and overall environmental impacts. This demonstrates how different types of policies might be evaluated for their effectiveness in achieving economic success for the producer and reduced environmental impacts for society, and a “win-win” scenario was uncovered in the case of the mobile phone.

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Kang, Sung woo, e Conrad S. Tucker. "Automated Mapping of Product Features Mined From Online Customer Reviews to Engineering Product Characteristics". In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-59772.

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Until now, translating product features expressed in the market into quantifiable engineering metrics has primarily been a manual process. This manual process establishes product features from large-scale customer feedback using a product’s components from large-scale design specifications. This process exacerbates the complexity and sheer amount of information that designers must handle during the early stages of new product development. The methodology proposed in this paper automatically identifies product features by mapping terms that describe product features from technical descriptions and customer reviews. In order to discover terms related to the features expressed in the market, the authors of this work employ WordNet and the PageRank algorithm, which search for semantically similar terms in products’ technical descriptions. A case study demonstrates the methodology’s viability for matching product features that are extracted from online customer reviews to the technical descriptions that address them.

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Qin, Feiwei, Hairui Xu, Weicheng Zhang, Lin Yuan, Ming Li, Yusheng Liu, Ying Liu e Yong Chen. "Voice of the Customer Oriented New Product Synthesis Over Knowledge Graphs". In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-85909.

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The online shopping has been much easier and popular, and meanwhile brings new challenges and opportunities to the field of product design and marketing sale. On one hand, product manufacturers find it challenging to produce new popularly accepted products to meet the customers’ needs; on the other hand, end customers usually feel it difficult to buy ideal goods that they really want, even if navigating a huge amount of commodities. There are indeed a ‘communication gap’ between the customers and manufacturers. As an effort to partially resolve the issue, this paper proposes a novel product synthesis approach from ‘voice of the customer’ over product knowledge graphs. Here the voice of customers mainly refer to the buyers’ product reviews from online shopping platforms or blogs, while the product knowledge graph is constructed containing professional hierarchical product knowledge on its properties based on ontological models. Using the technologies of natural language processing, we first extract the customs’ polarities on each specific aspect of a product, which are then transited to design requirements on the product’s design components. Based on the requirement extractions, and the pre-built product knowledge, semantic web and reasoning techniques are utilized to synthesize a novel product that meets more customer needs. Typical case studies on mobile phones from raw online data demonstrate the proposed approach’s performance.

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Byron, Bethany M., e Steven B. Shooter. "Case Study: User Adoption of a Product Configuration Management System at a Modular Playground Equipment Producer". In ASME 2006 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2006-99225.

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Product platform and product family strategies place tremendous demands on the efficient capture, storage, and retrieval of information in the form of product data. The user’s adoption of an information management system for product families and mass customization is critical for allowing the system to perform as it ought. The following is a case study at a major modular playground equipment producer undergoing the implementation of a new graphical-based configurator for managing its mass customized products. The case study examines the proliferation of software packages to perform configuration and the flow of information in the configuration process. Next, the new configurator is evaluated on its new features to capture, store, and reuse configurations and its visual appeal. Last, the paper addresses the personal behaviors and training methods used for increasing adoption and their success.

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Tao, Jing, e Suiran Yu. "Sustainable Product Family Planning Based on Product Life Cycle Simulation". In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-70585.

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Product variety and improvements are the most important issues of today’s product development. Product family engineering is considered to be an effective approach to create new products that apply variability with decreased costs and time. However, given the environmental considerations, this study proposed sustainable product family planning which is a systematic design framework of product function; structure and lifecycle options (i.e. reduce, reuse and recycle). First, relationships between the diverse customer needs, product’s technical attributes and physical architecture are analyzed. Based on the analysis, certain product family plan including a product model change plan, a general product structure model, technical specifications and lifecycle options of each product in the family are established. A life cycle simulation tool is then developed for 1) easy building of various production strategies, product use scenarios and market competition cases, etc.; and 2) environmental and economic evaluations of the product family plan. A case study of personal computers (PCs) product family planning demonstrates an implementation of the proposed methods.

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Choi, Keunho, e Kyoung-Yun Kim. "Functional Concept-Based Detection for Transformative Product Design". In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-47738.

