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Chen, Changhe. "Robot feasibility for trimming and shaping field-grown nursery plants". Connect to resource, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1201633112.
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Pelvine, Raíra Andrade. "Produção, teor e acúmulo de macronutrientes em frutos de berinjela com aplicação de biofertilizantes /". Botucatu, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/181757.
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Orientador: Antonio Ismael Inácio CardosoBanca: Camila Paula Rossetto Pescatori Jacon
Banca: Felipe Oliveira Magro
Resumo: Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a produção, o teor e o acúmulo de macronutrientes pelos frutos de berinjela em sistema orgânico com a utilização de diferentes biofertilizantes, sendo dividido em dois capítulos. Para a realização do experimento foi utilizado o híbrido Sharapova RZ. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com seis repetições, sendo estudados seis tratamentos: controle (sem fertirrigação), fertirrigação com adubos inorgânicos, fertirrigação com biofertilizante a base de torta de mamona (1Kg para cada 15 L de água) (TM1), fertirrigação com biofertilizante a base de esterco de galinha (1 Kg para cada 15 L de água) (EG1), fertirrigação com biofertilizante a base de torta de mamona mais esterco de galinha (1 Kg de cada ingrediente para cada 15 L de água) (TM1+EG1) e fertirrigação com biofertilizante a base de torta de mamona mais esterco de galinha (2 Kg de cada ingrediente para cada 15 L de água) (TM2+EG2). Foram realizadas as seguintes avaliações: número de folhas por planta, altura das plantas, intensidade de cor verde (Spad), número de frutos totais e comerciais, massa fresca de frutos totais e comerciais por planta, massa média de frutos comerciais, comprimento, diâmetro médio de frutos comerciais e teor e acúmulo de macronutrientes nos frutos. Para todas as variáveis de produção (número e massa de frutos, total e comercial, por planta) avaliadas, o tratamento com biofertilizante TM2+EG2 obteve maior média. Para a massa média de frutos, o tra... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the production, content and accumulation of macronutrients by eggplant fruits in an organic production system with fertigation with different biofertilizers. The hybrid Sharapova RZ was used. The experimental design was a randomized complete block, with six replications, and six treatments: without fertigation (control), fertigation with inorganic fertilizers, fertigation with biofertilizer based on castor bean cake (1 kg for each 15 L of water) (CBC1), fertigation with biofertilizer based on chicken manure (1 kg for each 15 L of water) (CM1), biofertilizer based on castor bean cake plus chicken manure (1 kg of each ingredient for each 15 L of water) (CBC1+CM1) and biofertilizer based on castor bean cake more chicken manure (2 kg of each ingredient for each 15 L of water) (CBC2+CM2). The following evaluations were carried out: number of leaves per plant, height of plants, chlorophyll content (Spad), number of total and commercial fruits, fresh weight of total and commercial fruits per plant, average fruit weight, length and mean diameter of commercial fruits, macronutrient content and accumulation in fruits. For all production variables (number and weight of fruits, total and commercial, per plant) evaluated, the treatment with biofertilizer based on castor bean cake plus chicken manure (2 kg of each ingredient) obtained a higher average. For the average fruit weight, this treatment did not differ from the treatments with biofertilizer based on castor bean cake and biofertilizer based on chicken manure. For the macronutrient contents in the fruits, there was difference only for P and S, being the highest mean in the P content found in the control treatment (3.21 g kg-1 of dry matter) and for S the highest average was for treatment with biofertilizer based on castor bean cake (1.73 g kg-1 of dry matter). The decreasing order of macronutrient content ...
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Arif, Mobeen. "Measurement of horticulture produce quality". Thesis, Cranfield University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273953.
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Noet, Ngoc-Thao. "Cooperation in horticulture : three experiments". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Angers, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ANGE0093.
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Dans un environnement économique international fortement concurrentiel, la coopération est un déterminant clé pour favoriser la compétitivité. Alors que la France est une puissance agricole majeure, la filière horticole française est vulnérable et subit une très forte concurrence européenne. Malgré des actions publiques et privées significatives pour stimuler les actions collectives, la coopération reste très faible dans la filière, et la capture de la valeur dans la supply chain est déséquilibrée entre les différents acteurs de la filière. S’il existe dans la littérature de nombreuses études sur les caractéristiques et les spécificités horticoles, il en existe très peu sur les caractéristiques comportementales des acteurs de la filière face à la coopération. Cette thèse, composée de trois études empiriques, vise plusieurs objectifs. Le premier est de définir les facteurs expliquant la faible coopération dans la filière horticole. Le deuxième est de caractériser les déterminants pour mettre en lumière les freins et les leviers à mettre en œuvre pour surmonter les obstacles. Enfin, le dernier objectif est de discuter des types d’actions collectives pour permettre aux acteurs de la filière de capturer une part plus importante de la valeur pour promouvoir une coopération pérenne. Nos études sont concentrées sur le cas de l’horticulture en France. Nous utilisons des données d’expériences de terrain qui mobilisent des jeux d’interactions stratégiques dont les choix reflètent des dilemmes sociaux, comme le jeu dilemme du prisonnier où l’intérêt individuel se retrouve confronté à l’intérêt collectif. Le premier chapitre montre l’existence d’un profil type d’horticulteurs à mobiliser pour mettre en place et développer les actions collectives. Mais cette première étude révèle aussi un comportement coopératif entravé par le biais du «meilleure que la moyenne». Les professionnels de la filière se jugent plus coopératifs que les autres, alors qu’en réalité ils ne le sont pas. Notre deuxième expérience les place dans une situation de bien commun dans un contexte de préservation de l’environnement et de la biodiversité. Nous montrons que l’identité de groupe permet dans un premier temps d’augmenter la coopération, tandis que les attitudes envers l’action collective dans le cadre de l’identité de groupe ont des impacts plus durables. Enfin, pour comprendre ce qui pourrait encourager la coopération dans la filière, nous avons conçu une expérience de terrain ayant pour contexte l’innovation ouverte. Nous avons comparé le comportement des professionnels face à la prise de risque et au partage de la valeur. Cette troisième étude permet de comprendre les obstacles à la coopération dans le cadre de l’incertitude des résultats des actions collectives et d’expliquer les motivations pour les surmonter. Nous discutons également des types d’actions collectives pour promouvoir la réciprocité pour une coopération pérenne dans la filière, comme la prise en compte des comportements de free rider dans la réalisation d’action collective. Nous montrons que malgré sa nécessité, la coopération reste faible et que les freins sont essentiellement de type psychologique et que sa prise en compte dans les mises en place des actions collectives publiques et/ou privés augmentent la coopérationIn a highly competitive international economic environment, cooperation is a crucial factor in fostering competitiveness. Although France is a major agricultural powerhouse, the French horticultural industry is vulnerable and subject to tough European competition. Despite significant public and private initiatives to stimulate collective action, cooperation in the industry remains very weak, and value capture in the supply chain is unbalanced between the different players in the industry. While there are numerous studies in the literature on the characteristics and specific features of horticulture, there are very few on the behavioral characteristics of the industry’s players when it comes to cooperation. This thesis, consisting of three empirical studies, has several objectives. The first is to define the factors behind the low level of cooperation in the horticultural industry. The second is to characterize the determinants to identify the obstacles and the levers to be implemented to overcome them. Finally, the last objective is to discuss the types of collective action that would enable players in the sector to capture a larger share of the value to promote sustainable cooperation. Our studies focus on the case of horticulture in France. We use data from field experiments that mobilize strategic interaction games whose choices reflect social dilemmas, such as the prisoner’s dilemma game where individual interest is confronted with collective interest. The first chapter shows the existence of a typical profile of horticulturists who can be mobilized to set up and develop collective actions. However, this first study also reveals a cooperative behavior hindered by the «better than average» bias. Professionals in the sector consider themselves to be more cooperative than others, when in fact they are not. Our second experiment involves them in a situation of common good in the context of environmental and biodiversity preservation. We show that group identity initially increases cooperation, while attitudes towards collective action in the context of group identity have more lasting impacts. Finally, to understand what might encourage cooperation in the industry, we designed a field experiment in the context of open innovation. We compared the behavior of professionals regarding risk-taking and value-sharing. This third study enables us to understandthe obstacles to cooperation in the context of uncertain outcomes of collective action and to explain the motivations for overcoming them. We also discuss types of collective action to promote reciprocity for sustainable cooperation in the industry, such as taking free rider behavior into account when carrying out collective action. We show that, despite its necessity, cooperation remains limited, the obstacles are essentially psychological, and taking it into account in the implementation of public and/or private collective actions increases cooperation
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Swart, Pierre André. "Horticultural propagation of the threatened species, Syncarpha revurvata (L.f.)B. Nord". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/613.
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Syncarpha recurvata (L.f.) B. Nord. (Asteraceae, Gnaphalieae) is listed as a vulnerable (intermediate priority) species. The propagation methods of achene germination, stem cuttings, air layering and micropropagation were investigated to obtain an efficient propagation method. Smoke water dilutions of 1:100, 1:50 and 1:10 significantly increased germination, with the 1:100 smoke water dilutions showing the highest germination percentage (22.4 percent). Achenes collected between August and October 2005 showed higher germination and viability than achenes collected between May and July 2006. Fifty percent of the stem cuttings and 32 percent of the airlayered branches rooted. Embryo culture was the only successful culture type out of the four attempted. Two embryos germinated and four became photosynthetic. Two of the germinated embryos also produced callus cells, a medium supplemented with 5 μM IAA may be used to test for a suitable plant regulator for organogenesis or embryogenesis. Syncarpha recurvata plants were also transplanted into pots and 60 percent survived. A growth rate of 1.466 mm y-1 was obtained from total shoot length measurements. In this study, it was found that air-layering branches of transplanted Syncarpha recurvata plants is the most efficient propagation method.
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Manfrini, Luigi <1979>. "Precision horticulture: application on apple orchards". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1627/1/PhD_Thesis_Luigi_Manfrini.pdf.
