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Haque, Riffat. "Feminist Discourse In The Muslim Societies". Pakistan Journal of Gender Studies 2, n.º 1 (8 de setembro de 2009): 103–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/pjgs.v2i1.358.
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The present commentary is an attempt to trace the history of feminism in the Muslims countries and see how far the western feminist frameworks has influenced or provided impetus to the benchmarks, debates and struggles. Women rights agenda any where in the world can not be decontextualized from its history, politics, economy, customs, religion, traditions and geographical location. In the Muslim countries the discourse of women activism against the societal oppression and exploitation has been linked with colonization and state power as well as. Any Study of feminism shows that its meaning changes overtime and place and therefore, diverse nature of feminism in Muslim countries. Muslim women in pursuit of their rights have distanced themselves from many aspects of western feminism. They have faced fieree opposition within their societies. As in Muslim societies feminist agendas are considered as a challenge to Islam and Islamic culture. As elaborated in the article it is seen there is not one "Islamic" position in cultural practices and the contradictory practices are the issue not the Sharia Laws in itself. The women rights agenda are not against Islam rather un- Islamic practices in the societies such as basic rights to health, education, property rights, polygamy, marital status etc.
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Kurt, Ibrahim. "Societies Need New Perspectives on Race and Ethnicity: Societies in Harmony (Religious Context)". International Journal Ihya' 'Ulum al-Din 23, n.º 1 (24 de junho de 2021): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/ihya.23.1.7765.
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After many centuries, humankinds have reached today’s time by passing the centuries’ gatherings to their offspring. The civilizations which were established in the different part of the world have had their own culture according to their needs, religions, daily routines etc. One more step from here to cultural and traditional attitudes which were risen and had been started to show them on individual’s behaviors and ideas. During these periods, the individuals specifically have learned and understood life from their societies. So, individuals’ behaviors and attitudes are shaped according to societies what cultural arguments they have. The perception and understanding of arguments can be different in those many centuries but there have -always- been race and ethnicity. The interpreting of the terms specifically has shown itself weakly or strongly from the deep sight of the history till now. This article has a general glance at race and ethnicity for seeking and finding the middle path in the societies. It is important to study on race and ethnicity and to build a new understanding and perspective for humans and how to bring positive ideas for societies and nations.
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Buhlai, Natalia, e Vladyslava Piskizhova. "The Federation of Greek communities of Ukraine: History of formation and activity". Scientific Papers of the Kamianets-Podilskyi National Ivan Ohiienko University. History 34 (29 de dezembro de 2021): 254–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.32626/2309-2254.2021-34.259-274.
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The purpose of the study is to analyze the history of the Federation of Greek Societies of Ukraine and its activities. Th e research methodology is based on the scientifi c principles of historicism and objectivity with the use of general scientifi c method of analysis and synthesis and a number of specifi c scientifi c methods such as historical-genetic, historical-systemic, ideographic, etc. The scientifi c novelty is determined primarily by the fact that the stated topic has not yet been the subject of a separate scientifi c study. Conclusions. Th e Federation of Greek Societies of Ukraine is a leading public institution of the Greek community of Ukraine, formed to protect the national and cultural interests of its members. Now it unites more than 90 Greek societies. Th e achievements and problems of this organizational structure on the way to the realization of the goals and tasks declared by its Statute are analyzed. In particular, the activity of the organization in the following directions is revealed: popularization of history and culture, as well as a revival of national traditions of the Greek people, honouring the memory of its prominent personalities, charity, etc. Th e eff orts of the organization aimed at encouraging the representatives of the Greek community of Ukraine to study the native languages of the Nadazov Greeks – Urum and Rumei, as well as modern Greek as the language of the metropolis (the Hellenic Republic) are refl ected. It has been found that the direct participation of the independent Ukrainian state in the process of material support of national and cultural needs of the Greek community, especially in comparison with the number of funds received from government and public structures of the Hellenic Republic, is insignifi cant. Finally, the role of the Federation of Greek Societies of Ukraine in the interconnected processes of formation of the national-cultural movement of Ukrainian Greeks and the revival of “Hellenism” in Ukraine has been determined. In this context, the concept of “Hellenism” should not be equated with the Hellenistic era but interpreted in terms of “cultural heritage of the Greek people”; Th is is how it is used in their records by the organizational structures of the Greek community in Ukraine, the Greek diaspora, and others.
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Morgan, D. O. "Ira M. Lapidus: A history of Islamic societies. xxxi, 1002 pp. Cambridge, etc.: Cambridge University Press, 1988. £35." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 54, n.º 1 (fevereiro de 1991): 154–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00009745.
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TARNAVSKYI, Roman. "Scientific Societies of Students Specialized in Folk Studies at Lviv University in the First Half of the 20th Century: Features of Organizational Principles and Activities". Наукові зошити історичного факультету Львівського університету / Proceedings of History Faculty of Lviv University, n.º 23 (8 de junho de 2022): 341–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/fhi.2022.22-23.3626.
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The peculiarities of organizational bases of scientific work of students specialized in folk studies at Lviv University at different stages of its history (as the Emperor Franz I Imperial-Royal University of Lviv (before 1918), as Jan Casimir University of Lviv (1919–1939) and as Ivan Franko State University of Lviv) are characterized. Particular attention is paid to the forms of activity of student scientific societies. As a result of the study, it was stated that one of the important components of the organization of folk studies at Lviv University were student scientific societies, organized directly on the initiative of students interested in various fields of folk studies. One of the first such societies – the Ethnographic Circle – emerged at the Geographical Institute of the Emperor Franz I Imperial-Royal University of Lviv. The Circle of Students of Anthropological Sciences of the Jan Casimir University of Lviv have been active since the late 1920s. It differed from similar student societies in other universities in its efforts to develop links between anthropology, ethnology, and prehistory. The society also taxed the connections of these sciences with related branches of scientific knowledge – the history of law, sociology, etc. This direction contributed to the search for new methodological approaches to solving c problems of folk studies. The activities of the Circle of Anthropological Sciences were supported (in particular, financially) at the level of the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Poland, the leadership of Lviv University and its professors Jan Czekanowski, Adam Fischer, Leon Kozłowski, associate professors and doctors. This activity contributed to the improvement of professional training of future scientists, and at that time – students. Scientific work, organized within the framework of student scientific societies, was also developed at Ivan Franko State University of Lviv. In particular, in the first postwar years a Circle of Folklore and Ethnography was organized, Mykhailo Skoryk took care of this society. One of the important components of the society’s activity was the organization of field trips of students in order to record folklore and ethnographic materials.
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Laugu, Nurdin. "The Roles of Mosque Libraries through History". Al-Jami'ah: Journal of Islamic Studies 45, n.º 1 (25 de junho de 2007): 91–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2007.451.91-118.
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Since the formation of the Islamic society by Prophet Muhammad, mosque libraries fulfilled several important roles that deserve scholarly attention. Therefore, this article elicits the significance of these various roles within Muslim societies through Islamic history. Until present day, almost all mosque libraries provide a variety of collections, concerning both religious and non-religious issues, such as social science and education. In line with these roles, this paper presents different examples of mosque libraries that, through history, contributed significantly to the development of Islamic civilization, like the library of the al-Azhar mosque in Egypt, the Grand Mosque Library in Cordova, etc. In addition, several aspects determining the (in)significance of mosque libraries through history, such as library management and factors contributing to the stagnation of mosque libraries, are investigated.
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Klymov, Valeriy. "Tolerance of inter-confessional relations: state, problems and perspectives". Religious Freedom, n.º 17-18 (24 de dezembro de 2013): 115–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32420/rs.2013.17-18.997.
