Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Imagerie laser 3D"
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Craciun, Daniela. "Image-laser fusion for 3D modeling in complex environments". Paris, Télécom ParisTech, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2008ENSTA058.
Texto completo da fonteOne might wonder what can be gained from the image-laser fusion and in which measure such a hybrid system can generate automatically complete and photorealist 3D models of difficult to access and unstructured underground environments. In such environments, special attention must be given to the main issue standing behind the automation of the 3D modeling pipeline whic is represented by the capacity to match reliably image and laser data in GPS-denied and feature-less areas. In addition, time and in-situ access constraints require fast and automatic procedures for in-situ data acquisition, processing and interpretation in order to allow for in situ verification of the 3D scene model completeness. Finally, the currently generated 3D model represents the only available information providing situational awareness based on which autonomous behavior must be build in order to enable the system to act intelligently onthe- fly and explore the environment for ensuring the 3D scene model completeness. This dissertation evaluates the potential of a hybrid image-laser system for generating in-situ complete and photorealist 3D models of challenging environments, without requiring human operator intervention. The presented research focuses on two main aspects: (i) the automation of the 30 modeling pipeline, targeting the automatic data matching in feature-less and GPS-denied areas for in situ world modeling and (ii) the exploitation of the generated 3D models along with visual servoing procedures to provide mobile systems with autonomous site digitization and exploration capabilities. We design a complementary and cooperative image-laser fusion which lead to a 4D mosaicing sensor prototype
VILLENA, PHILIPPE. "Traitement laser des affections prostatiques : etude de faisabilite en imagerie 2d et 3d". Reims, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993REIMM050.
Texto completo da fonteMatos, Raimundo Duarte de Joana Cristina. "Ultrafast Nanoscale 3D Coherent X-ray Imaging". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS372.
Texto completo da fonteCoherent lensless imaging techniques can break the limitations associated with conventional microscopy techniques. The configuration of coherent diffraction imaging makes it possible to image isolated non-crystalline objects with spatial resolutions limited, in principle, only by the illuminated wavelength (i.e. a few tens of nanometers to a few angstroms in the XUV and X domains, respectively). In this thesis, we develop and improve, experimentally and numerically, 2D and 3D lensless imaging techniques, for nanometric resolutions in a femtosecond single shot. Responding to the limitations of these techniques to aberrations and partial coherence, here, improvements of wavefront and spatial-coherence correction in holographic techniques are proposed. Indeed, the exploitation of the source properties makes possible to optimise the reconstruction from diffraction patterns or holograms in order to obtain the most faithful image possible in a single femtosecond flash. By exploiting machine vision concepts, this thesis also shows the possibility of accessing 3D information in single shots, extracted from two coherent X-ray diffraction patterns, taken simultaneously from two stereo angles. This opens the way towards the exploration of matter on nanometric volumes (voxels) solved at unmatched temporal resolutions
Guillon, Sylvie. "Caractérisation expérimentale et modèle simulé d'un télémètre laser". Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112354.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis presents work results about an optical laser diode range finder for short distance measurements in robotics, and possibility of application in 3D vision. Its principle lies on an amplitude modulation of the optical beam, and a direct detection of the distance by measuring the phase shift corresponding to the propagation time of the modulated beam. This research presents :- the description of the laser range finder used, with its theoritical and practical performances. - the interest of a simulation of the functioning for an application in robotics. - the detailed characterization of the detected signal and its perturbations, for this simulation. - the results of the simulations. - experimental profile records realized with this laser range finder
Bricout, Christophe. "Etude et faisabilité d'une microcaméra laser 3D". Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30214.
