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Amerini, Fabrizio. "Utrum inhaerentia sit de essentia accidentis. Francis of Marchia and the Debate on the Nature of Accidents". Vivarium 44, n.º 1 (2006): 96–150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853406778169040.
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AbstractThis paper attempts to provide a general reconstruction of Francis of Marchia's doctrine of accidental being. The paper is divided into two parts. (1) In the first part, I begin by reconstructing the debate on the nature of accidents held before Marchia, showing that such a debate is characterised by a progressive shift concerning the way to understand accidents. While the first Aristotelian interpreters regard accidents especially as inhering modes of being of substances, the majority of theologians and philosophers in the second half of the thirteenth century regard accidents as absolute beings. For them, the problem is no longer to explain if and, if so, how accidents can be distinct from substances, but how accidents and substances can make some one thing. Metaphysically, their primary focus is on explaining what the ontological status of inherence is. Although it is especially the consideration of the Eucharistic case that induces this change, I point out that many philosophers and theologians find in Aristotle's texts the philosophical support for taking this step. (2) In the second part, I focus more closely on Marchia's doctrine, arguing that Marchia's position is a slightly revised version of Scotus's. Unlike Aquinas and Bonaventure, Marchia explains Aristotle's metaphysics of accidents by way of the metaphysics of the Eucharist and not vice versa. So, in order to explain the philosophical consistency of this miraculous case, Marchia maintains that one does not need to modify the notion of inherence by distinguishing actual from potential inherence and including the latter in the accident's essence; rather it is necessary to take the case of the Eucharist seriously and, on this basis, to remove inherence totally from an accident's essence. In conclusion, the Eucharist shows that accidents are absolute beings to which actual inherence pertains contingently, potential inherence necessarily. But like Scotus's, Marchia's doctrine faces some difficulties that remain unresolved.
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Ulfah, Nur, Endo Dardjito, Siti Harwanti e Damairia Hayu Parmasari. "Work Accident at Sugar Farmers in Banyumas Regency". Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat 18, n.º 3 (20 de fevereiro de 2023): 349–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/kemas.v18i3.35487.
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A work accident is an accidental event in the employment relationship, including diseases of the working relationship, the accident that happened on the way go to work, and coming home in the usual way. Work accidents can be experienced by sugar farmers. In Banyumas Regency, there are about 26.580 Sugar farmers. Based on Kesra Setda Banyumas Regency, from 2017 to November 2019 there were 323 cases of sugar farmers accidents, with 236 disabilities and 87 deaths. The purpose is to analyze the risk factors of work accidents consisting of behavioral and environmental factors. The method is an analytical survey with a cross-sectional approach. The sample was 200 people in Cilongok Districts. Data analysis includes univariate, bivariate, and multivariate. The results show that behavioral factors significantly associated with work accidents are breakfast status (p = 0,010) and unhealthy conditions (p = 0,002). Environmental factors significant to work accidents are past medical history (p = 0.000) and protein adequacy (p = 0,000). Recommendations for this research are socialization about the importance of breakfast and paying attention to the body condition before climbing, also training energy consumption diet of protein corresponding to the workload.
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Yunus, Riyanto. "Traffic Accident Analysis Model In Traffic Accidents That Have No Witness". Estudiante Law Journal 4, n.º 2 (16 de fevereiro de 2022): 208–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33756/eslaj.v4i2.16211.
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The problem of traffic accidents in the absence of witnesses is very crucial because in traffic accidents, in principle, the presence of witnesses is very important in determining the suspect and victim. Therefore, it is important to reconstruct traffic accident analysis (TAA) in every traffic accident. This is the concern of the compilers to examine how the concept of implementing Traffic Accident Analysis in traffic accidents, as well as to examine the Traffic Accident Analysis proof model in traffic accidents that do not have witnesses. The type of research in writing this proposal is normative research, which includes research on legal systematics, research on the level of legal synchronization, research on legal history, and research on comparative law. The results show that the concept of applying Traffic Accident Analysis in traffic accidents uses two main methods, namely: clinical and statistical approaches. The application of Traffic Accident Analysis is very important to do and becomes an alternative when there is no witness in a traffic accident. This is necessary to assist investigators in reconstructing accidents and determining suspects and victims
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Vuorio, Alpo, Robert Bor, Antti Sajantila, Anna-Stina Suhonen-Malm e Bruce Budowle. "Commercial Aircraft-Assisted Suicide Accident Investigations Re-Visited—Agreeing to Disagree?" Safety 9, n.º 1 (12 de março de 2023): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/safety9010017.
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Background: The number of aircraft-assisted suicides can only be considered a rough estimate because it is difficult and, at times, impossible to identify all cases of suicide. Methods: Four recent reports of accidents occurring in 1997 in Indonesia, 1999 in Massachusetts in the United States, 2013 in Namibia, and 2015 in France related to commercial aircraft-assisted suicides were analyzed. This analysis relied on data extracted from the accident reports that supported aircraft-assisted suicide from the: (a) cockpit voice recorder (CVR) and flight data recorder (FDR), (b) medical history, (c) psychosocial history, (d) toxicology, (e) autopsy, and (f) any methodology that utilized aviation medicine. There are some limitations in this study. Although all analyzed accident investigations followed ICAO Annex 13 guidelines, there is variability in their accident investigations and reporting. In addition, accident investigation reports represent accidents from 1997 to 2015, and during this time, there has been a change in the way accidents are reported. The nature of this analysis is explorative. The aim was to identify how the various aircraft accident investigators concluded that the accidents were due to suicidal acts. Results: In all four accident reports, FDR data were available. CVR data were also available, except for one accident where CVR data were only partially available. Comprehensive medical and psychosocial histories were available in only one of four of the accident reports. Conclusion: To prevent accidents involving commercial aircraft, it is necessary to identify the causes of these accidents to be able to provide meaningful safety recommendations. A detailed psychological autopsy of pilots can and likely will assist in investigations, as well as generate recommendations that will substantially contribute to mitigating accidents due to pilot suicide. Airborne image recording may be a useful tool to provide additional information about events leading up to a crash and thus assist in accident investigations.
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Rahmawaty, Tiara Ayu, Willy Kriswardhana, Wiwik Yunarni Widiarti e Sonya Sulistyono. "Analisis Karakteristik Kecelakaan di Ruas Jalan Gadjah Mada Kabupaten Jember". Borneo Engineering : Jurnal Teknik Sipil 4, n.º 1 (30 de junho de 2020): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.35334/be.v4i1.1272.
