Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Îlots (Urbanisme)"
Crie uma referência precisa em APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, e outros estilos
Consulte a lista de atuais artigos, livros, teses, anais de congressos e outras fontes científicas relevantes para o tema "Îlots (Urbanisme)".
Ao lado de cada fonte na lista de referências, há um botão "Adicionar à bibliografia". Clique e geraremos automaticamente a citação bibliográfica do trabalho escolhido no estilo de citação de que você precisa: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
Você também pode baixar o texto completo da publicação científica em formato .pdf e ler o resumo do trabalho online se estiver presente nos metadados.
Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Îlots (Urbanisme)"
HASSANI, Nassima, Sébastien LEBAUT, Gilles DROGUE e Said SGHIR. "Dynamique d'urbanisation et thermographies satellitaires en milieu méditerranéen : le cas du grand Casablanca (Maroc)". Bulletin de la Société Géographique de Liège, 2021, 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.25518/0770-7576.6449.
Texto completo da fonteTeses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Îlots (Urbanisme)"
Dubois, Catherine, e Catherine Dubois. "Adapter les quartiers et les bâtiments au réchauffement climatique : une feuille de route pour accompagner les architectes et les désigners urbains québécois". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25461.
Texto completo da fonteThèse en cotutelle: doctorat sur mesure en ambiance physiques architecturales et urbaines, Université Laval, Québec; Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Toulouse, France
L’augmentation des températures estivales induites par le dérèglement climatique est préoccupante pour les villes des latitudes tempérées froides parce qu’elle exacerbe le phénomène d’îlot de chaleur urbain (ICU) et réduit le confort thermique à l’intérieur des bâtiments. Le territoire de la Communauté métropolitaine de Québec (CMQ) sert de cas d’étude. Les architectes et les designers urbains, s’ils acquièrent les connaissances et les compétences adéquates, peuvent être aussi des acteurs clés de l’adaptation au changement climatique. Deux ateliers de travail collaboratifs réunissant architectes, ingénieurs et designers urbains ont fait état de lacunes à ce sujet. La création d’un outil d’aide à la conception (AAC) spécialisé sur la question de l’adaptation du cadre bâti à la chaleur a été envisagée pour résoudre ce problème. Une recension et une catégorisation d’outils d’AAC ont été conduites pour identifier les qualités susceptibles d’atteindre ce but. Pour le confirmer, sept des outils d’AAC recensés ont été testés par 14 étudiants inscrits à un atelier d’architecture de deuxième cycle de l’Université Laval. Les résultats de l’enquête qui comprend une analyse des présentations finales des projets, un questionnaire électronique et deux groupes de discussion conduits avec les étudiants de l’atelier ont mis en évidence la diversité et la pluralité des besoins des utilisateurs d’outils d’AAC. Pour ces raisons, nous proposons une « feuille de route » (FDR) de l’adaptation au changement climatique pour orienter les praticiens à travers la création d’un projet adapté à la hausse des températures estivales. Celle-ci comprend deux volets : le premier cherche à améliorer la compréhension des praticiens des principaux enjeux de l’adaptation au changement climatique par une organisation graphique et systémique des savoirs. Le deuxième cible et hiérarchise des outils d’AAC qui leur permettent d’acquérir ou de parfaire leurs connaissances de manière autonome. Huit entretiens individuels avec des praticiens de la région de Québec ont été conduits pour vérifier l’atteinte de ces objectifs. Les principaux résultats confirment : i) la capacité de la FDR d’améliorer la compréhension des praticiens, ii) l’intérêt des praticiens pour la formule d’autoapprentissage proposée et iii) la présence des qualités recherchées par les utilisateurs d’outil d’AAC dans la FDR.