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Cross-disciplinary technologies are noticeable phenomena in modern products, as found in renewable energy and electric vehicle industries. However, current conceptual design tools have been limited to respond these cross-disciplinary technology products. One of remarkable characteristics in this technology change is transforming an existing product with multiple cross-disciplinary technologies. This paper presents a new product design paradigm, called Transformative Product Design (TPD), to respond this phenomenon. In TPD, transformation is a design process to produce a new product (i.e., transformative product) from a base product by adding and/or converting functions/features with reference products or technologies. To accomplish the transformation process, this paper develops a new Functional Concept-based Detection method. Also, the proposed functional concept-based detection method is described with a case study in the context of transformative product design process.

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Nikolaev, Mikhail Y., e Clement Fortin. "A Literature Review of Design Decision Making in Disruptive Technological Innovations of New Products". In ASME 2020 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22093.

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Abstract This paper reviews the information available on specifics of the design decision-making process for the case of disruptive technological innovations associated with new products and systems. It defines the term “disruptive technological innovation,” provides with the explanation of decision-making methodology peculiarities for this type of innovation, and describes currently existing techniques and tools to support design decision making in case of disruptive technological innovations. The current paper relates to decision making in systems engineering and design, and therefore deals with the design decision making. The terms “disruptive technologies” and “disruptive innovations” appeared at the end of the 1990s. Researchers frequently mention disruptive innovations and technologies in the description of technical products for different industries: aircraft, automotive, food, petroleum, etc. A disruptive technological innovation is defined as a combination of disruptive technology and disruptive innovation. A new product can be relatively a simple device like an unmanned aerial vehicle and a smartphone, or a complex system like a modern aerospace vehicle or a space information network. Being an innovative developed product, it possesses peculiarities influencing the product development phase of the product lifecycle design decision-making process and accompanying supporting techniques and tools. This review investigates the specifics of design decision making of disruptive technologically innovative products that influence different stages of the product development phase in their product lifecycles. The paper combines aspects of systems engineering with innovation theory, key elements of the design of complex systems, and highlights the product development phase of the product lifecycle design decision-making process.

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Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Inc New Castle Products"

Evans, Julie, Kendra Sikes e Jamie Ratchford. Vegetation classification at Lake Mead National Recreation Area, Mojave National Preserve, Castle Mountains National Monument, and Death Valley National Park: Final report (Revised with Cost Estimate). National Park Service, outubro de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2279201.

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Vegetation inventory and mapping is a process to document the composition, distribution and abundance of vegetation types across the landscape. The National Park Service’s (NPS) Inventory and Monitoring (I&M) program has determined vegetation inventory and mapping to be an important resource for parks; it is one of 12 baseline inventories of natural resources to be completed for all 270 national parks within the NPS I&M program. The Mojave Desert Network Inventory & Monitoring (MOJN I&M) began its process of vegetation inventory in 2009 for four park units as follows: Lake Mead National Recreation Area (LAKE), Mojave National Preserve (MOJA), Castle Mountains National Monument (CAMO), and Death Valley National Park (DEVA). Mapping is a multi-step and multi-year process involving skills and interactions of several parties, including NPS, with a field ecology team, a classification team, and a mapping team. This process allows for compiling existing vegetation data, collecting new data to fill in gaps, and analyzing the data to develop a classification that then informs the mapping. The final products of this process include a vegetation classification, ecological descriptions and field keys of the vegetation types, and geospatial vegetation maps based on the classification. In this report, we present the narrative and results of the sampling and classification effort. In three other associated reports (Evens et al. 2020a, 2020b, 2020c) are the ecological descriptions and field keys. The resulting products of the vegetation mapping efforts are, or will be, presented in separate reports: mapping at LAKE was completed in 2016, mapping at MOJA and CAMO will be completed in 2020, and mapping at DEVA will occur in 2021. The California Native Plant Society (CNPS) and NatureServe, the classification team, have completed the vegetation classification for these four park units, with field keys and descriptions of the vegetation types developed at the alliance level per the U.S. National Vegetation Classification (USNVC). We have compiled approximately 9,000 existing and new vegetation data records into digital databases in Microsoft Access. The resulting classification and descriptions include approximately 105 alliances and landform types, and over 240 associations. CNPS also has assisted the mapping teams during map reconnaissance visits, follow-up on interpreting vegetation patterns, and general support for the geospatial vegetation maps being produced. A variety of alliances and associations occur in the four park units. Per park, the classification represents approximately 50 alliances at LAKE, 65 at MOJA and CAMO, and 85 at DEVA. Several riparian alliances or associations that are somewhat rare (ranked globally as G3) include shrublands of Pluchea sericea, meadow associations with Distichlis spicata and Juncus cooperi, and woodland associations of Salix laevigata and Prosopis pubescens along playas, streams, and springs. Other rare to somewhat rare types (G2 to G3) include shrubland stands with Eriogonum heermannii, Buddleja utahensis, Mortonia utahensis, and Salvia funerea on rocky calcareous slopes that occur sporadically in LAKE to MOJA and DEVA. Types that are globally rare (G1) include the associations of Swallenia alexandrae on sand dunes and Hecastocleis shockleyi on rocky calcareous slopes in DEVA. Two USNVC vegetation groups hold the highest number of alliances: 1) Warm Semi-Desert Shrub & Herb Dry Wash & Colluvial Slope Group (G541) has nine alliances, and 2) Mojave Mid-Elevation Mixed Desert Scrub Group (G296) has thirteen alliances. These two groups contribute significantly to the diversity of vegetation along alluvial washes and mid-elevation transition zones.