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Problems of interreligious relations at all levels - from interchurch to personal - accompanied religious communities throughout the history of their existence, gaining for various reasons the severity and urgency of the solution in some periods, and entering the channel of calm, everyday and business coexistence, into other . At one point in history, the antagonism of relations between religions and their representatives has repeatedly become the reason for the violent conversion of other peoples to their faith, the religious wars of several decades, large-scale manifestations of fanaticism, crusades, persecution of Jews, religious terrorism, etc.; in other historical secrets (no matter how short they were), tolerant relations between carriers of different confessions in multi-confessional societies created conditions for a coordinated solution of national problems, contributed to political understanding, mutually enriching coexistence of ethno-religious communities, ensuring the stability of societies and states
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Oleksenko, Roman, Vladyslav Parkhomenko e Olha Perepeliuk. "Antiquities of Northern Black Sea Region and Bessarabia on Pages of Eparchy Publications in Pre-Soviet Era". Eminak, n.º 2(42) (15 de agosto de 2023): 220–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33782/eminak2023.2(42).649.
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The purpose of the publication is to study the informational potential of local church periodicals for modern archaeological science.
The scientific novelty is in drawing the attention of the archaeological community to non-standard sources of obtaining information for the history of archaeological science and the formation of generalizing information about archaeological sites and finds of material culture.
Conclusions. It can be stated with certainty that ‘Eparchialnyie Vedomosti’ can serve not only as a source for the history of archaeological science (in terms of the participation of the clergy and church societies in the accumulation of archaeological knowledge), but also as a direct source of information on finds, their location, and nature.
The entire amount of material related to archeology, presented in the studied collections of the ‘Eparchialnyie Vedomosti’, can be divided into 3 main groups: 1) authoritative orders on the protection of antiquities; 2) reports about church institutions (societies, commissions, museums); 3) analytical reviews on localities and settlements.
The first group of materials shows the process of involving the clergy in the process of discovering and preserving cultural and archeological sites. The participation of the clergy in the Archaeological Congresses in Kyiv and Odesa is also associated with this group.
A great number of publications of ‘Eparchialnyie Vedomosti’ are represented by materials on the activities of local church-archaeological societies – reports of the societies, event chronicles and details of some meetings, research materials, etc.
An important source of historical and local lore information about settlements and their outskirts is historical and statistical analytical reviews, which were regularly published in ‘Eparchialnyie Vedomosti’. One of the sections of such reviews was ‘Archaeological Sites’, where it was necessary to describe ramparts, settlements, burial mounds, caves, pile (lake) structures, dolmens, Stone Age sites (kjoekkenmoeddinger), etc. Many reviews contain interesting material for modern archeology not only in the context of the history of science but also in practical terms, pointing to the places of disappeared sites, found troves, and single finds.
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Bumbacher, Stephan Peter. "Gewalt und Religion. Eine religionswissenschaftliche Untersuchung zu den anthropologischen Ursachen und kulturellen Überformungen der Gewaltanwendung unter Menschen". Zeitschrift für Religions- und Geistesgeschichte 58, n.º 2 (2006): 155–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157007306776562044.
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AbstractIntra-species killing occurs in all known human societies as well as among chimpanzees as wars between different groups. This parallel may be the product of a common evolution as both species are the closest biological relatives. Unlike apes, however, human beings not only compete for territories but also for power in general, goods, etc. As the product of mankind's further evolution, religions legitimate this inter-group violence.
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Bashirov, Magomed Said-Emievich. "On the History and ethnogenesis of Salatavia and Western Dagestan (Prisulak) societies". Genesis: исторические исследования, n.º 4 (abril de 2021): 58–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2021.4.35573.
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This article examines the question of continuous presence of ethnic Chechens in the territory of historical region of Salatavia (the Republic of Dagestan), as well as substantial part of Western Dagestan (Prisulak regions), at the very least since the turn of the XIV – XV centuries and later. The author explores extensive material that is based on the documental, written and ethnographic sources of the XVIII – XXI centuries, as well as toponymy of the designated region – materials on the region of Salatavia, society Koisubu (Hindalal), Didoi (Tsezy), Andia, Gumbet, Ahvakh (Sada-Kilidu), Terek-Sulak interfluve (including Aukh and such centers as Endirey), coastal settlements of Sulak (Chir-Yurtsk), etc.. Based on the aforementioned sources, the author indicates the most considerable role and participation of Chechens in the ethnogenesis of population of these regions and settlements. The article traces the sequence of sources of the XIX – early XX centuries in reflection of ethnic affiliation of the local population and its closeness to the Chechens. Leaning on the data from various sources, the author reveals the Chechen origin of the first rulers of Salatavia from the privileged Sala-Uzdeni social class. The author determines the change in the ethnic balance of the region, which took place under the influence of various factors, including military and political. The conducted analysis is proven by extensive bibliographical sources that testify to the ethnic commonality of the region throughout the early and late medieval periods. The author notes the migration of ethnic Chechens from Dagestan to Chechnya, perhaps under the pressure of other ethnoses during the XIV – XVI centuries. This process comes to an end by the time of Shamil’s rule. The research presents a fundamentally new perspective upon the ethnogenesis of the societies under review.
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Svyrydenko, Denys, Weizhen Gao e Chengzhang Zou. "HIGHER EDUCATION AS A TOOL OF PEACEBUILDING AND DECOLONIZATION: UKRAINIAN CASE AND GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE". Educational Discourse: collection of scientific papers, n.º 14(6) (15 de julho de 2019): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33930/ed.2019.5007.14(6)-4.
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The conceptualization of the possibilities of Ukrainian higher education as an instrument of peace-building is proposed to be based on a multidimensional approach that has to combine the approaches of modern philosophy of education, educational policy, cultural studies, history, law and political science fruitfully. The experience of educational peace-building is an entire powerful area at modern war and peace studies, and the educational practices of peace-building offered by the other countries’ (Israeli, etc.) education system are valuable to a number of societies included in conflicts. As one of the mentioned educational practices of Israeli education, that could have been implemented in the Ukrainian conflict and, hopefully post-conflict reality (schools of peace, education camps for peace, etc.).
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Setiawan, I. Ketut. "Prasasti-Prasasti Pendek pada Arca dan Bangunan Keagamaan Masa Bali Kuno". Humanis 25, n.º 2 (26 de maio de 2021): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jh.2021.v25.i02.p11.
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The inscription is one of the very important sources for knowing events in the past. By reading the inscriptions, various aspects of human life can be revealed, such as political, economic, socio-cultural aspects, etc. The research objective was to determine the function and meaning of the inscriptions engraved on sacred statues and buildings. With the strutural functional theory approach and qualitative methods, the results show that language as one aspect of culture provided a lot of information about the dynamics of past societies. The existence of short inscription is very important for the search for the chronology and history of an artifact, in relation to the writing of local history which is still fragmented.
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Salami, Farouk, e Gbenemene Kpae. "EXAMINATION OF TRADITIONAL NIGERIAN CONFLICT RESOLUTION MECHANISM AND MODERN LEGAL SYSTEM OF CONFLICT RESOLUTION". Journal of Advance Research in Social Science and Humanities (ISSN:2208-2387) 9, n.º 8 (16 de agosto de 2023): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/nnssh.v9i8.1731.
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In the pre-colonial days, there were many principles guiding conflict resolution in the traditional Nigerian societies. Those who want their conflicts resolved must have confidence in the tribunal that would resolve the dispute. These include elders, chiefs, priests, priestesses, secret cult etc. The disputants must have confidence in them. They (disputants) must be ready to submit themselves to the constituted authorities, have faith in the traditional authorities and accept judgements. These conflicts could be interpersonal conflicts and inter- communal conflicts. These may range from person – person to person – community-to community. In Ebira Tao people of Kogi State, Nigeria, there are core Principles of Conflict resolution. This study uses interview method of data collection and reliable secondary data to study Nigerian traditional history. The purpose we relied on the Interview method is to allow the collection of data from traditional rulers, many who were alive during this Traditional Nigerian societies.
