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Berntsson, Linnéa. "Magdalena Rudenschölds medverkan i Armfeltskonspirationen 1792-1794". Thesis, Högskolan på Gotland, Institutionen för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hgo:diva-1018.
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Magdalena Rudenschöld (born 1766, died 1823) was a woman in Swedish history, who lived a turbulent life. As a young woman she was employed at the Swedish court and got to know the king of that time, Gustaf III, and she became the mistress of one of his closest deputies, Gustaf Mauritz Armfelt. After the killing of Gustaf III, a temporary government was formed. This was a regency that was put there on behalf of Prince Gustaf Adolf, since he was not yet of age to run the country. The commission to conduct this temporary government was given to Duke Carl, who was the dead king’s brother. King Gustavus III’s former employees and Officers were after the king’s death, opposed by the temporary government, and they were moved to other assignations. Among these former employees and Officers a discontent arose and a few of them, among others Rudenschöld and her friend Armfelt, started to discuss and plan for a change in the governance of Sweden. The planning was mostly done through correspondence. Several of those who took part in this correspondence, was later sentenced for trying to overthrow the Swedish government. One of the sentenced people was Magdalena Rudenschöld. The purpose of this treatise, has been to examine the role and actions of Magdalena Rudenschöld in the Armfelt conspiracy and also to compare the court records to the sentence she received. Rudenschöld was convicted of treason against the king and kingdom. The results show that Rudenschöld’s conviction for being part of treason against king and kingdom was correct, and that she had made no attempt to stop the conspiracy plans. On her part she had mediated letters between people and she had offered to help, for instance by travelling to Russia to speak for their cause. Rudenschöld’s penalty was hard. She was imprisoned for about two years, after having been publicly pilloried. As she was released from prison, Duke Carl provided her a property on the Swedish island Gotland, and she was not permitted to leave it for still some time. The fact that two members of the temporary government was part of the court that sentenced her, probably contributed to the harsh punishment. However, it has to be born in mind that this was how the judicature was organised at the time being. The treatment of Rudenschöld upset the public at the time of the trials - a lady-in-waiting who were pilloried and ended up in prison was very unusual. The fact that the affair was given characteristics of romanticism as Rudenschöld’s intimacy with the married man Armfelt was made public, and that the affair is even more complicated since the conductor of the temporary government - Duke Carl - previously had been in love with Rudenschöld, makes this story linger for posterity.
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Zobkiw, Jacob Charles. "Political strategies of laughter in the National Convention, 1792-1794". Thesis, University of Hull, 2015. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:12370.
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Brown, Howard Gordon. "Power, bureaucracy and the state elite : the revolutionary politics of army control and administration in France 1792 to 1799". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305690.
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De, Brou David. "Mass Political Behaviour in Upper-Town Quebec, 1792-1836". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/21158.
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Pottle, Mark Christopher. "Loyalty and patriotism in Nottingham, 1792-1816". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.236200.
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Halloran, Brian Michael. "The Scots College Paris, 1653-1792". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13645.
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The aim of this dissertation is to present a composite picture and evaluation of the Scots College Paris from the establishment of a Prefecture Apostolic in Scotland in 1653, until the eclipse of the college in 1792. In order to show the Mission needs that a Scottish college would have to meet, this study began with a preliminary survey of aspects of Catholicism from the creation of the Jesuit mission in 1584 until the appointment of a secular Prefect in 1653, followed by an exposition of what little is known about the first foundation of the College (1325-1603) and the first fifty years of the second foundation (1603-1653), This review showed that the Scots College in Paris was in an excellent position to further the aims of the Scottish Catholic Mission. The history of the college was then examined chronologically by principalships, but it was found necessary to devote separate chapters to three topics, Jacobitism, Jansenism, and the College archives. The investigation indicated that the Scots College Paris had given considerable beneficial service to the Scottish Catholic Mission, but preoccupation with the Jacobite cause, and a reactionary stance as regards the Constitution Unigenitus deflected the staff from the task of preparing students for the priesthood and ultimately led to baneful consequences for Scottish Catholicism. Quarrels with the Jesuits and internal quarrels amongst the secular clergy contributed to the decline of the college. The college did, however, assist in the education of about seventy priests, provided three of our earliest Bishops, played a major role in the establishment of seminaries on Scottish soil, and built up a library and archives of which even the remnant is an invaluable resource for historians.
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Thompson, Joshua. "Baptists in Ireland, 1792-1922 : a dimension of Protestant dissent". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670345.
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Ratledge, Andrew James. "From promise to stagnation : East India sugar 1792-1865 /". Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2004. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phr2366.pdf.
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Whitworth, Colin. "BLESS OUR HEARTS: TOWARDS A MODEL FOR QUEER ORAL HISTORY". OpenSIUC, 2020. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1792.
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This dissertation offers an outlined proposal and a model for practicing queer oral history—a nuancing of oral history praxis. Queer oral history is rooted in performance studies’ call to consider everyday texts alongside Dwight Conquergood’s (1985) articulations of ethical and dialogic performance of the other. I propose that queer oral history exists as an alternative praxis to traditional oral history; in order for this distinction to emerge, a practitioner must accept two charges. The first is a commitment to destabilizing oral history through the inclusion of other diverse methodological practices. Further, the researcher must welcome the ethical imperative to reflexively question subjectivity through their own role in constructing an oral history. Queer oral history demands of its practitioners a different set of goals that grow from traditional oral history, but also carefully complicate the practice of oral history as a methodology in order to address the in-between role of the subject-researcher. This placement within the gaps—the in-between—renders queer oral history theoretically queer, opening up possibilities beyond simply an oral history about queer themes. Because of its focus on commitments as a way to lead practice, queer oral history could prove useful for other person-based qualitative research methods. In order to propose queer oral history, this document traces one specific performance—Bless Our Hearts: An Oral History of the Queer South—from intellectual inception through scripting, staging, performance, and reperformance. Offering theoretical precepts, a completed script, and deep discussions of choices in scripting and embodiment, this dissertation offers a model that shows one queer oral history—about the intersections of queer and Southern identities—as it moves from interview process to complete performance project.
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Maul, Jessica. "Moravian Missions to the Delaware Indians, 1792-1812". W&M ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626296.
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Caiani, Ambrogio Antonio. "Court ceremony, Louis XVI and the French Revolution 1789-1792". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611165.
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Oidtmann, Max Gordon. "Between Patron and Priest: Amdo Tibet Under Qing Rule, 1792-1911". Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11276.
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In the late eighteenth century, a Qing-centered, pluralistic legal order emerged in the Tibetan regions of the Qing empire. In the Gansu borderlands known to Tibetans as "Amdo," the Qing state established subprefectures to administer indigenous populations and prepare them for integration into the empire. In the 1790s, the Qianlong emperor asserted the dynasty's sovereignty in central Tibet and embarked on a program to reform the Tibetan government. This dissertation examines the nineteenth-century legacy of these policies from the twin perspectives of the indigenous people of the region and the officials dispatched to manage them. On the basis of Manchu and Tibetan-language sources, Part One argues that the exercise of Qing sovereignty in central Tibet was connected to the Qianlong court's desire to monopolize indigenous arts of divination, especially as they related to the identification of prominent reincarnations. The Qing court exported a Ming-era bureaucratic technology--a lottery, and repurposed it as a divination technology--the Golden Urn. The successful implementation of this new ritual, however, hinged on the astute use of legal cases and the intervention of Tibetan Buddhist elites, who found a home for the Urn within indigenous traditions.East Asian Languages and Civilizations
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Rogers, Rachel. "Vectors of Revolution : The British Radical Community in Early Republican Paris, 1792-1794". Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00797967.
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British radicals established a pro-revolutionary society in Paris in the late months of 1792, at a time when their own government, under William Pitt the Younger, had proscribed all overt support for the French Revolution. The expatriate club was founded at a crossroads in British political and diplomatic culture therefore, and at a vital stage in the course of the French Revolution. Often the victims of judicial pursuit in both Britain and France, the members of the British Club have been deemed "men without countries" by one nineteenth-century commentator. Yet British radical activists in Paris were not simply pawns in a wider diplomatic struggle. In the early French republic, they founded a radical community at White's Hotel, where political agendas intersected with private initiatives. This associational world was part of a broad network of reform stretching across the Channel. It was influenced by a tradition of enquiry and improvement which had developed in Britain during the latter half of the eighteenth century. This tradition led members of the radical community to engage with the Revolution on issues which dominated public debate in France but which also echoed their concern for the overhaul of British political culture. They intervened on the question of the foundation of a new republican constitution at the turn of 1793, providing a range of blueprints which reflected the varied nature of the club's political character. Some also wrote eyewitness observations of the Revolution back to Britain, sketching their impressions for an audience who had, in their view, been misled by a hostile British press.