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Gadjah Mada Road is one of the main roads in the Jember and is an urban road that has high activity. Therefore, it has a history of traffic accidents. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of accidents at the KFC-Sentot Prawirodirdjo intersection and Sentot Prawirodirdjo-Argopuro intersection, to determine the EAN (Equivalent Accident Number) value, and the accident rate. Accident characteristics were analyzed based on the number of accidents obtained from the Integrated Road Safety Management System (IRSMS) on weekdays and weekends, EAN value was calculated to estimate the accident weight, and accident rate to determine the level of accident vulnerability. From the analysis, the results obtained from 2017-2018 in the KFC-Sentot Prawirodirdjo intersection have 87 accidents and the Sentot Prawirodirdjo-Argopuro intersection in 2014-2018 there were 228 accidents. Most of the accident victims at the KFC-Simpang Sentot Prawirodirdjo intersection were minor injuries and material losses. Vehicles that often involved in accidents were motorcycles. The time of the accident that often occurs was the night (17.01-21.00). The dominant type of accident is a crash when overtaking from the right. Furthermore, for the Sentot Prawirodirdjo-Argopuro intersection, most accident victims were minor injuries and material losses. The vehicle that is often involved is a motorcycle. The time of the most dominant accident is morning (05.01-09.00), and the type of accident that dominates is crash when overtaking from the right.
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Dauvergne, Peter. "Dying of Consumption: Accidents or Sacrifices of Global Morality?" Global Environmental Politics 5, n.º 3 (1 de agosto de 2005): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/1526380054794880.
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Private consumption expenditures are now more than 4 times higher than in 1960. The globalization of ever-more growth and consumption has come, however, at a price: global chains of cause-and-effect that obscure social, environmental and ethical responsibility. The result in practice is a global order that accepts the deaths of millions of young people in dangerous and unhealthy environments as tragic, but largely unavoidable, accidents of economic progress. The history of what most call traffic “accidents” is revealing. The hope at the 1896 inquest into the first “accidental death” was this would never happen again. But hope is not action. Today, traffic injures as many as 50 million and kills over one million people ever year. It is, however, no accident that tragedies like these are “accidents” rather than “sacrifices,” as such language softens criticism of the moral, social and ecological crises arising from the current global consumptive order.
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Adhikari, Pralhad. "Relationship Between Work-Related Stress and Accidents: Moderating Role of Safety Factors". National College of Computer Studies Research Journal 2, n.º 1 (27 de novembro de 2023): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nccsrj.v2i1.60085.
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Work-related stress has been identified as a risk factor for accidents according to the inadaptability theory of accident causation. The same theory says that increasing adaptability can reduce accidents. So, safety culture can be expected to be a moderator in the relationship between work-related stress and errors or accidents (as a composite construct). A survey was conducted among 431 employees from various industries using the job stress index, safety culture scale, and workplace error-accident history scale with the aim of testing if safety culture mitigates the relationship between workplace stress and errors/accidents. Work-related stress and errors/accidents correlated significantly, r=.18, p<.01. However, safety culture was not found to moderate their relationship. The conclusion is that a safety culture may not reduce the accidents caused because of work-related stress, and alternatives need to be sought. However, other studies with more methodological rigor or more objective data are needed to verify this conclusion.
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Naveen, R., N. Swaroop, Suyash Agrawal e Anup Kumar Tirkey. "Profile of occupational accidents reporting to a rural Plantation Hospital: A record review". International Journal of Occupational Safety and Health 3, n.º 2 (10 de fevereiro de 2014): 18–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijosh.v3i2.6138.
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Background: Plantation industries in India employ over 1 million people and are among the largest private employers in India. Plantations employ both skilled and un-skilled labour’s. The risks of occupational accidents are higher among this population due to the unfavorable working conditions.Objectives: To study the profile of occupational accidents and to describe the time trend of these occupational accidents. To assess changes if any in the profile of occupational accidents reporting to a rural plantation hospital over the last decade.Methodology: A descriptive hospital record review of all the patients presenting with occupational accident from January 2008 to December 2009.Results: 439 patients were registered with history of accidents; among them 196 were occupational accidents. Majority of the victims of the accident were in the age group of 21 – 40 years and were among males. Most common type and site of injuries were superficial injuries on the upper limbs. There is no significant change in the profile on occupational accidents over the last decade. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijosh.v3i2.6138
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Kim, Chong Soon. "The History of Radiation Accidents". Journal of the Korean Medical Association 46, n.º 10 (2003): 871. http://dx.doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2003.46.10.871.
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Harrell, W. Andrew. "Accident History and Perceived Risk of Injury as Factors Influencing Fatalism about Occupational Accidents". Perceptual and Motor Skills 81, n.º 2 (outubro de 1995): 665–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003151259508100260.
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In a survey of 263 employed men and women fatalism about workplace accidents was rated highest by respondents who perceived that their current jobs were dangerous and posed a high risk of personal injury. An individual's prior accident history was not associated with ratings on Accident Fatalism.
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Shahani, Comila. "Industrial Accidents: Does Age Matter?" Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 31, n.º 5 (setembro de 1987): 553–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128703100516.
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This study examined the relationship between risk of accident involvement and the aging process. It was predicted that the relationships between age and accident frequency and severity would differ depending upon job context. The study also examined the extent to which progressive selection was a factor. 7,131 accidents that occurred over a five year span in a large Southwestern petrochemical facility were analyzed. In addition, information about age and employment history was obtained for the 3,015 employees at this plant. There were no differences in the proportions of employees in different age groups across job families indicating progressive selection was not a factor in this workforce. Younger workers had higher overall accident rates than older employees; but there were few differences between them in the proportion of severe accidents incurred. The relationship between age and accident frequency and severity did not differ across job families (except in the oldest age group, where the accident frequency rate declined for two of the five job families).
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Kittel-Schneider, Wolff, Queiser, Wessendorf, Meier, Verdenhalven, Brunkhorst-Kanaan et al. "Prevalence of ADHD in Accident Victims: Results of the PRADA Study". Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, n.º 10 (8 de outubro de 2019): 1643. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8101643.
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Background: Recent research has shown an increased risk of accidents and injuries in ADHD patients, which could potentially be reduced by stimulant treatment. Therefore, the first aim of our study was to evaluate the prevalence of adult ADHD in a trauma surgery population. The second aim was to investigate accident mechanisms and circumstances which could be specific to ADHD patients, in comparison to the general population. Methods: We screened 905 accident victims for ADHD using the ASRS 18-item self-report questionnaire. The basic demographic data and circumstances of the accidents were also assessed. Results: Prevalence of adult ADHD was found to be 6.18% in our trauma surgery patient sample. ADHD accident victims reported significantly higher rates of distraction, stress and overconfidence in comparison to non-ADHD accident victims. Overconfidence and being in thoughts as causal mechanisms for the accidents remained significantly higher in ADHD patients after correction for multiple comparison. ADHD patients additionally reported a history of multiple accidents. Conclusion: The majority of ADHD patients in our sample had not previously been diagnosed and were therefore not receiving treatment. The results subsequently suggest that general ADHD screening in trauma surgery patients may be useful in preventing further accidents in ADHD patients. Furthermore, psychoeducation regarding specific causal accident mechanisms could be implemented in ADHD therapy to decrease accident incidence rate.
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Özden, Muhammed Furkan, Furkan Yıldız, Fahriye Naz Erdil e Sarper Yılmaz. "Comprehensive Evaluation of Occupational Accidents in a Hospital Setting: Insights from L-Type Matrix and Fine-Kinney Risk Assessment Methods". Medical Science and Discovery 10, n.º 5 (26 de maio de 2023): 348–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.36472/msd.v10i5.955.