Texto completo da fonteRistorcelli, Thomas. "Evaluation de l'apport des visées multi-angulaires en imagerie laser pour la reconstruction 3D des couverts végétaux". Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ESAE0049/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis research work regards the scientific challenge of reconstructing the ground and the object presents under a vegetation cover from airborne observations. Airborne laser scanning is a promising technology. Full-waveform devices are able to record the complete temporal return signal following the emission of a short laser pulse towards the ground. This offers a great potential for remote sensing of forested areas, since the laser pulse will travel through the vegetation. Many commercial systems are already operated for topography or bathymetry. Scientists have been using these systems for vegetation observation, even if they are not dedicated to this purpose. The objective of this thesis is to study the relevance of full-waveform lidars for the geometric reconstruction of digital terrain models (DTM) under vegetation. We also aim at developing simulation and data processing toolsthat will help design and optimize future sensors dedicated to vegetation observation. Our first task was the development of a new physical simulator for full-waveform lidar measurement. The DELiS model (n-Dimensional Estimation of Lidar Signals) is able tosimulate the observation of complex and realistic vegetation scenes while accounting for atmosphere and sun perturbations, and simulating the multiple scattering of the laser pulse in the canopy. We have also implemented a sensor model for simulation of the measurement, amplification and digitization noises. This operational simulation tool is a key asset for future physical studies as well as for designing and optimizing future sensors and data processing methods. After validating the DELiS model by confrontation with analytical results, we have used it for studying the interest of full-waveform lidar for digital terrain models reconstruction under vegetation. For this purpose, we have developed a full-waveform lidar data processing method for decomposition of the signals and classification of the lidar echoes into two classes : ’ground’ and ’vegetation’. We were then able to reconstruct ground geometry.Finally, we have led a study on the combination of multi-angular acquisitions for improvement of the reconstructions.Our work shows that airborne full-waveform lidar observations may allow ground reconstruction with sub-metric resolutions and a precision of 10 to 20 centimeters in forested areas. Combining multiple viewing angles provides additional data, and helps improving the precision of the reconstructions. Yet, we show that non-nadir viewing is much more sensitive to trunks and branches. These elements may be the cause of an additional error in the classification and reconstruction processes. For this reason, we recommend using nadir viewing for single-view ground reconstruction, and propose a method for optimally selecting non-nadir views for the detailed observation of restricted areas of interest
Reboul, Vanessa. "Une approche de synthèse architecturale pour le développement d'une microcaméra laser 3D". Toulouse, INPT, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPT043H.
Texto completo da fonteDesclides, Manon. "Développement d'un dispositif de traitement laser 3D conformationnel sous guidage IRM temps réel". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0141.
Texto completo da fonteLaser thermal ablation is a minimally invasive therapy that consists in transcutaneously inserting one or more laser probes into pathological tissue (e.g., a tumor), and using the absorption of light energy by the tissue to generate localized heating and induce coagulation necrosis (destruction of diseased cells, from 43 to 100°C) or moderate hyperthermia (stimulation of an immune response or activation of a heat-sensitive drug, from 40 to 43°C). In order to precisely control the therapeutic procedure, it is preferable to be able to spatially map heat deposition in the targeted tissue in real time. This can be achieved by using advanced MRI thermometry methods to image tissue temperature distribution in real time and volume (75 ms per acquisition), with a spatial resolution of around one millimeter and an uncertainty of around 1°C.This thesis presents a set of technological developments enabling precise control of heating in targeted tissue. A first study shows the feasibility of exploiting MRI thermometry to automatically adjust the power emitted by a laser in real time, in order to temporally force the maximum temperature of tissue located near the laser probe to follow a predefined temperature set point, using a proportional-integral-derivative control algorithm. The method has been validated on muscle in a preclinical model. A second study presents a more sophisticated automated temperature control method for simultaneously controlling the light energy emitted by several laser probes. The method has also been validated in vivo on a realistic preclinical model.In parallel with this work, a prototype of an innovative laser probe consisting of several laser emitters was developed and evaluated in vivo to demonstrate the possibility of performing conformal ablations with a single probe. Software developments were also carried out to facilitate the design and testing of the methods presented in the first two studies.This thesis has developed innovative methods for improving the safety and accuracy of MRI thermometry-guided laser ablation procedures. The feedback algorithms are adaptable to other ablation devices commonly used in interventional radiology (radiofrequency, focused ultrasound, microwave)
Bretar, Frédéric. "Couplage de données laser aéroporté et photogrammétriques pour l'analyse de scènes tridimensionnelles". Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001844.
Texto completo da fonteEren, Gönen. "3D scanning of transparent objects". Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00584061.