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Lees, James Christopher. "Clemens Wenzeslaus, German Catholicism, and the French Revolution, 1768-1792". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608113.
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Larsson, Esbjörn. "Från adlig uppfostran till borgerlig utbildning : Kungl. Krigsakademien mellan åren 1792 och 1866". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Historiska institutionen, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-6145.
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This thesis presents an analysis of cadet training at the Royal War Academy between 1792 and 1866. The purposes of this study are to problematise the Academy's function and to investigate male social reproduction amongst the Swedish upper classes. Two different aspects of social reproduction are studied: the transmission of social position between generations; and the communication of ideals and lifestyle that were linked to the position that was reproduced. The former was studied with the help of Pierre Bourdieu's terminology, while the latter necessitated the use of theoretical perspectives on masculinity. This thesis demonstrates the changes in the preconditions for male social reproduction, and relates them to the transition from a late feudal to a capitalist society. At the end of the eighteenth century, the usual route to a military career was still through the family's personal contacts in the armed forces. In Bourdieu's terms, this was a very direct means of transferring symbolic capital, and one that also required social capital. With the emergence of the middle class, the Academy's recruitment patterns altered. This process coincided with the emergence of a Swedish education system, and cadet training gradually adapted to fit with other elements in the school system. The ability to transfer symbolic capital directly to the next generation crumbled in the face of a system where education was necessary for the reproduction of a social position. Unlike the shifting shape of social reproduction, masculine upbringing was central at the Academy throughout the whole period. The cadets entered as boys and left as men. In this process, relationships within the cadet corps were of crucial importance. The new cadets first had to subordinate themselves to their elders, and then in turn subordinate others. It was this social order that ensured the cadets learnt a harsh lesson in leadership.
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Hayworth, Jordan R. "Conquering the Natural Frontier: French Expansion to the Rhine River During the War of the First Coalition, 1792-1797". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc822845/.
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After conquering Belgium and the Rhineland in 1794, the French Army of the Sambre and Meuse faced severe logistical, disciplinary, and morale problems that signaled the erosion of its capabilities. The army’s degeneration resulted from a revolution in French foreign policy designed to conquer the natural frontiers, a policy often falsely portrayed as a diplomatic tradition of the French monarchy. In fact, the natural frontiers policy – expansion to the Rhine, the Pyrenees, and the Alps – emerged only after the start of the War of the First Coalition in 1792. Moreover, the pursuit of natural frontiers caused more controversy than previously understood. No less a figure than Lazare Carnot – the Organizer of Victory – viewed French expansion to the Rhine as impractical and likely to perpetuate war. While the war of conquest provided the French state with the resources to survive, it entailed numerous unforeseen consequences. Most notably, the Revolutionary armies became isolated from the nation and displayed more loyalty to their commanders than to the civilian authorities. In 1797, the Sambre and Meuse Army became a political tool of General Lazare Hoche, who sought control over the Rhineland by supporting the creation of a Cisrhenan Republic. Ultimately, troops from Hoche’s army removed Carnot from the French Directory in the coup d’état of 18 fructidor, a crucial benchmark in the militarization of French politics two years before Napoleon Bonaparte’s seizure of power. Accordingly, the conquest of the Rhine frontier contributed to the erosion of democratic governance in Revolutionary France.
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MacKenzie, Charlotte. "A family asylum : a history of the private madhouse at Ticehurst in Sussex, 1792-1917". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1986. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1381827/.
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Despite a recent burgeoning of interest in the history of psychiatry and institutions for the insane, there has been no full-length study of the history of a private asylum in England. The archives of Ticehurst Asylum, which was run by four generations of the Newington family between 1792 and 1917, offer a rich source for such a study. This thesis locates the asylum in both its social and medical contexts. Initially founded as a small private madhouse, it took a wide range of clientele, including some paupers. The published medical writings of Thomas Mayo (1790-1871), who was visiting physician to Ticehurst from 1817-36, and a published account by John Perceval of his stay at Ticehurst in 1832 mean that there Is substantial evidence to place Ticehurst in the 1820s and 1830s within broader trends of social change, especially the influence of Evangelicalism on manners and morals, and the development of a diagnosis of 'moral insanity'. By the l840s, Ticehurst had become an elite asylum for predominantly upper-class patients. Increased documentation required by the 1845 Lunacy Act means that a fuller profile can be drawn of medical and moral treatment at the asylum, and it is argued that emphasis by historians on the importance of moral treatment has led to insufficient emphasis being paid to the influence of psycho-physiology on asylum doctors'practice, and Victorian medical therapeutics for mental disorders. Finally, the professional career of Herbert Francis Hayes Newington (1847-1917), who was president of the Medico-Psychological Association in 1889-90, provides the basis for a discussion of Ticehurst's location within the profession of psychiatry. This includes the conflict over the proposed closure, and eventual stricter regulation, of private asylums; and the difficulties faced by psychiatry in the absence of significant therapeutic advances in a period of rapid scientific development in other areas of medicine.
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Villalard, James Michael. "A re-assessment of the strategic role of the Channel Islands during the Great French War (1792-1815)". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/32459.
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Although it has long been portrayed as the nation’s ‘moat defensive’, recent examinations of Anglo-French rivalry during the long eighteenth century have revealed that the English Channel was, in reality, a highly permeable and vulnerable maritime border territory. Within this context, the Channel Islands assumed a strategic and tactical significance which was vastly disproportionate to their physical size, population or resources; emerging as what Morieux terms ‘a lynchpin of control' over local shipping and trade. Although a great deal of research has been already undertaken – particularly in relation to the Channel Islands’ role as a base for commerce-raiding and intelligence gathering – much of this has covered the entire long eighteenth century. However, it was only during the Great French War that the British government embraced the military potential of the Channel Islands to the fullest; not only exploiting the inhabitants’ knowledge of the seas and intimacy with her ‘enemies’, but also transforming the archipelago into a chain of offshore fortresses. In addition, prior scholarship has often focused on individual aspects of the Channel Islands’ involvement in the Great French War; while local historians have tended to embrace the ‘Great Man’ approach, examining the period through the lens of the careers of local commanders. Consequently, this thesis seeks to provide a more complete picture of the Channel Islands’ role within Britain’s military and naval strategy; integrating an examination of local defence and security with several of already well-covered topics. Moreover, in light of the fact that existent scholarship has often centred upon ‘Great Men’, it is hoped that the thesis shall serve to better demonstrate the extent to which the celebrated achievements of Don, Doyle and D’Auvergne rested upon the efforts of a number of ‘unsung heroes’.
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Stankevič, Adam. "Lietuvos Vyriausiojo Tribunolo advokatai (1662 – 1792). Ankstyvųjų naujųjų laikų profesinė subkultūra". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2007. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20070816_175529-66767.
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Darbe buvo nagrinėjama svarbiausio XVI – XVIII a. Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės bajoriško teismo Lietuvos Vyriausiojo Tribunolo advokatų visuma (iš 1662 – 1792 metų laikotarpio), suvokiant ją kaip profesinį elitą. Šiam tikslui pasiekti tarpusavyje buvo derinami analitinis, statistinis ir prozopografinis metodai. Buvo stengiamasi išsiaškinti jame dirbusių advokatų skaičių, vidutinę darbo trukmę, juos įvardinti naudotus terminus. Analizuoti jų darbo bruožai, įvaizdis, kolektyvinė biografijos momentai - socialinė ir teritorinė kilmė, išsilavinimas kūryba, karjera.The current thesis researches the advocates of the most important court of the nobility of Lithuania of the 16th –18 th century – the Grand Tribunal of Lithuania in the period of 1662 – 1792. They are investigated combining analytical, statistical and prosopographic methods. In the first part of the work the court itself is presented, the hours of its sessions and the sphere of its competences are analyzed. The second part reviews the general number of advocates (287) and the average number of advocates in each session (18). It also discusses the terms that are used in reference to the advocates (procurators, plenipotent, patron, mecenas) and the laws that govern the institution of advocacy in this court. The final part of the work is devoted to the analysis of the advocate’s social and regional backgrounds, their education and creative activities, professional and other types of career.