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Objective: The objective of this study was to comprehensively evaluate occupational accidents in a hospital setting using the L-Type matrix and Fine-Kinney risk assessment methods. The aim was to assess the frequency, severity, and associated risks of different types of accidents. Methods: This single-center observational study analyzed occupational injuries that occurred to hospital employees between January 2018 and December 2022 in Arnavutköy State Hospital. Data were obtained from hospital records using a hospital information management system. Demographic characteristics, accident types, previous accident history, incapacity reports, L-Type matrix scores, and Fine-Kinney method scores were recorded. Risk scores were categorized based on predefined criteria. Results: The study included 249 occupational accidents, with a mean age of 30.94±9.69 years. Needle stick injuries in the hand were the most common type of accident (72.7%), followed by falls and bumps (16.1%). The L-Type matrix assessment showed that 90% of accidents were mild, and none were severe. According to the Fine-Kinney method, 0.8% of accidents were in the very high-risk group. Multiple accidents were observed among 23.7% of employees, and 11.6% resulted in work disability reports. Conclusion: Occupational accidents pose a significant risk to the safety and well-being of healthcare workers in hospitals. Needle stick injuries and falls or collisions were the most prevalent accidents. The use of risk assessment methods such as the L-Type matrix and Fine-Kinney approach allows for a comprehensive evaluation of occupational risks.
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Bhele, Raju, e Pramila Rajchal. "Accident Analysis and Identification of Black Spots on Road Section from Sanga to Dhulikhel in Araniko Highway". Journal of Transportation Systems 8, n.º 3 (2 de dezembro de 2023): 18–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.46610/jots.2023.v08i03.003.
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Road accidents are major causes of injuries and fatalities worldwide and a significant public health concern. This paper includes a comprehensive analysis of road accidents on the road section from Sanga to Dhulikhel of Kavrepalanchwok district to identify trends of accidents, causes contributing to accidents and identifying the accident black spots and ranking accident black spots based on the Weighted Severity Index and Accident Severity Index. The study uses a data-driven approach using accident data obtained from the district police office, statistical analysis and weighted Severity Index and Accident Severity Index to observe road accident patterns. This study focuses on accident analysis to find out the spatial distribution of accidents, highlight accident peak times, accident black spots and their ranking. The various factors contributing to road accidents related to driver behaviour, vehicle condition, pedestrian behaviour, and environmental condition were explored and statistical analysis are done to determine accident likelihood and severity which are very helpful to identify accident-prone areas. There is a noteworthy pattern in the accident records in the past four fiscal years. Overall, fatal accidents have decreased over the years but serious accidents have increased. The number of minor incidents has also shown some variation. Males had more accidents than females. It is clear that the male percentage significantly outnumber the female comprising 81.9%, while females make up only 10.1%. It was observed that the 26 to 56 age group is a more vulnerable. The relatively low percentages of accidents occurred during morning and late evening. The accident frequency significantly rises from the late morning through the early afternoon with peak frequency in the late afternoon. It was observed that light vehicles account for 25%, tipper and other vehicles account for 19%, two wheeler accounts for 20% and vehicle and pedestrian accounts for 36% of the total accidents recorded. This study suggests evidence-based recommendations for accident prevention, infrastructure improvement, public awareness programs and law enforcement strategies to reduce road accidents.
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Gil-Díaz, Teba. "Tellurium radionuclides produced by major accidental events in nuclear power plants". Environmental Chemistry 16, n.º 4 (2019): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en19054.
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Environmental contextHistorical accidents in nuclear power plants have released radionuclides of several elements, including tellurium, to the environment. Although tellurium radionuclides are significant radioactive emission products, and show medium-term persistence in the environment, the mechanisms behind their widespread dispersion are unknown. Future research into the biogeochemical behaviour of stable tellurium is proposed as an appropriate approach to develop tellurium dispersion scenarios fundamental for post-accident management. AbstractTellurium (Te) is a technology critical element (TCE) and a non-negligible fission product in nuclear facilities. This work compiles the environmental releases of Te radionuclides registered after two nuclear power plant (NPP) major accidental events in human history (Chernobyl and Fukushima Daiichi). Despite the registered non-negligible activities and environmental persistence, Te radionuclides are scarcely monitored, which limits the current understanding of their biogeochemical behaviour, dispersion and fate in all environmental compartments. This lack of knowledge implies an underestimation of the role of Te radionuclides during and after accidents and its consideration in dispersion scenarios, which are fundamental for post-accidental risk assessment and management.
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KAYA, Ali Özgün, Sema DEMİRCİN e Cemyiğit DEVECİ. "Çocukluk Çağı Ev Kazalarının Adli Tıbbi Değerlendirmesi: 2 Yıllık Retrospektif Tek Merkezli Bir Çalışma". Turkish Journal of Forensic Medicine 37, n.º 3 (18 de dezembro de 2023): 122–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.61970/adlitip.1323173.
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Background: Children are at a significant risk of domestic accidents due to their interest, curiosity, and lack of awareness of their surroundings. This study aims to evaluate domestic accidents from a medicolegal perspective and draw attention to the frequency and severity of such accidents in childhood.
Materials and Methods: All ICD-10 codes related to domestic accidents and injuries were scanned and reviewed. A total of 1,835 cases in the age group of 0-18 years, who presented to our hospital with a history of domestic accidents, were identified between January 1st, 2015, and December 31st, 2016.
Results: The mean age of the cases was found to be 45 months (min: 0, max: 215). It was observed that domestic accidents occurred predominantly in the 13-24 months age group, accounting for 494 (26.9%) cases. The majority of accidents occurred in the living room, constituting 672 (36.6%) cases, and the most common type of accident was falling, accounting for 960 (52.4%) cases. Only 451 (24.6%) of the study population were reported to judicial authorities.
Conclusion: In cases of domestic accidents, especially if they are repeated, to avoid overlooking child abuse cases, it is recommended to seek opinions from experienced forensic medicine practitioners in this field, if possible. Establishing a national domestic accident database and conducting further studies on domestic accidents in children will enable us to comprehend the true extent of these accidents and develop new and diverse approaches to prevent them.
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CAIN, A. J. "John Ray on ‘Accidents’". Archives of Natural History 23, n.º 3 (outubro de 1996): 343–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.1996.23.3.343.
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It has been claimed that the taxonomist John Ray underwent a philosophical revolution in his attitude to accidental and essential characters of plants, as a result of reading the philosopher John Locke's Essay concerning human understanding (1690). Ray's uses of the term ‘accident’ are exemplified, and shown to be multiple and consistent from early on in his career. They point to a consistent strongly pragmatic approach to grouping living things by natural affinities, a concept he could have derived from Aristotle. He did not agree with Cesalpino's so-called Aristotelian divisions of plants by characteristics in order of their (presumed) functional importance. Ray was more probably influenced in his attitude to essences and accidents by Boyle about 1660, than much later by Locke, who in opposition to Ray denied that common descent could be a criterion of conspecificity, and also was regarded by many as unsound in theological doctrine.
