Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Hôte-Invité-Chimie"
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Mirabaud, Anaïs. "Développement d'une chimie hôte-invité pour la valorisation du CO2 via une catalyse éco-compatible". Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSL1052/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe utilization of carbon dioxide (CO2) as a key component in organic transformations has recently drawn much attention as a greener alternative to fossil fuel based resources. The objectives of this work aim at studying the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from the coupling of CO2 with epoxide. Numerous catalysts have been proposed for this reaction among which the ammonium halides providing the nucleophile to initiate the reaction by opening the epoxide. Herein, we propose a new approach based on host-guest chemistry, to improve catalytic reactivity by increasing the nucleophilicity of the halide anion. For this purpose, cavitand molecular receptors able to bind quaternary ammonium ions are used, releasing the anionic nucleophile for the initial epoxide ring-opening reaction. At CO2 atmospheric pressure, our catalytic systems demonstrated a great potential by the dramatic activation of tetramethylammonium halides, whereas when used alone, these catalysts had never shown any activity. The influence of the cavitand structure was investigated through experiments run under 10 bar of CO2 pressure, and revealed that a double activation was possible with cavitand bearing Brönsted acidic hydroxyl functions and optimal recognition properties. The heterogeneization of such catalytic systems was finally studied with the grafting of either ammoniums or cavitands on silica based materials
Garric, Joachim. "Conception, synthèse et étude de nouvelles capsules hélicoïdales : des pelures de pomme moléculaires". Bordeaux 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR13057.
Texto completo da fonteColesnic, Dmitri. "Architectures supramoléculaires hiérarchiques à base de cyclodextrines". Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066616/document.
Texto completo da fonteBiological macromolecules and their assemblies (such as enzymes or viruses) perform extremely complex functions, thanks to their structural control. Our aim is to mimic such elaborated tools and build synthetic hierarchical assemblies using building blocks of cyclodextrin (CD). Using the known DIBAL-H reactivity for polyfonctionalization of CDs several monomers were prepared containing host-guest and electrostatic interactions. Thus, we demonstrated that a competitive self-inclusion and head to head dimerization prevent the formation of larger species in solution. To overcome this problem, a bridging strategy was used to cap the CD monomer and attach the two functionalized sugar units. This led to two types of building blocks (mono- and di-substituted) that showed different beahaviour. The monosubstituted compounds formed supramolecular oligomers in solution while disubstituted ones led to a hierarchical supramolecular self-assembly in the solid-state. Furthermore, efficient DNA compaction was performed involving hydrophobic interaction as a result of the use of monosubstituted positively charged CD building blocks. On the other hand, a single stranded DNA was used to control the size of CD-based supramolecular polymers. For this purpose, a CD monomer containing a hydrophobic moiety and a trinucleotide was developed. The host-guest and base pair interaction synergy allowed the formation of a stable DNA pseudo-duplex
Le, Gac Stéphane. "Synthèse et auto-assemblage de récepteurs moléculaires ditopiques dérivés de calix[6]arène". Le Havre, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LEHA0016.
Texto completo da fonteThe realisation of ditopic molecular receptors derived from calix[6]arenes has been studied according to three different methodologies. The formation, thnaks to cooperative and allosteric processes, of sophisticated hetero self-assembled receptors has been achieved. The originality of theses edifices stands in the fact that the processes are directed by the inclusion of the guests, thus increasing the preorganisation degree of the hosts and directionnality of the interactions between the sub-units. [1+1] macrocyclisation reactions have led efficiently to new calix[6]azacryptands and calix[6]azatubes. Endo-complexation of the guests was accomplished through induced fir processes according to two new original modes of recogintion, thus leading to multitopic receptors. A calix[6]arenic key intermediate possessing three of the six amino groups regioselectively protexted have been obtained quantitatively, conducting to the first ditopic calix[6]azacryptand able to perform ion pair recognition
Rossignol, Julien. "Polymérisation supramoléculaire de cyclodextrines : application à la compaction d’ADN". Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066639/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe synthesis of defined nanometric structures in water remains a challenge for supramolecular chemists. The interaction between adamantane and beta cyclodextrin was thus used to build new supramolecular polymers in solution. The use of a bridged structure enabled us to suppress the self-inclusion phenomenon and to enchance the solubility of our compounds. Supramolecular polymers were characterised using several techniques (ROE, ITC, DOSY, SANS), forming linear species up to 26 polymerised units. These structures were used to condense DNA at low concentrations, taking advantage on their host-guest behavior. Another condensation mechanism was discovered, involving non-specific interactions between cyclodextrins. The same structures were used to transfect plasmidic DNA, but were inefficient. This could be due to their low charge density
Lemonnier, Jean-François. "Architectures cycliques construites à partir du synthpn oxothiomolybdique [Mo2O2S2]2+ : synthèses, structures et réactivité supramoléculaire". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007VERS0039.