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Precision horticulture and spatial analysis applied to orchards are a growing and evolving part of precision agriculture technology. The aim of this discipline is to reduce production costs by monitoring and analysing orchard-derived information to improve crop performance in an environmentally sound manner. Georeferencing and geostatistical analysis coupled to point-specific data mining allow to devise and implement management decisions tailored within the single orchard. Potential applications range from the opportunity to verify in real time along the season the effectiveness of cultural practices to achieve the production targets in terms of fruit size, number, yield and, in a near future, fruit quality traits. These data will impact not only the pre-harvest but their effect will extend to the post-harvest sector of the fruit chain. Chapter 1 provides an updated overview on precision horticulture , while in Chapter 2 a preliminary spatial statistic analysis of the variability in apple orchards is provided before and after manual thinning; an interpretation of this variability and how it can be managed to maximize orchard performance is offered. Then in Chapter 3 a stratification of spatial data into management classes to interpret and manage spatial variation on the orchard is undertaken. An inverse model approach is also applied to verify whether the crop production explains environmental variation. In Chapter 4 an integration of the techniques adopted before is presented. A new key for reading the information gathered within the field is offered.
The overall goal of this Dissertation was to probe into the feasibility, the desirability and the effectiveness of a precision approach to fruit growing, following the lines of other areas of agriculture that already adopt this management tool. As existing applications of precision horticulture already had shown, crop specificity is an important factor to be accounted for. This work focused on apple because of its importance in the area where the work was carried out, and worldwide.
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Manfrini, Luigi <1979>. "Precision horticulture: application on apple orchards". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1627/.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Precision horticulture and spatial analysis applied to orchards are a growing and evolving part of precision agriculture technology. The aim of this discipline is to reduce production costs by monitoring and analysing orchard-derived information to improve crop performance in an environmentally sound manner. Georeferencing and geostatistical analysis coupled to point-specific data mining allow to devise and implement management decisions tailored within the single orchard. Potential applications range from the opportunity to verify in real time along the season the effectiveness of cultural practices to achieve the production targets in terms of fruit size, number, yield and, in a near future, fruit quality traits. These data will impact not only the pre-harvest but their effect will extend to the post-harvest sector of the fruit chain. Chapter 1 provides an updated overview on precision horticulture , while in Chapter 2 a preliminary spatial statistic analysis of the variability in apple orchards is provided before and after manual thinning; an interpretation of this variability and how it can be managed to maximize orchard performance is offered. Then in Chapter 3 a stratification of spatial data into management classes to interpret and manage spatial variation on the orchard is undertaken. An inverse model approach is also applied to verify whether the crop production explains environmental variation. In Chapter 4 an integration of the techniques adopted before is presented. A new key for reading the information gathered within the field is offered.
The overall goal of this Dissertation was to probe into the feasibility, the desirability and the effectiveness of a precision approach to fruit growing, following the lines of other areas of agriculture that already adopt this management tool. As existing applications of precision horticulture already had shown, crop specificity is an important factor to be accounted for. This work focused on apple because of its importance in the area where the work was carried out, and worldwide.
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Gray, Melody Joy. "The proposal for the Liberty Hyde Bailey Walk for the American Horticultural Society in Alexandria, Virginia". Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 3.70 Mb., p, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1435928.
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Mphahama, Litsoanelo Evodiah. "Institutional constraints to horticulture production and marketing". Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/428.
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Lesotho has a land area of about 30.340 square kilometers and is completely surrounded by the Republic of South Africa. Much of the country is mountainous. Its agricultural sector is characterized by low productivity due to erratic climatic conditions, limited arable land and fragile soils with a low water holding capacity. These conditions have proved very detrimental to crop production, rendering agriculture a risky economic activity. Numerous efforts have been made over the years to address the technical constraints confronting the sector, but nothing seems to be changing. The implication is that the technical/climatic factors mentioned above may be only part of the problem. The current situation whereby Lesotho imports nearly 95% of its domestic food requirements is unsustainable, but this desperate picture looks set to worsen with the continuing threats of contracting farm sizes and further declines in farmer participation rates. But this sector has continued to be an important source of household survival and existence. A study was designed and conducted during 2008 and 2009 to identify the institutional constraints to horticulture production in Lesotho, looking specifically at the obstacles to effective production and marketing of horticultural products. A total of 100 farming households were enumerated in four districts of the country, namely Butha Buthe, Berea, Mafeteng, and Thaba-Tseka. A range of institutional and non-price factors in the farming and marketing environment were incorporated in a binary choice model to investigate the degree of satisfaction of the farming households with their previous year’s farming results. To avoid selection bias in the sample, a probit model was chosen, and the Stata-10 software was used to estimate probit coefficients. The results provide indications that property rights, the agricultural extension service, the condition of the physical infrastructure, and distance to markets may be crucial elements threatening the existence of this sector in Lesotho. The difficulties in accessing markets and land remain important institutional constraints to horticulture production and marketing in Lesotho. Recommendations made on these issues include providing more policy support to homestead gardening and for these issues to be incorporated into the Vision 2020 process. Also to be included is the issue of addressing the growing national food insecurity and enhancing Basotho livelihoods in general.
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Grenier, Gilbert. "Contribution au developpement de l'automatisation en horticulture". Paris, ENSAM, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ENAM0006.
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Cette these presente la justification des recherches actuelles en matiere d'automatisation en serre horticole, et l'evolution en ce domaine. Partant de cette presentation l'auteur propose la definition d'une serre flexible au sens de facilement convertible d'une activite horticole ou maraichere vers une autre-, serre concue pour la manutention automatique. De meme il effectue une selection des differents moyens technologiques disponibles pour la realisation de robots de manutention horticoles, et propose un portrait-type de ces robots compatible avec la serre precedemment decrite. L'auteur presente ensuite la conception et la mise au point d'un module de traitement selectif adaptable sur robot de manutention. Il insiste sur les fonctions nouvelles proposees et sur la methode utilisee pour la mise au point d'un asservissement de pression: methode de simulation. Enfin il presente l'architecture informatique d'un systeme de manutention, la repartition de l'intelligence entre les elements du systeme et les fonctionnalites des modules logiciels en relation avec les contraintes specifiques de ce type de stockage
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Chakraborty, Mita (bandyopadhyy). "Horticulture in West Bengal : a geographical analysis". Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1066.
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Lanza, Tomaz Ribeiro. "Sistemas de cultivo e plantas alimentícias da Terra Indígena Kaxinawá de Nova Olinda, Acre /". Botucatu, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/192590.
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Orientador: Ling Chau MingResumo: O trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar a agricultura e inventariar as plantas alimentícias utilizadas na Terra Indígena Kaxinawá de Nova Olinda (TIKNO), Feijó, Acre, Brasil. A pesquisa foi realizada entre os anos de 2016 e 2020. A metodologia utilizada para o estudo dos sistemas de cultivo e de plantas alimentícias encontradas nessas áreas cultivadas foi a de entrevistas semiestruturadas e visitas in loco nas áreas de produção agrícola; já o estudo de plantas alimentícias silvestres, foi realizado através de listagem livre e turnê guiada em áreas de floresta da TIKNO, sendo realizados com especialistas indígenas, de ambos os sexos, e idades entre 19 e 70 anos. Para complementar também foi feito um diagnóstico socioeconômico da comunidade, auxiliando na compreensão da forma com que o conhecimento vem sendo difundido entre as diferentes famílias e gerações. Os dados coletados foram processados e avaliados através de análises descritivas e qualitativas. Com relação aos sistemas de cultivo, foram identificados quatro sistemas principais para produção agrícola, sendo eles: roçado de corte/queima, bananal, cultivo de praia e quintal agroflorestal, cada qual com características distintas entre sí. Ao todo foram identificadas 115 espécies vegetais comestíveis, sendo 50 espécies consideradas cultivadas nesses sistemas de cultivo, distribuídas em 41 gêneros, 26 famílias botânicas, e representadas por 144 variedades locais. Dentre todas as espécies cultivadas, as que apresentaram ma... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The work aimed to characterize the agriculture and cultivation of plants used in the Kaxinawá Indigenous Land of Nova Olinda (TIKNO), Feijó, Acre, Brazil. A survey was carried out between the years 2016 and 2020. A methodology used for the study of cultivation systems and food plants, in these cultivated areas, was that of semi-structured interviews and visits to places in the areas of agricultural production; the study of wild food plants, on the other hand, was carried out through the list of books and was guided in areas of the TIKNO forest, being carried out with indigenous specialists, both sexes and ages between 19 and 70 years. In addition, a socio-economic diagnosis of the community was also made, helping to understand the way in which knowledge is disseminated among different families and used. The collected data were processed and applied through descriptive and qualitative analyzes. Regarding the cultivation systems, four main systems of agricultural production were used, being: cutting / burning clearing, banana plantation, beach cultivation and agroforestry yard, each with different characteristics. In all, 115 edible plant species were identified, 50 species cultivated in the cultivation systems, distributed in 41 genera, 26 botanical families and represented by 144 local varieties. Among all cultivated species, the largest number of varieties were Banana (Musa ssp.), With 20 varieties, Cassava (Manihot esculenta Krantz.), With 19 varieties, and Corn (Zea mays L... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Lu, Wenliang Sibley Jeffrey Lynn. "Utilization of municipal solid waste compost in horticulture". Auburn, Ala., 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SPRING/Horticulture/Dissertation/Lu_Wenliang_10.pdf.
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Iyer, Ranjit R. "Expert system for tree selection in urban horticulture". [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0012148.
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Sleeper, Adam Maxey Sibley Jeffrey Lynn Chappell Jesse Alan. "Integration of intensive aquaculture and horticulture crop production". Auburn, Ala., 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1953.
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Marble, Stephen Christopher Sibley Jeffrey Lynn Gilliam Charles Homer. "Evaluation of composted poultry litter use in horticulture". Auburn, Ala., 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1918.
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McLoughlin, Patrick Henry Jr. "Macrophomina phaseolina and the Nature of its Relationship with Impatiens X Hybrida". Thesis, Mississippi State University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10841492.