Texto completo da fonteDevaux, Jean-Clément. "Perception multicapteur : Etalonnage extrinsèque de caméra 3D, télémètre laser et caméra conventionnelle : Application au déplacement autonome et téléopéré d'un robot mobile". Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EVRY0043/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis work concerns multisensor perception field of study for indoor mobile robotics and especially treats the use of low cost 3D cameras together with inboard perception system of the robot (usually laser telemeter and conventionnal cameras). Each independent sensor is suffering from important weaknesses as limited field of view for low cost camears or only planar detection for laser telemeter. Using 3D camera in addition to laser telemeter allows tod etect obstacles not detected by laser telemeter but keeps the advantage of the wise field of view of common laser telemeters. 3D camears are also very useful to add visual augmentations on visual data in teleoperation control interfaces.Multisensor perception based on laser telemeter, 3D camera and conventionnal camera is only possible when extrinsic parameters are accuratly (depending on application) known. But not only accurate, the calibration process has to be simple enough to be repeatable particularly whens sensors are fixed. Calibration processes have to be executed regularly because of menanical slack. The robotic community is usually using approximative calibration because calibration is boring. In this work, we propose four new methods for extrinsic calibration. Two of these methods have been conducted to improve significantly teh simplicity and usability of calibration processes
Yoo, Hyun-Jae. "Analyse et conception de scanners laser mobiles dédiés à la cartographie 3D d'environnements urbains". Phd thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2011. https://pastel.hal.science/pastel-00579965/fr/.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis is a collaboration between the Robotics Centre CAOR of MINES ParisTech and MENSI-Trimble under the CIFRE (Convention Industrielle de Formation par la Recherche) convention, to desgin an innovative laser scanning system dedicated to mobile mapping systems. We developed a method for the qualitative analysis of point-cloud data and the conception of a mobile mapping system using simulation. We elaborated several concepts for mobile laser scanners, which we realized virtually using the simulator. We performed data acquisitions in order to analyze the simulated data. We chose the most suitable concept, based on our analysis results, constructed a prototype and assessed its performance in a real environment
Yoo, Hyun-Jae. "Analyse et conception de scanners laser mobiles dédiés à la cartographie 3D d'environnements urbains". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00579965.
Texto completo da fonteDemantke, Jérôme. "Reconstruction de modèles 3D photoréalistes de façades à partir de données image et laser terrestre". Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1015/document.
Texto completo da fonteOne wishes to detect and model building façades from data acquired by the ign mobile scanning vehicle, the Stereopolis. It is a question of finding a geometric representation of facades appropriate to the data (lidar/laser signal and optical images).The method should be automatic and enable the modeling of a large number of facade to help the production of digital city models. Technical obstacles come from the mobile acquisition in uncontrolled urban environment (vehicle georeferencing, variable lidar point density...), they come from the lidar signal, retrieved from a relatively new technology for which the process is not yet consensus :does one operates into sensor geometry or not ? Finally, the amount of data raises the problem of scaling up. To analyze the geometry of lidar 3D point clouds, we proposed attributes describing for each point the shape of the local surroundings (linear-1D, planar-2D or volume-3D).The facade main planes are automatically extracted from lidar data through a streamed detection algorithm of vertical rectangles. We developed two models that are initialized by these rectangles. An irregular grid in which each cell, parallel to the main plane can move forward or backward. A deformable grid which is ''pushed by the laser beams toward the laser points''. Finally, we showed how the deformable grid can be made consistent with the optical images aligning the geometric discontinuities of the grid with radiometric discontinuities of the images
Othmani, Ahlem. "Identification automatisée des espèces d'arbres dans des scans laser 3D réalisés en forêt". Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOS012/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe objective of the thesis is the automatic recognition of tree species from Terrestrial LiDAR data. This information is essential for forest inventory. As an answer, we propose different recognition methods based on the 3D geometric texture of the bark.These methods use the following processing steps: a preprocessing step, a segmentation step, a feature extraction step and a final classification step. They are based on the 3D data or on depth images built from 3D point clouds of tree trunks using a reference surface.We have investigated and tested several segmentation approaches on depth images representing the geometric texture of the bark. These approaches have the disadvantages of over segmentation and are quite sensitive to noises. For this reason, we propose a new 3D point cloud segmentation approach inspired by the watershed technique that we have called «Burst Wind Segmentation». Our approach succeed in extracting in most cases the characteristic scars that are next compared to those stored in a dictionary («ScarBook») in order to determine the tree species.A large variety of characteristics is extracted from the regions segmented by the different methods proposed. These characteristics are the roughness, the global shape of the segmented regions, the saliency and the curvature of the contour, the distribution of the contour points, the distribution of the shape according to the different orientations.Finally, for the classification of the visual characteristics, the Random Forest method by Leo Breiman and Adèle Cutler is used in a two steps approach: selection of the most important variables and cross classification with the selected variables.The bark of the tree changes with the trunk diameter. We have thus studied different natural variability criteria and we have tested our approaches on a test set that includes this variability. The accuracy rate is over 96% for all the proposed segmentation approaches but the best result is obtained with the «Burst Wind Segmentation» one due to the fact that this approach can better extract the scars, it uses a dictionary of scars for recognition, and it has been evaluated on a greater variety of shapes, curvatures, saliency and roughness
Bennis, Abdelhamid. "Contribution à la reconstruction 3D de bâtiments à partir de nuage de points de scanner laser terrestre". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0139.