Texto completo da fonteThe sulfur containing containing [Mo2O2S2(H2O)6]2+ building block forms cyclic molecules through polycondensation process in water. In presence of appropriate template molecules, a self assembly process occurs and leads to supramolecular host guest systems. Structural and thermodynamical studies of ten new polyoxothiomolybdic compounds with dicarboxylate anions linked to the inorganic moiety allowed to identify the driving forces governing the encapsulation process and to predict the relative stability of these systems with nuclearity varying in the range Mo8 to Mo16. Diffusion Ordered SpectroscopY proved to be a powerful tool to characterize these hybrids compounds. In supramolecular chemistry, a new way to functionalize cyclic molecular materials was developed using sulfate an sulfonate anions involved in hydrogen bond network with the polyoxothiomolybdic system. Furthermore, an inorganic crown ether-like compound bearing two cesium cations was obtained through pH control and was characterized with 133 Cs NMR spectroscopy which demonstrates that host guest intercations is maintened even in solution
Croue, Vincent. "Cages auto-assemblées riches en électrons : vers un contrôle redox du relargage d’invités". Thesis, Angers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ANGE0013/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis work is related to the synthesis and the characterization of electron-rich molecular cages, which are generated through a coordination-driven selfassembly strategy, as well as to the study of their ability to complex or release a substrate using a redox stimulus. A presentation of the metal-driven self-assembly methodology and of the corresponding efficiency in the preparation of three-dimensional structures is first proposed. This project is based on preliminary efforts in the design and the synthesis of electron-rich ligands, which are derived from the tetrathiafulvalene unit (TTF) or its piextended derivative (exTTF), whose pi-donating properties are well-established. Several tetratopic ligands were prepared and characterized. The corresponding discrete self-assemblies were obtained by reaction with various metal complexes, giving rise to various cavities whose shapes and sizes can be triggered. These structures were characterized by NMR (including DOSY), mass spectrometry, X-ray diffraction in some cases. Their electrochemical properties were studied by cyclic voltammetry. Their good binding properties for various neutral and ionic guests were also shown. Finally, exploiting the remarkable geometric and electronic features of exTTF derivatives, the ability of one of the corresponding cages to trigger reversibly the release/complexation process of a guest upon chemical oxidation/reduction, could be demonstrated
Lavendomme, Roy. "Development of strategies for the highly selective functionalization of calixarenes and study of host–guest properties of calixarene-based molecular boxes". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/241320.
Texto completo da fonteThis work concerns the study of polyphenolic platforms, and more particularly, of calixarenes. Oligomeric macrocycles such as calixarenes, cyclodextrins, cyclotriveratrylenes, pillararenes, etc. are widely used as molecular platforms in supramolecular chemistry and in particular for the design of sensors, catalysts, multivalent systems, biomimetic receptors, etc. In general, the synthesis of such supramolecular systems requires the controlled introduction of functional groups on the precursor platform. However, the development of efficient methods for selective modification of macrocyclic oligomers remains extremely challenging. Indeed, in addition to the control of the classical chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivities, the reaction of a defined number of identical functional groups is a key issue that must be solved. Indeed, the functionalization of oligomeric macrocycles such as calixarenes goes through the formation of mono-, di, tri-functionalized products and so on, iteratively. By analogy with iterative processes, we proposed to name “iteroselectivity” the kind of selectivity that governs the number of repeating chemical transformations. In this context, we proposed rational and highly selective strategies for the functionalization of calixarenes. These strategies are mainly based on the carbamatation of calixarene phenolic functions to introduce tert-butylaminocarbonyl groups (i.e. Bac groups). Our leading example is the “all-but-one” carbamatation which can be used to introduce Bac groups on all but one phenol of a large variety of calixarenes. Moreover, using Bac groups as protecting groups led to the synthesis of numerous calixarene derivatives which were, until now, not accessible through conventional means. It is noteworthy that some of these compounds are inherently chiral. No other selective functionalization method described for calixarenes is as general and efficient than this “all-but-one” carbamatation. Besides, we also described a new oxidation method to synthesize calixquinone starting from calixarenes. This method is less risky and more environment-friendly than the most commonly used method which rely on thallium salts, an extremely toxic metal. Through the various synthetic methods developed herein, we also developed calixarene-based molecular boxes. The host–guest properties of these molecular boxes were studied revealing their ability to include small molecules such as water or DMSO. We also developed a method to sequester gases in the solid state relying on an original concept involving calix[6]arene-based molecular boxes. This was exemplified with the sequestration of SF6, known as the most potent greenhouse gas. At last, the extensive characterization of a library of calixarene derivatives by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy led to the development of a general method for the structural and conformational characterization of calixarenes.
Doctorat en Sciences
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Bivaud, Sébastien. "Cages auto-assemblées riches en électrons : synthèse, caractérisation et propriétés d'inclusion". Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00995375.
Texto completo da fonteBayat, Parisa. "Spectrométrie de masse en tandem pour l'étude des énergies de liaison de complexes "hôte-invité" et l'élucidation structurale d'oligosaccharides". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS108.