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Macrophomina phaseolina is a generalist ascomycetic fungal pathogen, capable of infecting over 500 genera of plants and limiting yield in crops grown in Mississippi. Recent documentation of M. phaseolina on Impatiens × hybrida, a newfound host, has merited multiple experiments to quantify the exact nature of this relationship. Despite M. phaseolina being a soil-borne pathogen, disease symptoms were only reported in aboveground tissue. Mode of infection experiments revealed both above and belowground tissues are susceptible to infection. In vitro experiments identified the optimal temperature for the growth of M. phaseolina to be 26°C, where more than 10x the accumulated biomass resulted compared to samples grown at 37°C. Impatiens × hybrida hosts were particularly prone to infection at temperatures above 27°C. In vitro fungicide assays revealed Banrot and T-Bird to be suitable chemical control agents for limiting M. phaseolina growth.
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Robbins, Lisa Renee. "Natural Variability in Phenolic and Sesquiterpene Constituents Among Burdock (Arctium lappa L. and Arctium minus L.) Leaves for Potential Medicinal Interests". The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1366117332.
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King, Jessica L. "The Development of an Efficient Method of Agrobacterium-mediated Transient Expression in Soybean (Glycine max)". The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1366280516.
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Gayek, Ann. "Effect of Habitat Variation on Rate and Success of Colonization of Two Invasive Shrubs, Lonicera Maackii and Ligustrum Vulgare, in a Forested Glen". The Ohio State University, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1391593413.
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Frey, Mark Nicholas. "Ecology and management of Alliaria petiolata". The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1399639081.
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De, Jesus Susana. "Genetic alteration of plant secondary metabolism: modification, enhancement and characterization of pigments in Tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum) fruit". The Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1406714459.
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Jeong, Ka Yeon. "Responses of six Begonia species to different fertilizer concentrations, substrate pH and shade levels". The Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1407145710.
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Diedrick, Keith A. "Reduced insecticide rates and host plant resistance for managing Potato Leafhopper in Alfalfa". The Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1413291380.
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Thomas, Laura Christine. "A replacement series analysis of the relative competitive abilities of the three North American prairie plants: Echinacea Purpurea, Ratibda Pinnata, and Panicum Virgatum". The Ohio State University, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1413463755.
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Li, Shouxin. "Evaluation and Improvement of Freezing Tolerance in Cold Sensitive Grape Genotypes". The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1417627623.
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Sari, Eka. "The Effects of CYC-B Introgressions on Cherry Tomato Fruit Quality". The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1469645306.
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Richardson, Mark A. "Developing a certified public horticulture internship program in the United States". Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 105 p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1885755671&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Ferrari, Paulo Roberto. "Avaliação da qualidade da classificação do tomate de mesa". [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257143.
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Orientador: Marcos David FerreiraDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola
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Resumo: A tomaticultura de mesa nos últimos seis anos evoluiu com a implantação de unidades de beneficiamento, classificando os tomates através de equipamentos com sistema eletrônico e mecânico de classificação. A avaliação da classificação foi desenvolvida em duas unidades de beneficiamento de tomates de mesa, sistema de classificação eletrônica e mecânica, e em dois períodos de produção, safras de verão e inverno. O cultivar utilizado foi Carmen. Para cada safra foram realizadas três etapas: (1) Avaliar a conformidade de classificação por diâmetro e coloração dos equipamentos com sistema eletrônico e mecânico de classificação com o PROGRAMA BRASILEIRO PARA A MODERNIZAÇÃO DA HORTICULTURA (2003), (2) Verificar a conformidade de classificação por diâmetro obtida dos equipamentos, com a regulagem programada pela unidade de beneficiamento e (3) Acompanhamento da vida pós-colheita dos tomates provenientes da classificação nesses equipamentos em laboratório da Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola ¿ UNICAMP, onde os tomates ficaram armazenados em câmara de refrigeração a temperatura ambiente de 24 ± 1ºC e umidade relativa de 75 ± 5% por um período de 20 dias. Foram realizadas análises como, perda de massa, qualidade visual, evolução da coloração, firmeza e químicas (pH, sólido solúvel, acidez titulável) e cálculo da relação sólido solúvel/acidez titulável. Dentre os resultados, não houve conformidade de classificação por diâmetro e coloração, dos equipamentos, com a norma de classificação do Programa. A conformidade de classificação obtida com a programada apresentou somente para classe de maior diâmetro, em ambos os equipamentos. Na avaliação da qualidade visual, os frutos sadios após armazenamento por 20 dias não apresentaram diferença significativa entre os equipamentos. Como razão de descarte, na safra de verão, enrugamento foi mais freqüente no equipamento eletrônico e a podridão no mecânico, na safra de inverno os descartes foram mais freqüentes no equipamento mecânico. A perda de massa foi maior no equipamento mecânico em ambas as safras. A evolução da coloração dos tomates foi mais intensa na safra de verão no equipamento mecânico e menor intensidade no inverno para o mesmo equipamento. Não houve diferenças significativas para a variação do índice de firmeza entre os equipamentos. As análises das características químicas, não foram significativas. O equipamento eletrônico apresentou melhor desempenho sobre o equipamento mecânico, em relação à classificação e na qualidade da vida pós-colheita dos frutos provenientes desta classificação. Embora utilize alta tecnologia, este equipamento deverá ser monitorado constantemente em suas atividades visando sua eficiência e viabilização do seu investimento. Pelos resultados apresentados, recomenda-se para o sistema mecânico, rever o sistema de classificação de correia de lona furada para que atenda a legislação de classificação do Programa Brasileiro para a Modernização da Horticultura, e garanta melhor desempenho nas etapas de lavagem, secagem e polimento
Abstract: The fresh market tomato industry has been evolved, in the last six years, with the implantation of tomato grade machines, electronical and mechanical equipments. Evaluation of the grading performance electronical and mechanical equipments was done at summer and winter seasons. The cultivar studied was Carmen. For each season, three main points were studied: (1) Evolution of the size and color grading conformity with the BRAZILIAN PROGRAM FOR HORTICULTURE MODERNIZATION standards. (2) Evaluation of size grading conformity with the one established by the packer. (3) Post harvest shelf life and grading quality of tomatoes during for 20 days in controlled environment at 24ºC ± 1ºC and 75% ± 5% RH, FEAGRI/UNICAMP. During storage, visual quality evaluation and physical and physical chemical analysis were done: weight loss, color evolution, firmness, pH, soluble solids, tritratable acidity and ratio. There was no grade conformity with the fresh tomato quality standards of the BRAZILIAN PROGRAM FOR HORTICULTURE MODERNIZATION. There was conformity with the grading programmed by the packer, only for large size, in both equipments. After storage for 20 days, there were not any significant statistic difference on fruit quality sorted by electronical and mechanical equipments. For summer season, the major cause for fruit discharge was shrunken fruits in electronical equipment and decay in mechanical equipment. For winter season there were high post harvest losses at the mechanical equipment. The highest weight loss was found on fruits sorted at the mechanical equipment at the two seasons. The mechanical equipment showed the most intense color evolution at summer season and the less intense at winter season. There were not statistical differences between the equipments for firmness loss. There were also not statistical differences, between the equipments for chemical analyses. The electronical equipment has presented better performance, compared to the mechanical equipment, considering grading performance and post-harvest fruits quality. Despite of its high technology the electronical equipment must be constantly monitored to achieve efficiency and return of the investment. The mechanical system must review its size grading, to achieve grade standards stablished by the BRAZILIAN PROGRAM FOR HORTICULTURE MODERNIZATION and must improve its cleaning operation
Mestrado
Tecnologia Pós-Colheita
Mestre em Engenharia Agrícola
30
Nakajima, Elisa Sayoko. "Políticas públicas do município de Ibiúna : a sustentabilidade medida pela avaliação emergética e a pegada ecológica". [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256272.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Orientador: Enrique Ortega RodriguezTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: O Município de Ibiúna, com área de 105.800 hectares, está localizado a 70 km a Oeste da cidade de São Paulo. Em 2014, a cidade completou 154 anos e conta com 72.029 habitantes, dos quais, 67% vivem na área rural e os outros 33%, no espaço urbano. A proximidade com a região metropolitana de São Paulo tornou o município de interesse em um importante fornecedor de hortícolas e legumes para a metrópole conurbada. Tradicionalmente, a agricultura é a atividade principal, porém com a elevação dos custos de produção e sem o aumento dos preços dos produtos, muitas famílias que viviam da atividade agrícola venderam suas terras e muitas dessas se tornaram condomínios residenciais. Alguns agricultores buscaram se especializar na horticultura convencional, enquanto outros adotaram a agricultura orgânica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi propor políticas públicas ao município, a partir do diagnóstico realizado com a avaliação emergética, considerando tanto a área urbana, como a rural. O resultado mostrou que, embora, o município tenha um histórico de expansão da área urbana no meio rural, os indicadores ainda revelam bons resultados: a porcentagem de renovabilidade é considerada alta (%R=45,23%), a razão de rendimento emergético é pequena (EYR= 1,16), mas a razão de carga ambiental é alta (ELR=13,07). Já nas áreas rurais estudadas, a renovabilidade das propriedades orgânicas está entre 39 e 45%, o que se mostra melhor do que a renovabilidade das produções convencionais com 17%. A comparação desses sistemas de produção hortícola com as horticulturas orgânicas de outros municípios que apresentam maior renovabilidade (55 a 90%) evidenciou que os sistemas de Ibiúna podem ser aprimorados revelando os fatores que estabelecem essa diferença. A razão de carga ambiental das áreas rurais (1,4 a 4,75) é considerada como moderada, mas os valores tendem a aumentar de acordo com o grau de intensificação dos sistemas de horticultura. Na análise da capacidade de suporte para o município, a área de suporte renovável calculada pelo método emergético foi 239.699 ha ou 3,33 hectares por pessoa (ha/pessoa). A área de suporte também foi calculada por meio da metodologia da pegada ecológica considerando-se o perfil de consumo da população e, neste caso, o resultado foi 346842 ha ou 4,8 ha/pessoa. Este último resultado revelou a importância da manutenção da área de vegetação nativa preservada e a necessidade de mudança na configuração da economia do município, a partir de ajustes no estilo de vida da população, a fim de transformar o município em uma região realmente sustentável. Para complementar os indicadores emergéticos, foram levantadas outras informações sobre as condições socioeconômicas e culturais visando aprimorar o diagnóstico. Estas informações foram utilizadas nas propostas de políticas públicas aqui apresentadas visando melhorias na dinâmica do uso da terra, nas condições socioeconômicas dos produtores rurais e nas formas de recuperação e preservação ambiental. Ao final apresentam-se recomendações para novas pesquisas no município. As considerações finais sugerem a integração da metodologia emergética com tecnologias de sensoriamento remoto, permitindo a criação de modelos para a projeção de cenários futuros de desenvolvimento que considerem mudanças na paisagem e seus impactos no clima