Texto completo da fonteThe renovation and the improvement of the energy efficiency of existing housing stock is one of big challenges identified for coming decades. In front of this imperative, timber based elements for building renovation are more and more used due to their substantial improvement of the building insulation, aesthetic renewal and functional additions. However, this technology faces some difficulties, one of them is the improvement of the renovation projects automation, which is bound to the knowledge of the existing built geometry. The plans representing the existing state of the building are not always available, and if so, they may be not exact, because the modifications made on the building are usually undocumented. After a literature review of existing methods which are detailed the first chapter. The work within the framework of cooperation between the CRITTBois and CRAN have allowed to develop an automatic method for 3D building CAD model reconstruction from point clouds acquired by a terrestrial LASER scanner. The proposed method is composed of three main phases. The first one detailed in the second chapter, consists in segmenting the point cloud into planar patches representing the building facades. To decrease the segmentation algorithm complexity, the colorimetric information is also considered. The approach consists in making a colorimetric classification of the point cloud in a first step, then a geometrical segmentation of the point cloud using a robust segmentation algorithm (RANSAC). The third chapter presents the second phase of our approach consists in surface sampling steps modeling and boundary point extraction. Here, we consider a local threshold defined according to the approximated surface sampling steps. The aim of considering local threshold is to improve the reliability of the boundary point extraction algorithm and approximating the CAD model error. The last chapter presents the main three steps of the boundary model reconstruction method. The first step consists in classifying the regions defined by their boundary points into three types of regions: Irregularity Region (IR), Architectural Element Region (AER) as windows, and Facades Regions (FR) which represent the building facades defined by their outer boundaries. The second step consists in modeling these regions considering a Delaunay triangulation for the IR and a polyhedral model for the AER and the FR. The third step consists in making an approximation of the error in the model. The method reliability tests were conducted on real projects; they were performed by industrial construction and renovation professionals. The tests show that the quality of the 3D reconstruction remains strongly dependent to the acquisition factors and the scanned surface properties. Also, the approximation of the modeling error can predict in advance the errors on the CAD model
Ferraq, Younes. "Développement d'un modèle de cicatrisation épidermique après une désépidermisation laser". Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/139/.
Texto completo da fonteThe skin is an efficient barrier providing protection from external agents and assuring homeostasis by controlling thermal and aqueous exchanges. This may be compromised following disease or trauma, where rapid restoration of barrier function is required to maintain vital functions. Traumatic insult, or wounding of skin is normally rapidly resolved via the wound healing process, but may be prolonged due to infection or systemic factors. Experimental wound healing studies provide information on this process, but lack standardised models of wound induction, and often use invasive techniques for it’s evaluation. Controlled tissue ablation can be achieved using the Erbium:YAG laser, thus rendering it suitable for standardised wound induction. The work of this thesis has involved ex vivo and in vivo experimentation with this laser on animal and human skin, with the aim of inducing standardised epidermal wounds, and in parallel, using novel techniques for non-invasive measurement of epidermal wound size. Thus, the main objectives were : 1) validating a technique for epidermal thickness measurement, 2) determining the relationship between laser energy and wound size/ablation depth, 3) establishing the time-course for epidermal healing in an animal model using single and multi-spot wounds, and 4) comparing multi-spot wounds to the standard suction blister technique for epidermal healing rates in human volunteers. The results showed, using human skin ex vivo, that epidermis could be observed in situ using optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging, but that epidermal thickness measurements were not closely correlated with those determined histologically. However, wound depth in human skin ex vivo and hairless rat skin in vivo was correlated with laser energy or fluence using a novel 3D imaging method. Consequently, a fluence of xx J. Cm-² was used in the hairless rat model to remove entire epidermis for healing rate measurements. .
