Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Hôte intermédiaire"
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Veja os 18 melhores trabalhos (teses / dissertações) para estudos sobre o assunto "Hôte intermédiaire".
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Lardans, Vinca. "Approche de la transformation génétique du gastéropode Biomphalaria glabrata, hôte intermédiaire de Schistosoma mansoni". Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL10210.
Texto completo da fonteParmi les differents genes rapporteurs testes (-galactosidase, -glucuronidase et luciferase), seul le gene de la luciferase semble utilisable. La recherche d'un promoteur homologue a ete entreprise. L'adnc de l'actine non musculaire de b. Glabrata a ete clone et utilise comme sonde pour isoler son promoteur. Aucun element transposable n'ayant encore ete identifie dans le genome du gasteropode, nous avons teste, sans succes, la mobilite de 2 transposons d'insectes (hobo de d. Melanogaster et hermes de m. Domestica) dans les cellules bge. Par une strategie pcr et a l'aide d'amorces derivees du transposon mariner, une sequence presentant une faible homologie avec les sequences de mariner de d. Tigrina (planaire) et c. Elegans (nematode) a ete isolee qui correspond probablement a un vestige de transposase. Sur la base de ces resultats, la caracterisation d'un element transposable chez b. Glabrata est envisageable
Ouwe, Missi Oukem-Boyer Odile. "Recherche et caractérisation d'une molécule immunologiquement apparentée au TNF[Alpha] chez le mollusque Biomphalaria glabrata, hôte intermédiaire du parasite Schistosoma mansoni : intérêt dans la relation hôte-parasite". Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10130.
Texto completo da fonteLeducq, Régine. "Echinococcose alvéolaire : migration et différenciation dans l'hôte intermédiaire expérimental. Aspects morphologiques et biochimiques". Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20181.
Texto completo da fonteDianne, Lucile. "Caractérisation du rôle du stade non-infectieux du parasite acanthocéphale Pomphorhynchus laevis dans la manipulation comportementale de son hôte intermédiaire amphipode". Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00866995.
Texto completo da fonteJaquet, Mathilde. "Le microbiote des hôtes intermédiaires escargots et des moustiques vecteurs de zoonoses sous contraintes génétiques et environnementales : une approche de la capacité vectorielle". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Perpignan, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024PERP0032.
Texto completo da fonteIn light of the significant increase in the emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases worldwide, it is crucial to understand the factors involved in these events. Among these factors, food resources and the microbiome appear central in the tripartite relationship composed of the host, the pathogens it transmits, and the environment. Thus, the objective of this thesis was to identify the links between biotic and abiotic environmental factors, the microbiome, and vector competence in mollusks and arthropods that vector zoonotic diseases. This research has enhanced our understanding of the bacterial communities within the microbiome of natural populations of Bulinus truncatus and Galba truncatula, and has studied the influence of environmental factors and host genetics on these communities. It has also evaluated the link between plant-based food resources and the vector competence of laboratory populations of Aedes albopictus. These studies provide new and relevant insights into how interactions between the environment, the microbiome, and host vector competence can influence the transmission dynamics of infectious diseases, offering perspectives for managing infectious diseases and identifying high-risk areas for emergence
Voinson, Marina. "Émergence et contrôle des épidémies dans les populations humaines". Thesis, Lille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1R063.
Texto completo da fonteInfectious diseases have shaped the history of the human species. Nowadays, the emergence of new pathogens threatens public health. Understanding the interaction between pathogen ecology and human behaviour can help understanding the dynamics observed in human populations. In this thesis, two main axes were studied: the epidemic dynamics of emerging infectious diseases (EID's) in human populations and the impact of human behaviour on the control of infectious diseases. The epidemic dynamics of emerging pathogens is poorly understood because it is often studied without taking into account the effect of their characteristics, namely their persistence in a reservoir population and their ability to emerge in a broad range of species. For the first time, we modeled the dynamics of EID's and highlighted that transmission from both the reservoir and intermediate populations are critically important to consider in order to understand the many and unpredictable outbreaks that can be observed. Thereafter, the impact of human behaviour on infectious diseases control was studied by considering two aspects, vaccination decision-making and cultural practices. We show that consideration of cognitive biases related to vaccination decision-making and the interaction between behaviour and epidemiology can lead to the fluctuations observed in vaccination coverage. Finally, the study of cultural practices has shown that, although often assumed to favour the spread of pathogens in a population, certain practices can limit disease transmission. The results taken together suggest that an ecological approach is key for predicting the dynamics underpinning the emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases and adapt control strategies
Abrivard, Marie. "Caractérisation d'une protéine humaine potentiellement impliquée dans l'infection par Toxoplasma gondii". Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077127.