Abstract: Ibiúna County, area of 105,800 hectares, is located 70 km west of the city of São Paulo. In 2014, the county completed 154 years old and its population is 72,029 inhabitants, which 67% live in the rural area and 33% in the urban limits. The proximity to the metropolitan region of São Paulo made the county of interest an important supplier of horticultures and vegetables for the metropolis and its surroundings. Traditionally, agriculture is the main activity. However, with the production costs and products market price lowing, many families living from agricultural activities sold their properties and many of those lands became residential condominiums. Some farmers sought to specialize in conventional horticulture while others adopted the organic farming. The aim of this study was to propose public policies to the county from the diagnosis done using the Emergy assessment and considering the urban and rural areas. Results showed that, although the county has a history of urban expansion onto the rural area, the indicators yet show good results: the renewability percentage is considered high (%R=45.23%), the Emergy Yield Ratio is low (EYR=1.16), but the Environmental Loading Ratio is high (ELR=13.07). While this, in the rural areas studied, the renewability of the organic production is between 39 to 45%, what is a better renewability than the conventional production with 17%. The comparison of Ibiúna¿s horticultural production to other cities organic production which present higher renewability (55 to 90%) evinced that Ibiúna¿s systems can be improved and revealed the factors that establish this difference. The Environmental Loading Ratio in the rural areas (1.4 to 4.75) is considered moderate, meanwhile the results tend to increase with the intensification of the horticultural systems. The renewable support area calculated through the carrying capacity analysis with the emergy methodology was 239,699 ha or 3.33 ha per person (ha/person). The support area was also calculated using the ecological footprint method considering the consumption profile of the population and, in this case, the result was 346,842 ha or 4.8 ha/person. This last study revealed the importance of maintaining the preserved native vegetation areas and the necessity of changings in the county¿s economy configuration from adjusts in the population¿s lifestyle in order to convert the county into a more sustainable region. Other information about the socioeconomic conditions and cultural aspects, were collected to complement the emergy indicators in order to improve the diagnosis to propose public policies related to the land use dynamics, rural producers socioeconomic aspects and ways to environmental recovery and conservation. Lastly, further research recommendations for the county were presented. The final remarks suggest the integration of the Emergy assessment to remote sensing technologies enabling the creation of models to future development scenarios considering the landscape transition and its impacts on climate
Doutorado
Engenharia de Alimentos
Doutora em Engenharia de Alimentos
31
Bellenger, Moriah J. Fields Deacue. "Selected topics in Alabama's environmental horticulture industry the economic impact of Alabama's green industry and migrant labor in Alabama's horticulture industry /". Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2005%20Summer/master's/BELLENGER_MORAIH_40.pdf.
Texto completo da fonte
32
com, nora_oyama@hotmail, e Noraisha Oyama. "Hydroponics system for wastewater treatment and reuse in horticulture". Murdoch University, 2008. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20091117.125236.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
As human population increases, the need for water increases in domestic, agricultural, industrial and urban sectors. Wastewater reuse after treatment is gaining acceptance world wide, as availability of fresh water sources decreases. However, it is also important to point out social and cultural differences that still exist in different pars of the world including those where reuse of wastewater for food production or any domestic use is not yet acceptable. The major concerns with effluent reuse are primarily its impact on human health and environmental risk. As a result, effluent reuse should be undertaken with caution after careful consideration of the potential impacts and risks.
This thesis examined the potential to use the hydroponics nutrient film technique to grow commercially important crops using secondary-treated domestic wastewater. The crops chosen were a fruit crop (Lycopersicon esculantum - tomato), a leafy crop (Beta vulgaris ssp. cicla - silver beet) and a flower crop (Dianthus caryophyllus - carnation). Secondary-treated domestic wastewater was chosen because of the reduced risk of pathogen and heavy metal contamination in the crops and due to the guideline requirements for use of treated effluent for food crops. The possibility of using the effluent after the hydroponics treatment for further irrigation was also studied.
The ability of secondary-treated effluent to supply adequate nutrients to the crops was assessed relative to a commercially available hydroponics solution (Chapter 3). The amount of time the solution was left in the system (nutrient solution retention time) was dependant on the plant uptake of the solution. The results obtained showed that the nutrients in secondary treated effluent was adequate for the carnations, but not for the food crops. The food crops from both treatments were compared to the produce purchased from a supermarket. The food crops showed signs of nutrient deficiency, particularly nitrogen.
Based on the findings of the first experiment, the nutrient solution retention time was amended to 14 days. The carnations were not tested with the shorter nutrient solution retention time (NSRT) because they performed well in the previous trial with the longer nutrient solution retention time. The edible food crops performed better and did not show signs of nutrient deficiency when the nutrient solution retention time was reduced to 14 days.
Further statistical analysis was conducted with the data from Chapters 3 and 4. Nutrient and water balances were calculated and the possible reason that the plants grown in the 14-day nutrient solution retention time took up more water, was a result of increased nutrients and better growth. A simple model was constructed to calculate height of the plants using multiple regression. The model was validated against the data collected from this study.
The experiment conducted in Chapter 6 determined the nutritional quality of the food crops. The harvests from the wastewater and commercially available hydroponics solution were compared to produce purchased from a supermarket and tested for total caroteniods, total soluble solids and ascorbic acid concentrations. The nutritional quality of the wastewater grown produce was comparable to those grown in the hydroponic solution and those purchased.
The risk of pathogen contamination to food crops and the die-off of pathogens in the hydroponic channels were studied in Chapter 7. This was tested by spiking the commercial hydroponic medium with Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium and monitoring bacterial pathogen die-off in the secondary treated domestic wastewater. The pathogen quality of the crop was tested in all treatments as well as on organically grown produce found at a local supermarket. The results of this experiment did not show any contamination on the surface of the food crops or within the food crops.
This study demonstrated that growing tomatoes, silver beet and carnations using secondary-treated domestic wastewater was successful when the nutrient solution retention time was adjusted to the optimum level. In arid, developing and remote communities, this system is ideal as it conserves and reuses water for commercially important crops without compromising the health of the environment or of human beings. It can also be implemented in urban areas, as the system can be scaled according to the availability of space. In addition to this, the effluent after going through this system can be used for open irrigation as it meets the World Health Organisation guidelines.
However, a number of additional concerns need further investigation. They include the transmission risk of other types of pathogen, which depends on the source of wastewater, and the effects of hormones and antibiotics on food crops and their effect on human health.
33
Pickens, Jeremy Martin Sibley Jeffrey Lynn. "Evaluation of horticulture applications of light expanded clay aggregates". Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SPRING/Horticulture/Thesis/Pickens_Jeremy_57.pdf.
Texto completo da fonte
34
Simpson, Donna. "Salads, sweat and status : migrant workers in UK horticulture". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2011. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/7601/.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Drawing on workplace ethnography at a farm in the East of England and interviews with former participants on the UK's temporary foreign worker programme, the Seasonal Agricultural Workers Scheme, this thesis contributes to understanding of the everyday work and living experiences of migrant workers in UK horticulture. In particular, it assesses the influence of supermarket-driven supply chains and of immigration status on these experiences. This thus reveals a labour process which is strongly shaped by structural factors, yet workers' agency is also shown to play an important part. The analysis is organised around working and living spaces. It first explores the living spaces of the camp in which migrant workers were required to reside as a result of the conditions attached to the Seasonal Agricultural Workers Scheme. Such conditions, it is argued, give rise to both social and physical enclosure and thus to employers' control of migrant workers. Secondly, the thesis focuses on everyday work spaces, illustrating how migrants' work efforts are influenced by two features of production operating in UK food supply chains: just in time and total quality control. The role of surveillance and technology are shown to be important in habituating migrants' bodies and their work efforts. The analysis of spaces of work also reveals how the piece rate form of payment and uncertainty over rates of pay are used to gain workers' consent and intensification of work effort. Moreover, it contributes to understanding of the bodily effects of that effort. The thesis further explores leisure and consumption spaces away from the camp. These can be sites of stigma, racism and exclusion and simultaneously reveal the working of a transnational social field. The analysis of these spaces provides evidence of how immigration status and nationality can shape both migrants' own identities and how others perceive them.
35
Oyama, Noraisha. "Hydroponics system for wastewater treatment and reuse in horticulture". Thesis, Oyama, Noraisha (2008) Hydroponics system for wastewater treatment and reuse in horticulture. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2008. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/1679/.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
As human population increases, the need for water increases in domestic, agricultural, industrial and urban sectors. Wastewater reuse after treatment is gaining acceptance world wide, as availability of fresh water sources decreases. However, it is also important to point out social and cultural differences that still exist in different pars of the world including those where reuse of wastewater for food production or any domestic use is not yet acceptable. The major concerns with effluent reuse are primarily its impact on human health and environmental risk. As a result, effluent reuse should be undertaken with caution after careful consideration of the potential impacts and risks.
This thesis examined the potential to use the hydroponics nutrient film technique to grow commercially important crops using secondary-treated domestic wastewater. The crops chosen were a fruit crop (Lycopersicon esculantum - tomato), a leafy crop (Beta vulgaris ssp. cicla - silver beet) and a flower crop (Dianthus caryophyllus - carnation). Secondary-treated domestic wastewater was chosen because of the reduced risk of pathogen and heavy metal contamination in the crops and due to the guideline requirements for use of treated effluent for food crops. The possibility of using the effluent after the hydroponics treatment for further irrigation was also studied.