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Rycroft, Taylor, Sabrina Larkin, Alexander Ganin, Treye Thomas, Joanna Matheson, Tessa Van Grack, Xinrong Chen, Kenton Plourde, Alan Kennedy e Igor Linkov. A framework and pilot tool for the risk-based prioritization and grouping of nano-enabled consumer products. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), agosto de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41721.

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The use of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in consumer products has expanded rapidly, revealing both innovative improvements over conventional materials, and the potential for novel risks to human health and the environment. As the number of new nano-enabled products and the volume of toxicity data on ENMs continues to grow, regulatory agencies like the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) – a small, independent federal agency responsible for protecting consumers from unreasonable risks associated with product use – will require the ability to screen and group a diverse array of nano-enabled consumer products based on their potential risks to consumers. Such prioritization would allow efficient allocation of limited resources for subsequent testing and evaluation of high-risk products and materials. To enable this grouping and prioritization for further testing, we developed a framework that establishes a prioritization score by evaluating a nano-enabled product's potential hazard and exposure, as well as additional consideration of regulatory importance. We integrate the framework into a pilot version software tool and, using a hypothetical case study, we demonstrate that the tool can effectively rank nano-enabled consumer products and can be adjusted for use by agencies with different priorities. The proposed decision-analytical framework and pilot-version tool presented here could enable a regulatory agency like the CPSC to triage reported safety concerns more effectively and allocate limited resources more efficiently.

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Barrera, Victor, Alexis Villacis, Jeffrey Alwang e Luis Escudero. Open configuration options New Products, New Markets: Dragon Fruit in Ecuador. Inter-American Development Bank, janeiro de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003964.

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Expanding incomes in Asian countries and changes in fresh-fruit value chains have created an important niche for producers of dragon fruit. Ecuadorean producers have responded and taken advantage of these evolving opportunities and market dynamism. By customizing their products to the specific demands of target markets and complying with the standards imposed by modern buyers, Ecuadorian exporters of dragon fruit demonstrate how challenges related to and opportunities in agri-food markets evolution can be met. This study documents the development of the dragon fruit market in Ecuador, with a special emphasis on the analysis of its value chain. The study additionally identifies and analyzes the main drivers of the success of the production and exports of the fruit and examines the main challenges and needs for improved public policies to promote sustainable growth of the sector. Findings are complemented with interviews conducted with the principal actors in the Ecuadorian dragon fruit industry, as well as a case study that involves several relatively recently formed dragon fruit-producing companies in the Amazon region of the country.

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Slattery, Kevin, e Eliana Fu. Unsettled Issues in Additive Manufacturing and Improved Sustainability in the Mobility Industry. SAE International, julho de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2021015.