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Koopman, Jennifer. "Redeeming romanticism : George MacDonald, Percy Shelley, and literary history". Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=102805.
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This dissertation examines George MacDonald's preoccupation with his literary predecessor Percy Shelley. While eminently Victorian in many ways, MacDonald was equally a late Romantic, who was inspired by the Romantic poets and positioned himself as the heir to their radical tradition. While he channeled their visionary ardor, he also made it his duty to correct what he saw as their flaws. I read MacDonald through the figure of Shelley, with whom MacDonald seems to have personally identified, but to whose atheism MacDonald, a devout believer, objected. MacDonald's fascination with Shelley works its way into his fiction, which mythologizes literary history, offering fables about the transmission of the literary spirit down through the generations. Throughout his work, MacDonald resurrects Shelley in various guises, idealizing and reshaping Shelley into an image that is startlingly like MacDonald himself. This project contributes to MacDonald scholarship by offering a new approach to his work. It positions MacDonald, who is often portrayed as an ahistorical myth-maker, in an explicitly historical light, revealing him as a Victorian mythographer who was deeply invested in questions of literary criticism and historical succession.Chapter 1 introduces MacDonald's concern with literary genealogy, and discusses how his work as a literary critic and historian idealizes Shefey. Chapter 2 examines how MacDonald's Phantastes portrays literary history as romantic quest, featuring Shelley as a heroic but fallen knight, and opening questions about literary fatherhood. Chapter 3 interprets the gothic tale "The Cruel Painter" as a myth about the transition from the Enlightenment to Romanticism, in which MacDonald rewrites the story of Shelley's involvement with Mary Godwin and her father William Godwin. Chapter 4 considers Sir Gibbie and Donal Grant, works in which MacDonald explicitly critiques Shelley, and implicitly positions himself as the savior of the English literary tradition. Chapter 5 investigates MacDonald's later works, The Flight of the Shadow and Lilith, in which Shelley---and evil itself---become more complex entities. Throughout the dissertation, particular attention is given to the issue of repeating history vs. redeeming history, a tension that is reflected in MacDonald's use of vampire imagery to portray the unredeemed past.
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Ben, Omar Ahmed Khalid. "Islam, vie collective, organisation sociale et politique dans la ville de Salé : (1792-1930)". Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H120/document.
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Les principales villes marocaines semblent connaitre un déclin économique et un affaiblissement au courant du 19e siècle, celles-ci semblent aussi avoir peu de contacts avec l'extérieur et la vie religieuse, sociale, l'organisation collective et urbaine sont encore peu connus. La ville marocaine de Salé bien qu'au passé prestigieux et riche est emblématique de cette tendance. Peu d'étrangers semblent avoir à cette époque eu l'occasion de visiter des villes marocaines comme Salé ou encore Chefchaouen au passé prestigieux mais traditionnellement fermées aux influences étrangères. Les archives locales sont rares et impliquent une familiarité avec l'Arabe et les documents officiels du régime Sultanien, archives qu'il faut aller déchiffrer parfois dans les collections privées. Or, le courant du 19e siècle est un moment historique crucial. En effet, se plonger dans la culture urbaine marocaine de ce siècle et dans les mouvements historiques associés permet d'avoir des éclairages complémentaires et intéressants sur la réaction marocaine à la colonisation et l'essence des mouvements de résistances marocains. Ceci est particulièrement valable pour la ville de Salé. En effet, pendant les décennies qui précédent l'indépendance du Maroc, la ville de Salé fut le fief des mouvements de résistance nationale. En témoignent l'appel au «latif» lancé à Salé, par Ahmed Maâninou, relayé par la suite dans les principales cités du Maroc, et la pétition contre le Dahir Berbère remise au Sultan Mohammed V et au Résident général conduira la France au retrait du dahir de mai 1930, perçu par les intellectuels de l'époque comme une tentative de division du peuple marocainThe main Moroccan cities seem to be experiencing an economic decline and a weakening during the 19th century, they also seem lo have little contact with the outside world and religious, social, collective and urban organization are still little known. The Moroccan city of Salé although a prestigious and rich past is emblematic of this trend. Few foreigners seem to have had the opportunity to visit Moroccan cities such as Salé or Chefchaouen with a prestigious past but traditionally closed to foreign influences. Local archives are rare and involve a familiarity with the Arabic and official documents of the Sultanian regime, which must be deciphered sometimes in private collections. Indeed, the 19th century is a crucial historical moment : to immerse ourselves in the Moroccan urban culture of this century and in the associated historical movements allows us to have complementary and interesting insights into the Moroccan reaction to colonization and the essence of Moroccan resistance movements. This is especially !rue for the city of Salé. Indeed, during the decades preceding the independence of Morocco, the city of Salé was the stronghold of the national resistance movements. As evidenced by the appeal to the "latif” launched in Salé by Ahmed Maâninou, subsequently relayed in the main cities of Morocco, and the petit ion against the Dahir Berbère given LO Sultan Mohammed V and the General Resident will lead France to the withdrawal of dahir of May 1930, perceived by the intellectuals of the time as an attempt to divide the Moroccan people
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Cardoso, Maria Luiza. "Educação de crianças e jovens nas academias militares do Conde de Resende (Rio de Janeiro: 1792 - 1801)". Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/48/48134/tde-25092009-162313/.
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Este trabalho trata da educação de crianças e jovens pobres na Real Academia de Fortificação, Artilharia e Desenho da Cidade do Rio de Janeiro, criada em 1792, pelo 2º. Conde de Resende, e na Academia de Aritmética, Geometria Pratica, Fortificação, Desenho e Língua Francesa para Oficiais de Infantaria, criada em 1795, também pelo referido Conde. Dentre outras fontes de pesquisa utilizadas, o trabalho se baseia principalmente num mappa dos nomes, idades e observaçoens dos alumnos relativo à última academia, datado de 31 de Dezembro de 1798, descoberto no Arquivo Histórico Militar, quando da realização de um estágio de doutoramento em Portugal, financiado pela CAPES. A pesquisa teve como objetivos identificar por que e como (metodologia) se desenvolveram as ações educativas nessas instituições; caracterizar os alunos que freqüentavam esses ambientes educacionais, bem como seus professores; identificar os conteúdos escolares que eram abordados nessas situações de aprendizagem; verificar o material didático empregado na instrução; identificar maneiras de avaliar o desempenho escolar dos alunos e professores; analisar a legislação educacional existente; verificar diferenças no tratamento dispensado às crianças e aos jovens de origem nobre e aos filhos de militares, com relação aos militares das mesmas faixas etárias, oriundos das outras classes sociais; e identificar possíveis contribuições que as Academias possam ter oferecido à educação e à sociedade brasileira.This thesis is about the education of poor children and young people in the Academy of Fortification, Artillery, and Draw of the Rio de Janeiros city, that began to work in 1792, and was created by the Second Resendes Count, and the Academy of Arithmetic, Geometry, Fortification, Draw and French Language for Infantry Officers, created in 1795, also by the Count. Among many documents and books, this work was done based in a map that contains names, ages, and observations of the students related to the last academy, dated from December 31st, 1798, that was discovered in the Military History Archive, when the realization of a doctors training in Portugal, paid by CAPES. The investigation tries to present the reasons of the creation, and how was developed the education actions in these institutions; characterized the students that frequented theses educational places, and also their teachers; identify the schools contents that were teaching; verify the teaching materials that were used in the instructions; identify the evaluations methods for students and teachers; analyze the educational documents and laws of these academies; verify differences between the treatment dispensed to the poor and to the rich students; and identify possible contributions to the education and the american society.
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Carpenter, Kirsty. "Les émigrés à Londres, 1792-1797". Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010651.