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Elnaiem Abd Ellatif, Elhadi Musa, e M. I. Shukri. "ANALYSIS OF ACCIDENTS IN THE SUDANESE CIVIL AVIATION DURING THE LAST 20 YEAR". International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 6, n.º 10 (1 de fevereiro de 2022): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2022.v06i10.032.
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WW1 and WW2 played the main role on having aircrafts fly in the Sudan skies. During the history of aviation in the Sudan, 91 accidents occurred leaving 606 fatalities. The first accident was on 25/2/1920, and the worst time for aviation in the Sudan was from 26/2/1996 to 07/10/2012 when 442 persons lost their lives in a series of accidents. The number of accidents in the last 20 years was 41 accidents killing 284 persons. 39 accidents occurred in the first 13 years and only 2 accidents occurred in the last 7 years leaving no fatalities. The main reason of accidents is found to be human error, the mode of flight of most accidents is landing and the next is take-off. Russian aircrafts made 80% of the accidents. The year 2003 was the worst year for aviation in the Sudan of 129 fatalities due to 2 accidents. The efforts done by the Aviation Safety in Africa (AFI Plan) between 2008 and 2012 has shown tangible results by reducing the number of accidents in the last 7 years to only 2 accidents
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Hadi, OMID. "Analyzing Explicit and Implicit accidents workplace costs". International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 10, n.º 05 (20 de maio de 2022): 3530–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v10i5.em08.
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Accidents are one of most important phenomena in the production industries and treat the health of the factory workers. Work accidents are a burden for many parties in many ways. Accidents and incidents lead to costs for companies, individual workers, and society. The economic effects of accidents and injuries are not only as financial expenditures, damages or loss of resources, but also there are adverse effects (such as grief ,Loss of major body organs ,…) that are difficult to express in terms of money. Work-related accidents are a major safety and health topic. Every year, workers are faced to accidents in their workplace. This is a huge cost for businesses and a huge cost in terms of human suffering for the victims and their families. Workplace accidents can mean pain and disability and can affect the worker’s life, both in and out of work. According to the contents, it is very important to review and evaluate accidents and their costs. Some researchers have divided costs into, direct and indirect categories. In this study, costs have classified and described as: Explicit and Implicit costs, next has introduced regression model , analyzed and calculated workshop accident.
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Picolo, Salvador, Jose Marcio De Vasconcellos e Antonio Carlos Fernandes. "TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF MARITIME ACCIDENTS". International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 10, n.º 06 (21 de junho de 2022): 886–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v10i6.ec03.
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This article highlights the main technical and statistical aspects related to maritime accidents, including the various types of vessels that navigate rivers and oceans around the world. It seeks to understand the mechanics of different accidents, their recurrence for different causes and their financial impact. Technically, through case studies, it shows the different types of accidents that occur in different global locations. The preservation of human life as well as of the environment are determining factors in any maritime accident today.
Keywords: Maritime Casualties, Class Society, International Maritime Organization, Environment, Costs, Cases
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Aydemir, Ayşe. "Okullarda Yaşanan Olası İş Kazalarının Türleri ve Sebepleri". International Journal of Social Sciences 6, n.º 25 (25 de julho de 2022): 209–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.52096/usbd.6.25.13.
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The aim of this study is to explain the concepts related to possible occupational accidents in schools, to determine the types of occupational accidents and to examine the precautions that should be taken in connection with the subject by focusing on their causes. For this purpose, it was explained what are the possible occupational accidents in schools, the types of occupational accidents that often occur in schools were sorted out and identified and the causes related to them were focused on. When looking at the literature, the results obtained from the research findings conducted on the subject provide descriptive and sufficient information about the content of the studies. According to the results of the researches conducted in the literature, it has been revealed that the work accidents that occur in schools related to all of the staff on duty are most often caused by inattention. It has been observed that work accidents occur most often on a weekday, and most often during working hours occur in the first time zone. Key Words: School, Accident, Work Accident, Staff on Duty
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BROOK, Barry W. "Australasian bird invasions: accidents of history?" ORNITHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 3, n.º 1 (2004): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2326/osj.3.33.
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Webb, Wilse B. "Writing History and Accident Reports: A Metaphorical Analysis". Perceptual and Motor Skills 86, n.º 2 (abril de 1998): 631–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1998.86.2.631.
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This paper takes the writing of an accident report as a metaphor for the writing of history in general. Accident reports are telic analyses in which the consequences determine the antecedents. Such analyses are subject to the purposes and expertise of the observer. The causes of accidents may be infinite in number and regress into infinity. The focussing of the search is dependent upon the definition of the event and the focussing schema used may contain gaps or distractions. The methods for causal selection are poorly developed and the methods of verification lack objectivity. The report often fails the recipient. The extent to which the writing of the history of an accident is analogous to the writing of history in general determines the extent of these problems for all historians.
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Amir, Ismatud Dianah, Meriana Wahyu Nugroho, Tri Rijanto e Sumarsono Sumarsono. "Over-Dimension and Overloading Truck Accident Model with Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Square". Buletin Profesi Insinyur 5, n.º 2 (29 de dezembro de 2022): 101–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/bpi.v5i2.172.
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Road accidents are an unavoidable problem, especially accidents caused by Over-dimension and Overloading trucks. This study involved environmental factors, driver factors, vehicle factors, and road factors which had previously been analyzed using the multinomial logistic regression method with questionnaire data of 194 respondents and resulted in 6 indicators including road surface conditions, traffic flow volume, accident history, vehicle load, vehicle dimension, and speed limit signs. The purpose of this study was to find out relationship between latent variables using the Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Square (SEM PLS) method to obtain a model of the factors causing Over-dimension and Overloading truck accidents. The model results obtained indicate that weather conditions, road surface conditions, lighting condition, certified training, driver's physical condition, vehicle type, vehicle dimension, vehicle load, road geometry, accident location, traffic facilities, as well as vehicle dimension, and speed limit signs were the variables that had the greatest influence.The model obtained was good and fit (fit model) based on the R2 and Chi-Square values of 65.7% and 76.3%, respectively.Keywords: Over-dimension and Overloading Trucks; Road Accidents; SEM PLS; Factors Causing Accidents
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Arif, Mariam, Mushtaq Ahmed e Syed Hamad Rasool. "ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS". Professional Medical Journal 22, n.º 05 (10 de maio de 2015): 621–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2015.22.05.1277.