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Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as “3D printing,” is often touted as a sustainable technology, especially for metal components, since it produces either net or near-net shapes versus traditionally machined pieces from larger mill products. While traditional machining from mill products is often the case in aerospace, most of the metal parts used in the world are made from flat-rolled metal and are quite efficient in utilization. Additionally, some aspects of the AM value chain are often not accounted for when determining sustainability. Unsettled Issues in Additive Manufacturing and Improved Sustainability in the Mobility Industry uses a set of scenarios to compare the sustainability of parts made using additive and conventional technologies for both the present and future (2040) states of manufacturing.

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Villacis, Alexis, Victor Barrera, Jeffrey Alwang, Carlos Caicedo e James Quiroz. Strategies to strengthen Ecuador's high-value cacao value chain. Inter-American Development Bank, janeiro de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003960.

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Since the early nineteenth century, cacao has been an important export earner for Ecuador. Today the importance of this sector remains, as Ecuador is the main producer and exporter of Fine and Flavor cacao worldwide. Motivated by the main transformations of the global food systems and the increasing demand for multidimensional credence attributes, this study examines the present state of Ecuador's cacao industry, identifies areas of opportunity, and discusses how the private and public sectors can work together to meet existing and emerging challenges. Findings are supported by interviews conducted with the principal actors in the Ecuadorian cacao industry and two case studies. The first case study focuses on how associativity can help cacao farmers producing high-quality beans to differentiate themselves and succeed in modern agri-food markets. The second case study explores the success of a local chocolate firm and its links with local cacao farmers. Findings suggest that market trends have created new business opportunities for cacao producers and chocolate processors. These opportunities are most open to firms who can personalize and differentiate their products, for example, through the use of quality certifications such as organic, fair trade, reduced carbon load, etc. More importantly, market developments are driving exporters to enhance the performance of cacao value chains in the country, but the sector requires coordination to capture reputation and credence-based demands for the local cacao.

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Avis, William. Technical Aspects of e-Waste Management. Institute of Development Studies, março de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.051.

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Population growth, increasing prosperity and changing consumer habits globally are increasing demand for consumer electronics. Further to this, rapid changes in technology, falling prices, increased affordability and consumer appetite for new products have exacerbated e-waste management challenges and seen millions of tons of electronic devices become obsolete. This rapid literature review collates evidence from academic, policy focussed and grey literature on the technical aspects e-waste value chains. The report should be read in conjunction with two earlier reports on e-waste management1. E-waste is any electrical or electronic equipment, including all components, subassemblies and consumables, which are part of the equipment at the time the equipment becomes waste. The exact treatment of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) can vary enormously according to the category of WEEE and technology that is used. Electrical and electronic items contain a wide variety of materials. As a result of this complex mix of product types and materials, some of which are hazardous (including arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury and certain flame retardants) multiple approaches to WEEE are required, each with specific technical guidelines. This report is structured as follows: Section two provides an introduction to the technical aspects of e-waste management, including a reflection on the challenges and complexities of managing a range of product types involving a range of components and pollutants. Section three provides an annotated bibliography of key readings that discuss elements of the technical aspects of managing e-waste. This bibliography includes readings on national guidelines, training manuals and technical notes produced by the Basel convention and courses. WEEE recycling can be a complex and multifaced process. In order to manage e-waste effectively, the following must be in place Legislative and regulatory frameworks Waste Prevention and minimisation guidelines Identification of waste mechanisms Sampling, analysis and monitoring expertise Handling, collection, packaging, labelling, transportation and storage guidelines Environmentally sound disposal guidelines Management is further complicated by the speed of technological advance with technologies becoming redundant much sooner than initially planned. Case studies show that the average actual lifetimes of certain electronic products are at least 2.3 years shorter than either their designed or desired lifetimes.

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Sola, Martín, e Martín González Rozada. Towards a "New" Inflation Targeting Framework: The Case of Uruguay. Inter-American Development Bank, fevereiro de 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011621.