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Cette thèse sur les émigrés français à Londres pendant la révolution française est divisée en deux parties. La première partie consiste en une analyse de la société des émigrés qui habitaient à Londres ou dans ses environs pendant l'émigration. La deuxième partie est une liste de tous les émigrés laïcs dont j'ai retrouvé la trace à Londres entre 1792 et 1797. Cette étude examine l'évolution de la société de français catholiques à Londres et la mise en place de l'aide aux victimes de la révolution qui se sont réfugiés en Angleterre. Elle dévoile les nuances des rapports entre les français et les anglais qui se côtoyaient dans les faubourgs de Londres. Elle représente aussi la première tentative d'une analyse statistique de l'émigration en Angleterre à travers des sources de l'époque, des registres de secours du gouvernement britannique et les archives anglaises. Elle examine également la mosaïque de quartiers londoniens où les émigrés s'installèrent. Cette approche géographique est très révélatrice des classes sociales et des tendances politiques au sein de la société émigrée. L'analyse de cette société est approfondie à travers plusieurs grandes rubriques ; la rencontre des religions catholique et protestante qui eut lieu en Angleterre à cause de l'arrivée des français ; les femmes dans l'émigration et l'émancipation qu'elles étaient obligées d'assumer afin de pouvoir aux besoins de leur famille; les initiatives prises par les émigrés pour gagner leur vie à Londres ; et finalement, la littérature des émigrés londoniens et les rapports entre les poètes et les écrivains anglais et français.
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Labonne, Marie-Pierre. "Vie et métier des pêcheurs de Ροrt-en-Βessin : une communauté de marins en mutation, 1792-1945". Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC036/document.
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Moins étudiés que les grandes pêches maritimes françaises, les petits métiers côtiers ne sontencore que peu abordés à l’échelle d’une thèse. Cette recherche à propos de la vie et desactivités halieutiques de la petite communauté des pêcheurs de Port-en-Bessin, s’inscrit doncdans une historiographie encore modeste à propos des pêches fraîches artisanales dans lespetits ports. Or parallèlement au développement des pêches industrielles dans les grands ports,la pêche artisanale portaise s’affirme dès le deuxième XIXe siècle et évolue d’une activité desubsistance vers une activité mercantile.Les recherches et les analyses menées dans cette thèse permettent de comprendre comment lepetit havre normand doté de quelques barques en 1792, devient à l’orée de la Seconde Guerremondiale le premier port du quartier de Caen. En effet, la communauté des gens de mer a su,contrairement aux stations de pêche voisines, malgré les aléas économiques, écologiques etpolitiques, s’adapter en adoptant les mutations techniques et sociales nécessaires à lapérennisation de son métier. Plus encore, à travers l’étude se dessine une catégorie de gens demer, les patrons-pêcheurs armateurs, qui tout en conservant les us traditionnels de l’activitécomme la rémunération à la part, semblent particulièrement enclins à une certaine innovation,emmenant avec eux l’ensemble de la communauté vers la réussite de l’économie halieutiquedu petit port. Enfin, quelle que soit l’époque, loin du misérabilisme souvent dépeint, lespêcheurs de Port-en-Bessin ont su tirer parti des situations les plus difficiles afin de conserverleur « aisance » voire même une certaine prospéritéIn a dissertation level, inshore occupations have been often given little attention compared to the French deep-sea fishing. Therefore, this halieutic life and activities research of littlefishermen community in Port-en-Bessin, could be inscribed in a air short historiography ofoutports wet fishery craft. Nevertheless, traditional port fishing, asserts itself during thesecond part of 19th century simultaneously to the great ports industrial fisheries. This up untilthen subsistence activity moves to a commercial level.The research and analysis leaded to this dissertation, enable to understand, how this littleNormand haven provided only with some small boats in 1792, becomes on the cusp of WW2the major port of Caen. Actually in order to keep their occupation longevity and despite thefinancial, environmental and political hazards, the seafarer community has managed to getused to them by taking on technical and social changes, unlike nearby fishing stations.Moreover, this study outlines a seafarers category, the skipper ship-owners. They seemparticularly prone to accept innovation leading the whole of the community to the halieuticfinancial success of small ports, whilst keeping the activity’s essentials such as the “sharedwage”system. Lastly, regardless of the era and long way from the miserabilism often evoked,Port-en-Bessin fishermen made good use of the most difficult circumstances in order to keeptheir “material comfort” and get even some affluence
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Moatti, Alexandre. "Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis (1792-1843) : un mathématicien, théoricien de la mécanique appliquée". Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00645154.
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Cette thèse à caractère biographique est une étude de la carrière et de l'œuvre scientifiques de Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis (1792-1843), polytechnicien, ingénieur des ponts et chaussées, dont le nom est universellement connu (force de Coriolis), mais dont le parcours et l'œuvre multiforme sont peu connus. Le fait que Coriolis fasse l'intégralité de sa carrière comme enseignant, puis directeur des études à l'École polytechnique, et que par ailleurs il participe à l'évolution de l'École et du Corps des ponts et chaussées à partir de 1830, nous donne un éclairage intéressant sur ces institutions (notamment grâce à la correspondance privée de Coriolis de 1838 à sa mort). Concernant son œuvre scientifique, sont rappelés ses apports de mathématicien. Son œuvre se caractérise principalement, toutefois, par une approche avant tout mathématique et théorique de la mécanique appliquée aux machines - il établit les fondements d'une théorie du travail. Cette approche et les résultats importants qui peuvent être attribués à ce savant, comme la définition physique du travail, les forces d'entraînement ou les forces centrifuges composées (forces de Coriolis), témoignent du lien tissé par Coriolis entre la mécanique rationnelle des géomètres et la mécanique appliquée à l'industrie naissante des machines.
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Grant, Sarah. "Representations of the princesse de Lamballe (1749-1792) : the portraiture, patronage and politics of a royal favourite at the court of Marie-Antoinette". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1797d7c6-5c22-44a9-8ab3-adfcddfd43fc.
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This thesis examines the portraiture and patronage of Marie Thérèse Louise de Savoie-Carignan, the princesse de Lamballe (1749-1792). It is the first comprehensive and detailed study to be undertaken of the princess's activities as patron. Lamballe was Marie-Antoinette's longest-serving confidante and Superintendent of the Queen's Household. Through close formal analysis of the portraits combined with careful consideration of the sitter's personal circumstances and the wider cultural and historical context, the thesis challenges scholarly assumptions that the princess had only negligible influence as a sitter and patron. As a case study of an independent, professionally ambitious and childless widow, it identifies a wider range of motives and cultural meanings than has previously been ascribed to female court patronage of this period. The first chapter demonstrates that the early depictions of Lamballe as a docile and grieving princess were largely dictated by her father-in-law, an identity the princess subsequently discarded when she assumed a professional role at court. Chapter two examines portraits executed during the princess's rise to political and social prominence and shows that her attachment to the queen and the length of time she spent in her company and service, together with her publicly visible roles as freemason and salonnière, made her a figure of considerable renown and influence and thereby a highly significant patron at the French court. This was enhanced by the princess's international reputation as a talented amateur artist in her own right and by her financial and social support of aspiring artists and art institutions. The princess's engagement with the cult of sentiment and advocacy of women artists is allied to the sorority encouraged by Marie-Antoinette within the women of her select circle. Complementary chapters on the princess's previously unknown anglophile inclinations (discussed in Chapter three) and her private collections, library, and musical and literary patronage (considered in Chapter four) further reveal that Lamballe was an informed and cultivated female patron who operated at the very centre of Marie-Antoinette's circle.
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Honeyman, Valerie. "'That ye may judge for yourselves' : the contribution of Scottish Presbyterianism towards the emergence of political awareness amongst ordinary people in Scotland between 1746 and 1792". Thesis, University of Stirling, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/10826.
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This thesis offers a new interpretation of the origins of eighteenth-century popular political consciousness in Scotland during the second half of the eighteenth century by considering the relationship between Presbyterianism, literacy and political activity, and it examines the long-standing enmity to the authority of the elite expressed through patronage disputes, the burgh reform movement and opposition to Catholic relief. In particular it discusses the ongoing debate over lay ecclesiastical patronage arguing that religious dispute was a major stimulus to the process of politicising ordinary people. This process was aided by the inherent radicalism within Presbyterianism which was egalitarian and anti-hierarchical, and which was used to justify inclusion in the political process. It also emphasises the continuing relevance of Scotland’s Covenanting tradition for people from all walks of life who engaged with ideas predominantly through polemical religious books, particularly Covenanting theology and history, and it argues that the clergy provided a crucial link between the general populace and the issues of the day through their ability to draw people into contemporary debate as a result of their preaching and publications.