L’augmentation des températures estivales induites par le dérèglement climatique est préoccupante pour les villes des latitudes tempérées froides parce qu’elle exacerbe le phénomène d’îlot de chaleur urbain (ICU) et réduit le confort thermique à l’intérieur des bâtiments. Le territoire de la Communauté métropolitaine de Québec (CMQ) sert de cas d’étude. Les architectes et les designers urbains, s’ils acquièrent les connaissances et les compétences adéquates, peuvent être aussi des acteurs clés de l’adaptation au changement climatique. Deux ateliers de travail collaboratifs réunissant architectes, ingénieurs et designers urbains ont fait état de lacunes à ce sujet. La création d’un outil d’aide à la conception (AAC) spécialisé sur la question de l’adaptation du cadre bâti à la chaleur a été envisagée pour résoudre ce problème. Une recension et une catégorisation d’outils d’AAC ont été conduites pour identifier les qualités susceptibles d’atteindre ce but. Pour le confirmer, sept des outils d’AAC recensés ont été testés par 14 étudiants inscrits à un atelier d’architecture de deuxième cycle de l’Université Laval. Les résultats de l’enquête qui comprend une analyse des présentations finales des projets, un questionnaire électronique et deux groupes de discussion conduits avec les étudiants de l’atelier ont mis en évidence la diversité et la pluralité des besoins des utilisateurs d’outils d’AAC. Pour ces raisons, nous proposons une « feuille de route » (FDR) de l’adaptation au changement climatique pour orienter les praticiens à travers la création d’un projet adapté à la hausse des températures estivales. Celle-ci comprend deux volets : le premier cherche à améliorer la compréhension des praticiens des principaux enjeux de l’adaptation au changement climatique par une organisation graphique et systémique des savoirs. Le deuxième cible et hiérarchise des outils d’AAC qui leur permettent d’acquérir ou de parfaire leurs connaissances de manière autonome. Huit entretiens individuels avec des praticiens de la région de Québec ont été conduits pour vérifier l’atteinte de ces objectifs. Les principaux résultats confirment : i) la capacité de la FDR d’améliorer la compréhension des praticiens, ii) l’intérêt des praticiens pour la formule d’autoapprentissage proposée et iii) la présence des qualités recherchées par les utilisateurs d’outil d’AAC dans la FDR.
For mid-latitude cities, higher summer temperatures due to climate change are a cause for concern because they aggravate the urban heat island phenomenon and reduce thermal comfort inside buildings. The territory of the Quebec Metropolitan Community (CMQ) is used as a case study. By acquiring the appropriate knowledge and skills, architects and urban designers can become key actors in adaptation to climate change. Two workshops bringing together architects and urban designers provided evidence of deficiencies in this area. We hypothesized that a design support tool (DST) focused on the issue of adaptation of mid-latitude cities to rising summer temperatures could help improve knowledge and skills of professionals in the field. We conducted a review and classification of DSTs, which highlight the tools’ features that are likely to reach this goal. To verify this, seven DSTs were selected and tested by fourteen students enrolled in a graduate-level architecture design studio. The results from this test, including an analysis of the final projects, a web-based questionnaire and two focus groups, highlighted the diversity and plurality of DSTs user needs. For these reasons, we propose a "roadmap" (RM) of the climate change adaptation to guide practitioners through the design of a project adapted to higher summer temperatures. It includes two parts: the first aims to improve the practitioners understanding of the key issues of climate change adaptation through a graphical and systemic organization of knowledge. The second seeks to target and prioritize DSTs that enable practitioners to acquire or enhance their knowledge on a self-learning basis. Eight individual interviews with professionals working within the CMQ territory were conducted to verify the RM goals achievement. The main results confirm : i) the RM ability to improve the practitioners understanding, ii) the interest of practitioners for the RM formula based on self-learning and iii) the presence of the qualities sought by the DSTs users within the RM.