The ability of secondary-treated effluent to supply adequate nutrients to the crops was assessed relative to a commercially available hydroponics solution (Chapter 3). The amount of time the solution was left in the system (nutrient solution retention time) was dependant on the plant uptake of the solution. The results obtained showed that the nutrients in secondary treated effluent was adequate for the carnations, but not for the food crops. The food crops from both treatments were compared to the produce purchased from a supermarket. The food crops showed signs of nutrient deficiency, particularly nitrogen.
Based on the findings of the first experiment, the nutrient solution retention time was amended to 14 days. The carnations were not tested with the shorter nutrient solution retention time (NSRT) because they performed well in the previous trial with the longer nutrient solution retention time. The edible food crops performed better and did not show signs of nutrient deficiency when the nutrient solution retention time was reduced to 14 days.
Further statistical analysis was conducted with the data from Chapters 3 and 4. Nutrient and water balances were calculated and the possible reason that the plants grown in the 14-day nutrient solution retention time took up more water, was a result of increased nutrients and better growth. A simple model was constructed to calculate height of the plants using multiple regression. The model was validated against the data collected from this study.
The experiment conducted in Chapter 6 determined the nutritional quality of the food crops. The harvests from the wastewater and commercially available hydroponics solution were compared to produce purchased from a supermarket and tested for total caroteniods, total soluble solids and ascorbic acid concentrations. The nutritional quality of the wastewater grown produce was comparable to those grown in the hydroponic solution and those purchased.
The risk of pathogen contamination to food crops and the die-off of pathogens in the hydroponic channels were studied in Chapter 7. This was tested by spiking the commercial hydroponic medium with Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium and monitoring bacterial pathogen die-off in the secondary treated domestic wastewater. The pathogen quality of the crop was tested in all treatments as well as on organically grown produce found at a local supermarket. The results of this experiment did not show any contamination on the surface of the food crops or within the food crops.
This study demonstrated that growing tomatoes, silver beet and carnations using secondary-treated domestic wastewater was successful when the nutrient solution retention time was adjusted to the optimum level. In arid, developing and remote communities, this system is ideal as it conserves and reuses water for commercially important crops without compromising the health of the environment or of human beings. It can also be implemented in urban areas, as the system can be scaled according to the availability of space. In addition to this, the effluent after going through this system can be used for open irrigation as it meets the World Health Organisation guidelines.
However, a number of additional concerns need further investigation. They include the transmission risk of other types of pathogen, which depends on the source of wastewater, and the effects of hormones and antibiotics on food crops and their effect on human health.
36
Oyama, Noraisha. "Hydroponics system for wastewater treatment and reuse in horticulture". Oyama, Noraisha (2008) Hydroponics system for wastewater treatment and reuse in horticulture. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2008. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/1679/.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
As human population increases, the need for water increases in domestic, agricultural, industrial and urban sectors. Wastewater reuse after treatment is gaining acceptance world wide, as availability of fresh water sources decreases. However, it is also important to point out social and cultural differences that still exist in different pars of the world including those where reuse of wastewater for food production or any domestic use is not yet acceptable. The major concerns with effluent reuse are primarily its impact on human health and environmental risk. As a result, effluent reuse should be undertaken with caution after careful consideration of the potential impacts and risks.
This thesis examined the potential to use the hydroponics nutrient film technique to grow commercially important crops using secondary-treated domestic wastewater. The crops chosen were a fruit crop (Lycopersicon esculantum - tomato), a leafy crop (Beta vulgaris ssp. cicla - silver beet) and a flower crop (Dianthus caryophyllus - carnation). Secondary-treated domestic wastewater was chosen because of the reduced risk of pathogen and heavy metal contamination in the crops and due to the guideline requirements for use of treated effluent for food crops. The possibility of using the effluent after the hydroponics treatment for further irrigation was also studied.
The ability of secondary-treated effluent to supply adequate nutrients to the crops was assessed relative to a commercially available hydroponics solution (Chapter 3). The amount of time the solution was left in the system (nutrient solution retention time) was dependant on the plant uptake of the solution. The results obtained showed that the nutrients in secondary treated effluent was adequate for the carnations, but not for the food crops. The food crops from both treatments were compared to the produce purchased from a supermarket. The food crops showed signs of nutrient deficiency, particularly nitrogen.
Based on the findings of the first experiment, the nutrient solution retention time was amended to 14 days. The carnations were not tested with the shorter nutrient solution retention time (NSRT) because they performed well in the previous trial with the longer nutrient solution retention time. The edible food crops performed better and did not show signs of nutrient deficiency when the nutrient solution retention time was reduced to 14 days.
Further statistical analysis was conducted with the data from Chapters 3 and 4. Nutrient and water balances were calculated and the possible reason that the plants grown in the 14-day nutrient solution retention time took up more water, was a result of increased nutrients and better growth. A simple model was constructed to calculate height of the plants using multiple regression. The model was validated against the data collected from this study.
The experiment conducted in Chapter 6 determined the nutritional quality of the food crops. The harvests from the wastewater and commercially available hydroponics solution were compared to produce purchased from a supermarket and tested for total caroteniods, total soluble solids and ascorbic acid concentrations. The nutritional quality of the wastewater grown produce was comparable to those grown in the hydroponic solution and those purchased.
The risk of pathogen contamination to food crops and the die-off of pathogens in the hydroponic channels were studied in Chapter 7. This was tested by spiking the commercial hydroponic medium with Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium and monitoring bacterial pathogen die-off in the secondary treated domestic wastewater. The pathogen quality of the crop was tested in all treatments as well as on organically grown produce found at a local supermarket. The results of this experiment did not show any contamination on the surface of the food crops or within the food crops.
This study demonstrated that growing tomatoes, silver beet and carnations using secondary-treated domestic wastewater was successful when the nutrient solution retention time was adjusted to the optimum level. In arid, developing and remote communities, this system is ideal as it conserves and reuses water for commercially important crops without compromising the health of the environment or of human beings. It can also be implemented in urban areas, as the system can be scaled according to the availability of space. In addition to this, the effluent after going through this system can be used for open irrigation as it meets the World Health Organisation guidelines.
However, a number of additional concerns need further investigation. They include the transmission risk of other types of pathogen, which depends on the source of wastewater, and the effects of hormones and antibiotics on food crops and their effect on human health.
37
Silva, Juliana Aparecida dos Santos da. "Models for estimation growth, yield and nutrients content of processing tomato /". Jaboticabal, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/147106.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Orientador: Arthur Bernardes Cecílio FilhoCoorientador: Glauco de Souza Rolim
Banca: Renato de Mello Prado
Banca: José Ricardo Mantovani
Banca: Jairo Osvaldo Cazetta
Banca: Adriano Bortolotti da Silva
Resumo: Neste trabalho foram estudados processos relacionados ao desenvolvimento e crescimento do tomate industrial. Os experimentos foram conduzidos nos anos 2013 e 2014 em três áreas diferentes da cidade de Guaíra-SP. No capítulo 1, objetivou-se calibrar e testar o modelo CROPGRO-Tomate com dados de cinco experimentos de campo com tomate industrial sob diferentes concentrações de fósforo no solo. Os tratamentos dos experimentos para calibração foram para a área 1: 0, 150, 300, 450, 600 e 750 kg ha-1 P2O5 e para as áreas dois e três: 0, 200, 400, 600, 800 e 1000 kg ha-1 P2O5, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. Nos experimentos para testar o modelo foi aplicado 450 kg ha-1 P2O5. A cada 15 dias após o transplante (DAT) plantas foram recolhidas para a medição de biomassa e área foliar. No final do ciclo de cultivo foram coletadas plantas para avaliação da produção. Todos os dados coletados foram utilizados para calibração e teste do modelo CROPGRO-Tomate. O modelo foi acurado (índice d médio = 0,91 e RRMSE médio = 0,24) para simular a resposta do tomate industrial à diferentes concentrações de P no solo. O objetivo do experimento 2 foi estimar o índice de área foliar (LAI) do tomate industrial utilizando dados obtidos por métodos destrutivos e não destrutivos, dados meteorológicos e número de folhas (NL). Os métodos de medição da área foliar foram Li-Cor (destrutivo), ImageJ e Canopeo (imagens digitais). Também para a estimativa de LAI foram utilizadas soma de grau-dias (ΣDD), radiação global (Qg) e número de folhas (NL). As fotografias foram tiradas aleatoriamente, em duas áreas diferentes a 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105 e120 DAT utilizando um quadro vazado de 1 m2 de área colocado sobre as plantas. As fotografias foram tiradas em 24 pontos diferentes, em cada ponto foi coletada uma planta para ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: In this work were discussed processes related to development and growth of processing tomato. The experiments were conducted in the years 2013 and 2014 in three different areas in the city of Guaíra-SP. In chapter 1 the objective was to calibrate and test the CROPGRO-Tomato model with data of five field experiments with processing tomato under different phosphorus concentrations in the soil. The treatments of experiments for calibration were for the area 1: 0, 150, 300, 450, 600 and 750 kg ha-1 P2O5 and for the areas two and three: 0, 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 kg ha-1 P2O5, in randomized block design with four replications. The experiments for testing the model 450 kg ha-1 P2O5 was applied. In each 15 days after transplanting (DAT) plants were collected for measuring biomass and leaf area. At the end of crop cycle plants were collected for evaluation of production. All data collected were used for calibration and testing of CROPGRO-Tomato model. The model was accurate (average d index = 0.91, average RRMSE = 0.24) to simulate response of processing tomato to different soil P concentrations. The objective of Experiment 2 was to estimate the leaf area index (LAI) of processing tomato using data obtained by destructive and non-destructive methods, meteorological data and number of leaves (NL). For Experiment 2 the methods of measuring leaf area were Li-Cor (destructive), ImageJ and Canopeo (digital images). Also for estimation of LAI it were used sum of degree-days (ΣDD), global radiation (Qg) and number of leaves (NL). Photographs were taken at random, in two different areas at 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, DAT 120 using a 1m2 square frame placed over the plants. Photographs were taken in 24 different points, in each point it was collected one plant for leaf area measurement using Li-Cor and leaves counting. LAI ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Muller, Jasper Lodewyk. "Pruning and pollination studies on southern highbush blueberries (V. corymbosum L. interspecific hybrids)". Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17837.