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Torrens, Hugh. "Lost & Found: 193. The Naturalist's Directory (1895-1907)". Geological Curator 4, n.º 9 (novembro de 1987): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.55468/gc872.
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Hugh Torrens (Lower Mill Cottage, Furnace Lane, Madeley, near Crewe CW3 9EU) writes: Information is sought concerning the availability of copies of a publication produced in at least ten editions between 1895 - 1907 entitled The Naturalist*s Directory *for the use of students of Natural History, and collectors of Zoological, Botanical, or Geological specimens, giving the names and addresses of British and Foreign Naturalists, Natural History Agents, Societies and Field Clubs, Museums, Magazines, etc. (7th edition. 1902-1903. L., Upcott Gill, London). Table 1 indicates the current whereabouts of editions as known to me; any further information about this useful book would be gratefully received.* Table 1 Year Edition Known whereabouts Remarks 1895 1st ?publ. by 1896 2nd 1897 3rd BL 1898 4th 1899 5th...
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Várallyay, G. " Role of soil multifunctionality in sustainable development". Soil and Water Research 5, No. 3 (16 de setembro de 2010): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/37/2009-swr.
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Each society wishes to create favourable living conditions for its members. Life quality criteria are formulated in different ways by various societies or individuals, depending on the given geographical and socio-economic conditions, living standards; national, ethnical, and religious traditions; history, policy; age, sex, educational level, position in the social hierarchy; etc. Sustainable development is a global objective that includes efficient multifunctional agriculture: using environment-friendly, energy- and material-saving technologies and paying special attention to quality; and a socially acceptable rural development, simultaneously. The given land resources have to be used and managed in harmony with the production and protection.
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Stavroulakis, Dimitrios, Roido Mitoula, Panagiotis Kaldis e Aristides Papagrigoriou. "Creativity and Cultural Capital in the Periphery Evidence from Two Greek Cities". International Journal of Sustainable Economies Management 2, n.º 2 (abril de 2013): 48–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsem.2013040104.
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A comparative study of two Greek cities, Chania and Kalamata, has been conducted regarding their creative potential. The cities are similar in many ways, i.e. regarding climate, goods produced, dependence on tourism etc, yet their cultural capital has been created through different patterns, and also identity formation of local societies has been built on different foundations. Cultural policies of the municipalities have also been oriented to different goals. Municipality of Kalamata has launched an all-encompassing cultural campaign, having dance as its spearhead. On the other hand, municipality of Chania, while offering an integrated cultural program in summer, it focuses more on letters and local history. Since promotion of arts has been hindered due to austerity measures, municipalities had to re-orient their strategy according to the new unfavorable developments. Despite their rich cultural capital, it is questionable whether these cities could be designated as “creative” according to Florida’s criteria, mainly because of the tight bonding ties of local societies.
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Noori, Mohammad Qasem. "The Study of the History and Development of Ancient Cities around the world". Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Studies 4, n.º 4 (17 de novembro de 2022): 197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jhsss.2022.4.4.24.
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Cities first appeared between 6000 and 5000 B.C., but they were mostly based on Neolithic agrarian society. Later, with the development of the plough, the wheel-cart, the boat, metallic utensils, etc., and the system of watering fields, the Nile, Tigris, Euphrates, and Indus valleys began the production of excess food grains. As a result, a social structure developed in which some social classes, including societies of traders, artisans, and religious leaders, could seize some of the crops that the peasants produced. These groups relocated to urban areas to engage in non-agricultural occupations. Thus, a culture of certain groups with the ability for writing and accounting, as well as knowledge of the solar calendar and bureaucracy, arose in the river basins. There is evidence that the town cult first appeared around 3000 B.C. After this, the ancient urban process stopped for almost 2000 years. Ancient towns experienced eclipses.
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Schneer, Cecil. "The Geologists At Prague: August 1968. History of the International Union of Geological Sciences". Earth Sciences History 14, n.º 2 (1 de janeiro de 1995): 172–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.14.2.4206571252431810.
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In August, 1968 nearly 3000 geologists from 91 countries gathered in Prague for the XXIIIrd International Geological Congress. Geology was in a state of major transformation and the Congress was the opportunity for the nascent International Union of Geological Sciences to involve the world geological community. But a brutal invasion of Czechoslovakia by its Communist allies frustrated all plans. Over 500 papers, more than 50 field trips, dozens of colloquia, meetings of affiliated societies etc. were canceled. Thousands of geologists who might have disseminated a uniquely global science to the classrooms and boardrooms of 91 countries's, were scattered by the winds of war. In rump sessions within the dying Congress and immediately after, a handful of West bloc geologists, committed agents of the new developments, struggled to pick up the pieces. The IUGS had to wait four years for another plenary session with the world geological community.
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Ulyanova, S. B., e I. V. Sidorchuk. "From Football to Parachuting: Physical Education and Sports at the “Krasny Putilovets” Plant in the 1920s — Early 1930s". Modern History of Russia 13, n.º 2 (2023): 455–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu24.2023.213.
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This study is devoted to the under researched issue of development of physical education and sports at the grassroots level. The task was to identify the mechanism of recruiting participants to sports teams and societies; to consider the process of introduction to sports at the micro-level of the enterprise; to study the role of physical culture in labor processes. The cornerstone of the Soviet mass society were collectives formed at factories, and therefore one of the largest factories in Petrograd/Leningrad — “Krasnyi Putilovets”, which had not only rich labor and revolutionary history, but also sports history, was chosen as an example. The research source base included archival materials; reviews and results of the survey of the physical education club at the plant; reviews of the activity of the sports club; discussions of the development of physical culture and sports, etc. As far as research methods are concerned, the authors turned to everyday history and its components — the history of sports and the history of leisure, as well as to microhistory. The results of the study demonstrate that it was the factory sport circles that led to professional sports and that during the period under review, effective mechanisms were developed to attract workers of different genders and ages to active physical education and sports. At the same time, the actors involved in the organization and implementation of this work pursued different goals — the unity of the labor collective, the distraction of young people from deviant leisure practices, the proletarization of sports, its use for educational and propaganda work, etc.
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Androsova, Tuiaara A. "Scientific Libraries of Yakutia in the Pre-Revolutionary Period (1853—1917)". Bibliotekovedenie [Russian Journal of Library Science] 70, n.º 3 (21 de julho de 2021): 299–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2021-70-3-299-308.
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The article considers the history of foundation and development of scientific libraries in Yakutia. In many ways, the opening of libraries was caused by the scientific interest in Siberia, the emergence of scientific and cultural-educational societies. Libraries strengthened the status of the societies and provided information support for their activities. The first scientific libraries were opened at the Yakut Regional Statistical Committee (1853), the Yakut Regional Museum (1891), the Yakut Department of the Agricultural Society (1899) and the Yakut Branch of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society (1913).The article notes the contribution of the State Public Scientific and Technical Library of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the National Library of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) to the study of history of libraries and librarianship in Siberia, including Yakutia. Particularly, the author describes the influence of political exiles on the formation of libraries and the development of culture in the region. The author focuses on the activities of the Yakut Regional Statistical Committee, which established one of the first special libraries, which later became the main one for scientific libraries. The article considers its activities as an integral part of scientific research in the Eastern Siberia, since the Committee not only collected statistical data on the region, but also supported research institutions, took part in organizing expeditions to study the region, etc. The author describes the role of the Secretary of the Committee, S.F. Saulsky, in the ordering and systematization of the library’s collection, as well as the role of A.I. Popov, state councillor, full member of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society, in the organization of the Yakut Regional Museum. The article reveals the activities of the museum library on selection of books and periodicals of scientific societies, Sibirika, local history literature and manuals for the identification of collections and their systematization. The library kept valuable materials: manuscripts, archival files, geographical maps, route maps, plans of cities, villages, dwellings of foreigners, etc. Academic expeditions of the 18th — first half of the 19th century made an invaluable contribution to the study of Siberia; and the Academy of Sciences gradually transferred the functions of specialized stationary scientific body to the Imperial Russian Geographical Society. The author attempts to trace the origins of the library at the Yakut Branch of the Russian Geographical Society. Attention is paid to the activities of the governor of affairs N.N. Gribanovsky, who identified one of the main directions of the library activity — creation of local history reference and bibliographic apparatus that reflects the literature about Yakutia.The article notes the general trends of scientific libraries: insufficient financing; acquisitions mostly consisted of donations and book exchange; involvement of political exiles in the work; limited access of readers (only for the staff or members of societies). The author reveals the fate of the first scientific libraries, whose collections were distributed among the libraries of Yakutsk and partially preserved in the historically formed library holdings.