Texto completo da fonteIn advancing host-guest (H-G) chemistry, considerable effort has been spent to synthesize host molecules with specific and well-defined molecular recognition characteristics including selectivity and adjustable affinity. An important step in the process is the characterization of binding strengths of the H-G complexes. This characterization is typically performed in solution using NMR or fluorescence. Gas-phase investigation of energetics of H-G systems is of great importance in providing information regarding their intrinsic binding properties. The major portion of this thesis is devoted to the study of the energetics of H-G complexes formed by three hemicryptophane cage hosts with various biologically-relevant guest molecules. Among the existing tandem mass spectrometry-based techniques, here we employ blackbody infrared radiative dissociation (BIRD), low-energy collision induced dissociation (low-energy CID), higher-energy collision dissociation (HCD) and high-pressure CID for measurements of energetics of H-G complexes. These techniques were used either alone, or in combination with each other, or with Rice–Ramsperger–Kassel–Marcus (RRKM) modeling. This work has allowed us to develop the low-energy CID, a promising technique, but so far infrequently used
Hu, Wenting. "Stimuli responsive cyclodextrin-based supramolecular polymers". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS133.
Texto completo da fontePrevious work developed bridged β-cyclodextrin derivative which are capable of formation supramolecular polymer. Significantly, it showed a good performance in DNA compaction and cooperative interaction with siRNA. Obtaining higher degree of polymerization of supramolecular polymer, allowing further capability in the gene condensation and gene delivery field, is the subject of thesis work. To achieve this target, using polyfunctionalisation of cyclodextrins developed in the laboratory and the previous strategy to avoid the self-inclusion phenomenon, the β-cyclodextrin/adamantane system is designed: (1) to introduce an adamantyl group located in the center of the cavity to trigger a higher level of the assembly; (2) to introduce cationic groups carrying several positive charge for the interaction with the gene. In addition, small sugar molecule is also employed to construct supramolecular dynamic system, which is expected to endow more complex functions to mimic biological macromolecules. These three β-cyclodextrin derivatives overcome the problem of the formation of self-inclusion in aqueous solution. The self-assembly of these compounds have been characterized by 1H-NMR, NMR-ROESY, NMR-DOSY, ITC, viscosity and DLS. We now have to operate the transfection study to confirm the ability of our designed molecules to act as transfecting agents. Surprisingly, the self-inclusion compound is still obtained even with bridging. A series of experiments: time effect, concentration effect, temperature effect, and pH effect were studied by 1H-NMR, in order to examine the influence of these factors on self-inclusion and aggregation versus supramolecular polymer formation
De, Leener Gaël. "Nouveaux complexes biomimétiques dérivés de calix[6]azacryptands :étude des effets de seconde sphère et greffage sur surface". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/228642.
Texto completo da fontePlus de 30% des enzymes présentent un ion métallique dans leur site actif qui est la clé pour les réactions de catalyse. Une sous-famille d’enzymes comporte un site actif où un seul ion métallique (Zn2+ ou Cun+) est coordiné à un cœur polyhistidine. L’élaboration de composés modèles est important pour la compréhension des mécanismes fondamentaux impliqués dans le cycle biocatalytique de ces enzymes mononucléaires. Dans ce contexte, nous avons développé des ligands basés sur des calix[6]arènes présentant un chapeau polyazoté lié de manière covalente au macrocycle. Ces ligands offrent un site de coordination pour le métal et une cavité hydrophobe bien définie. Cet assemblage permet et contrôle la liaison d’un ligand exogène dans la cavité. Afin de moduler les propriétés des complexes métalliques calixaréniques basés sur une unité coordinante tren (tris(2-aminoéthyl)amine), nous avons synthétisé avec succès et étudié plusieurs nouveaux récepteurs calix[6]aréniques.La synthèse de récepteurs bisétagés, le calix[6]amido-tren et le calix[6]amido-tacn, a permis de modifier la seconde sphère de coordination par incorporation de groupements amide entre la cavité et le site de coordination. Cette stratégie s’est avérée efficace. En effet, la coordination d’anions au centre métallique a été mise en évidence et en particulier celle simultanée de deux Cl pour le Cu-calix[6]amido-tren. Cette coordination d’un ou plusieurs invités anioniques était impossible dans le cas du calix[6]tren parent qui présente une seconde sphère de coordination électroniquement dense et un chapeau trop petit pour y accueillir plusieurs invités. La présence de groupements carbonyle entre la chapeau tren et le calixarène modifie également le comportement des complexes :leur coordination au centre métallique entre en compétition avec celle d’invités exogènes. L’oxydation d’amines encombrées sous O2 en hydroxylamines et oximes a été réalisée par la réduction du complexe cuivrique du calix[6]amido-tren par électrochimie. Ce type d’amines n’est pas oxydable par l’adduit superoxo du complexe parent, dû à la taille de la cavité qui empêche la coordination d’invités encombrés. De plus, la formation d’un adduit superoxo a été mise en évidence qualitativement au départ du complexe cuivreux isolé de ce même composé. Ces résultats permettent d’envisager des études de réactivité mimant le site actif des enzymes PHM et DβM par exemple. Enfin, une comparaison des propriétés hôte-invité et de la réactivité des complexes du calix[6]amido-tren avec celles des complexes du calix[6]amido-tacn a été réalisée afin d’évaluer l’impact de la nature du chapeau polyazoté sur les propriétés hôte-invité et la réactivité de ces complexes.Une méthodologie de déméthylation assistée de manière supramoléculaire a été développée pour différents calix[6]azacryptands chapeautés. Celle-ci a ensuite été appliquée avec succès à la déméthylation du calix[6]tren pour obtenir le calix[6]trentrisPhOH. Ce récepteur a montré un comportement très différent de celui du récepteur parent. En effet, la complexation d’anions et d’ammoniums biologiquement pertinents a été possible par ce récepteur protonné. L’interaction entre le centre métallique et les phénates en présence de base a conduit à la réalisation d’un switch moléculaire multi-étapes entre différents états de protonation du récepteur et du complexe zincique. Son complexe cuivrique a montré la présence d’un radical phénoxyle après oxydation du phénate. Cette espèce CuII-radical phénoxyle mime la forme oxydée du site actif de la galactose oxydase, catalysant l’oxydation d’alcools en aldéhydes. Ces résultats ouvrent donc la voie à de nouvelles perspectives pour les études de réactivité de ce composé.Un analogue du calix[6]tren, porteur d’un bras avec une fonction réactive sur le chapeau, a été synthétisé et complexé au cuivre avant d’être immobilisé sur surface via la formation de monocouches. Les électrodes ainsi modifiées ont été étudiées en milieu organique et aqueux. En milieu organique, les propriétés hôte-invité du calix[6]tren sont conservées après immobilisation. En milieu aqueux, un système redox réversible a été observé. Celui-ci a permis la détection sélective d’alkylamines linéaires par le système à pH basique. A notre connaissance, il s’agit du premier système supramoléculaire à cuivre, immobilisé sur surface, qui permet cette détection en milieu aqueux.
