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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Inc Lyon Metal Products"
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Barbut, S. "Frankfurters — acceptability under different retail lights". Canadian Journal of Animal Science 84, n.º 3 (1 de setembro de 2004): 391–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a03-098.
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Dark, medium, and light colour frankfurters (no-fat, low-fat, and regular fat level) were evaluated by panellists under incandescent (INC), fluorescent (FL), and metal halide (MH) light sources. INC illumination resulted in a higher colour preference (P < 0.05) for the medium and light products over that of the FL and MH illuminations; no significant difference was seen between FL and MH lighting. The panellists described the medium coloured frankfurters as pink under INC lighting, but more brown under FL and MH illumination. Relative luminance data, collected via a fibre optic probe connected to a photo diode array, demonstrated the reason to be the low red colour seen by the panellists under FL and MH light sources. For the dark colour frankfurters, there was no difference in colour preference scores among the three illumination sources. Key words: Colour, fat, frankfurters, light, meat, sausage, sensory, spectra
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Vereen, Endia. "Trademark Protection in Bankruptcy Proceedings: A Closer Look at Lubrizol and its Progeny". Pittsburgh Journal of Technology Law and Policy 15, n.º 1 (10 de fevereiro de 2015): 57–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/tlp.2014.156.
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When the worlds of bankruptcy and intellectual property licenses converge, licensees are placed in potentially dangerous positions. The seminal case on this issue, Lubrizol Enterprises, Inc. v. Richmond Metal Finishers, Inc., stands for the proposition that when a licensor rejects an intellectual property license as "executory," the licensee no longer has the right to rely on provisions within the agreement with the debtor for continued use of the technology. To countermand the negative effects of Lubrizol, Congress amended the Bankruptcy Code, but intentionally omitted trademarks from the definition of intellectual property. This omission has produced a string of conflicting case law, leaving trademark licensees in a precarious position with few options for recourse. This Note discusses the Intellectual Property Bankruptcy Protection Act and trademark protection specifically, and details the circuit split created by Sunbeam Products, Inc. v. Chicago American Manufacturing. This Note focuses on the implications of the circuit split, and concludes by providing some suggestions for how courts can resolve this issue in the future.
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QANBARLİ, Zeynab, Hamide AZİZBEYLİ, Matlab KHAMİYEV, Xayala SEİDOVA e Yeter BABASHOVA. "Molecular Modelling of Ionic Liquid Ligands based Zirconium Complexes for Ethylene Copolymerization with Octene-1". Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Sciences and Engineering 23, n.º 1 (1 de março de 2023): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.1124430.
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This paper presents the results of obtaining new easily preparing zirconium-containing complex catalytic systems for ethylene copolymerization and their theoretical studies. The synthesized arylimine metal complexes with “grafted” ionic-liquid ligands have been tested in the liquid-phase copolymerization process of ethylene in the aromatic solvents medium. It has been shown that the prepared catalytic systems can be used together with ionic liquids such as [bmim]BF4 and [bmim] HSO4. Using of organoaluminum compounds such as methylaluminiumoxane and (C2H5)2AlCl, these catalytic systems provide the formation of mixtures of the linear PE with high density, different thermodynamic characteristics, molecular mass distribution and crystallinity. It was found that these catalytic systems allow to control the structure and composition of the products obtained. It is known that in organometallic catalysis, ligands within a metal complexes play an important role in the formation of catalytic active centers. The nature of the catalytic centers also has a great influence on preparation of (co)polymers with various structures. Therefore, the choice of ligands is a very important factor for obtaining products with desired properties. The structural parameters of the synthesized catalytic systems were investigated using HyperChem software (version 8, Hypercube Inc.). Activation energy, dipole moment, bond angle, the bond length, the HOMO and LUMO orbitals have been calculated.
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Valenti, Michael. "The Proper Coat of Oil". Mechanical Engineering 122, n.º 01 (1 de janeiro de 2000): 62–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2000-jan-6.
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This article illustrates that controlling the lubricant spray keeps presses running cleaner and longer in die stamping shops. The MicroCoat system enabled Warwick, Rhode Island-based ETCO Inc.’s Engineered Products division to minimize oil mist in its press room, reduce maintenance downtime, improve the quality of finished parts, and increase the throughput of it. After installing MicroCoat on all 10 of its Bruderer presses, ETCO has increased the number of hits between sharpenings by 50 percent, or 500,000 strokes per press with much less tool damage. The 2.5-inch-high MicroCoat spray valves use low-volume, low-pressure air to apply die stamping lubricant in fine, even films without producing waste, mist, or overspray. The transparent reservoir of the MicroCoat System feeds metered amounts of lubricant to the compact spray valves mounted inside this Bruderer die press between the metal feed stock and the tool.