For mid-latitude cities, higher summer temperatures due to climate change are a cause for concern because they aggravate the urban heat island phenomenon and reduce thermal comfort inside buildings. The territory of the Quebec Metropolitan Community (CMQ) is used as a case study. By acquiring the appropriate knowledge and skills, architects and urban designers can become key actors in adaptation to climate change. Two workshops bringing together architects and urban designers provided evidence of deficiencies in this area. We hypothesized that a design support tool (DST) focused on the issue of adaptation of mid-latitude cities to rising summer temperatures could help improve knowledge and skills of professionals in the field. We conducted a review and classification of DSTs, which highlight the tools’ features that are likely to reach this goal. To verify this, seven DSTs were selected and tested by fourteen students enrolled in a graduate-level architecture design studio. The results from this test, including an analysis of the final projects, a web-based questionnaire and two focus groups, highlighted the diversity and plurality of DSTs user needs. For these reasons, we propose a "roadmap" (RM) of the climate change adaptation to guide practitioners through the design of a project adapted to higher summer temperatures. It includes two parts: the first aims to improve the practitioners understanding of the key issues of climate change adaptation through a graphical and systemic organization of knowledge. The second seeks to target and prioritize DSTs that enable practitioners to acquire or enhance their knowledge on a self-learning basis. Eight individual interviews with professionals working within the CMQ territory were conducted to verify the RM goals achievement. The main results confirm : i) the RM ability to improve the practitioners understanding, ii) the interest of practitioners for the RM formula based on self-learning and iii) the presence of the qualities sought by the DSTs users within the RM.
Forster, Arnaud. "Etude de l'impact des surfaces urbanisées sur la convection en région parisienne à l'aide d'observations et de simulations numériques hectométriques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSEP060.
Texto completo da fonteThe rapid urbanisation that has accompanied the development of cities has profoundly transformed natural environments, exerting a direct influence on the atmosphere in the vicinity. In addition to the well-known phenomenon of the urban heat island, characterised by higher temperatures in urban areas than in the surrounding rural areas, cities also have the capacity to modify convection and precipitation. In favourable situations, these phenomena can be reinforced over and downwind of the urbanised area, depending on the prevailing wind. To improve the modelling of these urban-atmosphere interactions and improve their anticipation, it is essential to study the impact of urbanisation on precipitation and understand the mechanisms involved.This thesis is based on multiple approaches, integrating observational and modelling tools, to conduct a comprehensive study of the impact of urbanisation on convection and precipitation in the Paris region. The first step involved establishing a climatology of thunderstorms over the Île-de-France region and its neighbouring departments between 2010 and 2022. Data from the French radar mosaic and lightning observations were analysed in order to identify the periods of the year and the zones most affected by severe convection in the Paris region. The direction of the mid-altitude wind was considered in this work, which demonstrated an increase in thunderstorm frequency in the sectors over and downwind of the city compared to the upwind sector.Subsequently, a second step involved the conduct of numerical simulations to ascertain the sensitivity of precipitation to urbanisation. Two configurations of the Meso-NH research model were implemented, one accounting for the urbanisation of Paris and the other replacing urban areas with vegetation. The originality of this thesis lies in the usage of a set of simulations with a horizontal resolution of 300m, which allowed for the numerical uncertainties inherent in the modelling of thunderstorm phenomena to be taken into account. This approach, initially tested on a case of diurnal convection, demonstrated its utility for estimating the significance of the results and analysing the urban processes involved in the alteration of precipitation. The method was then extended to a range of convective situations over the Paris region in order to provide a broader overview of the key processes. The analysis carried out showed that due to the increase of sensible heat flux in the urban environment, the vertical velocities in the lower layers are strengthened, and the boundary layer is thicker. This has the effect of triggering convection over the urbanised area and increasing precipitation over or downwind of the city during favourable situations. This work provides new perspectives on the use of ensembles on a horizontal hectometric scale to study complex phenomena such as thunderstorms and their interaction with urbanised surfaces