Walcarius, Kévin. "Modélisation numérique et mise en œuvre expérimentale d'un prototype imageur laser 3D pour la visualisation de cibles immergées dans un milieu aquatique diffusant". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse, ISAE, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ESAE0036.
Texto completo da fonteIn the fields of defense, industry, and marine exploration, the detailed representation of a scene in three dimensions (3D) under all conditions is crucial. One of the challenges is to access this 3D information in environments with high concentrations of suspended matter in the aquatic medium. In this context, 3D focal plane imagers use a pulsed laser source, and each pixel is equipped with an internal clock synchronized with the laser emission, allowing access to 3D information while temporally filtering out stray photons scattered by hydrosols present in the studied medium. Photon-counting cameras can capture very low light fluxes, enabling visibility through high optical thicknesses while minimizing the necessary laser power. However, such a regime is highly sensitive to the ratio between the signal from the turbid water volume and the target signal.To evaluate the potential contribution of lidar technology for observing 3D targets at short range (5-20 m) in dense environments, an active imager prototype with an SPAD array was previously developed at ONERA-Toulouse. The objective of this thesis is to assess the prototype's ability to reproduce a 3D scene under high turbidity conditions and to understand the impact of particle scattering in the medium on the signal detected by the camera. The methodology used is based on a theoretical (modeling) and experimental approach. The theoretical approach involved developing a Monte Carlo-type radiative transfer model to simulate the interactions between the radiation emitted by a laser source, the particles in the traversed medium, and the observed target. The experimental approach involved deploying the imager prototype in a climate chamber to validate the developed Monte Carlo model.A state-of-the-art review of the optical properties of aquatic environments was conducted, followed by adapting the radiative transfer model to the context of short-range imaging in dense environments by proposing a modeling of the "blur" optical phenomenon on the signal scattered from the turbid column near the detector. This model accelerates the convergence speed of the model, especially when the traversed optical thickness is significant (acceleration factor of 6500 for an optical thickness of 4.1). This allows the simulation of 3D scenes for significant optical thicknesses (>5), which was previously impossible within a reasonable computation time.The model was validated for single scattering, then the impact of multiple scattering and the orientation of scattering on the 3D signal received by the camera was studied. Quantitative metrics were proposed to characterize the target signal. The study of these metrics showed, among other things, that the loss of contrast in the 3D restitution of the target in multiple scattering depends on the directionality of the scattering and the size of the detection and illumination fields.The final stage of the thesis consisted of experimentally validating the numerical model. The imager prototype was first characterized precisely, then a measurement campaign was conducted in a climate greenhouse with a canonical 3D scene and two turbid agents, addressing two scattering regimes (weakly and strongly forward-directed). The main result of this thesis is the numerical and experimental demonstration of a loss of 3D information of the observed scene when turbidity or the field of view increases. The transverse distribution of the contrast loss is strongly dependent on the scattering agent used. This phenomenon cannot be corrected by any temporal filtering as it originates from weakly deviated and weakly delayed photons
Baudoin, Raphael. "Développement d'une technique de vélocimétrie laser en trois dimensions par suivi de particules basée sur le principe de défocalisation et son application autour d'obstacles en aval d'une grille". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLC027/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn order to validate the numerical simulation of the mixing phenomena downstream a spacer grid in the reactor core, reaching the 3rd velocity component through experimental studies is of major importance since mechanical structures responses are linked to transverse velocities. Nevertheless the main difficulty relies on applying a non-intrusive velocimetry technique around obstacles composed of a vertical set of rods. So far only 1D and 2D temporal studies have been performed.Hence, numerical methods have been widely used to predict correctly those transverse velocities and the turbulence level downstream the grid. However, CFD codes are to be validated with experimental measurements leading to a better understanding of the detailed flow structure in the mixing process. Therefore we propose to present in this study the application of a 3D time resolved velocity measurement technique to a hydraulic test facility. The approach is to use a tracking strategy, in which individual particles are first detected then followed in time - 3D time resolved Particle Tracking Velocimetry.This PhD Thesis presents results obtained in a hydraulic test section using a tracking based approach with two cameras. At first, a new extension of the defocussing technique to recover particles location in time with one camera is presented and the methodology o get individual velocity vector is then described. Applications and validations of the technique in dedicated flows allow to determinate and quantify measurement uncertainties. Then the hydraulic test section is introduced together with preliminary flow characterization using Laser Doppler Velocimetry or 2D time resolved PIV analysis. Finally, two cameras measurements are reported and post-processing techniques are discussed