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Tenne, R. "Inorganic nanotubes and fullerene-like nanoparticles". Journal of Materials Research 21, n.º 11 (novembro de 2006): 2726–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2006.0354.
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We have proposed in 1992 that nanoparticles of layered compounds will be unstable against folding and close into fullerene-like structures and nanotubes (IF). Nanotubes and fullerene-like structures were prepared from numerous compounds with layered and recently also non-layered structure by various groups. Much progress has been achieved in the synthesis of inorganic nanotubes and fullerene-like nanoparticles of WS2 and MoS2 and many other metal dichalcogenides over the last few years. Substantial progress has been accomplished in the use of such nanoparticles for tribological applications and lately for impact resilient nanocomposites. These tests indicated that IF-MoS2 and IF-WS2 are heading for large scale applications in the automotive, machining, aerospace, electronics, defense, medical and numerous other kinds of industries. A few products based on these nanoparticles have been recently commercialized by “ApNano Materials, Inc”. Novel applications of inorganic nanotubes and fullerene-like nanoparticles in the fields of catalysis; microelectronics; Li rechargeable batteries; medical and opto-electronics will be discussed.
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Miyagawa, H., W. A. Chiou e I. M. Daniel. "TEM Sample Preparation of Polymer Based Nanocomposites using Focused Ion Beam Technique". Microscopy and Microanalysis 7, S2 (agosto de 2001): 946–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600030804.
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Recently, several studies have been conducted to investigate the behavior of polymer based composites reinforced with clay particles, which can remarkably improve the properties of the polymers. Studies using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are necessary to understand the role of clay minerals/particles in the reinforcing effect in the polymer based materials. TEM sample preparation of polymer/clay nanocomposites using conventional techniques has been difficult and tedious. Nevertheless, the focused ion beam (FIB) technique for preparing metal and ceramic samples provides another method for preparing polymer nanocomposite samples. This paper presents a new approach for preparing TEM specimens of the polymer nanocomposites using the FIB technique.Two types of epoxy (Dow Chemical Company, DER 331) nanocomposite samples were investigated: one containing 7.5 wt.% organomontmorillonite clay (Southern Clay Products Inc., Cloisite 30B) and the other (carbon fiber reinforced plastics; CFRP) containing carbon fibers (Hexel Fibers, AS4) in addition to 5 wt. % clay. Details of preparing the epoxy based clay nanocomposites will be published elsewhere. Procedures for preparing TEM thin sections using FIB were based on techniques developed by Ramirez de Arellano et al.
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Bouteloup, Juliette, Salim Kanoun, Alina Berriolo-Riedinger, Hervé Ghesquières, Gilles A. Salles, Thérèse Gargi, Thomas Mognetti et al. "Impact of 18 f-Fluoro-Deoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography Imaging in the Management of Mantle Cell Lymphoma". Blood 126, n.º 23 (3 de dezembro de 2015): 3951. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.3951.3951.