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Umitkaliev, Ulan, Lyudmila Lbova, Kuanysh Iskakov, Asset Zhanissov, Perdekhan Mussyrmankul e Daniyar Tleugabulov. "Legends about Fiery Horses: Succession of Funerary and Memorial Traditions in the Eurasian’s Nomadic Peoples Cultures". Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology, n.º 4 (agosto de 2022): 333–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.55086/sp221333347.
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The article proposes a cross-cultural analysis of the concept of continuity of burial traditions in the cultures of the protoTurkic and Turkic peoples of northern Eurasia, based on archaeological and folklore sources and ethnographic data of the Kazakh and Yakut ethnicities. Researchers use materials from archaeological studies of known and new sites of the Early Iron Age and Turkic time in Kazakhstan (Berel, Kyrykungir, etc.). The study of the topic requires the use of methodological approaches and developments of cultural and social anthropology, structural and semiotic analysis, deciphering the general appearance of similar cases in the spiritual culture of asynchronical, but mono-ethnic societies for the reconstruction of worldview ideas. When characterizing burial sites, the authors use traditional methods of archaeological description, chronological determination, stratigraphy, typological analysis, etc. New data have been obtained on the connections of elements of the worldview of tribes from the early Iron Age — the Middle Ages, enshrined in the burial rite of the Saka and Turkic population of the Eurasian steppes and materials of modern folklore of Turkic peoples (Kazakhs and Sakha Yakuts).
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Barkhordari, Aref. "Systematization and the Model of Political Management in Contemporary Iranian Thinker’s Idea". Journal of Social Science Studies 7, n.º 2 (30 de maio de 2020): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jsss.v7i2.16937.
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The present article, with its analytical-descriptive method, will consideration the thought of the most prominent systematization thinkers of Iran in the contemporary era. Examining the opinions of some thinkers throughout history, it will be shown that some of them have always sought political systematization and a model of political management for the societies. Their goal and aspiration from the past to the present was achieve the societies and human beings to the happiness. The efforts of thinkers such as Plato, Aristotle, Farabi, Khajeh Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, Moore, Will Durant, Kant, Hegel, Marx, Popper, Russell, etc., indicate this situation. Among Iranian thinkers of the contemporary era also many efforts were made to achive the political systematization and the model of political management. Akhundzadeh, Malek Khan, Talibuv Tabrizi, Ayatollah Mirza Naeini, Ahmad Kasravi, Mohammad Ali Foroughi and Ayatollah Khomeini are among the thinkers who have theorized in this field and each of them has provided a model of political management for Iranian society. In the following, their thoughts will be investigated.
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Palonen, Kari. "Voting and Liberty". Contributions to the History of Concepts 3, n.º 1 (1 de abril de 2007): 23–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/180793207x209066.
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In this paper, the author takes up the opposition between liberty and dependence proposed by Quentin Skinner and applies it to the analysis of the debates involving voting rights and regulations. The goal here is to examine the rhetoric supporting different positions in favor and against the extension of suffrage, the exclusion of certain groups, etc. The author points out that dependence can be detected even in democratic societies that lack traditional hierarchies. A similar effort is made to think how commitment, deliberation, and contestation can take place in the context of today's representative democracy in ways that enhance freedom instead of endangering it.
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Moisan, Sabrina, Sivane Hirsch e Geneviève Audet. "Holocaust Education in Quebec: Teachers’ Positioning and Practices". Articles / Les articles 50, n.º 2-3 (19 de maio de 2016): 247–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1036432ar.
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Teaching about the Holocaust is mandatory in many societies. This prescription is justified by authorities with many reasons: educating pupils for a better understanding of human rights, peace, war, genocide, critical thinking, historical thinking, racism, etc. The Holocaust can carry a very strong moral and emotional charge. But why do teachers choose to teach about it when it is not compulsory? And how do they do this? Which resources do they use? What content is their teaching based on? This case study focuses on three high school history teachers in Quebec and explores their educational objectives in teaching the Holocaust and related pedagogical practices, including a field trip to the Montreal Holocaust Memorial Centre.
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Teng, Emma. "Hong Kong's Eurasian “Web” Viewed through the Lens of Inter-Asian Studies: Comments on Engseng Ho's “Inter-Asian Concepts for Mobile Societies”". Journal of Asian Studies 76, n.º 4 (24 de outubro de 2017): 943–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911817000948.
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Engseng Ho proposes that “the study of Asia, thought of as an Inter-Asian space, and smaller than the whole globe, can provide tractable concepts for a new round of research to shed light on the social shapes of societies that are mobile, spatially expansive, and interactive with one other.” Moving us away from more static models of China studies, Japan studies, etc., the concept of “inter-Asian”—where I take the “inter” to stand for inter-national, inter-regional, inter-faith, inter-racial, and inter-ethnic—offers a productive framework for examining histories that have been previously marginalized in dominant historical narratives: for example, the history of colonial Hong Kong's Eurasian community. In such a case, where the scope of inquiry is neither fully global in scale nor strictly local, the inter-Asian framework provides a middle ground and intermediate scale that brings this history into focus.
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Bralić, Željko, e Ljubinka Katić. "Iz istorije obrazovanja odraslih u Bosni i Hercegovini i najznačajnije ustanove i delatnosti (1918-1941)". Obrazovanje odraslih/Adult Education, n.º 2 2018 (2019): 75–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.53617/issn2744-2047.2018.18.2.75.
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The work contents a presentation of the main outcomes of an extensive historical-andragogical research, mainly based on the archival documents kept in Archives of Yugoslavia. An overview of adult education practice in Bosnia and Herzegovina is shaped from the documents data concerning the most signifcant institutions and activities organized as an attempt to contribute to general educational goals in Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes – Yugoslavia between two wars, through andragogical educational activities: raising the general level of literacy and education of wide sections of the population. Institutional basis of adult education praxis at the time mostly rested upon literacy courses, people’s universities, cultural-educational societies, etc. This paper especially distinguishes andragogical activity of momentous and respectable Sarajevo-based cultural-educational establishments (People’s university, Gajret, Prosveta, Napredak), that were amongst the most signifcant and successful in Yugoslavia, and represented example of model work in adult education of the interwar period.
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A, Andhuvan. "Dravidian Ideology in Sangam Literature". International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-5 (25 de agosto de 2022): 152–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s523.
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Tamil is the oldest. The Sangam literature provides a grammatical framework for recording the living traditions and sentiments of the people who spoke the ancient language as literature. This is not only an ancient book but also a mirror that depicts the life of the ancient Tamil people. Religion and God did not come and sit among the Tamil people during the Sangam period. It was during the Middle Ages that these entered. However, they did not determine the lives of the Tamil people. In the course of history, we can feel that these have entered not only Tamil society but all societies with the appearance of classes in history. Sangam literature is the golden literature of the life of a Tamilian. It is the duty of all of us to pass on to the next generation the treasure trove of literature, the treasure of culture, and the mine of history, which lies in the old Tamil manuscripts. The Sangam literature spelled out the concepts of education, self-respect, denial of caste, communism, etc.