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Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Commercial production of the southern highbush blueberries (SHB) ‘Jewel’, ‘Emerald’, ‘Star’, ‘Snowchaser’ and ‘Bluecrisp’ started recently in the Western Cape. In South Africa, no research has been conducted on pruning and pollination of SHB, and various questions regarding these practices have arisen. Six experiments were conducted to evaluate the self-compatibility and the effect of cross-pollination on berry characteristics of ‘Star’, ‘Emerald’, ‘Jewel’, ‘Bluecrisp’ and ‘Snowchaser’. The effect of cross-pollination on fruit set, berry weight, berry diameter and fruit development period is cultivar dependant. ‘Bluecrisp’ appears self-incompatible and ‘Misty’ or ‘Emerald’ can be recommended as cross-pollinators. ‘Snowchaser’ seems self-compatible and solid block plantings can be recommended. ‘Misty’ and ‘Emerald’ would be recommended as cross-pollinators for ‘Star’ and ‘Jewel’ respectively, even though these cultivars will set an adequate crop when self-pollinated. Although ‘Emerald’ seem self-compatible, the fruit set tends to vary greatly and cross-pollination with ‘Jewel’, ‘Misty’ and ‘Bluecrisp’ is recommended to obtain early maturing berries of the required size. Another season’s data is required before final conclusions can be drawn. In order to establish sustainable summer pruning strategies for South African growing conditions that will maximise yield and berry quality for SHB, two pruning trials were conducted. In the first trial, the severity of pruning of ‘Star’, ‘Emerald’ and ‘Jewel’ was evaluated. We established that summer pruning is a compromise between total yield and desired berry size. All the pruning treatments reduced total vegetative growth and shoot number, but increased individual shoot length. Summer pruning increased berry weight and diameter by reducing total yield, but also by developing better quality bearing wood. Vigorous laterals stimulated by pruning seize growth later thereby delaying reproductive bud initiation and harvest. An increase in the severity of pruning increased the level to which the plants responded. No pruning and ‘light pruning’ gave the highest yields, but one more season’s data will clarify whether successive light pruning is sustainable. “Standard pruning” resulted in a well-balanced plant with an intermediate yield and berry size. Heading of one-year-shoots as part of the pruning strategy is not recommended for any of the cultivars. “Severe pruning” will only be recommended for young, newly established plantings where vegetative growth is the main objective. A second trial was conducted to study the effect of time of summer pruning. At Teeland, delaying pruning resulted in a decrease in total new growth and shoot number thereby reducing yield. This was probably due to progressively more buds that became endodormant. For all three cultivars, pruning as soon as possible after harvest would therefore be recommended. At Lushof, the effect of time of summer pruning was not significant. This could be due to the fact that plants were younger and more vigorous or because the area is warmer and growth continued for longer. One more season’s data is needed before any final conclusions are drawn.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Kommersiële verbouing van die “southern highbush” bloubessies (SHB) ‘Jewel’, ‘Emerald’, ‘Star’, ‘Snowchaser’ en ‘Bluecrisp’ is ’n nuwe ontwikkeling in die Wes-Kaap. In Suid-Afrika is nog geen navorsing oor die snoei en bestuiwing van SHB onderneem nie, en verskeie vrae het oor hierdie praktyke ontstaan. Ses eksperimente is gedoen om die self-verenigbaarheid, sowel as die effek van kruisbestuiwing op bessie-eienskappe van ‘Star’, ‘Emerald’, ‘Jewel’, ‘Bluecrisp’ en ‘Snowchaser’ te evalueer. Die effek van kruisbestuiwing op vrugset, bessiegewig, bessiedeursnee en vrugontwikkelingsperiode is kultivar spesifiek. ‘Bluecrisp’ blyk self-onverenigbaar te wees en kruisbestuiwing met ‘Misty’ of ‘Emerald’ word aanbeveel. ‘Snowchaser’ blyk self-verenigbaar te wees en suiwer blok aanplantings kan dus aanbeveel word. ‘Misty’ en ‘Emerald’ word onderskeidelik as kruisbestuiwers vir ‘Star’ en ‘Jewel’ aanbeveel, alhoewel beide kultivars ‘n goeie oes sonder kruisbestuiwing kan lewer. Vir ‘Emerald sal kruisbestuiwing met ‘Jewel’, ‘Misty’ of ‘Bluecrisp’ aanbeveel word, indien vroeë, groot bessies belangrik is. ’n Tweede seisoen se data word benodig om bogenoemde te bevestig voor finale aanbevelings gemaak kan word. Twee snoeiproewe is uitgevoer om volhoubare somersnoei-strategieë te ontwikkel wat die opbrengs en kwaliteit van bessies onder Suid-Afrikaanse groeitoestande sal maksimeer. In die eerste snoeiproef is die intensiteit van snoeisnitte vir ‘Star’, ‘Emerald’ en ‘Jewel’ ondersoek. Daar is vasgestel dat totale opbrengs en bessiegrootte teen mekaar opgeweeg moet word wanneer strafheid van snoei ge-evalueer word. Somersnoei verminder totale vegetatiewe groei en aantal nuwe lote, maar vermeerder lootlengte en bessiegrootte. Somersnoei het ‘n toename in bessiegrootte tot gevolg deur dat die totale opbrengs verminder, maar ook deur die kwaliteit van draende lote te verbeter. Meer groeikragtige lote gestimuleer deur somersnoei, staak verlengingsgroei later in die seisoen wat dan lei tot later bloknopinisiasie en oes. Geen snoei, sowel as “ligte snoei” het gelei tot die grootste opbrengs na die afloop van een seisoen, maar nog ‘n seisoen se data word benodig om vas te stel of dit volhoubaar is. “Standaard snoei’” lei tot ‘n goed gebalanseerde plant met ‘n gemiddelde opbrengs en bessiegrootte. “Harde snoei” sal slegs aanbeveel word vir nuwe aanplantings waar vegetatiewe groei die hoof prioriteit is. Om die tydsbereking van somersnoei aan te spreek, is ‘n tweede snoeiproef uitgevoer. Op Teeland, het ‘n uitstel van somersnoei gelei tot ‘n afname in vegetatiewe groei en aantal lote en dit het dan gelei tot ‘n afname in opbrengs. Hierdie was moontlik die gevolg van meer knoppe wat mettertyd in endodormansie ingegaan het. Op Lushof het die tydsberekening van somersnoei geen betekenisvolle effek gehad nie. Dit kan moontlik toegeskryf word aan die jonger, groeikragtige plante, of aan die langer groeiseisoen weens die warmer klimaat in die area. Nog ‘n seisoen se data word egter benodig voor enige finale gevolgtrekkings gemaak kan word.
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Cheung, Kim-chung Terence. "An horticultural nursery + a Green HK promotion centre". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25954829.
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Crocker, Jaime. "Compost as a Growth Substrate for Woody Ornamental Nursery Production". TopSCHOLAR®, 2004. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/545.
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Peat is an expensive, environmentally nonrenewable component of media used to grow woody ornamental trees. Leaf compost from the city of Bowling Green is an inexpensive renewable resource that was substituted for peat in soil-less container media. Seeds of three commercially important tree species, Koelreuteria paniculata (goldenraintree), Quercus alba (white oak), and Magnolia grandiflora (southern magnolia) were grown in 473 mL bottomless milk containers for 150 days, then repotted to 3785 mL pots for 90 days. Media ratios were 1:0, 3:1, 1:1, 1:3, and 0:1 parts commercial media to leaf compost from the Western Kentucky University Agricultural Research Center in Bowling Green, Kentucky. Destructive and nondestructive measurements were made at 90, 150, 210, and 240 days after planting (DAP). K. paniculata root weight, stem weight, leaf weight, leaf number, and stem height was higher at 90 DAP; stem and leaf growth increased at 210 DAP when grown in a media containing compost; thus it may be a good candidate for use in such a system. Q. alba growth was decreased by the addition of compost and does not appear to be a good candidate for proposed media. At 240 DAP, root weight decreased from 4.777g when grown in commercial media compared to 0.997g in leaf compost. Q. alba leaf number also decreased from 8.5 in commercial media to 0.5 with leaf compost. The results from M. grandiflora were mixed, and further classification is necessary. Media samples showed increased soil pH from 6.2 in the commercial mix to 8.5 in pure compost. Elevated pH and its associated availability of anions and cations likely was the greatest factor influencing growth of these trees. Economic analysis demonstrated that significant cost savings to the producer could be achieved by using compost as a media component.
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Reynolds, Sarah. "The use of summer cover crops and composted broiler litter in fall organic vegetable production". Thesis, Mississippi State University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1536140.
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Cover crops and composted broiler litter (CBL) are two organic methods used to improve soils and organic vegetable production. The objectives of this study included determining the extent summer cover crops and CBL alter nutrient availability in soil, determining how summer cover crops and CBL influence fall vegetable crops in organic production systems and identifying which cover crops/ CBL combinations improve fall vegetable crop production best. Four cover crops were tested: sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea), sesame (Sesamum indicum), sorghum sudan grass (Sorghum X drummondii) and a sunn hemp + sesame blend, in combination with four composted broiler litter rates: 0, 2,800, 5,600, 11,200 kg.ha -1 for two years. Few differences were seen among cover crop treatments except for the sorghum sudan grass treatment, which had negative effects on fall broccoli production unless combined with CBL. The CBL increased nutrient availability, percent organic matter, pH and broccoli yield as the rate increased.
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Thériault, Frédéric. "Use of perennial leguminous living mulches for the fertilization of broccoli in an organic agriculture system". Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21920.