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The specter of road traffic injuries takes a greater toll on human life every dayon our roads. Objectives: To analyze the demographic and injury profile of autopsy caseswith an alleged history of RTA (Road traffic accidents). Design: Retrospective study. Setting:Forensic Medicine Department of Nishtar Medical College, Multan. Period: January 2010 toDecember 2013. Material and Methods: 116 autopsy cases with an alleged history of RTA.Data collected pertaining to history, epidemiology, details of injuries and cause of death etc.was statistically analyzed on SPSS version17. Results: Out of 116 autopsies on RTA victims,46.55% victims were between 21-40 years with male: female ratio of 1.9:1. Maximum numberof accidents occurred during day time between 6 am and 5:59 pm (62.06%). 79.31% died atthe site of accidents. Pedestrians were the commonest victims (81.89%). Four wheelers causedmost of RTA 51(43.96%). The cause of death was opined to be head injury in 45.68% of cases.Conclusion: Addressing road safety in a comprehensive manner necessitates the involvementof multiple sectors, such as health, transport and police.
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Yuan, Yalong, Min Yang, Zuoxian Gan, Jingxian Wu, Chengcheng Xu e Da Lei. "Analysis of the Risk Factors Affecting the Size of Fatal Accidents Involving Trucks Based on the Structural Equation Model". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, n.º 8 (16 de abril de 2019): 112–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119841042.
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For decreasing the casualties and property losses in truck-involved fatal accidents, efforts to identify risk factors and their impacts on the fatal accidents are urgently needed. First, for scaling damage extent in fatal accident, truck occupant injury factor and accident size were selected from occupant- and crash- levels respectively. Then, a general structural model was built to explore the relationships between environmental, roadway, vehicle, driver factors and fatal accident severity. Afterwards, by analyzing 2010 data from the Trucks Involved in Fatal Accidents (TIFA) database, a weighted least squares (WLS) based structural equation model (SEM) was adopted to estimate the parameters of the general structural model. Significant differences between various risk factors determining truck occupant injury factors and accident severity were identified. The results indicate that environmental, roadway, vehicle, and driver factors all have statistically significant effects on the accident size and truck occupant injury factors. However, the extent to which these risk factors impact these two latent endogenous variables differ significantly. Measurement models including different latent risk factors and the corresponding observed variables are then analyzed. The results show that main indicators affecting accident severity are: environmental and roadway factors such as weather, surface conditions; vehicle factors such as truck weight and body type; and driver factors such as age, driving experience, and history of crashes or convictions. Finally, several countermeasures are suggested for truck manufactures and safety planners with the goal of reducing the number and severity of fatal accidents involving trucks.
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Mughal, Rehan Ahmed, Muhammad Zafar Iqbal Hydrie, Sana Adeeba Islam, Syed Imtiaz Ali Jafry, Munir Ahmed Shaikh e Syed Muhammad Zulfiqar Hyder Naqvi. "Pattern and Burden of Road Traffic Accidents in Tertiary Care Public Hospital, District Central, Karachi from 2016 to 2018". ANNALS OF ABBASI SHAHEED HOSPITAL AND KARACHI MEDICAL & DENTAL COLLEGE 26, n.º 1 (24 de junho de 2021): 272–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.58397/ashkmdc.v26i1.429.
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Objective: To assess the burden of trauma during the last three years (2016-18) caused by road traffic accidents presenting to the trauma centre of tertiary care public hospital in district central, Karachi.Methods: All the accident cases presenting in the trauma center of the hospital in last three years who were defined as accidents occurring on a public road and involving at least one moving vehicle were included in the study. Those with incomplete medical records were excluded. This was a crosssectional study where records of a total of 2857 individuals were retrospectively collected and their socio-demographic information, history of road traffic crashes, clinical history and examination was noted. Data was analyzed through SPSS while descriptive statistical analysis of continuous and categorical variables was performed.Results: The mean age of patients admitted to the trauma centre was 29.3 ± 16.7 years with no significant difference between both gender. Out of 2857 patients with road traffic accident injuries, around 80.9% were males. The most prevalent age group was 16-30 years of age, which was over 40.2%, followedby subjects of 31 - 45 years age group which was 21%. The study results further showed that over 51.3% of the road traffic accident patients were discharged normally, followed by 46.7% subjects who left against medical advice. Overall death rate was 2% (n=57).Conclusion: This study helps to identify the latest accident burden and pattern of injuries to develop plans aimed at prevention of road traffic accidents. Looking at the burden, the most affected was the younger subjects (16-30 years) highlighting the need for targeting this population for educational programsand policies about safe driving. Among the road traffic accidents cases the subjects who left against medical advice cases was gradually decreasing from 2016 to 2018 suggesting better healthcare facilities at the tertiary care hospital and corresponding increasing patient's confidence in them.
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Kirschner, Stefan. "A Possible Trace of Oresme’s Condicio-Theory of Accidents in an Anonymous Commentary on Aristotle’s Meteorology". Vivarium 48, n.º 3 (2010): 349–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853410x505908.
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AbstractIn his commentary on Aristotle’s Physics, Nicole Oresme (c. 1320-1382) propounds a very specific theory of the ontological status of accidents. Characteristic of Oresme’s view on accidents is that he does not consider them accidental forms, but only so-called condiciones or modi of the substance. Unlike the term “modus”, the term “condicio” seems to be very characteristic of Oresme’s own terminology. Up to now it has been unknown whether Oresme exerted any influence with his condicio-theory of accidents. This paper presents an anonymous 14th-century commentary on Aristotle’s Meteorology (Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm 4375, ff. 19r-46v), in two Questions of which the term “condicio” occurs in an ontological context. Moreover, the text shows further striking coincidences with known works by Oresme, and this makes an influence by Oresme appear all the more probable.
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Laukkala, Tanja, Robert Bor, Bruce Budowle, Pooshan Navathe, Antti Sajantila, Markku Sainio e Alpo Vuorio. "Pilot Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Fatal Aviation Accidents". Aviation Psychology and Applied Human Factors 8, n.º 2 (setembro de 2018): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/2192-0923/a000144.
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Abstract. The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) database was searched to identify fatal accidents in aviation related to trauma and stressor-related disorders in the United States and the medical requirements of aviation authorities were assessed. Between 2000 and 2015, eight pilots with a diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; of which two were aviation-related PTSDs) died in aviation accidents. These results indicate a minimum frequency of history of diagnosed PTSD in aviation fatalities to be 8 out of 4,862 fatal accidents (0.16%) in the United States. The guidance from aviation regulatory authorities is to medically assess pilots with a prior history of PTSD based on individual functional impairment and treatment response. The assessment of individual impairment would be significantly improved by the systematic data collection following aviation- and work-related traumatic events. It is also important for investigators to recognize the traumatization that occurs in aviation accident and incident investigations.
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Renaldo P, Cristofer, e Theresia Theresia. "Analisis Penentuan Daerah Rawan Kecelakaan (Blacksite) di Kabupaten Sidoarjo". ETNIK: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Teknik 2, n.º 9 (20 de setembro de 2023): 778–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.54543/etnik.v2i9.243.