Kaloustian, Noushig. "L'ilot de chaleur urbaine à Beyrouth". Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1141/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe urban heat island (UHI) is one of the more commonly documented phenomena of climate change. It is related to higher urban temperatures in the city centers as compared to the surrounding rural or suburban areas and can lead to unpleasant effects on urban dwellers not least of all on air quality, energy consumption levels, human health, and even mortality rates. In Beirut, the capital city of Lebanon, the literature clearly points to a lack of research on this topic. In addition, there is no evidence that there is a systematic transfer of urban climatic knowledge between concerned stakeholders like urban planning and environmental authorities which is cause for concern given the ever-increasing worldwide attention being given to climate change adaptation and mitigation measures and sustainable city developments. The objective of this research is to therefore investigate the intensity of UHI in Beirut, to identify most suitable measures to alleviate the effects of UHI from a technical perspective, to assess the implications on urban planning processes and to accordingly find opportunities for planning and design practices in Beirut. Beirut is a coastal city that sits on a peninsula that extends westward into the Mediterranean Sea. It covers a surface area of about 20 square kilometers, has a population of approximately 500,000 inhabitants, with a very high population density of about 21,000 inhabitants / km2.The UHI in Beirut was investigated using the Town Energy Balance (TEB) urban surface exchange modeling scheme developed by Météo France (Masson, 2000). TEB is included in the SURFEX land-surface modeling system. SURFEX means “surface externalisée” and it is a code that represents the energy exchange processes that occur between the atmosphere and the urban surfaces. Simulations were accordingly run across Beirut using TEB for 1 day during the winter season on 1 January, from 00:00 UTC (equivalent to 2:00AM local standard time) to 23:00 UTC, and 1 day during the summer season on 1 July from 00:00 UTC to 23:00 UTC with one hour time steps or one hour output results. During the summer significant variations of up to 6oC were found for canyon temperatures whereas areas characterized by dense urban fabrics had higher temperatures typically due to the larger fraction of man-made as opposed to natural surfaces and due to the lower albedo values (generally 0.2). During the winter, temperature variations were not as significant, differing by up to 1oC between aforementioned areas across Beirut. Therefore areas with high garden fractions were found to play an important cooling effect in the simulations for Beirut. In addition, a significant variation in cooling energy usage was found during the summer across Beirut where simulations showed energy demands as low as 50 W/m2 in areas characterized by higher garden fractions whereas simulations were much higher, up to 800 W/m2, in areas with dense urban fabrics. In the summer heating energy demands were also significant ranging from as low as 20-300 W/m2 across Beirut. Six scenarios were also run on TEB which showed that increasing the albedo of roofs and the fraction of gardens had the most noteworthy cooling effects. This research found that there are opportunities for improvement of the Urban Planning Law and the Building Code of Lebanon for better consideration of the urban microclimatic issues and recommended emphasis on urban greening strategies and cool roofing strategies. this thesis contributed to a better understanding of the urban environment of the city of Beirut and the respective urban parameters that have the most significant impact on reducing some of the impacts of the urban heat island phenomenon. In doing so, this research has paved the way for further work on reducing the UHI effect in Beirut, with the ultimate aim of creating a comfortable and safe environment for its residents, and future generations
Colombert, Morgane. "Contribution à l'analyse de la prise en compte du climat urbain dans les différents moyens d'intervention sur la ville". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00470536.
Texto completo da fontePerreault, Simon. "Processus d'acquisition de nouvelles connaissances en urbanisme : le cas de l'îlot de chaleur urbain". Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11775.
Texto completo da fonteIn the context of current debates on climate change, heat has become a growing concern since the early 2000s, as it impacts people’s health and quality of life. As an element of urban climatology, the concept of urban heat islands emerged as a standard reference used by a number of Quebec scholars and practitioners in environmental management. However, there appears to be certain discrepancies between our current scientific knowledge and its interpretation by urban planners. The objective of this thesis is to better understand the factors that explain this discrepancy, through a study of knowledge acquisition among Quebec urban planners. Using a series of interviews with key actors in the emerging field of UHI’s in Quebec, it has been possible to identify the elements that caused distortions in knowledge transfer. Generally, the lack of interdisciplinarity in the areas of urban climatology and planning throughout the knowledge acquisition process, as well as a partial understanding of the surface temperature maps, help explain the nature of these discrepancies.
Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Îlots (Urbanisme)"
ANTONI, Jean-Philippe. "Espaces bâtis : les immeubles et les quartiers". In Urbanisme et aménagement des villes, 221–89. ISTE Group, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9151.ch5.
Texto completo da fonte