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Faget, Renaud. "Commander en 1792-1793 : le cas Houchard". Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010658.
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Le début des guerres révolutionnaires (1792-1793) est marqué par des défections et des trahisons au sein du commandement français. En réponse à cette situation, et alors que la conjoncture militaire se dégrade au premier semestre 1793, les mises en accusation qui suivent témoignent d'une reprise en main de l'armée. La condamnation du général Houchard en octobre 1793 dépasse cependant ce cadre strictement politique car elle est l'occasion pour le Tribunal révolutionnaire de définir une doctrine de la guerre. À travers Houchard, général exécuté pour l'insuffisance de sa victoire, c'est l'ensemble du commandement qui est sommé de se régénérer. Les officiers doivent abandonner la routine tactique de l'Ancien Régime ainsi que le « style léger» pourtant soutenu par les militants les plus radicaux de la sans-culotterie. La Révolution formalise d'abord un partage de pouvoirs qui fonde la distinction entre les échelles stratégique, opératique et tactique, condition de l'efficacité opérationnelle et clef du succès militaire. La doctrine révolutionnaire apporte ensuite des contenus nouveaux dans les domaines tactique et disciplinaire. Elle s'inspire des prescriptions politiques du mouvement populaire sans s'y réduire, et surtout traduit l'adoption de positions réalistes et pas seulement idéologiques vis-à-vis du commandement. Cette doctrine formule enfin une manœuvre-type que la loi contribue à définir et que les états- majors précisent à force d'expérimentations. La Révolution, à la recherche d'un ordre public nouveau, républicain et durable établit par-là les règles de l'efficacité militaire.
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Denis-Delacour, Christopher. "Entre normes et pratiques.Les étrangers des trafics maritimes romains (1742-1797)". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3029.
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Si l'institution d'un Consulat de la mer à Civitavecchia en 1742 s'inscrivait avec retard dans un mouvement de réappropriation de l'exercice de la justice, l'événement symbolisait à la fois les prétentions romaines en matière de mercantilisme et les contradictions de son application pratique. Cette création institutionnelle devait en effet composer avec une ambigüité propre aux ports francs : être à la fois une porte d'entrée au commerce international et le filtre des échanges étrangers. Dans un contexte où le commerce ‘actif' devenait la ligne politique du pouvoir, le quotidien des acteurs économiques s'apparentait plutôt à une réinterprétation sociale des règles locales. Les agents institutionnels étaient en effet très souvent liés aux protagonistes du commerce. Acteurs économiques et institutions étaient alors à même d'incarner les normes avec un haut niveau de flexibilité. À ce titre, dans un contexte de création et d'affirmation d'une identité ‘étatique', l'insertion initiale des capitaines étrangers par l'intermédiaire de l'appareil normatif réglant les trafics maritimes romaines concrétisait la patiente accumulation de savoirs informels et la construction d'un réseau d'intermédiaires stratégiquement positionnés. Des savoirs qui furent un tremplin professionnel et économique mêlant pluriactivité et stratégies d'interprétation institutionnelle. Jouant en effet sur leur condition de stranieri ayant la capacité d'agir comme sudditi pontifici, ces capitaines et marins devinrent par la suite des opérateurs marchands économiquement profitables et incontournablesIf the creation of the Consolato del mare court of Civitavecchia in 1742 was the late expression of an ancient and global movement for the restoration of a State-controlled justice, it also epitomizes the pontifical contradiction in the application of mercantilism. This institution was however facing the free ports ambiguity: at the same time opened to international trade and supposed to screen foreign activity. Above all, the mercantilist political context pushed the economic actors to a daily reinterpretation of local rules. Indeed, institutional agents were usually connected with the protagonists of trade. Therefore, economic actors and institutions were able to enforce justice with a high degree of flexibility. As such, in a context of creation and assertion of a State identity, the initial insertion of foreign captains by the means of normative apparatus regulating papal maritime trade gave concrete expression to the slow accumulation of informal skills and the development of a network of strategically positioned go-betweens. Such skills revealed to be a professional and economic stepping stone, combining diversified activities and institutional interpretation strategies. Using their condition of stranieri, with the ability to act as sudditi pontifici, these captains and seamen became economically profitable and crucial merchant actors
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Rundqvist, Annelie. "Av god Conduit : Privatlärare i Stockholm med omnejd 1793-1795". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för idé- och samhällsstudier, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-136522.
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OF PROPER CONDUCT: PRIVATE TUTORS IN STOCKHOLM AND ITS ENVIRONS 1793–1795 This paper studies private tutors in Stockholm and its environs 1793-1795 by examining work advertisements written by said tutors. It is in part a continuation of a previous study of the education market in Stockholm 1798. It utilizes Yvonne Hirdman ’s gender theory and Pierre Bourdieu’s concepts of symbolic capital to analyze differences in what male and female tutors offered to teach, how they portrayed themselves and if any social groups could be ascertained. Both qualitative and quantitative methods are used, where the quantitative method is partly influenced by the verb oriented-method from the Gender and Work (GaW) project and the qualitative method is influenced by hermeneutics. The study shows that most of the tutors were men, and of those men a majority were students, priests, educated men and officials. The female tutors did not use titles overall, but the subjects they offered to teach suggests most were in the mid- to upper mid layer of society. The French salon culture was dominating among the nobles at the end of the 18th century. This study argues that the salon culture was the cultural capital by which the tutors measured themselves. Because of their academic merits, men tended to use institutionalized cultural capital while women used only partly embodied cultural capital through their knowledge of the French language. Where men tended to use formal merits, women used a wider array of strategies. There were however a number of men who used strategies of weakness when faced with financial difficulties. Women taught mainly needlework and French, where female tutors offering to teach how to sew of clothes showed a shift from male professional tailors to female seamstresses. It is argued that Hirdman’s principle of segregation between men and women both affected the subjects the tutors were able to offer as well as the subjects they did offer.
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Cornu, Laurence. "Les mots du politique dans l'invention de la république : 1791-1792". Paris 8, 1999. http://octaviana.fr/document/182423662#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
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Ete 1789 : les principes. 21 septembre 1792 : premiere republique francaise, entretemps, la republique s'invente a l'initiative de quelques hommes en juin 1791. C'est cette nouveaute, dans sa fragilite historique que l'on presente ici. La divergence se marque en fait des la fuite du roi a varennes, entre robespierre et ces republicains, condorcet, brissot, paine, significativement lisible dans les propositions institutionnelles concernant la representation, et dans la pratique de la parole publique. Ce quelque chose de neuf dans l'espace politique, qui sera emporte dans la tourmente de la terreur, tente d'abord de resister a la categorisation des mots du politique, pour tenter de veritables confrontations. La mefiance a l'oeuvre dans la terreur fait ressortir la confiance, certaines formes de confiance, comme une dimension meconnue de l'espace politique. "l'invention de la republique" bouscule les categories du social, et met au defi d'inventer et de penser de nouvelles formes de socialibilite dans lesquelles se revelent des sujets politiquesThe summer of 1789 : the principles. 21st of september 1792 : the first french republic. Between these two dates, thanks to the initiative of a few men, the republic was invented in june 1791. It is this novelty, in its historical fragility, that will be presented here. As early as the king's flight to varennes, the divergence of opinion between robespierre and the republicans, condorcet, brissot and paine, is very apparent in the institutional propositions concerning representation, and in the way of making political speeches. This new entity in the political sphere, which would be swept away in the turnmoil of the terror, initially tried to resist the categorisation of political terms in an attempt to have real confrontations. The distrust at work in the terror made confidence, or certain kind of confidence, stand out as a little recognised dimension of the political sphere. 'the invention of the republic' disrupts social categories and challenges people to invent new forms of sociability, freed from narcissism, in which political subjects then appear
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Kim, Minchul. "Democracy and representation in the French Directory, 1795-1799". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15874.