Texto completo da fonteToxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that belongs to the Apicomplexa phylum. It causes toxoplasmosis, a generally benign disease that can turn severe especially in case of immunodeficiency as a consequence of the reaction of parasites that persist in deep tissues. T. Gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that manipulates the host signaling pathways to build a niche where to grow and persit. To this end, the parasite secretes several proteins, mostly kinases so far, that inhibit innate cellular defense and controls the immune response. We have identified a kinase counteracting protein, namely a ser/thr phosphatase type 2C (TgPP2C). This work shows that parasites modified at the endogenous locus secrete a fusion TgPP2C-HA into the host cell cytoplasm. In order to identify putative TgPP2C partners and substrates, a Yeast Two Hybrid screen has been carried out and has identified FM08 as partner candidate. The second part of this thesis aims at characterizing the FM08 protein for which nothing was known a part from its mention within a list of putative regulators of MAPK pathway. We discover that FM08 binds indeed to TgPP2C but is chiefly is a selective partner of intermediate filaments in epithelial cells. The partnership is quite sustained along the filaments but also when these reorganize into particles as during mitosis or upon oxidative stress. We also point a larger complex including the p38 as a bonafidae partner of FM08. Our current investigation assesses whether FM08 is a substrate of p38 and how it could be involved in controlling the cytokeratin-mediated cell response to stress including during infection in order to preserve cell and tissue integrity
Voinson, Marina. "Émergence et contrôle des épidémies dans les populations humaines". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LILUR063.
Texto completo da fonteInfectious diseases have shaped the history of the human species. Nowadays, the emergence of new pathogens threatens public health. Understanding the interaction between pathogen ecology and human behaviour can help understanding the dynamics observed in human populations. In this thesis, two main axes were studied: the epidemic dynamics of emerging infectious diseases (EID's) in human populations and the impact of human behaviour on the control of infectious diseases. The epidemic dynamics of emerging pathogens is poorly understood because it is often studied without taking into account the effect of their characteristics, namely their persistence in a reservoir population and their ability to emerge in a broad range of species. For the first time, we modeled the dynamics of EID's and highlighted that transmission from both the reservoir and intermediate populations are critically important to consider in order to understand the many and unpredictable outbreaks that can be observed. Thereafter, the impact of human behaviour on infectious diseases control was studied by considering two aspects, vaccination decision-making and cultural practices. We show that consideration of cognitive biases related to vaccination decision-making and the interaction between behaviour and epidemiology can lead to the fluctuations observed in vaccination coverage. Finally, the study of cultural practices has shown that, although often assumed to favour the spread of pathogens in a population, certain practices can limit disease transmission. The results taken together suggest that an ecological approach is key for predicting the dynamics underpinning the emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases and adapt control strategies
Barkire, Nouhou. "Compétition entre les espèces Schistosoma haematobium et Schistosoma mansoni au niveau des miracidiums et des mollusques hôtes intermédiaires". Tours, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOUR3804.
Texto completo da fonteBalus, Wojciech. "Contribution à l'étude des hôtes intermédiaires des bilharzioses: écologie des mollusques dulcicoles dans deux cours d'eau du Zaïre oriental". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213485.
Texto completo da fonteHuot, Camille. "Caractérisation et rôle dans l'interaction tripartite du microbiote d'hôtes intermédiaires Planorbidae des parasites trématodes Schistosoma spp. agent responsable de la bilharziose". Thesis, Perpignan, 2019. https://theses-public.univ-perp.fr/2019PERP0041.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteEvery living organism is faced, eventually, to microorganisms, whether they are bacteria, viruses, fungi or protists. Microbiota largo sensu represent all these microorganisms, living in a host a T time. It is considered, since years, as an integral compartment of its host. It can affect several host functions, like nutrition, development or immunity. Thus, it can play a key role in interactions between organisms, notably hosts/parasites and hosts/pathogens interactions, improving the immune system of its host or directly affecting the invader. The case of Biomphalaria glabrata and other Planorbidae, intermediate hosts of Schistosoma sp. parasites, responsible agent for bilharzia, is a perfect model to study the role of microbiota in host/parasite interactions. Indeed, understanding the interaction between the worm and its intermediate host could open the way for new measure to fight it, as blocking its lifecycle. The characterization of mollusks' microbiota and its role in the interaction is, thus, an interesting way to explore. During my PhD, I (i) characterized the bacterial and protist microbiota of several Planorbidae species in order to compare it according to host phylogeny; (ii) studied the dynamic of microbiota bacterial communities during an infection kinetic in different B. glabrata strains and; (iii) disturbed the bacterial microbiota and observed the consequences on the mollusks resistance to parasite, in order to highlight a potential role of these bacteria in their host immunity. One of the main results of this work is the high specificity of bacterial communities to their host phylogeny, displaying a phylosymbiosis pattern. Moreover, a variation in infection intensity or prevalence has been highlighted, depending on host/parasite combination, after a microbiota disturbance, suggesting a link between the latter and the antiparasitic immunity of mollusks. Thus, this PhD work is a first step in the understanding of the tripartite interaction between a parasite, its intermediate host and the microbiota of the latter, that could, in time, open new perspectives in the fight against the responsible agent of bilharzia
Vera, Charles. "Contribution à l'étude de la variabilité génétique des schistosomes et de leurs hôtes intermédiaires : polymorphisme de la compatibilité entre diverses populations de "Schistosoma haematobium"," S. bovis" et "S. curassoni" et les bulins hôtes potentiels en Afrique de l'Ouest". Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20232.