Bennis, Abdelhamid. "Contribution à la reconstruction 3D de bâtiments à partir de nuage de points de scanner laser terrestre". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0139/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe renovation and the improvement of the energy efficiency of existing housing stock is one of big challenges identified for coming decades. In front of this imperative, timber based elements for building renovation are more and more used due to their substantial improvement of the building insulation, aesthetic renewal and functional additions. However, this technology faces some difficulties, one of them is the improvement of the renovation projects automation, which is bound to the knowledge of the existing built geometry. The plans representing the existing state of the building are not always available, and if so, they may be not exact, because the modifications made on the building are usually undocumented. After a literature review of existing methods which are detailed the first chapter. The work within the framework of cooperation between the CRITTBois and CRAN have allowed to develop an automatic method for 3D building CAD model reconstruction from point clouds acquired by a terrestrial LASER scanner. The proposed method is composed of three main phases. The first one detailed in the second chapter, consists in segmenting the point cloud into planar patches representing the building facades. To decrease the segmentation algorithm complexity, the colorimetric information is also considered. The approach consists in making a colorimetric classification of the point cloud in a first step, then a geometrical segmentation of the point cloud using a robust segmentation algorithm (RANSAC). The third chapter presents the second phase of our approach consists in surface sampling steps modeling and boundary point extraction. Here, we consider a local threshold defined according to the approximated surface sampling steps. The aim of considering local threshold is to improve the reliability of the boundary point extraction algorithm and approximating the CAD model error. The last chapter presents the main three steps of the boundary model reconstruction method. The first step consists in classifying the regions defined by their boundary points into three types of regions: Irregularity Region (IR), Architectural Element Region (AER) as windows, and Facades Regions (FR) which represent the building facades defined by their outer boundaries. The second step consists in modeling these regions considering a Delaunay triangulation for the IR and a polyhedral model for the AER and the FR. The third step consists in making an approximation of the error in the model. The method reliability tests were conducted on real projects; they were performed by industrial construction and renovation professionals. The tests show that the quality of the 3D reconstruction remains strongly dependent to the acquisition factors and the scanned surface properties. Also, the approximation of the modeling error can predict in advance the errors on the CAD model
Contri, Alexandre. "Qualité géométrique de la mesure de surfaces complexes par moyens optiques". Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DENS0025.
Texto completo da fonteAbuhadrous, Iyad. "Système embarqué temps réel de localisation et de modélisation 3D par fusion multi-capteur". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001118.
Texto completo da fonteCoyac, Antoine. "Apport de l’imagerie active 3D à plan focal, embarquable sur drone, pour l’amélioration de la cartographie haute résolution de terrain". Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ESAE0033/document.
Texto completo da fonte3D laser imaging is a powerful technique used to recognize the environment around an aircraft, by measuring the distance between the system and an objet, in addition to its spatial coordinates. Also, it allows data acquisition under any weather condition (night, rain, fog). A new kind of sensors, multi-pixel arrays with high sensitivity, seems in line with the needs of an accurate 3D mapping of a big area : high spatial resolution, longe range detection with centimeter accuracy and low acquisition time. There are 3D Geiger-mode focal plane arrays. Before an onboard use, it was necessary to analyze the operation of such a sensor, based on probabilities of detection. An end-to-end simulator reproducing the entire acquisition process has been implemented, then experimentally validated on ground and static cases. It finally allowed to demonstrate the potential and contribution of Geiger-mode focal plane arrays for long distance and high spatial resolution airborne 3D mapping
Mohamed, Mostafa. "Evaluation de la qualité des modèles 3D de bâtiments en photogrammétrie numérique aérienne". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAD037/document.