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Li, Yali, Gideon Shelach-Lavi e Ronnie Ellenblum. "Short-Term Climatic Catastrophes and the Collapse of the Liao Dynasty (907–1125): Textual Evidence". Journal of Interdisciplinary History 49, n.º 4 (março de 2019): 591–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh_a_01339.
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Short-term disasters such as clusters of droughts or cold spells, lasting for just a decade or two, can induce food shortages, famines, and violence and create waves of refugees. Climatically enforced migrations can affect complex societies and, in extreme cases, even topple established bureaucracies. But the measurement of indirect signals (proxies), which is limited by the multidecadal range of radiometric dating or by the poor distribution of the better-dated signals (such as series of tree-rings, lacustrine varves, ice-cores, etc.), is often insufficient to determine the extent to which such natural disasters were the causes of particular human events in history. The introduction of historical evidence, however, can change the resolution of such indirect reconstructions and enable a more balanced and comprehensive assessment. Such an approach indicates that intense cold and other short-term climatic changes were largely responsible for the collapse of the Liao dynasty in Mongolia and northern China.
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Moore, R. I. "A history of Islamic societies. By Ira M. Lapidus. pp. xxxi, 1002, 29 illus., 37 maps. Cambridge etc., Cambridge University Press, 1988. £35.00." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland 122, n.º 1 (janeiro de 1990): 145–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0035869x00107968.
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Ladynin, Ivan. "“Slavery 1.0”: the Concept of the Ancient Oriental Slave-Owning Societies in the Works by Vassiliy Struve of 1933—1934 and Its Perspective". ISTORIYA 14, n.º 2 (124) (2023): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840024494-2.
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The article presents a detailed analysis of arguments forwarded by a leading Soviet Orientalist Vassiliy Struwe (1889—1965) for his thesis about the existence of the slave-owning mode of production at the Ancient Orient. This thesis was formulated in his lecture at the State Academy for the History of Material Culture (GAIMK) on 4 June 1933 and in a number of publications of 1934. Backing this thesis with the Ancient Near Eastern evidence and building around it a rather vast scheme positioned as an alternative to the cyclist theory of Eduard Meyer was a realization of tasks put before Struwe at his job at GAIMK, as can be seen from the preserved plan of his work there for the year 1933. According to Struwe’s scheme, the evolution of slavery in the earliest irrigation societies of Egypt and Mesopotamia started with the collective property of rural communities on slaves employed in the build-up of the irrigation systems (canals, dams etc.). There eventually developed the individual property on slaves and the vast slave-owning latifundia, which have already existed in Mesopotamia under Ur-III and in the New Kingdom Egypt. In the 1st Millennium B. C. the development of slavery in Mesopotamia and Egypt was comparable with that in the societies of Classical Antiquity. Struwe pointed out a number of slaves’ uprisings at the Ancient Near East starting from the 2nd Millennium B. C. and explained the downfall of ancient societies at the East with the “slave revolution”, like at the West. Struwe’s scheme revealed an emphasis on a rather high development of slavery at the Ancient Orient and parallels between its social phenomena and those of Ancient Greece and Rome. However, this emphasis vanished from his later texts, probably, due to a demand to show the Ancient Oriental societies as a phase preceding the Classical Antiquity, in compliance with the general trend of the world historiography.
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Snahoshchenko, V. V. "A.V. Dukhnovych and His Cultural and Educational Activities". Rusin, n.º 65 (2021): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18572685/65/3.
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The author analyzes the multifaceted research, theoretical, and practical activities of A.V. Dukhnovych (1803–1865) – a talented poet, prose writer, publicist, historian, ethnographer, playwright, teacher, publisher, a well-known “Buditel’” (i.e. awakener) of the Carpathian people. The author studies and describes Dukhnovych’s creative heritage to define the main directions of his cultural and educational activities in the fields of philosophy, history, geography, pedagogy, socio-culture, linguistics, theology, ethnography, agriculture, phytotherapy, etc. Dukhnovich was a convinced traditional educator, who sincerely believed that education can significantly alleviate the plight of the masses. He founded educational societies, organized more than 70 elementary schools, published textbooks, almanacs, calendars. He supported several gymnasiums in Subcarpathian Rus, where teaching was conducted in Russian. Dukhnovich established a scholarship fund for poor pupils and students, organized free cafeterias, etc. The analysis of his epistolary, autobiographical materials, and works of fiction provide an insight into the socio-political and cultural life of the Rusins in the middle of the 19th century. Dukhnovich’s creative heritage includes the first “Primer” for public schools (“Reading Book for Beginners” (1847)); the first textbooks on geography (“A Short Landpiece for Young Rusins” (1851)); history (“General History for Young Rusins” (1851), “The True History of the Carpathossians, or Hungarian Rusins” (1853)); the ethnographic work “On the Peoples of the Extreme or Ugric Carpathians, living near the Beskid in the Zemplínska, Uzhhorod and Sharisha capitals” (1848); “Abridged Grammar of the Written Russian language” (1853); “Folk Pedagogy for the Benefit of Rural Teachers” (1857), which was the first textbook on pedagogy in Western Ukraine published in Lvov; “Menology” (1850, 1851, 1854, 1857), other teaching manuals, articles, poetic works, dumas, and plays. His poem “Vruchanie” became the national anthem of Ugrian Rus. As a democratic educator, he convinced many that the active national and cultural life of the Rusins fully depends on the dissimination of education among the people to bring up the younger generation in the vein of virtue and national dignity. By his personal example, Dukhnovich lead people to spiritual dimensions and influences the worldview and patriotism of the intelligentsia in Subcarpathian Rus. He made a significant contribution to the education of the people, laid the foundations for many cultural and educational societies in Subcarpathian Rus in the 19th century and later – not only in his native land, but also far beyond its borders.
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Donskoi, Vladimir. "Systemic theory of language competition". Journal of Language and Politics 5, n.º 2 (15 de setembro de 2006): 277–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jlp.5.2.09don.
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After Robert Phillipson argued in Linguistic Imperialism (1992) that the present spread of English throughout post-colonial societies is a specific form of Western imperialism, a vigorous academic debate ensued. It revolved around several interrelated questions: How do different languages interact in the global arena?; Is such language competition a manifestation of imperialism or of globalisation?; What are the social implications of language growth and of language decline/death?; etc. The present article is a critique of the debate and an attempt to develop a positivist, systemic, macro-level theory of language competition, which would offer a general framework for dealing with the issues in question.
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Prokhorenko, I. L. "The “memory wars” in divided societies: the case of Spain". Cuadernos Iberoamericanos 9, n.º 3 (3 de abril de 2022): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2409-3416-2021-9-3-67-78.
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The author, using the identity approach and discourse analysis explores a serious political conflict in today’s Spain about historical memory, threatening solidarity and civilian identity of the Spaniards and also political stability in the society, divided on a variety of characteristics – economic, social, territorial, cultural, value, ethnic, linguistic, etc., which have acquired or are acquiring a political dimension. The alternative politics of memory, which are declared and carried out by different competing actors of political process at the country level, first of all being government and opposition parties, are analyzed in the article. The expression of authorities’ discourse of the present left coalition government on the issues of Spanish past in the country’s mediasphere is considered to understand the extent and depth of public and political debate on key problems of Spanish history and memory. The author uses a historical metaphor of conflict of the “two Spains” to assess “memory wars” in Spanish society, multicultural and divided on various grounds, identifying short-term (with a view of forthcoming general parliamentary elections, which will take place in 2022) and long-term strategic risks for inclusive nation-building and sustainable development of the country. A conclusion is made that a division based on party ideological principles is axial (dominant) in “memory wars”, despite the remaining sharpness of the vertical conflict between center and some particularist regions (primarily Catalonia); within the frame of this conflict there are attempts to reassess, anonymize, and get a hold of or mythologize various historic events and personas. Nowadays the dispute between “rightists” and “leftists” in assessment of Second Spanish Republic, number of victims on both sides during the civil war, Francoist regime, success of democratic transition in post-Francoist period and other “difficult” questions across Spanish past becomes more emotionally charged, deep and aggressive.