Texto completo da fonteSzmidt, Adjidé Valérie. "Les distomatoses à Paramphistomum daubneyi Dinnik, 1962 et à Fasciola hepatica Linné, 1758 dans la région du Limousin (France) : infestation des bovins et des mollusques hôtes intermédiaires". Limoges, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIMO302B.
Texto completo da fonteNjiokou, Flobert. "Génétique et biologie des populations de deux hôtes intermédiaires de schistosomes à oeuf à éperon terminal "Bulinus globusus" (Morelet,1866) et "B[ulinus] truncatus" (Audouin, 1827) : conséquences épidémiologiques". Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20137.
Texto completo da fonteAfonso, Eve. "ETUDE DE LA DYNAMIQUE DE LA TRANSMISSION DE TOXOPLASMA GONDII DANS DES MILIEUX CONTRASTES". Phd thesis, Université de Reims - Champagne Ardenne, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00371738.
Texto completo da fonteAfonso, Eve. "Etude de la dynamique de la transmission de Toxoplasma gondii dans des mileux contrastés". Reims, 2007. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000735.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteWe studied the dynamic of the transmission of a parasite with complex life-cycle, Toxoplasma gondii, in contrasted environments. First, the dynamic of the parasite transmission was studied in an urban area where a population of domestic cats (Felis catus) live at high density. Our results raise the hypothesis that the parasite transmission could occur via a simple life-cycle when intermediate hosts are in very low density, relative to cats. We also highlighted the presence of localised areas contaminated by T. Gondii oocysts, which correspond to defecation site of cats. Second, we studied the dynamic of the transmission of T. Gondii in environments where intermediate hosts are in high density. We found indicators of the interspecific variability in the level of infection of intermediate hosts, such as body mass or habitat. Moreover, we showed that environment composition, climate fluctuations and the level of infection of toxoplasmosis in domestic cats and wildcats (Felis silvestris) could be related. The whole study shows the interest of an eco-epidemiological approach to understand the variability of the life-cycle of T. Gondii
Leclair, Mélanie. "Dynamique évolutive des symbioses protectrices chez les insectes". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1B043/document.
Texto completo da fonteSymbiotic associations between microorganisms and eukaryotes are ubiquitous in the living world. These microorganisms can play a crucial role in the evolution and ecology of their hosts by altering their phenotypes. Since these symbionts are usually heritable, extended phenotypes resulting from these symbiotic associations may be transmitted to subsequent generations. Some microorganisms will allow access to a food source; others will provide protection against natural enemies. Such symbiotic protection is found in the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) in its interaction with the bacteria Hamiltonella defensa. This symbiosis provides the aphid with a resistance against the attack of its main parasitoid enemy: Aphidius ervi. The populations of the pea aphid, a legume pest insect, are structured in different biotypes (specialized populations on host plants). The distribution of this protective symbiont within pea aphid populations is singular: many individuals living on Medicago sativa (alfalfa), Ononis spinosa or Genista sagittalis and G. tinctoria host plant with H. defensa while it is rarely found in other populations of A. pisum biotypes such as Pisum sativum (pea) or Trifolium sp. (clover). We sought to understand why H. defensa was not found in every pea aphid biotype. In order to predict the dynamics of the protective symbiosis and the resistance potential in natural aphid populations, we focused on several ecological and evolutionary processes. We measured the consequence of parasitoid stress in the composition of symbiotic populations in three different biotypes (alfalfa, clover and pea) using a field approach. The distribution of H. defensa symbiont in populations dependent directly on the variability of the associated phenotype expressed in different populations. We identified the phenotypes associated with this symbiont in aphids from different biotypes, and the influence of the local context on these phenotypes. The lack of H. defensa in some individuals can be explained by the redundancy of a protective function already in place in these biotypes, such as an alternative symbiotic species or a strong immunity. Finally, we tested whether the symbiotic protections provided by two different bacteria in the pea aphid could be cumulated, thus creating super-organisms. My work highlights the many factors involved in predicting the frequencies of facultative symbiotic bacteria in host populations
Lavoie, Linda. "Recherche exploratoire sur les facteurs qui influencent la demande en formation des cadres intermédiaires : étude d'un cas : le Centre hospitalier Hôtel Dieu d'Amos". Thèse, 1994. http://constellation.uqac.ca/1224/1/1513740.pdf.
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