Texto completo da fonteMethods and tools for automatic or semi-automatic generation of 3D city models are developing rapidly, but the quality assessment of these models and spatial data are rarely addressed. A comprehensive evaluation in 3D is not trivial. Our goal is to provide a standard multidimensional approach for assessing the quality of 3D models of buildings in 1D, 2D and 3D. Two methods are applied. The first one is done by computing Root Mean Square Errors (RMSE) based on the deviations between both models (reference and test), in X, Y and Z directions. Second method is performed by applying the French legal text (arrêté sur les classes de précision) that is based on the instructions published in the Official Journal from October 30, 2003. These indices pass through the space discretization in pixels or voxels for measuring the degree of superposition of 2D or 3D objects. The originality of this approach is built on the fact that the models used as input are not only limited to raster format, but also extended to vector format. The results of statistics of the quality indices calculated for assessing the building models show that the 3D building models extracted from stereo-pairs are close from each other. Also, the models reconstructed from LiDAR are less accurate than the models reconstructed from aerial images alone. In conclusion, the quality evaluation of 3D building models has been achieved by applying the proposed multi-dimensional approach. This approach is suitable for simplified 3D building vector models created from aerial images and/or LiDAR datasets
Murtin, Chloé Isabelle. "Traitement d’images de microscopie confocale 3D haute résolution du cerveau de la mouche Drosophile". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI081/document.
Texto completo da fonteAlthough laser scanning microscopy is a powerful tool for obtaining thin optical sections, the possible depth of imaging is limited by the working distance of the microscope objective but also by the image degradation caused by the attenuation of both excitation laser beam and the light emitted from the fluorescence-labeled objects. Several workaround techniques have been employed to overcome this problem, such as recording the images from both sides of the sample, or by progressively cutting off the sample surface. The different views must then be combined in a unique volume. However, a straightforward concatenation is often not possible, because the small rotations that occur during the acquisition procedure, not only in translation along x, y and z axes but also in rotation around those axis, making the fusion uneasy. To address this problem we implemented a new algorithm called 2D-SIFT-in-3D-Space using SIFT (scale Invariant Feature Transform) to achieve a robust registration of big image stacks. Our method register the images fixing separately rotations and translations around the three axes using the extraction and matching of stable features in 2D cross-sections. In order to evaluate the registration quality, we created a simulator that generates artificial images that mimic laser scanning image stacks to make a mock pair of image stacks one of which is made from the same stack with the other but is rotated arbitrarily with known angles and filtered with a known noise. For a precise and natural-looking concatenation of the two images, we also developed a module progressively correcting the sample brightness and contrast depending on the sample surface. Those tools we successfully used to generate tridimensional high resolution images of the fly Drosophila melanogaster brain, in particular, its octopaminergic and dopaminergic neurons and their synapses. Those monoamine neurons appear to be determinant in the correct operating of the central nervous system and a precise and systematic analysis of their evolution and interaction is necessary to understand its mechanisms. If an evolution over time could not be highlighted through the pre-synaptic sites analysis, our study suggests however that the inactivation of one of these neuron types triggers drastic changes in the neural network
Ogunleke, Abiodun. "Imagerie chimique 3D de tumeurs du cerveau". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0040/document.
Texto completo da fonteThree-dimensional (3D) histology is a new advanced tool for cancerology. The whole chemical profile and physiological characteristics of a tissue is essential to understand the rationale of pathology development. However, there is no analytical technique, in vivo or histological, that is able to discover such abnormal features and provide a 3D distribution at microscopic resolution.Here, we introduce a unique high- throughput infrared (IR) microscopy method that combines automated image correction and subsequent spectral data analysis for 3D-IR image reconstruction. I performed spectral analysis of a complete organ for a small animal model, a mouse brain with animplanted glioma tumor. The 3D-IR image is reconstructed from 370 consecutive tissue sectionsand corrected using the X-ray tomogram of the organ for an accurate quantitative analysis of thechemical content. A 3D matrix of 89 x 106 IR spectra is generated, allowing us to separate the tumor mass from healthy brain tissues based on various anatomical, chemical, and metabolic parameters. I demonstrate for the first time that quantitative metabolic parameters (glucose, glycogen and lactate) can be extracted and reconstructed in 3D from the IR spectra for the characterization of the brain vs. tumor metabolism (assessing the Warburg effect in tumors). Our method can be further exploited by searching for the whole spectral profile, discriminating different anatomical landmarks in the brain. I demonstrate this by the reconstruction of the corpus callosum and basal ganglia region of the brain
Sanders, Rindra. "Numérisation 3D d'objets transparents par polarisation dans l'IR et par triangulation dans l'UV". Thesis, Dijon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011DIJOS039/document.