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Epstein, Terrie. "The relationship between narrative construction and identity in History Education: implications for teaching and learning". Educar em Revista, n.º 60 (junho de 2016): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-4060.46024.
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Abstract The purpose of the research is less about producing little historians and more about taking into account students' cultures or identities in the teaching and learning of historical narratives. In my work, I have examined the national historical narratives that children and adolescents in the United States have constructed in order to assess the effects of young people's racial/ethnic identities on their understandings of the past. I have found that young people's racial identities had a significant impact on their interpretations of the U. S. history and that their teachers' instruction had some but not much impact on their views. Researchers within and beyond the U. S. have found similar results, attesting to the significance of "identity" (a person's sense of self and the communities s/he affiliates with, including nationality, gender, ethnicity, religious orientation, etc.) in the construction and/or critique of historical narratives. In the following pages, I review and synthesize the studies that I and others have conducted on the effects of identity on history teaching and learning, and conclude with a discussion of the implications for teaching and learning history in diverse democratic societies.
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Tumanova, Anastasiya S., e Alexander A. Safonov. "CHARTERS OF VOLUNTARY ASSOCIATIONS IN PREREVOLUTIONARY RUSSIA". RUDN Journal of Law 24, n.º 1 (15 de dezembro de 2020): 113–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2337-2020-24-1-113-136.
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The article deals with the history of doctrinal formation of the content of the charter of voluntary association of Late Imperial Russia, as well as the role of the charter in regulating the phenomenon of social self-organization. This problem is practically don't studied in the scientific literature. It is based on the involvement of a broad corpus of published sources (constituent documents of public organizations, materials of clerical work of public institutions, etc.) and archives (documents of the RGIA). The legal policy of the Russian government aimed at establishing uniformity in the content of constituent documents of voluntary societies and the principles of their relationship with the state according to the creation, re-registration, termination of societies is analyzed. This national framework is assessed from the standpoint of the content of corporate regulation in Late Imperial Russia, the degree of intervention of the state in this process. Russian and European sources for the formation of corporate legislation on voluntary associations are considered. The analysis of constituent documents of various groups of organizations in prerevolutionary Russia takes a significant place. They are studied according to the content, structure, general and special features, field of activity. The authors investigate how independent creativity of the founders was expressed when drawing up the charters of organizations that do not fully comply with typical constituent documents, find out its meaning and boundaries. The authors come to the conclusion that the charters gave Russian associations substantial autonomy in the inner life (defining goals and objectives, methods of capital formation, requirements for categories of members, etc.), but rather strictly prescribed the “external” context of their functioning, coupled with the interaction with state authorities.
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Wei, Junjie, e Dun Han. "Hidden order behind the cooperation". Europhysics Letters 136, n.º 6 (1 de dezembro de 2021): 68001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/ac369d.
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Abstract Cooperation is ubiquitous in human as well as animals societies, however, the study of the driving forces behind cooperation is still an open question. Thus, exploring the hidden order related to cooperation has become a hot issue recently. Fortunately, evolutionary game theory and network science provide some new research perspectives for the cooperative behavior. In this letter, we focus on the present study of cooperation mechanism, and further put forward some feasible research prospects from the perspective of evolutionary game by arranging and researching the thread of history. Specifically, we first summarize the cooperation research status from the aspects of network topology and individuals' strategy updating rules etc., and we then discuss the hidden order behind the emergence and maintenance of cooperation, the development trends are presented in the last.
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SR, Kavya. "HISTORICAL WRITE-UP OF VRANA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SAMHITAS AND PURANAS: A REVIEW". International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy 15, n.º 2 (30 de abril de 2024): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2277-4343.15254.
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The history of medicine includes studies exploring and understanding medical practices, both in past and present, throughout human societies. A period which lacked written sources regarding medicine related information is instead drawn from archaeological sources. This field tracks the evolution of human societies' approach to health, illness, and injury ranging from prehistory to the modern day, the events that shape these approaches, and their impact on populations. Public health measures were developed especially in the 19th century as the rapid growth of cities required systematic sanitary measures. Human societies living in those eras were susceptible to various diseases, wounds and that was the time when they sought help from the surroundings in form of natural resources to heal themselves. When we consider the great wars of ancient times like Kurukshetra in dwapara yuga and war between Rama and Ravana in treta yuga, people got injured and developed wounds from the weapons chariots etc and they sought treatment from sages who were like healers, used the natural sources in the form of treatment. The science of healing has always been a matter of serious concern to ancient surgeons. This fact can be very well understood when going through Sushruta Samhita where a good number of chapters dealing with vrana and its management is found. The mankind was susceptible to injury during the ancient times too, by this we can understand the knowledge of vrana and its treatment principles even in those eras. Hence this study will review the aspect of vrana based on different samhita’s and puranas.
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Hindowa Batilo Momoh. "Exploring the centrality of women in indigenous peacemaking among the Mende of Sierra Leone". GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 15, n.º 1 (30 de abril de 2023): 124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2023.15.1.0117.
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This paper examines, among others, the central role women play in traditional peacemaking and conflict management among the Mende of Sierra Leone. The study argues that Mende women have a historically proven record, an enduring courage and a demonstrated pedigree to intercede to end hostility and restore normalcy to communities embroiled in disputes/conflicts. It further explores the key role these women play in simmering down highly volatile situations and preventing conflicts from occurring. While the study concedes that male chauvinism and some core cultural traditions continue to disempower women and relegate them to playing a subordinate role in some traditional societies, there is also evidence that women play a central role in influencing decisions that help build the culture of community and the architecture of peace. Women continue to hold strategic decision-making positions (as Mammy Queens, Soweis, Chiefs, heads of women groups etc.) that animate social reordering, political transformation and peacemaking in local communities. The paper concludes that women, by their nature as mothers, educators, counsellors, mentors, leaders etc., have the history of reconciling conflicting parties and in helping bring about amiability to communities encumbered by conflicts.
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Gonçalves, Guilherme Leite, e Sérgio Costa. "From primitive accumulation to entangled accumulation: Decentring Marxist Theory of capitalist expansion". European Journal of Social Theory 23, n.º 2 (27 de janeiro de 2019): 146–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368431018825064.
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During the last few decades, the concept of primitive accumulation ( ursprüngliche Akkumulation) introduced by Karl Marx and expanded by Rosa Luxemburg has been revived and improved. Accordingly, scholars have used this framework not to characterize a past moment in the history of capitalism, but to grasp the continuous process of coupling and uncoupling geographical and social spheres in the capital accumulation in different fields: financialization, the care economy, green grabbing, the sharing economy, real estate bubbles, data mining, etc. Despite the quality and productivity of these debates, they are still focused on authors and phenomena observed in the Global North, ignoring a long tradition of similar discussions developed especially in Latin America. The article seeks to decentre these debates by taking seriously into account approaches which address primitive accumulation from the perspective of (post)colonial and (post)slave societies. It coins the concept entangled accumulation to emphasize the interdependencies between practices of exploitation and expropriation, wage and slave labour, state power and illegal violence, and capitalist and non-capitalist economies, which have shaped capital accumulation throughout history.
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Göde, Gülşen, Sema Kayaardı, Müge Uyarcan e Ceyda Söbeli. "Turkish food culture and nutrition habits in the development of history". Food and Health 7, n.º 3 (2021): 216–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3153/fh21023.