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The development of highways gave birth to something inseparable from human growth and technological progress: In addition, roads also play a role in the growth of society’s economy. Traffic accidents are unforeseen or unintentional events on the road involving vehicles or other road users and resulting in human casualties or loss of property. There are several points in the district of Sidoarjo according to the accident data of January 2022 s/d January 2023 obtained from the Lantas Polresta Sidoarjo unit.Based on the data, it can be calculated using the accident equivalent number method to know the size of the accident number in the area, as well as the method of Upper Limit Control and Upper Control limit, in order to obtain the area vulnerable to accidents in the district of Sidoarjo.The results of the analysis showed that identified 4 areas vulnerable to accidents, namely Park, Balongbendo, Sidoarjo, and Prambon. The value of the park accident equivalent number of 252 points of the UC and BKA values (BKA = 131 and UCL = 130), the AEK Value 150 is higher than the control limit (BCA = 131 and UCL = 123), the AEK Sidoarjo 168 is greater than the control limit (BKa = 131 and UCL = 124), and AEK Prambon 135 is higher than the control limits (Bka = 131 and UCL = 122).
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Raihan, Faza Muhammad, e Yusup Miftahuddin. "Penerapan Algoritma Aprioti Pada Riwayat Data Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas". Infotek : Jurnal Informatika dan Teknologi 5, n.º 1 (31 de janeiro de 2022): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.29408/jit.v5i1.4402.
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With the increase of vehicle users, traffic accidents tend to happen more often. One of many ways to minimize the occurrence of traffic accidents is to process accident data history using data mining techniques. This technique is utilized in order to gain information regarding the relational pattern of traffic accidents. The data mining technique used is the association rule technique with the Apriori algorithm. One of the stages of analysis that has attracted the eyes of many researches to produce an efficient Apriori algorithm is analyzing the frequency pattern of an association that can be identified with two benchmarks; Support and Confidence. Currently, the determination of the minimum support value will be repeated by the user until it reaches a positive correlation value. This study applies a certain method to determine the minimum support value with the final result of achieving positive correlation on all datas as a reference for the lift ratio value >1 and getting 6 of the most frequent traffic accident patterns
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Simpson, Daniel J. "Potens per accidens sine accidentibus: Ockham on Material Substances and Their Essential Powers". Vivarium 59, n.º 1-2 (26 de fevereiro de 2021): 102–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685349-12341399.
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Abstract Medieval scholastics share a commitment to a substance-accident ontology and to an analysis of efficient causation in which agents act in virtue of their powers. Given these commitments, it seems ready-made which entities are the agents or powers: substances are agents and their accidents powers. William of Ockham, however, offers a rather different analysis concerning material substances and their essential powers, which this article explores. The article first examines Ockham’s account of propria and his reasons for claiming that a material substance is essentially powerful sine accidentibus. However, the article subsequently argues that, given Ockham’s reductionism about material substance, only substantial forms – never substances – are truly agents and powers. Thus, a material substance is essentially powerful but only by courtesy – per accidens, as Ockham calls it – because it has a non-identical part, its substantial form, which does all the causal work by itself, per se.
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Kim, Mi-ju, Yu-bin Go, So-yeon Choi, Nam-sun Kim, Cheol-hee Yoon e Wonhyung Park. "A Study on the Analysis of Law Violation Data for the Creation of Autonomous Vehicle Traffic Flow Evaluation Indicators". Journal of Internet Services and Information Security 13, n.º 4 (2 de dezembro de 2023): 185–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.58346/jisis.2023.i4.013.
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The study analyzes the reason for the steady increase in the number of traffic accidents in Yongin City, Gyeonggi-do, despite the improvement of Korea's traffic accident system and the decrease in the number of traffic accidents. Seven years of traffic accident data is collected to analyze major legal violations and accident risks and to derive accident-prone areas and road risk indices through QGIS mapping. Based on this analysis, it identifies the causes of accidents in multiple accident areas, proposes improvement measures like the installation of a median strip and an unmanned traffic control device near a crosswalk, and emphasizes the significance of driver awareness and safety education. The aim of the study is to analyze road risk factors and suggest improvement measures to prevent traffic accidents, with the goal of improving the traffic situation in Yongin city.
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Thomson, B. J. "History of accidents in the explosives industry". Journal of Occupational Accidents 7, n.º 3 (novembro de 1985): 218–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0376-6349(85)90007-0.
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Maleki Jamasbi, Mehrdad, Hiva Azami, Hadis Ebrahimi Neshat, Kamran Alipoor e Payam Karimian. "Epidemiology of Mortality From Cerebrovascular Accident in Patients Admitted to Sina (Farshchian) Educational-Medical Hospital of Hamadan in 2018-2019". International Journal of Epidemiologic Research 9, n.º 1 (12 de fevereiro de 2022): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ijer.2022.05.
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Background and aims: Cerebrovascular accidents are a major cause of death and disability in many countries. Therefore, the epidemiological indicators are highly important in the case of these patients’ mortality. The present study aimed to determine the epidemiology of mortality due to cerebrovascular accidents in patients admitted to Sina (Farshchian) hospital of Hamadan within 2018-2019. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, data of deceased patients were collected from one-year medical records in the neurology wards of Sina (Farshchian) hospital in Hamadan using the census method and a researcher-made checklist. The exclusion criteria were the cause of death except for cerebrovascular accident and incompleteness of data in patient’s medical record. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistical methods and SPSS 21. Results: Out of the 1196 patients admitted to the neurology wards, 159 cases died, and this rate was nearly equal between men and women. The highest mortality frequency belonged to ischemic type (83%), people over 60 years old (83%), illiterate (77.4%), urban (69.2%), self-employed (42.8%) individuals, and those with a history of underlying disease (73.6%), no history of smoking (90.6%), previous stroke (78.6%), and family history of stroke (99.4%). Conclusion: The findings of the present study showed that certain groups such as the elderly, illiterates, urban residents, self-employed, and people with underlying diseases had a higher mortality rate due to cerebrovascular accidents. Thus, special attention to these groups in health planning can be efficient in reducing the mortality of these accidents.
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Samia, Chettouh, Rachida Hamzi e Mourad Chebila. "Contribution of the lessons learned from oil refining accidents to the industrial risks assessment". Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 29, n.º 4 (11 de junho de 2018): 643–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-07-2017-0067.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to employ lessons learned from the industrial accidents in Skikda refinery during the period from 2005 to 2016 as input data for the numerical simulation of risk consequences to identify the exposed areas to the various effects of industrial accidents.Design/methodology/approachIn order to assess how the lessons learned can contribute to modeling the accidents effects in the refining activities, this paper presents a combined statistical/dynamic approach that combines two main tools, namely, lessons learned from petroleum refining in Algeria and Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres software.FindingsThe results showed that fire is the most frequent accident at Skikda refinery that is mainly caused by equipment failures with a frequent involvement of crude oil and LNG. The NO2toxic effects are unacceptable. This means that in the case of a similar accident, the entire population will be exposed to an intolerable concentration of NO2. Therefore, people must be relocated to a safer place. The results indicate that the concentration threshold can be met beyond the distance of 1 km.Research limitations/implicationsDue to the economic importance of Skikda refinery and the absence of data related to the accidents in the refineries of Algiers, Arzew and Hassi Messaoud, this study is limited to the statistical analysis of accidents related to Skikda refinery.Practical implicationsThis approach makes the risk assessment more practical and effective for the appropriate utilization of safety barriers and for the whole decision-making process.Originality/valueThis work presents a review paper of accidents that occurred in the oil-refining sector in Algeria, whose objective is learning lessons from past accidents history, by identifying their immediate causes and effects on personnel, equipment and environment in order to propose prevention measures. The novelty of this work is highlighted by the fact that this statistical analysis of oil and gas refining accident is realized for the first time in Algeria. This is due to the difficulty of obtaining data on accidents in the Algerian refining sector; for this reason, the authors have limited the study to the Skikda refinery.