Doctorat en Sciences
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Inthasot, Alex. "Nouveaux récepteurs cavitaires dérivés de calix[6]arènes : fonctionnalisation sélective, chimie de coordination et reconnaissance moléculaire dans l’eau". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/224570.
Texto completo da fonteDoctorat en Sciences
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Six, Natacha. "Nouveaux transporteurs et ligands supramoléculaires pour la catalyse organométallique aqueuse". Thesis, Artois, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ARTO0406.
Texto completo da fonteThe development of clean chemical synthesis currently mobilizes a wide range of scientific teams. Aqueous phase organometallic catalysis is a process that uses water as a green solvent. However, these systems are not really active with hydrophobic substrates. We can use supramolecular receptors as cyclodextrins to promote masse transfer between the aqueous and the organic phase. First, news supramolecular receptorss have been synthesized. These various mono and ditopic receptors have been evaluated in two catalytic reactions: allylic cleavage of carbonate and urethane (Trost-Tsuji) and hydroformylation of hydrophobic alkenes. Second, cyclodextrins and PTA-based ligands have been used in a thermocontroled catalytic process. The reaction takes place at high temperature and the catalyst is recycled at low temperature
Bivaud, Sébastien. "Cages auto-assemblées riches en électrons : synthèse, caractérisation et propriétés d'inclusion". Phd thesis, Angers, 2012. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00995375.
Texto completo da fonteThe metal-driven self-assembly methodology has afforded a large panel of molecular polygons (triangle, square,. . . ) and polyhedrons (cubes, prisms,. . . ). Nevertheless, very few of them are electro-active and none presents an electron-rich cavity. The topic of this thesis concerns the synthesis and characterization of the first examples of metal-based self-assembled electron-rich molecular cages, as well as the study of their capacity to include various molecular substrates. These new self-assembled discrete structures incorporate redox-active walls based on the tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) moiety, a well-established unit known as a redox modulator for varied molecular / supramolecular architectures. On this ground, several synthetic routes to various new ligands incorporating this unit (or derivatives such as BPTTF or exTTF) and two or four coordinating moieties have been developed. Electronic properties (spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry) as well as structural features (DFT calculation, X-ray diffraction) of these systems have been determined and allow to anticipate their self-assembly behavior. The metal-driven self-assembly methodology was applied to these ligands from various metal complexes. A molecular triangle was characterized and demonstrates an excellent ability to bind a complementary electrodeficient molecule (C60). In addition, tetratopic ligands allowed the access of the first examples of TTF-based cages (prisms, cubes,. . . ), with electron-rich cavities. These architectures have been characterized through various spectroscopic methods (eg DOSY, FTICR,. . . ) and in some cases by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Finally, the capacity of this new type of cavities to include varied molecular guests is discussed
Rydzek, Gaulthier. "Assemblage de films polymères par réaction click électrocontrôlée". Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00756082.
Texto completo da fonteHess, Robin. "Foldamères d'oligoamides aromatiques pour les machines moléculaires et comme récepteurs de sucres". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0473.