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Since the existence of mankind, nutrition is one of the necessities to maintain their vital activities. Nutritional habit, a physiological movement, has progressed in parallel with the development of living conditions of mankind. This instinctive behaviour has started with gathering in the nature originally. People have found edible foods by distinguishing the harmful plants in the nature. Mankind, who had learned cooking with the invention of fire, has discovered foodstuffs that can be obtained from animals in time. Due to this discovery, they had an opportunity to try different flavours and supply a greater variety of needed macro components of their body such as proteins, vitamins and essential oils etc. This nutrition diversity has brought with the taste phenomenon. The major reasons of consumed food variety are the climate of the region they live in, the condition of nature and the kinds of vegetables, fruits, grains that grow in these regions. Furthermore, it is inevitable that the diversity of animals living in the region causes food diversity. This situation, which is the result of ecological balance, has been one of the main causes of cultural differences between societies over time. The culinary culture has been seperated by geographical regions over time and a sub-culture called "regional dishes" has formed. Until today, mankind have developed new tastes by experimenting with many food preparation and cooking techniques. In this study, the development of Turkish food culture and nutrition habits throughout the history have been reviewed.
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Kuçi, Hajredin. "International Legal Cooperation between Kosovo and Other States and Organizations". Review of Central and East European Law 43, n.º 3 (13 de agosto de 2018): 314–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15730352-04303004.
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Building a rule-of-law-based democracy is a challenge for post-communist and post-war societies. Rule of law is a priority for these societies and also one of the membership criteria required by international organizations, in particular the European Union. As such, an aspiring country like Kosovo has to face the challenge of building a legal system that is compatible with that of the European Union member states while also developing its legal cooperation with other countries. Through international legal cooperation, countries strengthen the fight against criminal actions that are punishable in all modern states and also exchange experience in combating cross-border crime, trafficking, corruption, terrorism, and other violations of criminal law. In this regard, Kosovo faces many challenges in the field of international legal cooperation, not only with regard to those missions operating in Kosovo itself (such as EULEX, UNMIK, etc.), but also with other international organizations, especially due to Kosovo’s lack of membership in them. Another challenge is cooperation with countries that have not yet recognized Kosovo as a state. This article emphasizes the efforts made by Kosovo’s institutions to engage in international legal cooperation as one of the prerequisites for building the rule of law at home. The main issues tackled in the article are how these problems are addressed in practice, which obstacles arise, what the ad hoc means are of engaging in international legal cooperation, and what the specificities and prospects are for Kosovo’s international legal cooperation. As such, the aim of the article is to examine some of the legal peculiarities and uncertainties that have been created over the years as the result of limitations on Kosovo’s international personality and to consider innovative means to ensure Kosovo’s legal cooperation with other countries.
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Norris, H. T. "Akbar S. Ahmed and David M. Hart (ed.): Islam in tribal societies: from the Atlas to the Indus. 343 pp. London, etc.: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1984. £7.95." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 48, n.º 2 (junho de 1985): 358–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00033565.
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Khurasani, Ekramuddin. "Nation Building Elements in Afghanistan". Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Studies 5, n.º 3 (11 de março de 2023): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jhsss.2023.5.3.7.
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A nation is a collection of people who have common culture, history and values so that these values can cause cohesion and solidarity among different groups in a country. Transitional factors such as culture and language, common race, common history, religion, etc., play a role in the formation of a nation. These factors are among the things that cause the formation of a nation. A nation-building is a sociological approach that is realized as a result of the fading of ethnic, racial, and gender distinctions. Today, nation-building is used as one of the important tools in different societies for the solidarity and integration of ethnic groups. Various factors play a role in the process of nation-building, and these factors have both strengthening and inhibiting roles. When national-civil nationalism is strengthened in the process of nation-building, the process of nation-building is realized, but with the strengthening of ethnic and religious nationalism, the process of nation-building faces a dead end. Countries that have been able to build a nation have been able to form a single nation by strengthening nationalism. But in countries where there is ethnic and religious nationalism, the process of nation-building faces many challenges. Therefore, the realization of the nation-building process in heterogeneous societies is one of the important tools for the cohesion and solidarity of different ethnic groups, and with the realization of this process, social distinctions disappear, and all citizens enjoy the same privileges and equal rights in a country. In this research, using the descriptive-analytical method, the tools and methods of nation-building in Afghanistan have been examined.
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bruegel, martin. "From the Crisis of Food to Food in Crisis". Gastronomica 11, n.º 3 (2011): 40–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2011.11.3.40.
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The fear of want is one of the great protagonists of human history. Grain riots are its most spectacular illustration. Indigence, however, always combines with a sense of deprivation before leading to upheavals. The relations between biological and cultural definitions of need form the subject matter of this article. It offers a reflection on the ways in which historians have construed the rapports between individual metabolism and collective representation. It argues that accounting for foodways requires their inscription in pertinent contexts before they are measured in calories and cents. Comprehension of the meaning of alimentary practices constitutes an indispensable step for assuring a chance of success to attempts at inflecting behavior—whether in consumer societies where profusion brings about a great many life-style related afflictions (obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, etc.) or developing countries where malnutrition continues to undermine health and hunger remains responsible for a majority of deaths.
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Dumitrasco, Marica. "Theoretical approaches to the impact of culture on the economy through the prism of the European course of the countries’ development". Studiul artelor şi culturologie: istorie, teorie, practică, n.º 1(44) (fevereiro de 2024): 94–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.55383/amtap.2023.1.16.
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This paper tries to synthesize the history of economic thinking regarding the correlation between culture and the economic development during the last centuries. The use of culture to explain the economic performance has not been popular among social science researchers in recent decades. Most economic models are based on the idea that people are essentially rational beings and make decisions in their own interest. What people choose to do depends on their beliefs. But culture can give rise to a set of rational beliefs. In economic history, some economists have questioned the classic concept of the „rational economic man” mentioning the increasing role of non-economic behavior in modern economies. These two positions can be reconciled if we reduce the social norms that govern entire societies based on the actions of individuals who look out for their own interests. Regardless of which models of economic thinking a historical retrospective is based on, an important conclusion is that throughout history, social and cultural factors have been among the important catalysts of the economic life. In the paper, it is argued that some factors such as European culture and European political traditions, etc., have an essential contribution to the economic success of those countries that follow them.
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БАШИРОВ, М. С. Э., e Э. Х. ХАСМАГОМАДОВ. "TOWARDS THE HISTORY AND POPULATION COMPOSITION OF THE HISTORICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS GUMBET, ANDI AND ALATAVIA". Известия СОИГСИ, n.º 39(78) (31 de março de 2021): 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.46698/vnc.2021.78.39.013.