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Abstract Impact of 18 F-fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET) imaging has become increasingly important in recent years in the management of patients with malignant lymphomas and is recommended for the staging and response to treatment assessment of both diffuse large B-cell and Hodgkin's lymphoma. Few data on the relevance of PET in the management of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) are available so far. Then, we retrospectively investigated the PET value for initial staging, interim response and predicting outcome in patients with MCL treated in two French institutions (Dijon University Hospital and the Centre Leon Berard, Lyon). From 2004 to 2013, a total of 61 de novo MCL patients assessed by PET were included. For each patient, were collected at baseline, the whole body SUVmax site, the presence of a bone marrow (BM) uptake, total metabolic tumour volume (TMTV) and total tumour glycolysis (TLG). The interim PET response after 3 or 4 cycles of induction treatment was assessed using the Deauville score and the quantitative variation of SUV between the baseline PET and the PET performed after 4 cycles of immunochemotherapy (ΔSUV). Patient's median age was 64 years [38 - 84]. At diagnosis, 92% presented a disseminated disease (stage III-IV). Mean MCL International Prognostic Index (MIPI) was 6.09 [5.89 - 6.29]. All patients received a first-line induction treatment. Twenty-eight (46%) received an autologous stem cell transplantation as consolidation treatment and 10 (16%) a rituximab maintenance. The baseline FDG uptake intensity was low (median SUVmax: 6.93 [2.5 - 25]) leading to consider that baseline PET was informative and suitable for a further PET reassessment in 40 (93%) patients. 72% of the patients with an informative baseline PET, had a SUVmax < 10 making the metabolic quantitative analyses (TMTV, TLG, ΔSUV) uninformative. Among the 46 (75%) patients with histologically proven BM involvement, only 14% of them had BM FDG uptake. After 3 to 4 cycles of induction treatment, 27 (75%) patients achieved a negative PET. With a median follow up of 27 months, a shorter PFS was related to a disseminated disease (stage III-IV) on the basis of baseline PET (2y-PFS: 47% vs 80% p = 0.03) and an insufficient interim metabolic response according to the Deauville score (score ≥ 4) (16% vs 64% p<0.01). However, in multivariate analysis, using the MIPI, the stage and the interim PET response as covariates, only a score of Deauville ≥ 4 (p = 0.0018, HR = 32.6 IC 95% [3.7 - 286.82]) and a MIPI>=6 (p = 0.04, HR = 7.1 IC 95% [1.1 - 46]) retained an independent negative impact on PFS. FDG avidity of LCM is usually low. PET underestimates BM involvement at diagnosis in 86 % of patients, compared with cytological and histological techniques, and has no independent prognostic value. The interim metabolic response assessed using the Deauville criteria is a prognosis factor independent from MIPI in patients with MCL. Disclosures Salles: Calistoga Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Celgene Corporation; Genentech, Inc.; Janssen Pharmaceutica Products, L.P.; Roche: Consultancy; Celgene Corporation; Roche and Gilead Sciences: Research Funding; Celgene Corporation; Roche: Speakers Bureau. Casasnovas:Gilead: Consultancy; Takeda: Consultancy; Roche: Consultancy, Research Funding.
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Kacprzak-Ogłuszka, Marzena, e Beata Dejak. "Bond strength of glass fibre-reinforced posts with composite cement". Prosthodontics 68, n.º 2 (15 de maio de 2018): 232–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.0492.
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Introduction. The most common failure in using glass fibre-reinforced composite posts is cementation of the post, i.e. the lack of junction between cement dentine or post. Aim of the study. To compare the bond strength between different glass fibre-reinforced composite (FRC) posts and selected composite cement. Materials and Methods. The following seven types of fiber reinforced composite posts (n =10): Fiber Post (GC Europe N.V., Leuven, Belgium), Glassix (Harald Nordin SA, Chailly s/ Montreux, Switzerland), Rebilda®Post (VOCO GmbH, Cuxhaven, Germany), FibreKleer Serrated Post (Pentron Clinical, Wallingford, USA), ParaPost®Fiber Lux (Coltene/Whaledent Inc., Cuyahoga Falls, USA), RelyX (3M Espe Dental Products, St.Paul, USA) oraz X-Post (Dentsply Maillefer Instruments, Ballaigues, Switzerland) were evaluated. Posts were cemented into metal sleeves with dual-cure resin cement CoreXFlow (Dentsply). The bond strength test based on the coaxial method was performed on the samples using Instron 4485 machine (Instron Corporation, Norwood, USA). Results. The significantly higher values of bond strength were demonstrated for Fiber Post (GC Europe N.V., Leuven, Belgium) with 29.57±1.44 MPa, and the lowest were shown by Glassix (Harald Nordin SA, Chailly s/Montreux, Switzerland) with 17.21±0.87 MPa. The differences were significant (p<0.001). Conclusions. 1. The significantly higher values of bond strength were demonstrated for Fiber Post (GC Europe N.V., Leuven, Belgium) and the lowest were shown by Glassix (Harald Nordin SA, Chailly s/Montreux, Switzerland). 2. The resin methacrylic posts had a stronger junction with cement than with epoxy resin posts.
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Guzmán, Hilmar, Daniela Roldán, Micaela Castellino e Simelys Hernández. "Metal-Oxide-Based Materials for the Sustainable and Tunable Electrochemical CO2 Conversion to Chemicals and Fuels at Industrial Scale". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, n.º 26 (28 de agosto de 2023): 1706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01261706mtgabs.