Texto completo da fonteAromatic oligoamide foldamers are abiotic backbones that fold into secondary structures such as helices and sheets, similar to proteins. They can adopt defined conformations such as helices, capsules, and cones, leveraging their rigidity, torsional flexibility, and noncovalent interactions to selectively bind specific guests. These versatile properties open pathways for designing advanced molecular architectures that can perform complex functions, such as molecular shuttling and selective guest recognition. This work focuses on two such systems: (1) characterizing the interdependent cascading motions between a macrocycle and helix along a thread in a foldarotaxane-molecular machine under pH stimuli and variable concentration, and (2) developing a double helical cone-shaped receptor for carbohydrate binding, addressing the limitations of traditional foldamer capsules. (1) A foldarotaxane forms through the self-assembly of a helical foldamer and a macrocycle around a dumbbell-shaped molecular axle. The axle contains two stations for the macrocycle, one of which is more attractive at low pH, while the other becomes favoured at high pH. Similarly, the helix has two binding stations of different lengths, and the more attractive station is located near the second macrocycle station, creating competition between the helix and macrocycle at higher pH. Under low concentrations and pH stimuli, the macrocycle translates the helix along the axle. At higher concentrations, faster helix disassembly and reassembly lead to a compartmentalized supramolecular shuttle where the helix and macrocycle can be trapped in regions of lower affinity. (2) While aromatic oligoamide foldamer capsules offer precise shape complementarity, they limit guest exposure to the solvent, restricting applications such as binding larger molecules (e.g., glycosylated proteins) or selective chemical transformations. To address this, we developed a double helical cone-like receptor by modifying the capsule design and preventing the dimerization of single helical cones. The new receptor, incorporating a turn unit in the foldamer backbone, was tested for its binding affinity and selectivity toward various monosaccharides and disaccharides
Testard, Clara. "Synthèse et étude de régioisomères de cyclodextrines asymétriquement pontées et leur application en reconnaissance chirale". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUS226.
Texto completo da fonteThe development of new receptors for the chiral recognition of small molecules of biological interest is an important field of host-guest chemistry, providing a better understanding of molecular recognition mechanisms in life. Proteins recognize their substrate through a set of weak interactions based on the precise arrangement of certain amino acids within their active site. When the substrate is chiral, it's not only the L chirality of the amino acid constituents that dictates enantioselectivity, but the whole three-dimensional structure of the protein. Taking a biomimetic approach, this thesis project is devoted to shaping the cavity shape of α-cyclodextrins (CDs) in order to increase their asymmetry and direct their enantioselectivity in chiral recognition processes. To this end, our strategy relies on the deformation of the CD cavity by intramolecular bridging associated with the encapsulation of a metal cation, which has already been demonstrated in our team on similar systems. This is why, in the course of this thesis work, we successfully synthesized two regioisomers of asymmetrically tren-bridged CDs, and the corresponding copper(II) complexes. Following our team's previous studies demonstrating the pseudo-enantiomeric character of such regioisomers, we have extended this concept to water-soluble permethylated CDs. The study of the chiral recognition in water of a series of chiral carboxylates by the latter revealed singular selectivities by these regioisomers. In particular, a case of enantioselectivity inversion between our two hosts was observed. We have thus demonstrated for the first time that a pair of asymmetrically bridged regioisomeric CDs are capable of inducing opposite enantioselectivities, as would a pair of true enantiomers. The final part of the project involved a preliminary study of the catalytic properties of our regioisomeric pair, in the copper catalysis of the Henry reaction. Our system proved to be not very efficient for the asymmetric catalysis of this reaction. Nevertheless, the opposite enantioselectivities obtained validate our concept of chiral induction by a pair of regioisomeric CDs whose cavity has been deformed by bridging
Legrand, François-Xavier. "Nouveaux transporteurs et ligands à base de cyclodextrine pour les processus de catalyse organométallique en milieu aqueux". Thesis, Artois, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ARTO0405/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe development of clean chemical synthesis currently mobilizes a wide range of scientific teams. Thereby, the aqueous phase organometallic catalysis is a process that uses a green solvent par excellence, water. In this type of processes, the organometallic catalyst generally gets water-soluble thanks to the use of water-soluble phosphanes. However, these systems aren't really active with hydrophobic organic substrates. In order to avoid this problem, we can use cyclodextrins to promote mass transfer between the organic phase and the aqueous phase. However, the formation of an inclusion complex between the water-soluble phosphane and the cyclodextrin can also be created, generating a decrease in the catalytic activity due to the poisoning of the macrocyclic cavity, and also a modification of the catalytic system's nature leading to the formation of less selective catalytic species. Studying various catalytic systems which involve chemically modified cyclodextrins enabled the creation of catalytic systems the properties of which are kept. Otherwise, another approach in the use of cyclodextrins in aqueous phase organometallic catalytic processes enabled the synthesis of cyclodextrin-based ligands where the cyclodextrin plays the role of hydrophilic group. In this case, not only does it ensure the water-solubility of the ligand, but the cyclodextrin also gives molecular recognition properties to these ligands, which can lead to catalytic systems which possess specific properties
Bertrand, Arthur. "Élaboration d'agents de transfert fonctionnalisés, précurseurs de copolymères supramoléculaires par liaisons hydrogène et interactions hôte/invité". Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00735755.
Texto completo da fonteBertrand, Arthur. "Élaboration d’agents de transfert fonctionnalisés, précurseurs de copolymères supramoléculaires par liaisons hydrogène et interactions hôte/invité". Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAL0157/document.
