Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Homologie distante"
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Sussfeld, Duncan. "Identifying remote homology and gene remodelling using network-based approaches". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASL112.
Texto completo da fonteThe ever-increasing accumulation of genomic and metagenomic data calls for new methodological developments in bioinformatics, in order to characterise evolutionary phenomena as a whole with better accuracy. In particular, some of the canonical methods to study the evolution of genes and gene families may be ill-suited when the relatedness of sequences is only partially supported. For instance, the definition and reconstruction of gene families face the hurdle of remote homology, which falls beneath the detection thresholds of sequence alignments. Likewise, combinatorial mechanisms of evolution, such as gene fusion and gene fission, challenge the purely tree-based representations of gene family evolution. The use of complementary methods based on sequence similarity networks allows us to circumvent some of these shortcomings, by offering a more holistic representation of similarities between genes. The detection and analysis of highly divergent homologues of strongly conserved families in environmental sequence datasets, in particular, is facilitated by iterative homology search protocols based on networks. This iterative mining of metagenomes reveals an immense diversity of environmental variants in these families, diverging from the known diversity in primary sequence as well as in the tertiary structure of the proteins they encode. It is thus able to suggest possible directions of future explorations into microbial dark matter. Furthermore, by factoring in relationships of partial homology between gene sequences, sequence similarity networks allow for a systematic identification of gene fusion and fission events. It thus becomes possible to assess the effects of these processes on the evolution of biological lineages of interest, enabling us for instance to compare the role that they played in the emergence of complex multicellular phenotypes between several such lineages. More generally, these network-based approaches illustrate the benefits of taking a plurality of models into account, in order to study a broader range of evolutionary processes
Tinarrage, Raphaël. "Inférence topologique à partir de mesures et de fibrés vectoriels". Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASM001.
Texto completo da fonteWe contribute to the theory of topological inference, based on the theory of persistent homology, by proposing three families of filtrations.For each of them, we prove consistency results---that is, the quality of approximation of an underlying geometric object---, and stability results---that is, robustness against initial measurement errors.We propose concrete algorithms in order to use these methods in practice.The first family, the DTM-filtration, is a robust alternative to the classical Cech filtration when the point cloud is noisy or contains outliers.It is based on the notion of distance to measure, which allows to obtain stability in the sense of the Wasserstein distance.Secondly, we propose the lifted filtrations, which make it possible to estimate the homology of immersed manifolds, even when their reach is zero.We introduce the notion of normal reach, and show that it leads to a quantitative control of the manifold.We study the estimation of tangent spaces by local covariance matrices.Thirdly, we develop a framework for vector bundle filtrations, and define the persistent Stiefel-Whitney classes.We show that the persistent classes associated to the Cech bundle filtrations are Hausdorff-stable and consistent.To allow their algorithmic implementation, we introduce the notion of weak star condition
Lee, Marianne M. "A two-pronged approach to improve distant homology detection". Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1242235868.
Texto completo da fonteHamdi, Chaima. "Applications de l’homologie persistante pour la reconnaissance des formes". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10675.
Texto completo da fonteMauricio, Mauro. "Distance bounding and Heegaard Floer homology methods in reducible Dehn surgery". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/10226.
Texto completo da fonteQuercioli, Nicola. "A compactness theorem in group invariant persistent homology". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/13485/.
Texto completo da fonteElchesen, Alex. "Stability of Zigzag Persistence with Respect to a Reflection-type Distance". The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1492707343134983.
Texto completo da fonteChowdhury, Samir. "Metric and Topological Approaches to Network Data Analysis". The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1555420352147114.
Texto completo da fonteOruc-Ratinaud, Zéliha. "Interactions de longue distance et commutation de classe dans le locus des chaînes lourdes d’immunoglobulines". Limoges, 2006. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/c5f89700-ef67-402e-ad1b-559e8e524b0c/blobholder:0/2006LIMO0066.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteClass switch recombination is a process in the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus (IgH) which requires germline transcription, Activated-Induced cytidine Deaminase (AID) and the 3' regulatory region (3'RR). In order to investigate the effect of long-range interactions on the class switch recombination, we generated three models in the mouse thanks to homologous recombination. In the first model, the entire or mutated core element of the chicken HS4 insulator was inserted between the 3'RR and the IgH locus. In the second, a polyadenylation and pause site was inserted downstream of germline promoters Imu or Igamma3 to attempt a premature termination of the germline transcription. In the last, the Igamma3 germline promoter was replaced by Igamma1. Thanks to these models, a better understanding is possible about the long-range interactions during the regulation of the germline transcription, the class switch recombination and the transcriptional elongation
Buchet, Mickaël. "Topological inference from measures". Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112367/document.
Texto completo da fonteMassive amounts of data are now available for study. Asking questions that are both relevant and possible to answer is a difficult task. One can look for something different than the answer to a precise question. Topological data analysis looks for structure in point cloud data, which can be informative by itself but can also provide directions for further questioning. A common challenge faced in this area is the choice of the right scale at which to process the data.One widely used tool in this domain is persistent homology. By processing the data at all scales, it does not rely on a particular choice of scale. Moreover, its stability properties provide a natural way to go from discrete data to an underlying continuous structure. Finally, it can be combined with other tools, like the distance to a measure, which allows to handle noise that are unbounded. The main caveat of this approach is its high complexity.In this thesis, we will introduce topological data analysis and persistent homology, then show how to use approximation to reduce the computational complexity. We provide an approximation scheme to the distance to a measure and a sparsifying method of weighted Vietoris-Rips complexes in order to approximate persistence diagrams with practical complexity. We detail the specific properties of these constructions.Persistent homology was previously shown to be of use for scalar field analysis. We provide a way to combine it with the distance to a measure in order to handle a wider class of noise, especially data with unbounded errors. Finally, we discuss interesting opportunities opened by these results to study data where parts are missing or erroneous
Brasini, Martina. "On the concept of permutant in the theory of group equivariant non-expansive operators". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/20707/.
Texto completo da fonteCamporesi, Francesco. "On the construction of group invariant non expansive operators". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/15807/.
Texto completo da fonteDomelevo, Entfellner Jean-Baka. "Combinaison de modèles phylogénétiques et longitudinaux pour l'analyse des séquences biologiques : reconstruction de HMM profils ancestraux". Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00842847.
Texto completo da fonteWang, Chih-Yuan, e 王志淵. "RDHSP-Recognize Distant Homologues by Sequence-structure Profile alignment". Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/hq6986.
Texto completo da fonte國立交通大學
生物資訊研究所
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The RDHSP (Recognize Distant Homologues by Sequence-struc- ture Profile com- parison) is the protein fold recognition using the threading method. For a given target protein seq- uence and a template structure, RDHSP guarantees to find a globally optimal threading alignment between the two. RDHSP is based upon the premise that structure is better conserv- ed than sequence. Every residue in a protein tertiary stru- cture exists in a particular environment that can be descr- ibed by features such as main-chain conform- ation, solvent accessibility, and contact energy, contact residue numbers. RDHSP empl- oys environment-specific scoring table that of- fer a more precise and discriminating measure of substitut- ion probabilities. Compare with the popular PSI-BLAST, RDHSP is 4.6%, 22.2% and 21.6% more sensitive in detecting the family, superfamily, fold simila- rities in the Lindal benchmark.
Leclercq, Rémi. "Invariants spectraux en homologie de Floer lagrangienne". Thèse, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18143.
Texto completo da fonteZheng, Yi. "Application of Persistent Homology in Signal and Image Denoising". Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0022-6068-C.
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