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Anthropogenic activities have impacted the planet’s carbon cycle through the emissions of large amounts of greenhouse gases (GHGs), shifting the equilibrium of human history since the industrial revolution. CO2 is the key contributor to global climate change in the atmosphere. For this reason, the synthesis of high-added-value products CO2 conversion is a promising approach to mitigate climate change.1 Among the different alternatives, exploiting CO2 via electrochemical reduction under mild conditions (ambient pressure and temperature) represents an opportunity to support a low-carbon economy.2 The electrocatalytic (EC) CO2 reduction (CO2R) driven by renewable energy can be exploited for the future energy transition, for the carbon storage into valuable products like syngas (H2/CO mixtures), organic acids (formic acid) and chemicals/fuels (C1+ alcohols).3 A big challenge for the industrialisation of this technology is to find low-cost electrocatalysts, efficient reactors and process conditions. In the efforts to develop efficient, selective and stable materials, we have exploited the current knowledge of thermocatalytic CO2 hydrogenation to develop noble-metal-free CO2R electrocatalysts.4 For instance, Cu/Zn/Al synthesised catalyst producing methanol and CO from the CO2 thermocatalytic (TC) hydrogenation (at H2 pressure (P) of 30 bar and temperature (T) > 200 oC) promotes the formation of methanol (⁓32% of FE) during the EC CO2R in a gas-diffusion-electrode system; while operating in the liquid phase, the same catalyst produces syngas with a tunable composition (95% of FE at the most positive applied potential) and other liquid C2+ products (in both cases at ambient T, P).4 On the other hand, Cu/ZnO electrocatalyst also has been tested at industrially relevant current densities in liquid phase configuration.5 We demonstrated through ex-situ characterisations that the presence of ZnO nanoparticles in the mixed Cu/ZnO catalyst plays an important role in forming and stabilising mixed oxidation states of copper and Cu1+/Cu0 interfaces in the electrocatalyst (in bulk and surface). These interfaces seem to promote CO dimerisation to ethanol. Indeed, ethanol was produced with the Cu/ZnO catalyst, reaching ethanol productivity of about 5.3 mmol∙gcat -1∙h-1 in a liquid-phase configuration at ambient conditions. A Cu/ZnO electrocatalyst also has been tested in a catholyte-free configuration with an increased selectivity to ethylene, reaching approximately 70% of FE, demonstrating that the reaction pathways for EC CO2R are largely determined by transport limitations rather than only by the intrinsic properties of the electrocatalysts. Our results open a promising path for the prospective implementation of metal-oxide nanostructures for CO2 conversion to the chemicals and fuels of the future. Acknowledgements This work has received financial support by the EU H2020 Project SunCOChem (grant agreement: 862192). References Guzmán, H., Russo, N. & Hernández, S. CO2 valorisation towards alcohols by Cu-based electrocatalysts: challenges and perspectives. Green Chem. 23, 1896–1920 (2021). Romero Cuellar, N. S., Wiesner-Fleischer, K., Fleischer, M., Rucki, A. & Hinrichsen, O. Advantages of CO over CO2 as reactant for electrochemical reduction to ethylene, ethanol and n-propanol on gas diffusion electrodes at high current densities. Electrochim. Acta 307, 164–175 (2019). Guzmán, H., Farkhondehfal, M. A., Rodulfo Tolod, K., Russo, N. & Hernández, S. Photo/electrocatalytic hydrogen exploitation for CO2 reduction toward solar fuels production. in Solar Hydrogen Production Processes, Systems and Technologies 560 (Elsevier Inc., 2019). doi:10.1016/C2017-0-02289-9. Guzmán, H. et al. How to make sustainable CO2 conversion to Methanol: Thermocatalytic versus electrocatalytic technology. Chem. Eng. J. 417, 127973 (2021). Guzmán, H. et al. CO2 Conversion to Alcohols over Cu/ZnO Catalysts: Prospective Synergies between Electrocatalytic and Thermocatalytic Routes. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 14, 517−530 (2022).
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Mahony, D. E., S. Lim-Morrison, L. Bryden, G. Faulkner, P. S. Hoffman, L. Agocs, G. G. Briand, N. Burford e H. Maguire. "Antimicrobial Activities of Synthetic Bismuth Compounds against Clostridium difficile". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 43, n.º 3 (1 de março de 1999): 582–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.43.3.582.