Texto completo da fonteOver the past decade, some (rare) examples of block copolymers with supramolecular links between the building blocks have been described. Because the association between macromolecular blocks is a reversible process, such polymers are of great interest in the field of nanostructured materials, self-healing materials, or processing aid. The main goal of this work is to develop new supramolecular architectures, by a combination of RAFT polymerization and H-bonding. In a first step, several chain transfer agents and a radical initiator possessing complementary thymine or diaminopyridine H-bonding moeties were synthesized. These precursors were used to generate a panel of polymers α- or α,ω-functionalized with these H-bonding stickers in a quantitative manner. The self-assembly of the resulting polymer blocks was highlighted by 1H NMR, AFM and rheological measurements. This approach was subsequently adapted to the development of hydrophilic supramolecular comb-shaped polymers, based on the β-cyclodextrin/adamantane host/guest complexation
Wang, Xiang. "Orchestration de l'auto-assemblage et des mouvements moléculaires de pseudo-rotaxanes helicoïdaux". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0076/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe directional motion orchestration of supramolecular architectures is crucial for the construction of artificial molecular machines. Aromatic amide oligomers (i.e. foldamers) can adopt stable helical conformations able to wind around dumbbell-like guests to form (pseudo)-rotaxanes. A fine control of the association-dissociation kinetics allows the oligomers to slide along the rods without dissociation. In this thesis, based on the segregation of the kinetics of association-dissociation and sliding, helical oligomer motions were orchestrated to form complex self-assemblies and to perform directional motion. NMR and crystallographic studies showed that multistation rod guests can template the formation of well-defined multi-helical supramolecular polymers with high fidelity. Each station possessing a defined length and chirality can induce the complexation of oligomers presenting matching length and chirality. Directional sliding of a double helical oligomer along linear multistation rod guests was investigated. Placing a bulky spacer on the rod prohibits the sliding process, forcing the oligomer to dissociate and reassociate onto the thermodynamically favored station. An asymmetrical oligomer was prepared showing highly selective binding toward asymmetrical rod guests. The threading of this oligomer onto linear asymmetrical guests was investigated. Kinetic data indicated that the threading orientation of this asymmetrical oligomer was polarized by its passage along guest molecules
Cornut, Damien. "Synthèse et étude des propriétés hôte-invité de récepteurs hétéroditopiques de type calix[6]crypt-(thio)urée". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209159.
Texto completo da fontefaibles entre molécules. Ces interactions sont très répandues dans les systèmes naturels et de
nombreux récepteurs moléculaires synthétiques ont été développés, soit pour un apport
théorique à la compréhension de ces processus de reconnaissance, soit pour d’éventuelles
applications en biologie ou en chimie analytique par exemple.
Les calix[6]arènes sont des composés intéressants pour la reconnaissance moléculaire.
Ils possèdent une cavité idéale pour l’inclusion de petites molécules et peuvent être modifiés
par l’ajout de divers motifs de reconnaissance. Le premier calix[6]crypturée préalablement
étudié au sein du Laboratoire de Chimie Organique est un récepteur dont la cavité aromatique
est juxtaposée à un motif de reconnaissance pour anions. Ce dernier est composé d’un
chapeau à base de tren (tris(2-aminoéthyl)amine) portant trois groupes urée. Ce récepteur
possède notamment une forte sélectivité pour le chlorure et une forte affinité pour les paires
d’ions organiques de type chlorure d’ammonium, dans un solvant apolaire (CDCl3).
Cependant, ces propriétés de reconnaissance sont beaucoup plus limitées dans un solvant
protique (CD3OD), ce qui restreint les éventuelles applications. L’objectif de ces travaux a été
de synthétiser de nouveaux dérivés avec une modification autour du site tris-urée pour
renforcer les propriétés de reconnaissance, notamment en milieu protique.
La première stratégie a consisté à agrandir le chapeau cryptant reliant les trois groupes
urée. Trois modes différents de complexation d’ammonium intra-cavitaire ont été mis en
évidence dans un solvant apolaire, dont deux sont remarquables. Avec un anion peu
coordinant (le picrate), le récepteur protoné inclut l’ammonium selon un processus
allostérique pour donner un complexe dicationique. Avec la protonation du récepteur et un
anion dichargé (SO4
2-), l’inclusion de l’ammonium constitue un complexe cascade, stable en
milieu protique.
La deuxième stratégie a consisté à supprimer les groupes méthyle du petit col
calixarénique via une réaction de déméthylation sélective pour obtenir le calix[6]crypturée
1,3,5-trishydroxyle. Dans un solvant apolaire, ce récepteur a montré une plus forte sélectivité
pour la complexation de paires d’ions par rapport à la complexation d’anions, permettant par
exemple de complexer le chlorhydrate de O,O-diméthyldopamine.
La troisième stratégie a été de synthétiser le calix[6]cryptothiourée, un récepteur dont
le chapeau comporte trois groupes thiourée. Cette modification structurale a fortement
renforcé la complexation d’anions mais n’a pas favorisé la complexation de paires d’ions dans
un solvant protique.
Enfin, la complexation de zwittérions a été testée sur l’ensemble de ces récepteurs et le
calix[6]cryptothiourée s’est avéré être un remarquable complexant de la B-alanine bétaïne.
Dans un mélange protique (CD3OD/CDCl3 1:1) la constante d’association est élevée (K ≈ 104
M-1) et supérieure d’au moins trois ordres de grandeur par rapport aux autres zwittérions
testés. C’est à notre connaissance un des rares récepteurs de bétaïnes et le premier à être
sélectif pour la B-alanine bétaïne. Enfin, le biomimétisme du mode de reconnaissance a été
montré par comparaison avec une protéine transporteur de bétaïne (Corynebacterium
glutamicum).