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Democracy was no more than a marginal force during the eighteenth century, unanimously denounced as a chimerical form of government unfit for passionate human beings living in commercial societies. Placed in this context this thesis studies the concept of ‘representative democracy' during the French Revolution, particularly under the Directory (1795–1799). At the time the term was an oxymoron. It was a neologism strategically coined by the democrats at a time when ‘representative government' and ‘democracy' were understood to be diametrically opposed to each other. In this thesis the democrats' political thought is simultaneously placed in several contexts. One is the rapidly changing political, economic and international circumstances of the French First Republic at war. Another is the anxiety about democratic decline emanating from the long-established intellectual traditions that regarded the history of Greece and Rome as proof that democracy and popular government inevitably led to anarchy, despotism and military government. Due to this anxiety the ruling republicans' answer during the Directory to the predicament—how to avoid the return of the Terror, win the war, and stabilize the Republic without inviting military government—was crystalized in the notion of ‘representative government', which defined a modern republic based on a firm rejection of ‘democratic' politics. Condorcet is important at this juncture because he directly challenged the given notions of his own period (such as that democracy inevitably fosters military government). Building on this context of debate, the arguments for democracy put forth by Antonelle, Chaussard, Français de Nantes and others are analysed. These democrats devised plans to steer France and Europe to what they regarded as the correct way of genuinely ending the Revolution: the democratic republic. The findings of this thesis elucidate the elements of continuity and those of rupture between the Enlightenment and the French Revolution.
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Baker, William C. "Capital Ships, Commerce, and Coalition: British Strategy in the Mediterranean Theater, 1793". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc699881/.
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In 1793, Great Britain embarked on a war against Revolutionary France to reestablish a balance of power in Europe. Traditional assessments among historians consider British war planning at the ministerial level during the First Coalition to be incompetent and haphazard. This work reassesses decision making of the leading strategists in the British Cabinet in the development of a theater in the Mediterranean by examining political, diplomatic, and military influences. William Pitt the Younger and his controlling ministers pursued a conservative strategy in the Mediterranean, reliant on Allies in the region to contain French armies and ideas inside the Alps and the Pyrenees. Dependent on British naval power, the Cabinet sought to weaken the French war effort by targeting trade in the region. Throughout the first half of 1793, the British government remained fixed on this conservative, traditional approach to France. However, with the fall of Toulon in August of 1793, decisions made by Admiral Samuel Hood in command of forces in the Mediterranean radicalized British policy towards the Revolution while undermining the construct of the Coalition. The inconsistencies in strategic thought political decisions created stagnation, wasting the opportunities gained by the Counter-revolutionary movements in southern France. As a result, reinvigorated French forces defeated Allied forces in detail in the fall of 1793.
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Parnell, John Robert. "Baptists and Britons: Particular Baptist Ministers in England and British Identity in the 1790s". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4947/.
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This study examines the interaction between religious and national affiliations within a Dissenting denomination. Linda Colley and Jonathan Clark argue that religion provided the unifying foundation of national identity. Colley portrays a Protestant British identity defined in opposition to Catholic France. Clark favors an English identity, based upon an Anglican intellectual hegemony, against which only the heterodox could effectively offer criticism. Studying the Baptists helps test those two approaches. Although Methodists and Baptists shared evangelical concerns, the Methodists remained within the Church of England. Though Baptists often held political views similar to the Unitarians, they retained their orthodoxy. Thus, the Baptists present an opportunity to explore the position of orthodox Dissenters within the nation. The Baptists separated their religious and national identities. An individual could be both a Christian and a Briton, but one attachment did not imply the other. If the two conflicted, religion took precedent. An examination of individual ministers, specifically William Winterbotham, Robert Hall, Mark Wilks, Joseph Kinghorn, and David Kinghorn, reveals a range of Baptist views from harsh criticism of to support for the government. It also shows Baptist disagreement on whether faith should encourage political involvement and on the value of the French Revolution. Baptists did not rely on religion as the source of their political opinions. They tended to embrace a concept of natural rights, and their national identity stemmed largely from the English constitutional heritage. Within that context, Baptists desired full citizenship in the nation. They called for the repeal of the Test and Corporation Acts and the reform of Parliament. Because of their criticism of church and state, Baptists demonstrate the diversity within British Protestantism. For the most part, religion did not contribute to their national identity. In fact, it helped distinguish them from other Britons. Baptist evangelicalism reinforced that separate identity, as the nation did not outweigh spiritual concerns. The church and state establishment perceived the Baptists as a threat to social order, but Baptists advocated reform, not revolution. They remained both faithful Baptists and loyal Britons.
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Jarrett, Nathaniel W. "Collective Security and Coalition: British Grand Strategy, 1783-1797". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc984129/.
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On 1 February 1793, the National Convention of Revolutionary France declared war on Great Britain and the Netherlands, expanding the list of France's enemies in the War of the First Coalition. Although British Prime Minister William Pitt the Younger had predicted fifteen years of peace one year earlier, the French declaration of war initiated nearly a quarter century of war between Britain and France with only a brief respite during the Peace of Amiens. Britain entered the war amid both a nadir in British diplomacy and internal political divisions over the direction of British foreign policy. After becoming prime minister in 1783 in the aftermath of the War of American Independence, Pitt pursued financial and naval reform to recover British strength and cautious interventionism to end Britain's diplomatic isolation in Europe. He hoped to create a collective security system based on the principles of the territorial status quo, trade agreements, neutral rights, and resolution of diplomatic disputes through mediation - armed mediation if necessary. While his domestic measures largely met with success, Pitt's foreign policy suffered from a paucity of like-minded allies, contradictions between traditional hostility to France and emergent opposition to Russian expansion, Britain's limited ability to project power on the continent, and the even more limited will of Parliament to support such interventionism. Nevertheless, Pitt's collective security goal continued to shape British strategy in the War of the First Coalition, and the same challenges continued to plague the British war effort. This led to failure in the war and left the British fighting on alone after the Treaty of Campo Formio secured peace between France and its last continental foe, Austria, on 18 October 1797.
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zur, Loye Tobias Percival 1985. "History of a Natural History: Max Ernst's Histoire Naturelle, Frottage, and Surrealist Automatism". Thesis, University of Oregon, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10700.
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x, 144 p. : ill. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.When André Breton released his Manifesto of Surrealism in 1924, he established the pursuit of psychic automatism as Surrealism's principle objective, and a debate concerning the legitimacy or possibility of Surrealist visual art ensued. In response to this skepticism, Max Ernst embraced automatism and developed a new technique, which he called frottage , in an attempt to satisfy Breton's call for automatic activity, and in 1926, a collection of thirty-four frottages was published under the title Histoire Naturelle. This thesis provides a comprehensive analysis of Histoire Naturelle by situating it in the theoretical context of Surrealist automatism and addresses the means by which Ernst incorporated found objects from the natural world into the semi-automatic production of his frottages. All previous scholarship on the subject is consolidated and critically examined, and the development of frottage is traced from its earliest manifestations to its long-lasting influences.
Committee in Charge: Dr. Sherwin Simmons, Chair; Dr. Joyce Cheng; Dr. Charles Lachman
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Andrés, Aguirre Alberto. "Carlos Beramendi en Aragón y Cataluña (1792-1793). Un viaje en el filo de la modernidad". Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/69699.
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Baker, William Casey. "Between Coalition and Unilateralism: The British War Machine in the Mediterranean, 1793-1796". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2020. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1752351/.
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In 1793, the British government embarked on a war against Revolutionary France that few expected would last twenty-five years and engulf all of Europe. Radical French policies provided an opportunity for William Pitt, the British prime minister, to endeavor to cobble a European alliance, including a number of Mediterranean states. These efforts never progressed beyond theory and negotiations because of conflicted policy and tension between the British diplomatic corps and Royal Navy over the strategic goals in the region. With diplomats focused on coalition building and military commanders focused on national objectives, British efforts never congealed into a unified effort to defeat Revolutionary France.
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Ostwald, Jamel M. "Vauban’s Siege Legacy in the War of the Spanish Succession, 1702-1712". The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1039049324.
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Ségala, Solange. "L'activité des autorités administratives départementales des Bouches-du-Rhône de 1790 à 1792". Aix-Marseille 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX32004.