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В публикуемой статье рассматривается вопрос взаимного проникновения и исторических контактов населения приграничных областей Чечни и Дагестана – Гумбета, Анди и Салатавии. В исследовании приводится ряд документальных, нарративных (рукописи) и этнографических источников, позволяющих более тщательно взглянуть на вопрос этногенеза обществ указанных историко-географических областей. Кроме того, выявляется закономерность, согласно которой в пространстве между реками Аргун и Кара-Койсу (приток Сулака) распространен целый ряд топонимов и общин, чьи названия обнаруживают основу гун / хун / хон, что, как это видно из источников, увязывается с кавказскими гуннами, или хонами. Также в контексте затронутой проблематики указывается на движение этнических масс с запада (Нашха, Шубут и т.д.) и юга (Ичкерия) в область Анди и далее – в Салатавию через область Гумбет. Проводится попытка определить время возникновения аула Анди, а также выявить общества и личности, принявшие участие в основании села и выступившие в качестве этнического субстрата, по крайней мере, северной группы андийских поселений и тохумов. Отмечается роль Унсура (Энсура), его братьев Баши и Араша, а также владетелей Ануша и Харчи-хана, принявших первого в андийской котловине после его исхода «из селения Шубут» вследствие произошедшего кровопролития. На основании разностороннего анализа, с привлечением архивных материалов авторами указывается на участие общин Дишний, Гуной, Вашандарой, Харачой, Беной, Зумсой и др. в качестве субстрата при формировании североандийских поселений, а также их частичной миграции в Салатавию. The published article examines the issue of mutual penetration and historical contacts of the population of the border regions of Chechnya and Dagestan - Gumbet, Andi and Salatavia. The study provides a number of documentary, narrative (manuscripts) and ethnographic sources that allow a more thorough look at the issue of the ethnogenesis of societies in these historical and geographical areas. In addition, a pattern is revealed according to which a number of toponyms and communities are widespread in the space between the Argun and Kara-Koisu rivers (a tributary of the Sulak), whose names reveal the basis of the Gun / Hun / Khon, which, as can be seen from the sources, is associated with the Caucasian Huns , or hons. Also, in the context of the problems touched upon, the movement of ethnic masses from the west (Nashkha, Shubut, etc.) and south (Ichkeria) to the Andi region and further to Salatavia through the Gumbet region is indicated. An attempt is made to determine the time of the emergence of the Andi aul, as well as to identify the societies and individuals who took part in the founding of the village and acted as an ethnic substratum, at least, of the northern group of Andean settlements and Tohums. The role of Unsur (Ensur), his brothers Bashi and Arash, as well as the rulers of Anush and Kharchi-khan, who took the first in the Andean basin after his exodus “from the village of Shubut” due to the bloodshed, is noted. Based on a multifaceted analysis, with the involvement of archival materials, the authors point out the participation of the communities of Dishny, Guna, Washandara, Kharacha, Benoy, Zumsoy, etc. as a substrate in the formation of North Indian settlements, as well as their partial migration to Salatavia.
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Listopad, Kirill A. "Problems of the Development of Local History Organizations in the USSR in the 1920s (on the example of the Kursk Society of Local Lore)". Humanitarian: actual problems of the humanities and education 21, n.º 3 (11 de outubro de 2021): 254–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2078-9823.055.021.202103.254-261.
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Introduction. The local history movement in the USSR began to form organizationally after the end of the Civil War, in the first half of the 1920s. The personnel basis of the Society was made up of local historians of pre-revolutionary Russia who did not emigrate, figures of the Soviet authorities of the province, scientists, specialists in the field of culture. The tasks of the new organization were defined very broadly: the study and popularization of the geographical and climatic, economic, cultural, historical potential of the province, the protection of natural monuments and resources, etc. The methods of work were defined as traditional (publication of scientific works, popular scientific brochures, magazines; holding public lectures, debates, excursions, competitions and exhibitions), and innovative (identification and legal registration of protected areas, organization of botanical gardens, opening of new museums, expositions, creation of biological, meteorological stations, etc. The Kursk Society of Local Lore has covered all layers of society with its work, getting used to the active activity of interested specialists, which was already shown by the first congress of the Union. Methods. The solution of the research problems was provided by a set of interconnected theoretical (analysis of scientific literature, comparative analysis, comparison, generalization, systematization) and empirical (study and generalization of sources, hermeneutic) methods. Results. For the transition to the planned work of disparate groups of enthusiasts-local historians, it was decided to create a public organization, which was legally formalized in 1923. The Charter of the Company determined the areas of work, membership parameters, the amount of contributions, etc. Immediately after the registration, the Society launched an active work, which will be forcibly discontinued by 1937. Conclusion. The selfless work of the members of the Society of Local Lore led to an increase in the interest of the population in the historical and cultural potential of the Kursk province, the emergence of various voluntary societies at schools, libraries, museums that conduct active propaganda work.
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Maksimovic, Jovan, e Marko Maksimovic. "Physicians in Srem in XVIII and XIX century: Distinguished botanists". Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke, n.º 131 (2016): 33–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmspn1631033m.
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It was necessary for the first physicians to have the knowledge of plants, because phytotherapy was an integral part of medicine from the very beginning. For this reason, botany was a significant part of the curriculum at medical faculties in the XVIII and XIX century. Some professors at these faculties were known in international scientific circles as prominent botanists (P?l Kitaibel, August Kanitz, Giovanni Scopoli, Carl von Linn?, etc.). After the liberation from the Turkish rule, flora was insufficiently explored in the territory of today?s Vojvodina, which made it an interesting area for botanical studies undertaken by science professors from the universities in Vienna, Pest, and Cluj. A significant contribution to their scientific work was given by researchers from Srem, who in addition to their medical and pharmaceutical work practiced also botany. Some of them had their results published in publications and some became members of the European scientific natural history societies (Andreas Budai, Georgius Streim, Bartholom?us Emmanuel Godra, Mathias Kirchbaum, and Andreas Wolny).
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Selmani, Bashkim, e Bekim Maksuti. "The Challenges in Dealing with Organized Crime and its Consequences in Modern Societies in Albania, Kosovo and Macedonia – the Balkan Peninsula". European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research 5, n.º 1 (30 de dezembro de 2015): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v5i1.p161-166.
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The profound changes within the Albanian society, including Albania, Kosovo and Macedonia, before and after they proclaimed independence (in exception of Albania), with the establishment of the parliamentary system resulted in mass spread social negative consequences such as crime, drugs, prostitution, child beggars on the street etc. As a result of these occurred circumstances emerged a substantial need for changes within the legal system in order to meet and achieve the European standards or behaviors and the need for adoption of many laws imported from abroad, but without actually reading the factual situation of the psycho-economic position of the citizens and the consequences of the peoples’ occupations without proper compensation, as a remedy for the victims of war or peace in these countries. The sad truth is that the perpetrators not only weren’t sanctioned, but these regions remained an untouched haven for further development of criminal activities, be it from the public state officials through property privatization or in the private field. The organized crime groups, almost in all cases, are perceived by the human mind as “Mafia” and it is a fact that this cannot be denied easily. The widely spread term “Mafia” is mostly known around the world to define criminal organizations.The Balkan Peninsula is highly involved in these illegal groups of organized crime whose practice of criminal activities is largely extended through the Balkan countries such as Kosovo, Albania, Macedonia, Serbia, Bosnia, Croatia, Montenegro, etc. Many factors contributed to these strategic countries to be part of these types of activities. In general, some of the countries have been affected more specifically, but in all of the abovementioned countries organized crime has affected all areas of life, leaving a black mark in the history of these states.
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Đerić-Dragičević, Borjanka. "Family history rewritten: How to narrate the life happening 'Tomorrow'". Reci Beograd 12, n.º 13 (2020): 116–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/reci2013116d.
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This paper is dedicated to exploring the narrative points and strategies in the novel Tomorrow, written by Graham Swift, a prominent English postmodern writer, with the main objective to draw attention to the nature of narration and narrators. The aim of the research is to give answers to the questions of choices made by the novelist when it comes to narrators, narration, narrative methods and techniques, and whether the narrators are (un)reliable, etc. The author of this paper tries to determine to which extent the 2nd person narration has become influential in postmodern literature - by being mysterious, ambiguous and unknown. We often do not know to whom a narrator is speaking, nor whose voice is being heard by readers. Contemporary narratological theories deny the existence of this clear, precise and uniformed narratological voice, whether it is an author, a narrator or a reader. These days, numerous avant-garde narratological strategies are being emphasized, most notably the "wandering" second person, used by the main character of the novel Tomorrow as well. The inseparable part of the research is also questioning the postmodern premises such as the final doubt considering the (re)presentation of a story, the truth and the past (both individual and collective) which influence the choices made while forming the narration in the novel. The narratological analysis has shown the nature of psychological, moral, as well as ethical competence of the narrator, Paula Hook - a successful woman of the 21st century - a professor, a mother, a wife, living an ideal life threatened by a profound family secret. She acts as a representative of the 21st century wandering narrator - she doubts, questions, rethinks - because the history, past and truth are being constantly questioned in contemporary societies and literature as well.