Doctorat en sciences, Spécialisation chimie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Grandeury, Arnaud. "Complexes supramoléculaires cristallisés chiraux de type hôte-invité avec des cyclodextrines perméthylées : Extension à la complexation d'un inhibiteur enzymatique". Rouen, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ROUES044.
Texto completo da fonteThese studies are devoted to the understanding of the fine mechanisms during the association of supramolecular host-guest complexes. An original, systematic, and multidisciplinary methodology led to an improved determination of the factors involved in the molecular recognition and the stereoselective complexation. The guest molecules have been chosen as an homologous series, and made it possible to study the influence of one molecular parameter on the inclusion geometries and stackings. The first part of this work relates the study of the stereoselectivity, inclusion geometry and crystallization behaviour of supramolecular complexes formed between halogeneous derivatives of phenylethanol (guest) and permethylated -ß-cyclodextrin (host). The study of these compounds highlighted the possibility to resolve racemic mixtures at a preparativescale by means of crystallization processes. The crystal structure determinations by X-ray diffraction made it possible to partially rationalize the possibilities or the limitations of such an approach. A second part uses the knowledge and know-how acquired to consider the formation of complexes with (Z,Z)-BABCH (synthetic enzymatic inhibitor), with the aim of increasing its photochemical stability, and of developing an efficient method in order to isolate this molecule from its isomers. An original approach using of inclusion complexes in a reaction carried out without solvent gave access to the (Z,E) a,ß unsaturated cycloalkone. Another way involved the use of tailor-made salts in order to extract selectively the (Z,Z) compound
Paugam, Mikaël. "Synthèse de récepteurs de molécules aromatiques π-déficitaires. Etude des systèmes hôte-invité par interactions aromatiques : application au renforcement de la chimioséléctivité de la réaction par métallation". Rouen, INSA, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ISAM0002.
Texto completo da fonteDe, Leener Gaël. "Nouveaux complexes biomimétiques dérivés de calix[6]azacryptands : étude des effets de seconde sphère et greffage sur surface". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB024/document.
Texto completo da fonteMore than 30% of all enzymes present a metal ion in their active site. Interesting sub-families present a mononuclear active site where a single metal ion (Zn2+ or Cun+) is coordinated to a polyhistidine core. The elaboration of model compounds is important for understanding the fundamental mechanisms involved in their bio-catalytic cycles. In this context, we have developed calix[6]arene based ligands presenting an aza cap covalently linked to the calixarene moiety. These supramolecular assemblies present several advantages: they offer a coordination site for a metal ion through the nitrogen donor atoms of the cap, the small rim of the calixarene moiety defines the second coordination sphere, and the hydrophobic cavity presents an access channel for exogenous ligands. In these systems the coordinating nitrogen atoms are separated from the oxygen rich small rim by two carbon atoms, which allows the controlled coordination of one single guest inside the cavity. Wanting to modulate the properties of the calix[6]arene tren-based (tris(2-aminoethyl)amine) ligand, we successfully synthetized several new receptors and studied their reactivity. The synthesis of “two-story” receptors, the calix[6]amido-tren and calix[6]amido-tacn, allowed the modification of the first and second coordination sphere of a coordinated metal ion by introducing an additional spacer between the tripodal aza-cap and the calixarene macrocycle. The complexes of CuI, CuII and ZnII of these new ligands were synthesized and their reactivity was studied. The presence of three potentially coordinating carbonyl groups changed the host-guest reactivity of these metal complexes as they are in competition with exogenous ligands. A comparative study of the host-guest properties and of the reactivity of the metal complexes of both ligands, calix[6]amido-tren and calix[6]amido-tacn was realized. The cavity of these “two-story” ligands is larger than the one of the parent calix[6]tren and more flexible, allowing not only the coordination of an anion, but the simultaneous coordination of two Cl¯ ligands. The oxidation of sterically hindered amines into hydroxylamines and oximes in the presence of O2 was electrochemically realized by the reduction of the cupric center forming a CuII-superoxo adduct as the reactive species. Amine oxidation has been shown for the parent complex, however, the scope of this reaction was limited due to the smaller cavity. The formation of a CuII-superoxo adduct of the calix[6]amido-tren complex was qualitatively evidenced at low temperature upon addition of O2 to the isolated cuprous complex. This type of adduct has attracted much attention in recent years since it is considered to be a reactive intermediate in the catalytic cycle of copper monooxygenases, such as PHM and DβM. A supramolecular assisted demethylation methodology was developed for different capped calix[6]azacryptands. This methodology was then successfully applied to the demethylation of calix[6]tren in order to obtain calix[6]trentrisPhOH. This receptor showed a very different behavior in comparison to the parent one. Indeed, the complexation of anions and biologically relevant ammonium ions was evidenced by the monoprotonated receptor. The metal complexes of CuII and ZnII were synthesized. The interaction between the metal center and the phenate groups in presence of base has been evidenced and has conducted to a multi-step molecular switch. The cupric complex showed the presence of a phenoxyl radical resembling the oxidized form of galactose oxidase, catalyzing the oxidation of alcohols into aldehydes. These results open the way to new perspectives in reactivity studies. An analog of calix[6]tren, bearing a functionalized reactive arm on the tren cap, was synthesized and the corresponding CuII complex was immobilized on a gold surface through a monolayer formation. (...)