Texto completo da fonteTwo non-conventional methods for the 3D digitization of transparent objects via non-contact measurement are reported in this thesis. 3D digitization is a well acknowledged technique for opaque objects and various commercial solutions based on different measurement approaches are available in the market offering different types of resolution at different prices. Since these techniques require a diffused or lambertian surface, their application to transparent surfaces fails. Indeed, rays reflected by the transparent surface are perturbed by diverse inter-reflections induced by the refractive properties of the object. Therefore, in industrial applications like quality control, the transparent objects are powder coated followed by their digitization. However, this method is expensive and can also produce inaccuracies. Among the rare methods suggested in the literature, shape from polarization provides reliable results even though their accuracy had to be improved by coping with the inter-reflections. The two proposed solutions handle the extension of the existing methods to wavelengths beyond visible ranges: - shape from polarization in Infra Red (IR) range to deal with the above-mentioned inter-reflections; - scanning by Ultra Violet (UV) laser (based on triangulation scheme) to overcome the refraction problem that can be feasibly applied in industrial applications. The characteristic physical properties of transparent objects led us to explore the IR and UV ranges; since, transparent glass has strong absorption bands in the IR and UV ranges and therefore has opaque appearance. The first approach exploits the specular reflection of the considered object surface in IR and the second one exploits the fluorescence property of the object when irradiated with UV rays. Shape from polarization traditionally based on telecentric lenses had to be adapted with non-telecentric lenses to be used in the IR range. Thus, an approximation of the orthographic model is developed in this thesis while a validation method is implemented and integrated in the reconstruction process after Stokes parameters estimation, in order to improve the accuracy of the results. Some results of digitized objects are presented, which prove the feasibility of the shape from polarization method in the IR range to be used for transparent objects. A total of four configurations of the triangulation system are implemented in this thesis to exploit fluorescence produced by the UV laser scanning of the second approach. Experimental investigations aimed at characterizing the fluorescence are done. A specific fluorescence tracking method is carried out to deal with the inherent noise in the acquisitions. The uniqueness of the method relies on the criteria that are derived from the analysis of spectroscopic results. A validation method is made to optimize the configuration system while reducing the accuracy of reconstruction error. The results of some object digitization are presented with accuracies better than previously reported works
Reinhardt, Andrew David. "Evaluating and Correcting 3D Flash LiDAR Imagers". University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1627306391961169.
Texto completo da fonteFuchs, Alain. "Outils numériques pour le relevé architectural et la restitution archéologique". Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00145277.
Texto completo da fontela réalisation de maquettes virtuelles destinées à l'architecture et à l'archéologie.
Elle débute par l'étude des techniques d'acquisition 3D utilisées, la lasergrammétrie
et la photogrammétrie architecturale, et se poursuit par une analyse comparative
détaillée de ces dispositifs, basée sur de multiples expérimentations réalisées sur le
terrain lors de la collaboration entre le Map-Crai et le Map-Page.
Ensuite une réflexion sur la morphologie architecturale est abordée autour de ses
variantes typologiques et architectoniques, suivie par les questions théoriques
soulevées par la modélisation 3D et plus spécifiquement la modélisation
architecturale.
Diverses expérimentations sont ensuite présentées, elles constituent le support
d'une réflexion sur le développement d'outils numériques destinés à faciliter la
modélisation géométrique architecturale. La principale contribution de cette thèse
correspond à l'association de cette réflexion empirique à une approche analytique
fondée sur nos connaissances théoriques en architecture, qui aboutit à l'identification
de primitives géométriques contraintes, les moulures. Les outils numériques ainsi
développés dans un logiciel de CAO définissent ces primitives géométriques
ajustables dont le champ d'application initial, spécifique à l'architecture classique,
sera étendu à l'architecture khmère.
Enfin une proposition plus évoluée correspondant à la téléologie de cette thèse,
obtenir de façon efficace un résultat conforme au cahier des charges de la
modélisation architecturale et archéologique, est intégrée dans un logiciel de
synthèse d'image.
Ristorcelli, T. "Evaluation de l'apport des visées multi-angulaires en imagerie laser pour la reconstruction 3D des couverts végétaux". Phd thesis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01020525.
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