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La loi des 6-7,11 septembre 1790 confie le règlement du contentieux fiscal, électoral, des travaux publics et des biens nationaux aux administrations départementales : les archives des Bouches-du-Rhône montrent une administration protégeant correctement les droits des particuliers et usant largement des pouvoirs qui lui ont été attribués, même si dans la pratique elle distingue mal les activités contentieuses et administratives. Quant à ces dernières, le département fait preuve d'une volonté constante de régler les conflits par la conciliation; efficace pour les petits troubles municipaux, cette "administration paternelle" se révèle inadaptée aux graves secousses révolutionnaires qui ont touché le midi. Les administrateurs, manquant d'une force publique obéissante, dépendant de l'opinion publique par leur caractère électif, font preuve d'une réelle paralysie. Désavoués une première fois par le pouvoir exécutif qui annule, par une proclamation prise en conseil d'Etat, plusieurs arrêtés concernant l'insurrection arlésienne de 1791, les membres du directoire seront finalement convoqués à la barre de la législative en mars 1792 pour expliquer leur inaction. Entre-temps, les patriotes transféreront de force l'administration d'Aix à Marseille, la plaçant ainsi sous le contrôle du club jacobin et des sectionsThe Constituante confide the regulation of fiscal, electoral, public works and national poerty affairs in litigation to departmental administrations; this study of archives shows an administration protecting the rights of private persons, using largely his powers, even if in reality she distinguishes hardly the contentious and administrative activities. As for this latter, the department tries to rule the conflicts by conciliation : efficient for small municipal troubles, this "paternal administration" is revealed inadequate during the serious revolutionary agitation who attains the South. Paralyzed by his collegiality, losing an obedient police, depending on public opinion by his elective character, the administration is disavowes a first time by executive power who annuls, by a proclamation of Conseil d'Etat, somes of resolutions in 1791. Suspended by the legislative, members of the directoire are convoked to Paris in march 1792 in order to explain their inaction. But mean time the patriote will transfered by strength the administration from Aix to Marseille, putting her under the control of jacobin club
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SILVA, Lenivaldo Cavalcante da. "Pernambuco e o medo dos Clubes de França:o caso do Le Diligent (1792-1793)". Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2009. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/4777.
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In the year 1792, an official letter sent to the Portuguese colonial authorities by Secretary of Navy and overseas, Martinho de Melo e Castro, guided them to act with extreme caution in the contacts made with French ships which wanted to grapple in their ports. Strong vigilance should be done in order to avoid the meeting among French crew and the residents. All due to the repercussions of the revolutionary movement that is established in France in the eighteenth century, affecting not only the surrounding European kingdoms, but also their own colonies.The "abominable doctrine that the clubs of France" wanted to spread caused fear in the administration of the Portuguese metropolis which provided steps to combat the possibility of contamination of revolutionary ideas, especially in its colonies to avoid a repetition of what occurred in the Island of São Domingos. Indeed, to combat these ideas, we can highlight one episode occurred in 1792, when in December of that year, it grappled, in the Island of Fernando de Noronha - which worked as a prison – a Bergantim with French flag with the name Le Diligent. Le Diligent was under the command of Aristide Aubert du Petit-Thouars, whose application for landing on the island was motivated by the need to restore some of his crew, who were supposedly sick. For that it was necessary twenty days ashore. However, the arrival process of the ship and the procedures ashore raised suspicions which culminated in the detention of the whole crew. From the documents concerning the case of detention of prisoners of the whole crew of the Le Diligent, it is tried to understand some elements of the fear that has spread in the colonies, for the revolutionary events in France and if there was relationship of that situation with the practice of smuggling.
No ano de 1792, um ofício enviado às autoridades coloniais portuguesas pelo secretário de Marinha e Ultramar, Martinho de Melo e Castro, orientava para agirem com extrema cautela nos contatos feitos com os navios franceses que procurassem os seus portos. Uma forte vigilância deveria ser exercida para que o encontro entre tripulantes franceses e os moradores fosse evitado. Tudo devido à repercussão do movimento revolucionário que se instala na França no século XVIII, que atinge não apenas os reinos europeus circunvizinhos, como também suas respectivas colônias. A “abominável doutrina que os Clubes de França” pretendiam difundir provocou um medo na administração da metrópole portuguesa, que logo tomou providências para combater a possibilidade de contaminação das idéias revolucionárias, sobretudo, para evitar em suas colônias uma repetição do que ocorreu na ilha de São Domingos. Na prática, quanto ao combate a estas idéias, podemos destacar um episódio ocorrido em 1792, quando em dezembro daquele ano, arribou, na ilha de Fernando de Noronha – que funcionava como presídio – um Bergantim com bandeira francesa de nome Le Diligent. O Le Diligent estava sob o comando de Aristide Aubert du Petit-Thouars, cuja solicitação para desembarque na ilha era motivada pela necessidade de restabelecimento de alguns de seus tripulantes, que estariam supostamente doentes. Para isso, precisar-se-ia de vinte dias em terra. Contudo, o processo de arribada do navio e os procedimentos em terra levantaram suspeitas que culminaram com a detenção de toda a tripulação. A partir dos documentos relativos ao processo de detenção da tripulação do Le Diligent, tentamos entender alguns elementos do medo que se espalhou pelas colônias, relativos aos acontecimentos na França revolucionária e se existia relação desta situação com a prática do contrabando.
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Sheets, James Steven. "SENSIBILITY AND THE SUBLIME AND BEAUTIFUL IN EDMUND BURKE'S "REFLECTIONS ON THE REVOLUTION IN FRANCE"". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276374.
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Meylan-Kelmanowitz, Claire. "L'émergence de la figure d'auteur par l'autobiographie : l'exemple de Casanova et de Goldoni". Dijon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DIJOL017.
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Casanova et Goldoni ont ceci de commun qu'ils sont vénitiens et qu'ils ils ont écrit leur vie en français. Le choix d'une langue d'adoption pour se raconter ne va pas de soi. La langue natale traduit en effet de manière plus immédiate et plus intime le premier rapport que l'on a au monde. La langue d'adoption retrace au contraire un processus d'acquisition et de reconstruction de soi. L'écriture en français pose donc un problème d'ordre générique, celui de l'autobiographie, fortement solidaire du contexte historique, national, et européen. L'Europe est alors sous une domination linguistique française qui éclipse les autres langues, et qui place les auteurs étrangers dans une position minoritaire et périphérique. L'autobiographie des vénitiens offre donc un témoignage très intéressant sur un cosmopolitisme mythique prôné par les Lumières, mais qui rejette en réalité d'autres cultures, et tout particulièrement celles de l'Europe méridionale, jugée retardataire et obscurantiste. Des lors, l'écriture autobiographique devient véritablement le lieu d'une revendication à la fois auctoriale et identitaire. Ecrivant en français, les mémorialistes privilégient leur lectorat et la diffusion de leur récit autobiographique à la spontanéité et à l'intimité de la langue maternelle. Ainsi, dépassant le clivage que l'on distingue traditionnellement entre mémoires et autobiographie, Histoire de ma vie de Casanova et les Mémoires de Goldoni offrent une variante originale du récit de soi. En écrivant leur vie, les deux vénitiens en effet visent moins à la "confession" telle que l'entend rousseau, ou au témoignage historique de ceux que l'on appelle stricto sensu les "mémorialistes", qu'au désir de se faire reconnaitre en tant qu'auteurs. Ces deux écrivains en exil voient dans le récit autobiographique l'ultime occasion de s'imposer sur la scène européenne, tendant, selon des stratégies qui leur sont propres, à faire de l'espace autobiographique un lieu de promotion du moi auctorial.
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Ostwald, Jamel Mindel. "Vauban's siege legacy in the War of The Spanish Succession, 1702-1712". Columbus, OH : Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1039049324.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2002.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 389 p.: ill. (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Advisors: John Rule and John F. Guilmartin, Jr., Dept. of History. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 136-144). Includes bibliographical references (p. 363-389).
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DiCuirci, Lindsay Erin Marks. "History's Imprint: The Colonial Book and the Writing of American History, 1790-1855". The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1280362004.
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Schönpflug, Daniel. "Der Weg in die Terreur : Radikalisierung und Konflikte im Strassburger Jakobinerclub (1790-1795) /". München : R. Oldenbourg, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb388682028.
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Jensen, Gerda Maisa. "Lazzaro Spallanzani (1729-1799) e o torpedo: um tipo de peixe elétrico?" Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2008. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/13411.