Roche, Cécile. "Porphyrin-based [3]- and [4]rotaxanes : towards an adaptable molecular receptor". Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00763533.
Texto completo da fonteBrugnara, Andrea. "Contrôle cavitaire de la réactivité redox d'un ion métallique (Cu) dans un environnement biomimétique". Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05P625/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe X6TMPA molecule is composed by a tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (TMPA) cap covalently linked to the small rim of the calix[6]arene. This compound can coordinate and stabilize a Cu(I)/Cu(II) ion in a mononuclear environment. These compounds possess unique properties in host-guest and redox chemistry.This PhD thesis work describes some synthetic strategies employed in order to modify the scaffold of the macrocycle, either at the large or the small rim. Moreover, the studies conducted in order to evaluate the impact of each structural modification on the reactivity of the resulting system are detailed. Chapter 2 describes the “large rim tri-functionalization” strategy. It has been employed to introduce three hydrophilic moieties on the calix[6]arene unit. These groups enable the water-solubilization of the molecule, as well as the Cu(I)/Cu(II) monometallic complexes. For these systems, host-guest chemistry in aqueous media has been explored: a remarkable property is the high affinity of the cupric complex for fluoride anion. Chapter 3 describes the “large rim hexa-functionalization” strategy. The obtained compounds have been employed for novel applications, as surface functionalization or “monoclick” reaction. Chapter 4 describes the “small rim tri-functionalization” strategy. The obtained compounds are reactive in solution. A phenol-containing macrocycle, that gives a stable radical species at room temperature, and a quinone-containing macrocycle, in which the calix[6]arene moiety is a redox-active unit, are presented. Moreover, the reactivity of the monometallic complexes (Zinc, Copper) has been explored and discussed
Noujeim, Nadim. "Propriétés supramoléculaires des cations diimidazolium disubstitués : des complexes d’inclusion en solution aux interactions à l’état cristallin et cristal liquide". Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4751.
Texto completo da fonteImidazolium salts play an important role in different proteins and nucleic acids and have been used many times in supramolecular assemblies due to their unique properties. Diimidazolium salts derived from imidazolium salts are less known. To date, they have only been used as precursors for N-heterocyclic carbenes, which are used to catalyze various cross-coupling reactions. Their properties are not well known in supramolecular chemistry. This class of compounds attracted our attention because of the ease of tuning their properties by modifying their chemical structure. The main goal of the research presented in this thesis was to study the supramolecular properties of disubstituted diimidazolium salts in solution (aqueous or organic solution), in the solid state and in the liquid-crystalline state. The role of the spacer between the two imidazolium moieties, of the sidechains and of the counterions was studied. Firstly, the complexation between diimidazolium salts and various macrocycles was studied. Bromide salts were studied in aqueous solution with cyclodextrins and cucurbit[7]uril, while hexafluorophosphate salts were studied in organic solution with a DB24C8 crown ether and a calix[4]arene. This novel class of compounds showed very promising complexation properties with these macrocycles in solution and also allowed us to control the formation of various supramolecular assemblies at the air-water interface. Secondly, phenylenediimidazolium salts were studied and allowed the modification of the complexation properties in aqueous solution. Multiple complexes can be formed simultaneously with cucurbit[7]uril in aqueous solution. The same class of compounds also has the ability to yield ionic liquid crystals when the alkyl sidechains are long. The resolution of the crystalline structures of some synthesized diimidazolium salts allowed us to understand the nature of the intermolecular interactions in the solid state. The research presented in this thesis is a complete study of the supramolecular properties of diimidazolium salts in every accessible state of matter.
Petrov-Gueorguiev, Nino. "Nouveaux tétraoxa[8]circulènes ayant une géométrie de double-bol : synthèse, cristallisation et interactions avec invités électropauvres". Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25437.
Texto completo da fonteAromaticity and antiaromaticity remain important topics of chemical research because these concepts explain the reactivity of various classes of molecules. For instance, certain polycyclic compounds with π-extended conjugation, such as tetraoxa[8]circulenes, contain both aromatic and antiaromatic rings, which affect their physicochemical properties. Oxacirculenes consist of a circular arrangement of four furan and four benzene rings positioned in an alternating fashion, thus creating a formally antiaromatic cyclooctatetraene (COT) core. Despite this, oxacirculenes exhibit great stability. They can serve as components in optoelectronic devices such as electroluminescent diodes, and their molecular organisation in the solid state can be controlled in ways that influence their properties. The present memoir describes the synthesis of tetraoxa[8]circulenes by a very special acid-catalysed cyclocondensation reaction starting from suitable 1,4-quinones, thereby allowing the preparation of large conjugated molecules in a single step. The compounds prepared have an awkward molecular structure that inhibits efficient packing and creates voids in the crystal structure, allowing the inclusion of guests. In particular, the inclusion of C60, achieved by cocrystallization, appears to create charge-transfer interactions as indicated by uniformization of bond lengths in the COT core. Optical properties studied by UV-vis spectroscopy and fluorescence show that oxacirculenes are sensitive to their local chemical environment, suggesting that they can be used as chemical sensors for the rapid detection of guests.