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Use of alfalfa and red clover living mulches and green manures as alternative, biologically-based, means of fertilizing organic broccoli was studied. Both green manures increased broccoli head weight, hollow stem incidence, SPAD readings, total N content of the plants, and soil available N. These green manures can supply N to a broccoli crop in excess of the recommended dosage and produce satisfactory yields in organic production systems. Living mulches reduced broccoli yields (head weight and diameter), reduced N uptake (SPAD readings), even though they increased soil N availability (especially alfalfa). Living mulches appear to have the potential to supply N to broccoli, but cropping practices should be modified to limit competition. When row covers and living mulches are used together, the creation of a sheltered microenvironment provides better conditions for imported cabbage worm (Pieris rapae) larvae, which, in this experiment, were more abundant in living mulch plots.L'utilisation du trèfle rouge et de la luzerne en paillis vivant et en engrais vert pour la fertilisation biologique du brocoli a été testée. Les deux engrais verts ont augmenté le poids du brocoli, la présence de cœur creux, l'absorption d'azote (SPAD), l'azote total du brocoli et l'azote disponible du sol. Ces engrais verts peuvent fournir plus d'azote que les doses recommandées et assurer des rendements satisfaisants en régie biologique. Les paillis vivants ont diminué les rendements et l'absorption d'azote (SPAD), mais ont augmenté l'azote disponible du sol (surtout la luzerne). Les paillis vivants ont le potentiel de fournir de l'azote au brocoli, mais la régie doit être modifiée pour limiter la compétition. Lorsque des bâches flottantes sont utilisées en combinaison avec les paillis vivants, un micrœnvironnement est créé. Nous avons observé une plus grande abondance de Pieris rapae dans les paillis vivants.
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Caralampides, Laura. "Effect of different fertilization levels on yield and lypocene content of field tomatoes". Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=110534.
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This thesis examined the effect of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilization rates on field fresh-market tomato yield (cv. Florida 47), nutrient levels in leaves, fruits and soil, and fruit lycopene content. Yield and plant nutrient levels were not affected by N fertigation and soil nitrate level suggested leaching. The causes for leaching were site specific. High initial P levels affected plant nutrient content and soil pH influenced availability of nutrients in the soil. Yield showed a quadratic response to increasing P fertilization. High initial K soil levels affected foliar nutrients and there was no response to fertilization. However, for soils low in initial K the maximum yield was obtained with 160kg K2O ha-1. Lycopene content was maximized at 90 and 20 kg ha-1 of N and K, respectively for early harvests. Tomatoes harvested earlier in the season, at a more advanced ripening stage and with a shorter post-harvest period had significantly more lycopene.Cette thèse avait pour but d'identifier l'effet des taux de fertilisation dàzote (N), de phosphore (P) et de potassium (K) sur le rendement de tomate en champs (cv. Florida 47), la concentration en minéraux dans les feuilles, fruits et sol, ainsi que la teneur en lycopène des fruits. Le rendement et la teneur en éléments nutritifs des plantes n'ont pas été affectés par la fertigation d'azote. Aussi, le niveau de nitrates du sol suggère qu'il y a eu du lessivage. Les causes de lessivage étaient spécifiques au site. Les niveaux initiaux élevés de P ont affecté le contenu en éléments nutritifs des plants; aussi, le pH du sol a influencé la disponibilité des nutriments dans le sol. Le rendement a répondu de manière quadratique à l'augmentation des taux de fertilisation en P. Lorsque la teneur initiale en K était élevé, les concentrations foliaires étaient affectées, par contre il n'y avait pas de réponse à la fertilisation. Cependant, pour les sols à faible teneur en K le rendement maximal était obtenu avec l'application de 160kg K2O ha-1. La teneur en lycopène était maximisée à 90 et 20 kg ha-1 de N et K, respectivement, lors de la récolte plus hâtive. Les tomates récoltées plus tôt dans la saison, à un stade de maturation plus avancé et avec une plus courte période post-récolte avaient une plus haute teneur en lycopène.
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Morales, Garcia Dagobiet. "The effects of saline irrigation water on the growth and development of bell pepper «Capsicum annuum L.)» grown using a plasticulture system". Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32374.
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Salinity affects food production worldwide. Hence, appropriate management of saline water is important to reduce negative effects on plants, soils, and ultimately the groundwater. Peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) are moderately sensitive to salinity, and required a high water input to maximize yields. This project investigated the effects of varying levels of salinity (0.2 to 9.0 dS∙m−1) and the use of drip irrigation and mulching as water management for peppers. During fruit development, stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration (E) and photosynthesis (A) decreased as salinity increased. Mulched plants had higher gs, E and A than the ones grown in bare soil. Growth was reduced by salinity but increased by mulching. Saline water levels above the control (0.2 or 0.5 dS∙m−1) reduced marketable yield whereas mulched plants had higher marketable yields than plants grown in bare soil. Under limited salt leaching condition, mulched plants required less water at all levels of salinity than the ones grown in bare soil, resulting in less soil salinization. Effects of saline water on seedlings showed that final emergence was only reduced at salinities equal or greater than 3.5 dS∙m−1. In general, growth (dry weight) and rates of gs, E and A were reduced at salinities equal or greater than 2.5 dS∙m−1. Applying saline water (2.5 dS∙m−1) at different growth stages with limited salt leaching, showed that plants grown in bare soil were slower than mulched ones to recover normal physiology after periods of saline irrigation. Saline irrigation applied from fruit set onwards decreased marketable fruit production whereas mulched plants increased yields regardless of salineLa salinité affecte la production alimentaire partout dans le monde. Il est donc important de gérer adéquatement l'eau saline pour réduire les effets négatifs sur les plantes, le sol et les nappes souterraines. Le poivron (Capsicum annuum L.) est modérément sensible à la salinité et requiert une forte demande en eau pour maximiser les rendements. Ce projet visait à étudier les effets de différents niveaux de salinité (0.2 à 9.0 dS∙m−1) et l'utilisation de l'irrigation goutte-à-goutte et de paillis pour la gestion de l'eau dans les champs de poivrons. Pendant la formation des fruits, la conduction des stomates (gs), la transpiration (E) et la photosynthèse (A) ont diminué en fonction de l'augmentation de la salinité. Les plants sur paillis avaient de plus grandes gs, E et A que les plants sans paillis. La croissance était réduite par la salinité mais augmentait avec le paillis. L'eau saline (0.2 ou 0.5 dS∙m−1) a réduit le rendement vendable alors que les plants sur paillis avaient un meilleur rendement que les plants sans paillis. Sous des conditions limitées de lessivage des sels, les plants sur paillis ont nécessité moins d'eau à tous les niveaux de salinité que les plants sans paillis ce qui a réduit la salinisation du sol. Les effets de l'eau saline sur les semis ont réduit leur émergence seulement à des salinités de plus de 3.5 dS∙m−1. En général, la croissance (poids sec) et les niveaux de gs, E et A étaient réduits à 2.5 dS∙m−1. L'application d'eau saline (2.5 dS∙m−1) à différents stades de croissance, avec un lessivage des sels limité, a montré que les plants sans paillis croissaient plus lentement que les
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Sivesind, Evan. "Selective flame weeding in vegetable crops". Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=95016.
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Flame weeding is a thermal weed control method that controls weeds through the application of extremely high temperatures. Field experiments were conducted from 2005 to 2007 to determine weed and crop tolerance to flame weeding and to investigate effects on plant development, crop yield, and crop quality. Dose-response curves were constructed for weeds common to horticultural fields in Québec. Flame weeding was more effective in controlling dicot weeds than monocot weeds. Flame doses that reduced common lambsquarters density by 95% (LD95) ranged from 0.83 to 2.85 kg propane km-1 for plants at the cotyledon through the 6-leaf growth stage. LD95 values for redroot pigweed ranged from 1.19 to 2.72 kg propane km-1 for plants at the cotyledon through the 4-leaf growth stage. In shepherd's-purse, LD95 values for weeds at the cotyledon and the 2- to 5-leaf growth stage were 1.15 and 2.78 kg propane km-1, respectively. Control of monocot weeds was poor, with survival greater than 50% for all flame doses evaluated. Onion and broccoli were tolerant of a single flame weeding treatment, with yield losses observed only when flamed within 20 days after transplantation (DAT). Among weed-free treatments, onion was able to withstand up to six flame treatments without any detectable loss in yield. However, flame treatments alone were not able to provide sufficient weed control to maintain yields. Flame weeding had minimal effects on time to reach maturity, leaf and bulb development, pungency or quercetin concentration in onion. Broccoli tolerated up to four flame treatments in weed-free plots without yield reductions. Flame-only treatments had lower yields than the flamed, weed-free treatments in one of two years. Flame treatments had limited effects on the number of days to maturity, leaf development, and glucoraphanin concentration in broccoli. Yield losses in spinach and beets were observed when flamed at both the 4- and 6-leaf growth stages; however, no adverseLe pyrodésherbage est une technique de contrôle des adventices qui utilise l'application de températures extrêmement élevées. Des expériences on été menées de 2005 à 2007 pour déterminer la tolérance au pyrodésherbage des adventices et de différentes cultures maraîchères et pour évaluer les effets sur le rendement, le développement et la qualité des cultures. Des courbes de réponses au pyrodésherbage ont été construites pour certaines adventices communes au Québec. La technique a contrôlé plus efficacement les dicotylédones que les monocotylédones. Les doses de pyrodésherbage qui ont réduit le chénopode blanc de 95% (DL95) variaient de 0,83 à 2,85 kg propane km-1 pour les stades de croissance variant de cotylédons à 6 feuilles déployées. Les DL95 pour l'amarante à racine rouge se situaient entre 1,19 et 2,72 kg propane km-1 pour les stades de croissances variant de cotylédons à 4 feuilles déployées. Pour la bourse à pasteur, ces valeurs se situaient à 1,15 et 2,78 kg propane km-1 pour les stades de cotylédons et 2 à 5 feuilles déployées, respectivement. L'oignon et le brocoli ont toléré le pyrodésherbage; des pertes de rendements n'ont été observées que lorsque le traitement était effectué moins de 20 jours après transplantation. Dans les traitements sans adventices, l'oignon a été capable de résister jusqu'à six traitements de pyrodésherbage sans baisse observable de rendement. Toutefois, le pyrodésherbage seul a été insuffisant pour permettre un contrôle des adventices suffisant à maintenir le rendement. Le pyrodésherbage a eu un effet mineur sur la précocité, le développement des feuilles et du bulbe, l'âcreté ou la concentration de quercétine dans le bulbe. Le brocoli a été capable de résister jusqu'à 4 traitements de pyrodésherbage sans baisse observable de rendement dans les parcelles sans adventices. Les traitements incluant seulement le pyrodésherbage ont eu un rendement inf
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Liplap, Pansa. "Respiration rate in transient period, its implication on the effect of hyperbaric pressure treatment; the treatment advantage in shelf life extension of various commodities". Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=121463.