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The Italian naturalist Lazzaro Spallanzani (1729-1799) took up the study of several issues of Natural History amongst which, the numbness phenomenon caused by fish called torpedoes in their preys or in human beings. Well known since the Ancient times once a fable, it became subsequently the object of inquiry of the natural philosophers from XVII and XVIII centuries. They witnessed the veracity of the phenomenon and described the morphology and the anatomic of these fish, trying to explain it origin and cause of the numbness. In this Dissertation, we present some of the inquiries on the subject conducted by Spallanzani, to ascertain whether they were based on the knowledge available in the period and if his observations and experiments were well planned and executed. To do so, we present some of the explanations for the phenomenon, ranging from mechanical and electrical hypotheses, for some predecessors and contemporaries of Spallanzani. Then, in order to contextualize the study in the general scope of the investigations of Spallanzani, details of his training and academic activities are given, with emphasis on his naturalistics travels and maintenance of museums of Natural History. Finally, the process of investigation that he conducted on the torpedoes, between the years 1780 and 1782 is detailed. The report of his observations and experiences as well as the results were summarized by Spallanzani in a letter dated February 23 of 1783, addressed to the Marchis Girolamo Lucchesini and published in the same year, in two journals aimed at disseminating scientific Italians, the Opuscoli scelti sulle Scienze e sulle Arti and the Giornale de Letterati. We compared this letter with to excerpts of the diaries, published only recently, about his naturalistic journeys that provided Spallanzani access and opportunity to conduct their studies on the torpedoes. Our analysis led us to conclude that Spallanzani took into account the past and contemporary studies on the phenomenon, his guided through their research hypotheses (mechanical and electrical) that subsidized these studies. Spallanzani concluded that although the shock caused by the fish does not produce sparks or express phenomena of attraction and repulsion (as occurred with static electricity studied at the time), the numbness caused by torpedoes in their preys, in the hands of fishermen and scholars was an electrical phenomenon of the same nature as manifest in the atmosphere or the bottle of Leyden
O naturalista italiano Lazzaro Spallanzani (1729-1799) dedicou-se ao estudo de diversos temas da História Natural, dentre os quais o do fenômeno de entorpecimento causado em presas ou em seres humanos, por peixes chamados torpedos. Conhecido pelos sábios da Antigüidade, o fenômeno chegou a ser considerado, posteriormente, uma fábula, até que filósofos naturais dos séculos XVII e XVIII tomaram-no como objeto de investigação. Atestaram não apenas a veracidade do fenômeno, como procederam a descrições morfológicas e anatômicas desses peixes, procurando explicar a origem e causa do fenômeno. Nesta Dissertação, apresentamos algumas das investigações sobre o tema realizadas por Spallanzani, objetivando averiguar se estavam baseadas nos conhecimentos disponíveis no período e se suas observações e experiências foram bem planejadas e executadas. Para isso, são apresentadas algumas das explicações fornecidas para o fenômeno, variando entre hipóteses mecânicas e elétricas, por alguns antecessores e contemporâneos de Spallanzani. Em seguida, a fim de contextualizar esse estudo no âmbito geral das pesquisas de Spallanzani, são indicados elementos de sua formação e atividades acadêmicas, com ênfase nas suas viagens naturalísticas e manutenção de museus de História Natural. Por fim, é detalhada uma fase de investigações que ele realizou sobre os torpedos, entre os anos de 1780 e 1782. O relato de suas observações e experiências e os resultados obtidos foram resumidos por Spallanzani em carta datada de 23 de fevereiro de 1783, endereçada ao Marchese Girolamo Lucchesini e publicada, no mesmo ano, em dois periódicos italianos voltados à divulgação científica, o Opuscoli scelti sulle Scienze e sulle Arti e o Giornale de Letterati. Comparamos essa carta com trechos dos diários, apenas recentemente publicados, das viagens naturalísticas que propiciaram a Spallanzani o acesso e a possibilidade de realizar seus estudos sobre os torpedos. Nossa análise nos levou a concluir que Spallanzani levou em consideração os estudos anteriores e contemporâneos sobre o fenômeno, bem como guiou sua investigação pelas hipóteses (mecânica e elétrica) que subsidiavam esses estudos. Spallanzani concluiu que apesar do choque causado pelo peixe não produzir faísca nem manifestar fenômenos de atração e repulsão (como ocorria com a eletricidade estática estudada na época), o entorpecimento causado pelos torpedos nas presas, nas mãos dos pescadores e de estudiosos era um fenômeno elétrico, de mesma natureza que o manifesto na atmosfera ou na garrafa de Leyden
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Tejero, Vidal Lorena Lourdes. "Las Hijas de la Caridad de San Vicente de Paúl en el Hospital de Santa María, la Casa de Maternidad y la Casa de Misericordia de Lleida (1792-1936). Aportaciones a la enfermería". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/387321.
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Las Hijas de la Caridad de San Vicente de Paúl forman parte de la historia de la enfermería. A Lleida llegaron en 1792 para hacerse cargo de la asistencia del Hospital de Santa María.
La metodología se basa en un enfoque paradigmático hermenéutico y sociocrítica defendida por la Escuela de los Annales; enmarcándose el estudio en Lleida ciudad entre los años 1792 y 1936.
Se han identificado un total de 243 Hijas de la Caridad que han trabajado en Lleida en los tres establecimientos benéfico-asistenciales, acompañadas de otro personal de enfermería que complementaba dicha atención sanitaria.
Se ha logrado dar visibilidad a lo que han supuesto las hermanas para la enfermería leridana como mujeres consagradas y al personal de enfermería que las acompaño desde su llegada hasta los inicios de la Guerra Civil española. Demostraron un gran desarrollo competencial como enfermeras en conocimientos, habilidades, actitudes de asistencia y docencia.Les Filles de la Caritat de San Vicent de Paül formen part de la història de la infermeria. A Lleida van arriba a 1792 per fer-se càrrec de l´assistència de l´Hospital de Santa Maria. La metodologia es basa en un enfoc paradigmàtic hermenèutic i sociocrític defensat per l´Escola dels Annals; emmarcant-se l´estudi a Lleida ciutat entre els anys 1792 i 1936. S´han identificat un total de 243 Filles de la Caritat que han treballat a Lleida als tres establiments benèfic-assistencials, acompanyades d´altre personal d´infermeria que complementava l´atenció sanitària. S´ha aconseguit donar visibilitat al que han suposat les germanes per la infermeria lleidatana com a dones consagrades i al personal d´infermeria que les va acompanyar des de la seva arribada fins als inicis de la Guerra Civil espanyola. Demostrar un gran desenvolupament competencial com infermeres en coneixements, habilitats i actituds d´assistència i docència.
The Daughters of Charity the Saint Vincent of Paúl are part of the history of nursing. In Lleida arrived in 1792 to take over the health care of the Hospital of Santa Maria. The methodology used part of a hermeneutics and sociocritic paradigmatic approach based on the vision of the School of the Annales defended; being framed the study in Lleida city between 1792 and 1936. They have identified a total of 243 Daughters of Charity who have worked in Lleida in the three charitable care establishments, accompanied by other nurses supplementing this care. Though the study it has succeeded in giving visibility to what the sisters have meant for nursing of Lleida as consecrated women and nursing staff that accompany from their arrival until the beginning of the Spanish Civil War. Showed great skills development as nurses in knowledge, skills, attitudes, attendance and teaching caring.
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Nicklasson, Eva. "Grosshandlare i konkurs. Stockholm 1746 till 1799". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Ekonomisk-historiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-179816.
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Michelesi, Robert. "L'installation des justices de paix dans le département des Bouches-du-Rhône entre 1790 et fin 1792". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1089.
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Rechercher dans les cinq districts du département des Bouches-du-Rhône, les Justices de paix installées dans tous les cantons, entre 1790 et fin décembre 1792. Etudier les difficultés de leur installation par rapport au système électoral de désignation des juges, des assesseurs, des greffiers, instauré par la Loi d'organisation judiciaire des 16/24 août 1790 et analyser le fonctionnement et l'évolution de ces juridictions pendant la première période de leur existence, entre 1790 et décembre 1792Search in the five districts of the Bouches du Rhone Department, the Justices of Peace installed in all cantons between 1790 and December 1792. Examine the difficulties of their installation relative to the electoral procedure of appointment of the judges, assessors, registrars who was established by the Law d'Organisation Judiciaire of the 16 and 24 August 1790. Examine the functioning of these jurisdictions during the first period of their life between 1790 and December 1792