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HARRELL, W. ANDREW. "ACCIDENT HISTORY AND PERCEIVED RISK OF INJURY AS FACTORS INFLUENCING FATALISM ABOUT OCCUPATIONAL ACCIDENTS". Perceptual and Motor Skills 81, n.º 2 (outubro de 1995): 665–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1995.81.2.665.
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Nichols, Theo, e Fatih Güngör. "Road Traffic Accidents in Turkey: Some Historical and Sociological Perspectives". New Perspectives on Turkey 20 (1999): 107–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0896634600003150.
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Although road traffic accidents are a matter of considerable public concern in Turkey, they have attracted little systematic analysis from social scientists. This paper seeks to examine accident trends from 1955 to 1995, in terms of changes in fatalities per vehicle as well as fatalities per head of population. It then critically surveys the adequacy and applicability to the Turkish case of theories of motorization and accidents and of risk compensation and homeostasis. Finally, the paper speculates on how accident variation over time in Turkey may relate to wider social and economic processes.
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Brooks, James F. "Indices & Accidents". Public Historian 40, n.º 4 (1 de novembro de 2018): 9–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/tph.2018.40.4.9.
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Connell, Simon. "Community insurance versus compulsory insurance: competing paradigms of no-fault accident compensation in New Zealand". Legal Studies 39, n.º 3 (15 de maio de 2019): 499–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/lst.2018.50.
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AbstractThis paper presents a history of New Zealand's accident compensation scheme as a struggle between two competing normative paradigms that justify the core reform of the replacement of civil actions for victims of personal injury with a comprehensive no-fault scheme. Under ‘community insurance’, the scheme represents the community taking moral and practical responsibility for members who are injured in accidents, while for ‘compulsory insurance’ the scheme is a specific form of compulsory accident insurance. Understanding the history of the scheme in this way helps explain both the persistence of the scheme and important changes made to it by different governments.
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Williams, Bill. "Accidents Will Happen". Social Studies of Science 18, n.º 3 (agosto de 1988): 556–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030631288018003009.
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Sanmiquel-Pera, Bascompta e Anticoi. "Analysis of a Historical Accident in a Spanish Coal Mine". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, n.º 19 (26 de setembro de 2019): 3615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16193615.
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There has been a long history of coal mine accidents and these, usually, involve serious injuries, fatalities, and the destruction of facilities. In the seventies, an explosion killed 28 miners in a Spanish coal mine. This paper gives insight into the main factors of the accident by means of the causation mode, using two well-known alternatives: (1) the method from the Spanish Instituto Nacional de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo (INSST), where the causes and circumstances of the accident are classified into immediate causes and basic causes, and (2) the Feyer and Williamson method, where the classification is done using precursor events and contributing factors. The analysis identifies the lessons to be learned from the disaster. Both methods have given very similar results, verifying the goodness of the analysis. Methane emissions due to a variation in the exploitation method, the electrical installation, and a lack of safety procedures and training were the main causes of the accident. These findings explain the real causes of this accident and can be very valuable for the prevention of future accidents.
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Hani Tabai, Bahareh, Morteza Bagheri, Vahid Sadeghi-Firoozabadi, Vahideh Shahidi e Hadi Mirasadi. "Impact of Train Drivers’ Cognitive Responses on Rail Accidents". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, n.º 10 (9 de setembro de 2018): 260–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118796359.
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Despite the innovations in automatic train control (ATC) systems to reduce the risk of driver error, many rail accidents still occur due to defects in these systems, emphasizing the essential role of the driver in preventing rail accidents and proper control of the train. This paper studies the influence of drivers’ cognitive performance, including attention and visual perception, on the occurrence of rail accidents. The research is conducted using so-called Ex-Post facto method on a random sample of 56 train drivers with a minimum of three years of experience. The research instruments included drivers’ cognition test system including WAFV (perception and attention function) sustained attention test, COG (cognitrone) selective attention test, LVT (visual pursuit) visual perception test, demographic questionnaire, and drivers’ safety history. Results of this research showed that there is no significant relationship between age and education level of train drivers, and rate of occurrence of rail accidents. A comparison on train drivers’ cognitive characteristics, between drivers with accident record(s) and those without, showed that the drivers who had experienced rail accident(s) had lower levels of sustained attention. However, no significant difference was found between the two groups in selective attention and visual perception. Investigating the association of drivers’ ages with their levels of sustained attention, the drivers with high levels of sustained attention were found to be significantly older than other drivers. According to practical implications of these findings, cognitive rehabilitation courses are recommended for train drivers to attenuate the risk of rail accidents.
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He, Yifan, Zhao Li, Lei Fu, Anhui Wang, Peng Zhang, Shuigeng Zhou, Ji Zhang e Ting Yu. "TARA-Net: A Fusion Network for Detecting Takeaway Rider Accidents". ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology 12, n.º 6 (31 de dezembro de 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3457218.
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In the emerging business of food delivery, rider traffic accidents raise financial cost and social traffic burden. Although there has been much effort on traffic accident forecasting using temporal-spatial prediction models, none of the existing work studies the problem of detecting the takeaway rider accidents based on food delivery trajectory data. In this article, we aim to detect whether a takeaway rider meets an accident on a certain time period based on trajectories of food delivery and riders’ contextual information. The food delivery data has a heterogeneous information structure and carries contextual information such as weather and delivery history, and trajectory data are collected as a spatial-temporal sequence. In this article, we propose a TakeAway Rider Accident detection fusion network TARA-Net to jointly model these heterogeneous and spatial-temporal sequence data. We utilize the residual network to extract basic contextual information features and take advantage of a transformer encoder to capture trajectory features. These embedding features are concatenated into a pyramidal feed-forward neural network. We jointly train the above three components to combine the benefits of spatial-temporal trajectory data and sparse basic contextual data for early detecting traffic accidents. Furthermore, although traffic accidents rarely happen in food delivery, we propose a sampling mechanism to alleviate the imbalance of samples when training the model. We evaluate the model on a transportation mode classification dataset Geolife and a real-world Ele.me dataset with over 3 million riders. The experimental results show that the proposed model is superior to the state-of-the-art.
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Yang, Dingding, Yu Zheng, Kai Peng, Lidong Pan, Juan Zheng, Baojing Xie e Bohong Wang. "Characteristics and Statistical Analysis of Large and above Hazardous Chemical Accidents in China from 2000 to 2020". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n.º 23 (24 de novembro de 2022): 15603. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315603.