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Using a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model with financial frictions, this paper evaluates the effects of a rule that incorporates not only the interest rate but also the legal reserve requirements as instruments of monetary policy. It is found that reserve requirements can be used to achieve the Central Bank's inflation objectives. The use of this instrument, however, produces a real appreciation of the Uruguayan peso. When the Central Bank uses the monetary policy rate as an instrument, the effect of an increase in reserve requirements is to contribute to reducing the negative impact on consumption, investment and output. Nevertheless, the quantitative results in terms of inflation reduction are rather poor. The policy rate becomes more effective in reducing inflation when the reserve requirement instrument is solely directed at achieving financial stability. The paper's main policy conclusion is that a well-targeted non-conventional policy instrument can help to effectively control inflation.

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Schuck-Zöller, Susanne, Sebastian Bathiany, Markus Dressel, Juliane El Zohbi, Elke Keup-Thiel, Diana Rechid e Suhari Mirko. Developing criteria of successful processes in co-creative research. A formative evaluation scheme for climate services. Fteval - Austrian Platform for Research and Technology Policy Evaluation, abril de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22163/fteval.2022.541.

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Climate change and its socio-ecological impacts affect all sectors of society. To tackle the multiple risks of climate change the field of climate services evolved during the last decades. In this scientific field products to be applied in practice are developed in constant interaction between climate service providers and users. To judge the effectiveness of these co-creation endeavours, evaluation is crucial. At present, output and outcome assessments are conducted occasionally in this research field. However, the summative evaluation does not help to adjust the ongoing process of co-creation. Thus, our work focuses on the formative evaluation of co-creative development of science-based climate service products. As the first step, main characteristics of the product development process were identified empirically. Secondly, we determined the six sub- processes of climate service product development and related process steps. Thirdly, we selected the questions for the formative evaluation relevant to all the sub-processes and process-steps. Then, a literature review delivered the theoretical background for further work and revealed further quality aspects. These aspects from literature were brought together with our results from the empirical work. In the end, we created a new scheme of quality criteria and related assessment questions for the different sub-processes in climate services, based on both, empirical and theoretical work. As the authors take into account the process of co-production in a real-life case, the criteria and assessment questions proposed are operational and hands-on. The quality aspects refer to the five principles of applicability, theoretical and empirical foundation, professionalism, transparency of processes and the disclosure of preconditions. They are elaborated comprehensively in our study. The resulting formative evalu- ation scheme is novel in climate service science and practice and useful in improving the co-creation processes in climate services and beyond.

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Albanesi, Stefania, António Dias da Silva, Juan F. Jimeno, Ana Lamo e Alena Wabitsch. New technologies and jobs in Europe. Madrid: Banco de España, agosto de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/33414.

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We examine the link between labour market developments and new technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) and software in 16 European countries over the period 2011-2019. Using data for occupations at the 3-digit level in Europe, we find that on average employment shares have increased in occupations more exposed to AI. This is particularly the case for occupations with a relatively higher proportion of younger and skilled workers. This evidence is in line with the Skill-Biased Technological Change theory. While there is heterogeneity across countries, very few countries show a decline in the employment shares of occupations more exposed to AI-enabled automation. Country heterogeneity for this result appears to be linked to the pace of technology diffusion and education, but also to the level of product market regulation (competition) and employment protection laws. In contrast to the findings for employment, we find little evidence for any correlation between wages and potential exposures to new technologies.

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Navarro, Lucas, Roberto Alvarez e Claudio Bravo Ortega. Innovation, R&D Investment and Productivity in Chile. Inter-American Development Bank, outubro de 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011332.

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This paper uses two sources of information and different methodologies to analyze the causal effect of product and process innovation on productivity in the Chilean manufacturing industry during the past decade. In general, the evidence suggests there is not a contemporaneous effect of product innovation on productivity, but there is a positive effect of process innovation. This not significant effect of product innovation contrasts with evidence of studies for other countries. However, the results show the presence of lagged effects product innovation on productivity two years after innovation. Compared with the case of developed countries, this evidence might be consistent with a very slow process of -learning by doing- on the part of Chilean firms with regard to mastering new technologies. These slow and frequently uncertain gains in productivity could help to explain the low levels of investment in research and development (R and D) activities by Chilean firms.

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