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Postharvest losses of fresh fruit and vegetables are considerable if they are not properly handled. Hyperbaric pressure treatment is a physical treatment that has the advantages over other treatments in terms of treatment uniformity on the item and independent of its size and shape. Nevertheless, the response of fruit and vegetables to this technique has been little explored. Respiration rate (RR) has been previously proposed as an indicator to reveal the importance of hyperbaric pressure treatment. However, the real RR measured during the transient period of hyperbaric pressure treatment has been unknown because of the effect of dilution and the gas solubilisation. The main purposes of this study were: 1) to study the potential of hyperbaric pressure treatment (pressure levels ranging from 100 kPa to 900 kPa) to extend shelf life and maintain quality of different types of fruit and vegetables (i.e. sweet corn, avocado, lettuce and tomato) at room temperature (20 °C); and 2) to develop a method for measuring the RR of horticultural produce during the transient period. Hyperbaric pressure treatment generally reduced RR of the tested produce but the magnitudes are dependent on their type. Compared with storage at room conditions (100 kPa, 20 °C), hyperbaric pressure treatment reduced RR greatly in the case of sweet corn and avocado but the reduction was slight for lettuce and tomato. The reduced weight loss was a consistent effect of hyperbaric pressure treatment. The color, especially green, was found to change less for all types of produce. Hyperbaric pressure treatment at room temperature attenuated firmness loss of avocado, tomato and lettuce. The tastes of pressure-treated produce were maintained or not affected by post hyperbaric pressure treatment. Overall, hyperbaric pressure treatment preserved quality attributes of horticultural produce during treatment, resulting in shelf life extension and did not have any adverse effect on taste or appearance during storage or shelf holding periods.The effect of hyperbaric pressure treatment on biochemical compounds (antioxidants) and their antioxidant activities was studied using tomato. Hyperbaric treatment significantly affected lycopene content by inhibiting then enhancing its accumulation during treatment and ripening, respectively. Ascorbic acid and total phenolic contents, lipophilic antioxidant (LAA) and hydrophilic antioxidant (HAA) were not affected by hyperbaric pressure treatment. An experiment on the bacterial growth was conducted to investigate whether hyperbaric pressure treatment had direct impact on the behaviour of decay-causing bacteria or not. Results showed that hyperbaric pressure treatment at room temperature greatly reduced the growth behaviour of bacteria that cause soft rot in fruit and vegetables. This may in part explain the decay reduction of horticultural produce when treated with hyperbaric treatment.The real metabolic RRm in transient period was evaluated by considering gas dilution due to flushing system and solubilisation of CO2 in the flesh of the produce based on mass balance of CO2 in the system. The RRm in transient period was estimated by incorporating the initial RR of untreated fruits with the RR at equilibrium. The kinetics of RRm in transient period followed a negative exponential equation. The constant value (k) of the RRm model in transient period was found to decrease exponentially with the partial pressure of CO2 at equilibrium. It implicates the amount of gas solubilised and the time to reach equilibrium. The developed method should be validated with other produce for the determination of RRm during the transient period at the beginning of a hyperbaric treatment.Les pertes postrécoltes de fruits et légumes frais peuvent être considérables s'ils ne sont pas manipulés convenablement. Le traitement physique hyperbare (TH) a l'avantage, contrairement aux autres traitements, d'être uniforme et indépendant de la taille et de la forme du produit. La réponse des fruits et légumes à ce type de traitement a cependant été peu étudiée. Le taux de respiration (TR) est suggéré comme indicateur de l'efficacité du TH. Par contre, le taux réel de respiration durant la période de transitoire du TH avant d'atteindre l'équilibre est inconnu dû aux effets de dilution et de solubilisation des gaz. Les principaux objectifs de cette étude étaient : 1) étudier le potentiel du TH sur la prolongation de la durée de vie tablette et le maintien de la qualité de différents types de fruits et légumes considérant les aspects physiologique, biochimique et microbiologique; 2) développer une méthode de mesure du TR des divers types de produits horticoles durant la période de transitoire du traitement. Des essaies ont été réalisées en utilisant des pressions entre 100 kPa et 900 kPa sur le maïs sucré, l'avocat, la laitue et la tomate à la température de 20 °C. Les résultats ont montré que le TH réduisait le TR de façons différentes selon le type de produit; soit de manière plus importante pour le maïs sucré et l'avocat, mais peu pour la laitue feuille et la tomate lorsque comparé à l'entreposage à température ambiante et à pression normale (20 °C, 100 kPa). Toutefois, la réduction de la perte de poids a toujours été présente peu importe le produit traité. La couleur, surtout le vert, change moins que le témoin peu importe le produit traité. Le TH à température ambiante a réduit la perte de fermeté de l'avocat, la tomate et la laitue. Le goût des produits traités sous pression a été maintenu. En général, le TH préserve la qualité des produits horticoles durant le traitement, prolongeant leur durée de vie sans effets néfastes sur leur goût et leur apparence. Les effets du TH sur les composés biochimiques (antioxydants) et leur activité antioxydante ont été étudiés avec la tomate. Le TH a influencé considérablement le contenu en lycopène d'abord en limitant, puis en stimulant son accumulation durant le traitement et l'entreposage, respectivement. Les contenus en acide ascorbique, en phénols totaux, en antioxydants lipophiles (LAA) et hydrophiles (HAA) n'étaient pas affectés par le TH. Une expérience sur la croissance de bactéries pathogènes a été réalisée pour déterminer la présence d'effet du TH sur leur développement. Le TH réalisé à température ambiante a réduit considérablement la croissance de bactéries causant la pourriture molle. Ceci pourrait expliquer la réduction de pourriture chez les produits horticoles traités sous pression. Le taux de respiration métabolique réel (RRm) en période transitoire a été évalué en considérant la dilution du gaz durant le période de mise en régime du système et la solubilisation de CO2 dans la chair du produit basée sur un bilan de masse du CO2. Le RRm en période de transition a été estimé en incorporant le RR initial du produit non traité avec le RR à l'équilibre du produit traité. La dynamique du RRm en période de transition a suivi la forme d'une équation exponentielle négative. La valeur de la constante (k) du modèle de RRm a diminué exponentiellement lorsque la pression partielle du CO2 a atteint l'équilibre. La méthode développée devrait être validée sur d'autres produits pour déterminer la valeur du RRm durant la période transitoire située au début d'un traitement hyperbare.
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Cook-Perrin, Christiane. "L'horticulture ornementale française face à l'internationalisation des échanges". Paris, EHESS, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985EHESA007.
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Bufé, Michael John. "The early physiological responses of three avocado (Persea americana Mill.) rootstocks to infection with Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/72845.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Avocado is a globally significant fruit tree crop. However, Phytophthora root rot, caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi (Pc), is the primary limitation to production in most countries. This soil borne oomycete pathogen infects and damages avocado tree root systems, leading to canopy decline and reduced yields. The disease can be managed successfully in an integrated manner, but not totally eliminated. An important aspect of integrated control that could potentially provide a lasting solution is the use of Pc-resistant rootstocks. Although selection of these rootstocks is time-consuming, better understanding of the host-pathogen interaction may aid in defence marker identification which could enhance selection efficiency.
This study used Pc-susceptible and resistant rootstocks to examine the histological and/ or quantitative biochemical differences in callose, lignin, reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidants, phenolics, tyloses and gums in response to infection. This was the first quantitative study of callose and lignin deposition in R0.38, R0.06 and R0.09, and the first time Pc-resistance mechanisms were examined in R0.38.
Notably, the early pervasive growth of Pc into the stele of R0.38 concurred with its susceptibility to Pc. Although Pc-susceptible R0.38 produced more callose than Pc-resistant R0.06 at the earliest time point of 6 hours post inoculation (hpi), Pc-resistant R0.09 produced the most callose in the entire trial at the proposed biotrophic to necrotrophic switch of 12 hpi in Pc. This response in R0.09 is a potential biochemical resistance marker to Pc. There were no significant increases in lignin deposition in response to infection, but resistant rootstocks showed a significant decrease in lignin at 24 hpi, which may have been due to degradation by Pc. Hence the study of lignin is unlikely to aid defence marker identification. There were no significant changes in ROS production, possibly due to assay insensitivity, but all rootstocks did show significant changes in antioxidant production. This suggests that there may have been small changes in ROS, which could have been linked to defence signalling. Phenolics and gums were produced in greater abundance and earlier in R0.38, as compared to the resistant rootstocks, and hence they were not associated with resistance to Pc but possibly susceptibility. Therefore they are not useful in the search for resistance markers. The role of tyloses in defence against Pc was inconclusive, as tyloses were observed in both R0.38 and R0.09 at the same time point of 12 hpi.Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2019.
NRF
Hans Merensky
Plant Production and Soil Science
MSc (Agric: Horticulture)
Unrestricted
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Case, Luke Thomas. "Herbicide-treated mulches for ornamental weed control". The Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1399623802.
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Chaléard, Jean-Louis Pélissier Paul. "Temps des villes, temps des vivres : l'essor du vivrier marchand en Côte d'Ivoire /". Paris : Éd. Karthala, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35808878h.
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