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To investigate the occurrence and development pattern of large-scale hazardous chemicals emergencies, a statistical analysis of 195 large and above accidents of hazardous chemicals in China during 2000–2020 was conducted. A general description of the characteristics of larger and above accidents based on statistical data was analyzed, and then the system risk of the hazardous chemical industry was calculated and evaluated by the entropy weight method and the TOPSIS method comprehensively. Results show that: (1) The geographical distribution of large and above hazardous chemical accidents (LAHCA) varies significantly; (2) The high-temperature season has high probabilities of having large and above accidents; (3) Human factors and management factors are the main causes of LAHCA; (4) During the period from 2000 to 2020, due to the rapid development of the chemical industry, the overall risk of accidents involving hazardous chemicals were upswing accompanied by volatility, and the risk of serious accidents remains high. The development history of safety regulations in China’s hazardous chemical sector and the industry’s projected course for future growth were then discussed. Finally, based on the findings of the aforementioned statistics and research, specific recommendations were provided for the safety management of the hazardous chemical sector. This study expects to provide a practical and effective reference for the construction of safety management as well as accident prevention in the hazardous chemical industry.
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Burton, Elise K. "Accidents of Geography". Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences 54, n.º 1 (1 de fevereiro de 2024): 3–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/hsns.2024.54.1.3.
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Over the past two decades, human geneticists have substantially embraced the concept of “biogeographical ancestry” to account for the racial, ethnic, and linguistic categories they use to analyze and interpret genetic difference. Understanding the ongoing role of these categories in human genetic research therefore requires attention to geneticists’ representations of geography, particularly the geographic maps they use to illustrate gene distribution and migration. This article examines how the methods and imagery of international genetic geography and its major evolutionary narratives have reinforced or refashioned nationalist practices of geography in the Middle East. Geneticists simultaneously conceptualize the region’s physical space as both a historical “crossroads” of human migration and the birthplace of distinct gene sequences and civilizations, alternately blurring and sharpening the boundaries between Europe and Asia. Focusing on genetic research in Turkey and Iran, this paper analyzes how geneticists draw and interpret geographic maps of the region while selectively erasing or highlighting state borders. These genetic maps negotiate between the idealized aims of international projects to reconstruct human evolutionary history, and the reality of practicing science under the constraints of nation-state politics.
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Rueda Villar, Omar, Flor Cerquera Escobar e Gonzalo Pérez-Buitrago. "Vulnerable Road Users, Prioritization of Urban Sectors with High Accident Rates". Ingeniería Solidaria 15, n.º 29 (16 de setembro de 2019): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.16925/2357-6014.2019.03.04.
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Introduction: This article presents a review and analysis of studies that concern research made into “Road infrastructure design models to improve road safety for vulnerable users, prioritizing the high accident zones in Bogota D.C.”
Objective: To understand the interrelationship between the vulnerable road users, natural surrounding factors and buildings, based on the determination of the most representative variables for the analysis using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), applied to the prioritization of areas with high accident rates.
Methodology: It is based on identifying, through review, the known and unknown updated and important results about accident investigations with regards to vulnerable road users.
Results: The use of multivariable correlation – analysis of groupings that are treated with GIS – to identify the main factors associated with the seriousness of traffic accidents related to vulnerable road users, allows for the generation of road infrastructure designs that reduce the risk, based on areas of high frequency of occurrence.
Conclusions: The multi-criteria analysis and Geographic Information Systems (GIS), allow for the prioritization of areas with high accident rates not only through the evaluation of the quantity of accidents but also by the evaluation of their conditions, by which causal factors of greater influence are identified.
Originality: Development of infrastructure plans that reduce the risk of vulnerable road users being struck by a vehicle.
Limitations: The methodology is only applied to urban areas where there is a pre-existing history of accidents.
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Sabahi, Zahra, Parham Hasani, Hanieh Salehi-Pourmehr, Rasa Beheshti e Homayoun Sadeghi-Bazargani. "What Are the Predictors of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Among Road Traffic Accident Survivors". Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease 212, n.º 2 (fevereiro de 2024): 104–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/nmd.0000000000001739.
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Abstract Traffic accidents put tremendous burdens on the psychosocial aspects of communities. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), after an accident, is one of the most prevalent and incapacitating psychiatric conditions worldwide. In this systematic review, we aimed to investigate the predictors of PTSD in traffic accident victims. Primary search was conducted in November 2021 and updated in 2023. Studies were excluded if they used any analysis except regression for predictors. Cumulatively, primary and update searches retrieved 10,392 articles from databases, and of these, 87 studies were systematically reviewed. The predictors were categorized into sociodemographics, pretrauma, peritrauma, and post-trauma factors. The PTSD assessment time varied between 2 weeks and 3 years. Being a woman, having depression and having a history of road traffic accidents pretraumatically, peritraumatic dissociative experiences, acute stress disorder diagnosis, rumination, higher injury severity, and involvement in litigation or compensation after the trauma were significant predictors of PTSD.
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Doi, Takehiko, Hideaki Ishii, Kota Tsutsumimoto, Sho Nakakubo, Satoshi Kurita e Hiroyuki Shimada. "Car Accidents Associated with Physical Frailty and Cognitive Impairment". Gerontology 66, n.º 6 (2020): 624–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000508823.
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<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Age-related functional decline elevates the risk of car accidents. Whether specific cognitive impairments and physical frailty increase the risk of car accidents is still unclarified. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> This study examines the association between car accidents, frailty, and cognitive function, owing to an increase in car accidents related to older adults. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Data were collected from 12,013 older adults (45.4% women, mean age: 71.7 years [min: 60, max: 96]) enrolled in the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG) – Study of Geriatric Syndromes. A 2-year self-reported history of car accidents was assessed. The Japanese cardiovascular health study index was used as the criterion and included the following components of frailty: shrinking, weakness, exhaustion, low activity, and slowness. “Frailty” was assigned a value of 1 or more based on these components. Cognitive function was assessed using the NCGG Functional Assessment Tool, and cognitive impairment was assessed using a standardized value. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Of the participants, 1,117 (9.3%) had a car accident history. The proportions of the frailty components’ applicability were observed in the car accidents group compared to the non-car accidents group: shrinking (<i>p</i> = 0.006), exhaustion (<i>p</i> = 0.031), low activity (<i>p</i> = 0.034), and slowness (<i>p</i> = 0.030), but not weakness (<i>p</i> = 0.452). The proportion of cognitive impairment in executive function was also higher in the car accidents group (<i>p</i> = 0.011). A logistic regression analysis showed that both frailty (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.11–1.43; <i>p</i> < 0.001) and cognitive impairment (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.11–1.43, <i>p</i> < 0.001) are associated with car accidents. <b><i>Discussion:</i></b> This study’s findings contribute to enhancing the utility of risk assessments for older drivers. Further study is required to clarify the risk of car accidents.
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Zhang, Ren. "Accidents in acupuncture treatment: History and current state". Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine 2, n.º 4 (15 de julho de 2004): 306–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3736/jcim20040424.
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