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Clostridium difficile is a major nosocomial pathogen responsible for pseudomembranous colitis and many cases of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Because of potential relapse of disease with current antimicrobial therapy protocols, there is a need for additional and/or alternative antimicrobial agents for the treatment of disease caused by C. difficile. We have synthesized a systematic series of 14 structurally simple bismuth compounds and assessed their biological activities against C. difficile and four other gastrointestinal species, includingHelicobacter pylori. Here, we report on the activities of six compounds that exhibit antibacterial activities againstC. difficile, and some of the compounds have MICs of less than 1 μg/ml. Also tested, for comparison, were the activities of bismuth subcitrate and ranitidine bismuth citrate obtained from commercial sources. C. difficile andH. pylori were more sensitive both to the synthetic bismuth compounds and to the commercial products than were Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus mirabilis, and the last three species were markedly resistant to the commercial bismuth salts. Testing with human foreskin fibroblast cells revealed that some of the synthetic compounds were more cytotoxic than others. Killing curves for C. difficile treated with the more active compounds revealed rapid death, and electron microscopy showed that the bismuth of these compounds was rapidly incorporated by C. difficile. Energy dispersive spectroscopy X-ray microanalysis of C. difficile cells containing electron-dense material confirmed the presence of internalized bismuth. Internalized bismuth was not observed inC. difficile treated with synthetic bismuth compounds that lacked antimicrobial activity, which suggests that the uptake of the metal is required for killing activity. The nature of the carrier would seem to determine whether bismuth is transported into susceptible bacteria like C. difficile.
Livros sobre o assunto "Inc Lyon Metal Products"
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Ltd, ICON Group. COLD METAL PRODUCTS, INC.: Labor Productivity Benchmarks and International Gap Analysis (Labor Productivity Series). 2a ed. Icon Group International, 2000.
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Ltd, ICON Group. COLD METAL PRODUCTS, INC.: International Competitive Benchmarks and Financial Gap Analysis (Financial Performance Series). 2a ed. Icon Group International, 2000.
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Taber, Douglass. "Developments in Alkene Metathesis". In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199764549.003.0024.
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Alkene metathesis has been extended to increasingly complex starting materials and products. Nitriles are good donors to coordinatively-unsaturated transition metal centers, so tend to inhibit the reaction. Ren He of Dalian University of Technology has found (Tetrahedron Lett. 2007, 48, 4203) that inclusion of the loosely-coordinating 2-methyl pyridine in the reaction enables facile cross-coupling with acrylonitrile 2. Although crosscoupling with (Z, Z)-sorbate is not efficient, Dennis P. Curran of the University of Pittsburgh has shown (Organic Lett. 2007, 9, 5) that cross-coupling with (E, Z)-sorbate 5 works well. For large scale work, he has developed a Hoveyda-type catalyst with a perfluoro tail, that is recoverable in 70% recrystallized yield from the reaction mixture. Shigefumi Kuwahara of Tohoku University has reported (Tetrahedron Lett. 2007, 48, 3163) a practical alternative for direct metathesis to deliver (E, E)-dienyl esters. Continuing the investigation of tandem Ru-catalyzed reactions, Marc L. Snapper of Boston College effected (Organic Lett. 2007, 9, 1749) metathesis with methacrolein 8a, then added Ph3P and diazoacetate, to give the diene 11. A range of common Ru catalysts worked well for this transformation. In an alternative approach to trisubstituted alkene construction, Stellios Arseniyadis and Janine Cossy of ESPCI Paris have demonstrated (Organic Lett. 2007, 9, 1695) that inclusion of Cl-catecholborane 14 allows clean cross metathesis with the lactone 13. The construction of tetrasubstituted alkenes has been more challenging. Yann Schrodi of Materia, Inc. (Organic Lett. 2007, 9, 1589) has described a catalyst 17 that is particularly effective. Complex 17 was superior to a catalyst reported (Organic Lett. 2007, 9, 1339) shortly earlier by Robert H. Grubbs of Caltech. Debendra K. Mohapatra of the National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, and Professor Grubbs, in a new approach to macrocyclic stereocontrol, have made (Tetrahedron Lett. 2007, 48, 2621) the remarkable observation that the cyclization of the bis ether 19a gave 20 in a 9:1 E / Z ratio, while cyclization of the diol 9b gave only Z - 21. Oligomer formation can often compete in such medium ring-forming reactions. Deryn E. Fogg of the University of Ottawa has raised (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 1024) the cautionary (but happy!) observation that while the cyclization, for instance, of 22 proceeded efficiently to give 23, at an intermediate point in the transformation the product was more than half oligomer.
Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Inc Lyon Metal Products"
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Morrison, Tom, Naurang Mangat, Guy Desjardins e Arti Bhatia. "Validation of an In-Line Inspection Metal Loss Tool". In 2000 3rd International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2000-201.
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Enbridge Pipelines Inc. (“Enbridge”), together with U.S. affiliate Lakehead Pipe Line, operates the world’s longest crude oil and petroleum products pipeline system. These companies transport liquid hydrocarbons from their point of supply to refining markets in the Midwestern United States and Eastern Canada.
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Bakhtiyarov, Sayavur I., e Ruel A. Overfelt. "Numerical Simulation of Molten Metal-Polymeric Foam Interface Velocity During Lost Foam Casting". In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/fed-24901.
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Abstract A novel multiphase flow model is presented for describing the pyrolisis of polymeric foam material in a lost foam casting process. FLOW-3D software (Flow Science, Inc.) has been used to simulate liquid metal filling dynamics and the molten metal-polymeric foam interface velocity in foam patterns of rectangular shape. The effect of the degradation gaseous products on the molten metal-polymeric foam interface velocity was taken into consideration through specially written sub-routing program. The results of the simulations are compared with the previously obtained experimental data for the lost foam iron casting.
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Bakhtiyarov, Sayavur I., e Ruel A. Overfelt. "Computer Modeling and Experimental Verification of Mold Filling in Counter-Gravity Lost Foam Casting Process". In ASME/JSME 2003 4th Joint Fluids Summer Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2003-45765.
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A dynamics of the molten metal-polymeric foam interface has been experimentally observed in “window counter-gravity lost foam casting” of standard GM plates. The observations allowed revealing the effect of the pyrolisis of polymeric foam material on molten metal propagation velocity. FLOW-3D software (Flow Science, Inc.) has been used to simulate liquid metal filling dynamics and the molten metal-polymeric foam interface velocity in foam plates. The effect of the degradation gaseous products on the molten metal-polymeric foam interface velocity was taken into consideration through specially written sub-routing program. The results of the simulations are compared with the experimental data obtained in this study.
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Zecevic, S., E. M. Patton e P. Parhami. "Direct Carbon Fuel Cell With Hydroxide Electrolyte: Cell Performance During Initial Stage of a Long Term Operation". In ASME 2005 3rd International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2005-74169.
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This paper describes a Direct Carbon-Air Fuel Cell (DCFC) which uses a molten hydroxide electrolyte. In DCFCs, carbon is electrochemically directly oxidized to generate the power without a reforming process. Despite its compelling cost and performance advantages, the use of molten metal hydroxide electrolytes has been ignored by DCFC researches, primarily due to the potential lack of invariance of the molten hydroxide electrolyte caused by its reaction with carbon dioxide. This paper describes the electrochemistry of DCFC based on molten hydroxide electrolyte and discusses means to overcome the historical carbonate formation. Furthermore, it describes the cell performance during the initial stage of a long term operation and discusses the causes for the initial cell performance degradation. To date, five successive generations of medium temperature DCFC prototypes have been built and tested at SARA Inc. to demonstrate the technology, all using graphite rods as their fuel source. The basic feature of the cell is a simple design in which the cathode is not traditional gas fed electrode type. It is a non-porous electrode structure made of an inexpensive Fe-Ti alloy and gaseous oxygen is introduced into the cell by bubbling humid air through the electrolyte. The cell successfully demonstrated delivering more than 50 A at 0.3 V with the current density exceeding 100 mA/cm2. Main feature of DCFC with hydroxide electrolyte is that the cell performance decreases over time mainly due to oxygen cathode polarization. There are three possible causes for this performance decay: Carbonate formation, electrolyte evaporation due to air bubbling, and corrosion products build up. In order to determine the right cause for the performance decay a series of experiments was carried out investigating various parameters involving cell temperature, water content in the melt, current density, carbonate content in the melt, melt level in the cell, air flow rate and intermittent on-off operation. DCFC was operating at constant current while cell voltage and electrode potentials were recorded over time. Results obtained indicated that the performance of DCFC with hydroxide electrolyte during initial 200 h is governed by the oxygen cathode performance that is mainly affected by corrosion products. The corrosion products catalyze decomposition of peroxide ions which are reacting species at the cathode resulting in an increase of cathode polarization over time. Effect of carbonate ions on the initial cell performance decay is insignificant as compared to the effect of corrosion product. Means to overcome the corrosion products issue were discussed.
Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Inc Lyon Metal Products"
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Walk-through survey report: control technology for metal reclamation industries at East Penn Manufacturing Company Inc., Lyon Station, Pennsylvania. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, agosto de 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshectb20215a.
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In-depth survey report: control technology for metal reclamation industries at East Penn Manufacturing Company Inc., Lyon Station, Pennsylvania. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, junho de 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshectb20215b.
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